JP5976391B2 - Flat block and block with additional function including it - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a block with an additional function, such as having an IC tag that transmits traffic information, and a flat block that is a main body portion of the block.

In recent years, attempts have been made to wirelessly notify visually impaired persons by incorporating IC tags in blocks for visually impaired persons (also referred to as Braille blocks).
As an example of an IC tag placement method, an IC tag is built next to a visually impaired person guidance block line that physically provides information to a visually impaired person by providing protrusions on the floor and having projections on the surface. A method for arranging an IC tag for guiding a visually impaired person, characterized in that an IC tag block that wirelessly provides information to a visually impaired person is proposed (Patent Document 1).

JP 2005-97972 A

In the case of the IC tag placement method described in the above-mentioned document, the IC tag block must be placed separately from the placement location of the general-purpose visually impaired guidance block.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a block having an additional function such as wireless traffic information transmission by an IC tag and a flat block which is a main body portion of the block.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor has a through-hole penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface as a main body portion of the block having an additional function, and penetrates in the projected area of the entire upper surface. If a flat block made of a material having a hole area ratio of 10 to 50% and a bending strength of 10 MPa or more is used, other parts for providing an additional function in the through hole (for example, visual Even if it is installed and fixed with a transmission means for giving traffic information wirelessly to the handicapped person, it can have sufficient strength to prevent damage or the like against the load from above, practical use As a result, the present invention was completed.

That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [6].
[1] A through-hole penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed, and the ratio of the area of the through-hole in the projected area of the entire upper surface is 10 to 50%, and is formed of a material having a bending strength of 10 MPa or more. A flat block characterized by being made.
[2] The flat block according to [1], wherein the material is a fiber-reinforced hydraulic material.
[3] An additional function to the flat block as described in [1] or [2] and the flat block arranged and fixed in the through hole of the flat block. A block with additional functions, including a structure to give
[4] With the additional function according to [3], the structure for giving an additional function to the flat block is arranged so as not to protrude downward from the lower surface of the flat block. Block.
[5] The block with an additional function according to the above [3] or [4], wherein the block with the additional function is a block for guiding a visually impaired person having a plurality of convex portions for guiding a visually impaired person on an upper surface. block.
[6] The structure for providing the additional function is disposed at least partially transparent molded body having a plurality of convex portions for guiding a visually impaired person, and below the molded body. The block with an additional function according to the above [5], which is a transmission means for giving traffic information to a visually impaired person, including a solar panel and an IC tag driven by the solar panel.

According to the flat block of the present invention, since it has a through-hole penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface, an additional function (may be abbreviated as an additional function in this specification). A block having an additional function can be completed by disposing other parts for providing.
Further, the flat block of the present invention limits the ratio of the area of the through hole in the projected area of the entire upper surface of the block and the bending strength of the material forming the block within a specific numerical range. Therefore, when it is used as a block having an additional function, it has sufficient strength to prevent damage or the like against a load from above (for example, passage of a heavy object on a sidewalk).
Furthermore, since the block having the additional function of the present invention has an additional function (for example, a function for wirelessly providing traffic information to a visually handicapped person), a flat block (for example, a general-purpose vision) is provided as in the prior art. In addition to the location of the handicapped person guidance block), it is necessary to secure the location of the structure for providing additional functions (for example, a transmission means for wirelessly providing traffic information to the visually impaired) Absent.

It is a top view which shows an example of the flat block of this invention. It is arrow sectional drawing which shows the state which cut | disconnected the flat block shown in FIG. 1 by the AA line. It is a top view which shows an example of the block which has an additional function of this invention. It is arrow sectional drawing which shows the state which cut | disconnected the block which has an additional function shown in FIG. 3 by the BB line. It is a figure for demonstrating the method of the load bearing test of the block which has an additional function of this invention.

First, the material and molding method of the flat block of the present invention will be described.
As an example of a preferable material of the flat block of the present invention, (A) cement, (B) fine powder having a BET specific surface area of 5 to 25 m ² / g, (C) fine aggregate, (D) water reducing agent, ( E) A hydraulic composition containing metal fiber or organic fiber, and (F) water.
This hydraulic composition is an inorganic powder other than (G) cement and further has a Blaine specific surface area of 4,000 to 10,000 cm ² / g in order to further improve fluidity and mechanical strength after curing. An inorganic powder.
The hydraulic composition may further contain (H) a pigment.

As the (A) cement, various Portland cements such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, moderately hot Portland cement, and low heat Portland cement can be used.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use moderately hot Portland cement or low heat Portland cement from the viewpoint of fluidity and strength development of the composition, reduction of curing shrinkage, and the like.

(B) The BET specific surface area of fine powder is 5-25 m < ² > / g, Preferably it is 7-15 m < ² > / g. When the BET specific surface area is less than 5 m ² / g, the mechanical strength after curing of the composition decreases. When the BET specific surface area exceeds 25 m ² / g, the amount of water for imparting a certain level of fluidity to the composition increases, and the mechanical strength after curing of the composition decreases.
(B) Examples of the fine powder include silica fume, silica dust, fly ash, slag, volcanic ash, silica sol, precipitated silica, and limestone powder. In general, silica fume and silica dust have a BET specific surface area of 5 to 25 m ² / g and do not need to be pulverized, and thus are suitable as fine powders used in the present invention. Further, limestone powder is also preferably used from the viewpoint of pulverizability and fluidity.
(B) The compounding quantity of fine powder becomes like this. Preferably it is 10-40 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of (A) cement, More preferably, it is 15-35 mass parts. When the blending amount is less than 10 parts by mass, the mechanical strength after curing of the composition is lowered. If the blending amount exceeds 40 parts by mass, the amount of water for imparting a certain level of fluidity to the composition increases, and the mechanical strength after curing of the composition decreases.

(C) As fine aggregate, river sand, land sand, sea sand, crushed sand, quartz sand, or a mixture of two or more of these can be used.
The maximum particle size of the fine aggregate is preferably 2 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm, and particularly preferably 1 mm, from the viewpoint of strength development of the composition.
The compounding amount of (C) fine aggregate is preferably 50 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 70 to 140 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of (A) cement. When the blending amount is out of the above numerical range, the mechanical strength after curing of the composition is lowered.

(D) As a water reducing agent, a lignin type, naphthalenesulfonic acid type, melamine type, polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent, AE water reducing agent, high performance water reducing agent or high performance AE water reducing agent can be used. Among them, a polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducing agent or a high-performance AE water reducing agent is preferable because a greater water-reducing effect can be obtained.
(D) The blending amount of the water reducing agent is preferably 0.1 to 4.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass, in terms of solid content, relative to 100 parts by mass of (A) cement. It is. When the blending amount is out of the above numerical range, the fluidity of the composition, the mechanical strength after curing, and the like are lowered.

Examples of the metal fiber used as the component (E) (metal fiber or organic fiber) include steel fiber and amorphous fiber. Among these, steel fibers are preferably used because they have high strength and are excellent in terms of cost and availability.
The metal fibers preferably have a diameter of 0.01 to 0.5 mm and a length of 2 to 30 mm, particularly preferably a diameter of 0.05 to 0.3 mm and a length of 5 to 25 mm. If the diameter is less than 0.01 mm, the strength of the fiber itself is insufficient, and it is easy to break when subjected to tension. When the diameter exceeds 0.5 mm, the effect of improving the bending strength and the like of the composition is lowered. If the length is less than 2 mm, the effect of improving the bending strength of the composition is lowered. If the length exceeds 30 mm, fiber balls are likely to occur during kneading.
The length / diameter ratio of the metal fibers is preferably 20 to 200, more preferably 50 to 150.
The compounding amount of the metal fiber is preferably 0.5 to 4%, more preferably 1 to 3% as a volume ratio in the total volume of the composition. When the blending amount is less than 0.5%, the bending strength after curing of the composition is lowered. If the blending amount exceeds 4%, the unit water amount increases in order to ensure workability during kneading, and as a result, the bending strength and the like after curing of the composition decreases.

Examples of the organic fiber used as the component (E) (metal fiber or organic fiber) include vinylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, and carbon fiber. Among these, vinylon fibers and polypropylene fibers are preferably used because they have high strength and are excellent in terms of cost and availability.
The preferable numerical range of the diameter, length, and length / diameter ratio of the organic fiber is the same as that of the metal fiber.
The blending amount of the organic fiber is preferably 1 to 9%, more preferably 2 to 8% as a volume ratio in the total volume of the composition. When the blending amount is less than 1%, the bending strength after curing of the composition is lowered. If the blending amount exceeds 9%, the unit water amount increases in order to ensure workability during kneading, and as a result, the bending strength after curing of the composition decreases.

(F) As water, industrial water, tap water, etc. can be used.
(F) Water is blended in such an amount that the water / cement ratio is preferably 10 to 30% by mass, more preferably 13 to 25% by mass. When the water / cement ratio is less than 10% by mass, the fluidity of the composition is lowered. When the water / cement ratio exceeds 30% by mass, the mechanical strength after curing of the composition is lowered.

(G) Blaine specific surface area of the inorganic powder, 4,000~10,000cm ² / g, more preferably 5,000~9,000cm ² / g. If the Blaine specific surface area is less than 4,000 cm ² / g, the effect of improving fluidity, mechanical strength after curing, and the like is reduced. If the Blaine specific surface area exceeds 10,000 cm ² / g, fluidity may decrease, and mechanical strength after curing may decrease.
Examples of the inorganic powder (G) include slag, limestone powder, feldspar, mullite, alumina powder, quartz powder, fly ash, volcanic ash, silica sol, carbide powder, and nitride powder. Of these, slag, fly ash, limestone powder, and quartz powder are preferably used in terms of cost and stability of quality after curing.
(G) The compounding quantity of inorganic powder becomes like this. Preferably it is 5 mass parts or more with respect to 100 mass parts of cement, More preferably, it is 7 mass parts or more. By setting the blending amount to 5 parts by mass or more, it is possible to enhance the improvement effects such as fluidity and mechanical strength after curing.
(G) The upper limit of the compounding amount of the inorganic powder is preferably 50 parts by mass, more preferably 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. If the blending amount exceeds 50 parts by mass, the fluidity and mechanical strength after curing may decrease.
Examples of the pigment (H) include pigments for coloring yellow.

The hydraulic composition can be prepared by kneading the above materials.
Specific examples of the kneading method include the following methods (1) to (3).
(1) A method of mixing materials other than water and a water reducing agent in advance to prepare a premix material, and then adding the premix material, water and water reducing agent to a mixer, and kneading (2) a material other than water ( However, the water reducing agent is a powder type.) A premix material is prepared by mixing in advance, and then the premix material and water are put into a mixer and kneaded. (3) Method of mixing and kneading each separately The mixer used for kneading may be any type used for ordinary concrete kneading, such as an omni mixer, a pan-type mixer, a biaxial kneading mixer, a tilting cylinder mixer, etc. Can be used.

After the prepared hydraulic composition is put into a mold, cured in the same manner as a normal precast concrete product, and then removed from the mold, the flat block of the present invention can be obtained.
When the hydraulic composition is put into a formwork, a structure for giving an additional function to a flat block (for example, an IC tag driven by a solar panel is included in the formwork in advance). A transmission means for giving traffic information wirelessly to a person may be arranged. In this case, if the interface between the flat block made of a cured body of the hydraulic composition and the structure for giving an additional function to the flat block is designed to have irregularities, Even without using a bonding means such as an agent, these two (a flat block and a structure for providing an additional function) can be fixed.

Next, referring to the drawings, embodiments of a flat block of the present invention and a block with an additional function including the same will be described.
In FIG. 1, a flat block 1 of the present invention is a visually impaired person guiding block, and a molded body having a rectangular outline on the outer surface of the upper surface and a rectangular through hole 2 on the inside thereof. Is formed.
Note that the through hole 2 is formed to have a shape that is a reduced shape while rotating the rectangle, which is the outer contour of the upper surface of the block 1, by 45 degrees and maintaining a similar shape. In the form shown in FIG. 1, the outer contour of the upper surface of the block 1 and the through hole 2 are both formed in a rectangle (more specifically, a square), but other shapes (for example, (Rectangle, rhombus, etc.).
As shown in FIG. 2 (a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1), the block 1 has a surface layer 3 colored in yellow (for example, the above-mentioned hydraulic composition is blended with a yellow pigment). And a non-colored base layer 4 (for example, the above-mentioned hydraulic composition is not blended with a pigment).
The surface layer 3 includes a flat plate portion 3a having a certain thickness and a plurality of convex portions 3b for guiding a visually impaired person. What is necessary is just to determine the shape, dimension, and arrangement | sequence of the convex part 3b (protrusion of a braille block) based on JIST9251.

The through-hole 2 penetrates from the upper surface to the lower surface of the block 1 and is formed by a wall surface 2a composed of four strip-shaped planes extending in the vertical direction.
The ratio of the area of the through-hole 2 in the projected area of the entire upper surface of the block 1 is 10 to 50%, preferably 15 to 40%, more preferably 20 to 30%. When the ratio is less than 10%, it may be difficult to accommodate a structure for providing an additional function (for example, a structure including a solar panel and an IC tag). When the ratio exceeds 50%, there is a possibility that the block 1 may be damaged when a load such as a vehicle is applied from above when a visually impaired person guidance block with an additional function described later is used.
The bending strength of the material forming the block 1 is 10 MPa or more, preferably 20 MPa or more, more preferably 30 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 40 MPa or more. When the bending strength is less than 10 MPa, there is a possibility that the block 1 may be damaged when a large load such as a vehicle is applied from above when a visually impaired person guidance block with an additional function is used.
The upper limit of the bending strength of the material forming the block 1 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 60 MPa in consideration of the blending amount of metal fibers and the like.

A reinforcing bar may be provided in the block 1. In this case, the strength of the block 1 can be further improved.
As a suitable example of the block 1, (a) the bending strength of the material forming the block 1 is 30 MPa or more and no reinforcing bar is disposed, and (b) the bending strength of the material forming the block 1 is 10 MPa or more. , Less than 30 MPa, and a reinforcing bar provided.
When the reinforcing bars are arranged in the block 1, it is preferable that the reinforcing bars are arranged so as to cross at least a portion where the distance between the outer edge of the block 1 and the through hole 2 is the smallest. For example, as a preferable example in the form shown in FIG. 1, a reinforcing bar having a rectangular shape passing under the four convex portions 3b closest to each of the four corners of the outer contour of the block 1 (one continuous bent) (Reinforcing bars or four linear reinforcing bars).

The dimensions of the flat block of the present invention vary depending on the application and are not particularly limited. For example, the length is 200 to 500 mm, the width is 200 to 500 mm, and the thickness (of the flat portion excluding the convex portion). The total thickness of the surface layer 3 and the base layer 4 in FIG. 2 is 40 to 80 mm.
When the flat block of the present invention is a visually impaired person guide block, an example of the dimensions of the flat block is as follows: length is 300 mm, width is 300 mm, and thickness (convex parts for guiding visually impaired persons are provided). The thickness of the excluding flat plate portion is 60 mm.

FIG. 3 shows a block 10 with an additional function in which a structure 20 for providing an additional function is disposed and fixed in the through hole 2 of the block 1 shown in FIG.
As conceptually shown in FIG. 4 (a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 3), the structure 20 includes a frame body 21, a solar panel 24 (upper side) housed in the frame body 21, and an IC. From the tag 25 (lower side), the transparent flat plate portion 23 disposed on the frame body 21 and the solar panel 24, and a plurality of convex portions 22 colored in yellow formed on the flat plate portion 23 Become.

The frame body 21 can be formed using metals, such as iron and aluminum, for example.
The convex portion 22 is for guiding a visually impaired person, and has the same color (yellow) and shape as the convex portion 3 b of the block 1. The convex portion 22 may be formed integrally with the transparent flat plate portion 23 or may be formed as a separate member from the transparent flat plate portion 23 and then fixed on the flat plate portion 23 using an adhesive or the like. Also good. Examples of the material of the convex portion 22 include synthetic resins such as polycarbonate.
The transparent flat plate portion 23 is for transmitting sunlight and causing the solar panel 24 located below the flat plate portion 23 to absorb light energy. Examples of the material of the flat plate portion 23 include synthetic resins such as polycarbonate.
The solar panel 24 stores the light energy of sunlight, and uses this light energy as a drive source of the IC tag 25 that is a fixed IC tag. For this reason, the block 10 with an additional function can operate an additional function (transmission of traffic information by an IC tag) without having a driving source such as a battery as a consumable item. In addition, the solar panel 24 is comprised by several components, such as a solar cell and a capacitor | condenser.

The IC tag 25 is for transmitting traffic information wirelessly toward a mobile IC tag possessed by a visually handicapped person who passes nearby.
A visually impaired person possesses a mobile phone with a voice reading function and a mobile IC tag. The traffic information received by the mobile IC tag (for example, information on the current position of the visually handicapped person and information on the surrounding construction) is visually impaired through a mobile phone connected to the mobile IC tag by wire. Be guided by the person.
Note that, unlike the IC tag 25 driven by the solar panel 24, the mobile phone and the mobile IC tag possessed by the visually impaired person usually use a battery or the like as a drive source.

(1) Material of hydraulic composition The following were used as a material of a hydraulic composition.
(A) Cement; Low heat Portland cement (B) Fine powder; Silica fume (BET specific surface area: 10 m ² / g)
(C) Fine aggregate; quartz sand (particle size: 0.15 to 0.6 mm)
(D) Water reducing agent; polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducing agent (E) metal fiber; steel fiber (diameter: 0.15 mm, length: 15 mm)
(F) Water; Tap water (G) Inorganic powder; Quartz powder (Blaine specific surface area: 7,500 cm ² / g)

(2) Preparation of hydraulic composition and measurement of bending strength 100 parts by mass of cement, 30 parts by mass of silica fume, 105 parts by mass of fine aggregate, 0.5 parts by mass of water reducing agent (in terms of solid content), steel fiber (of the composition) The ratio in the total volume: 2% by volume), 22 parts by mass of water, and 30 parts by mass of quartz powder were put into a biaxial kneader and kneaded to obtain a hydraulic composition.
The obtained hydraulic composition was poured into a 4 cm × 4 cm × 16 cm mold, left at 20 ° C. for 48 hours (primary curing), demolded, and further steam-cured (secondary curing at 90 ° C. for 48 hours). ) To obtain a cured product. The bending strength of the obtained cured product was measured according to “JIS R 5201”. As a result, the bending strength was 45 N / mm ² .

(3) Production of block with additional function The structure 20 having the form shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is disposed in the mold, and then the above structure (2) around the structure 20 in the mold. The hydraulic composition prepared in (1) was poured. After standing at 20 ° C. for 48 hours (primary curing), demolding and further steam curing (secondary curing) at 90 ° C. for 48 hours to form a block 1 around the structure 20 with an additional function. Block 10 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) was obtained. In addition, the block 1 and the structure 20 have unevenness | corrugation which is not illustrated in these boundary surfaces, and are being fixed so that attachment or detachment is impossible.
The dimensions of the block 1 are as follows: the outer contour of the upper surface is 300 m × 300 mm, the through-hole 2 is 147 mm × 147 mm, the thickness of the flat plate portion 3 a that is a part of the surface layer 3 is 10 mm, 5), the diameter of the upper surface of the convex portion 3b was 12 mm, the diameter of the lower surface of the convex portion 3b (the boundary surface with the flat plate portion 3a) was 22 mm, and the thickness of the base layer 4 was 50 mm. The dimensions of the block 1 are determined according to “JIS A 5371 Appendix 2 Recommended Specification 2-1 Flat Plate”.
Moreover, as a composition for formation of the surface layer 3, in addition to the material of said (A)-(G), the thing containing a yellow pigment was used.

(4) Load bearing test A load bearing test was performed on the block 10 having the additional function of (3) above.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the block 10 is placed on two rod-shaped fulcrums 30 having a span (symbol L in FIG. 5) of 240 mm, and the convex portion 22 at the center of the block 10 is placed. A load was applied with the upper surface of the load as a loading point, and the load when the block 1 (cured body of the hydraulic composition) which is the main body portion of the block 10 was broken was measured. The measurement was performed 3 times. As a result, values of 16.5 kN, 15.6 kN, and 17.3 kN were obtained. The average of these three measurements is 16.5 kN. The measured value satisfied the standard value “12.0 kN or more”.

1 Flat block (block for guiding the visually impaired)
2 Through-hole 2a Wall surface forming through-hole 3 Surface layer 3a Flat plate portion 3b Protruding portion 4 Base layer 10 Block with additional function (block having transmission means for giving traffic information to visually handicapped persons)
20 Structure 21 for providing additional functions Frame 22 Convex 23 Transparent flat plate 24 Solar panel 25 IC tag

Claims (1)

A block with an additional function, including a flat block and a structure for providing an additional function to the flat block disposed and fixed in the through hole of the flat block Because
The block with the additional function is a visually impaired person guiding block having a plurality of convex portions on the upper surface for guiding a visually impaired person,
The flat block has a through hole penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface, the ratio of the area of the through hole in the projected area of the entire upper surface is 10 to 50%, and the bending strength (30 MPa or more) However, the value of the bending strength is a value measured according to “JIS R 5201”). The length is 200 to 500 mm, the width is 200 to 500 mm, The thickness (thickness of the flat part excluding the convex part) is 40 to 80 mm,
The structure for providing an additional function to the flat block includes an at least partially transparent molded body having a plurality of convex portions for guiding a visually impaired person, and a lower part of the molded body. A solar panel installed and an IC tag driven by the solar panel for transmitting traffic information wirelessly toward a mobile IC tag possessed by a visually handicapped person who passes nearby A block with an additional function, characterized in that it is a transmission means for giving traffic information to a visually impaired person, and is arranged so as not to protrude downward from the lower surface of the flat block .

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