JP5974587B2 - Transparent conductive member - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transparent conductive member, and more particularly to a transparent conductive member including a conductive mesh and an antistatic layer.

An image display apparatus having an image forming apparatus such as a plasma display panel (PDP) or a cathode ray tube (CRT) is widely used. In these image display devices, a transparent conductive film composed of a plurality of sheet-like (film-like) members each provided with various functions on the image observer side (also referred to as the screen side or the front side) of the image forming device. The member is arranged. For example, since a plasma display display device uses plasma discharge for light emission, unnecessary electromagnetic waves may leak to the outside and affect other devices (for example, remote control devices, information processing devices, etc.). For this reason, it is common to provide a film-like transparent electrode for shielding leaked electromagnetic waves on the front side (observer side) of a plasma display panel used in a plasma display device.
In addition, a conductive mesh is used as a transparent electrode or auxiliary electrode constituting an EL (Electro Luminescence electroluminescence) image display device.

  As a transparent electrode, a sheet-like material including a conductive mesh that defines a large number of open regions is widely used. For example, in Japanese Patent No. 3388682, a transparent electrode is typically laminated on a transparent substrate. A conductive mesh made of a conductor formed in a pattern having a regular repeating period forming a square lattice is disclosed.

  Incidentally, an image forming apparatus represented by a PDP, a CRT, or the like has a pixel array having a repeating cycle, and forms a desired image by controlling light for each pixel. For this reason, when a transparent electrode sheet is laminated on the image forming apparatus, a striped pattern resulting from interference between the periodicity of the pixel array and the periodicity of the conductive mesh, that is, moire (interference fringes) is visually recognized. There is. Further, when the transparent electrode is disposed on the image forming apparatus together with the optical member having a microlouver structure in which the light absorbing portions are repeatedly arranged, the periodicity of the conductive mesh, the periodicity of the light absorbing portion, More complicated moire caused by interference between the periodicity of the pixel array and the pixel array can be visually recognized. Such moire is displayed by the image display device and significantly deteriorates the image quality.

  In Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it is proposed to improve the mesh pattern of the conductive mesh in order to prevent the occurrence of moire. In Patent Document 1, it is proposed to produce a conductive mesh by chemical treatment combining organic solvent treatment and acid treatment. This conductive mesh has a completely randomized pattern and is effective in eliminating moire. However, the pattern of the conductive mesh disclosed in Patent Document 1 inevitably includes roughness in the pattern itself, and uneven appearance of density due to the roughness occurs. When the conductive mesh disclosed in Patent Document 1 is arranged on the image forming apparatus, unevenness in brightness is visually recognized, and the image quality is remarkably deteriorated. Further, the pattern of the conductive mesh disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a disconnected portion, and the portion does not function effectively for the purpose of conductivity, but also reduces the image transmittance. Also come.

  On the other hand, the conductive mesh pattern of the transparent electrode disclosed in Patent Document 2 modulates a square lattice having a repetition period in two directions of the X axis direction and the Y axis direction, and repeats only in one direction (Y axis direction). The return is irregular, leaving a repetition cycle in the other direction (X-axis direction). Although this pattern does not include the disconnection portion, it is not completely randomized and partially remains periodic. When the transparent electrode disclosed in Patent Document 2 is used, it is likely to be possible to suppress the occurrence of uneven density while ensuring sufficient conductivity, but the moire cannot be made sufficiently inconspicuous.

In addition, the transparent conductive member used for the image display device is usually a transparent electrode, a near infrared absorption layer, a neon light absorption layer, an ultraviolet absorption layer, an optical filter functional layer such as an antireflection layer, and a hard as a surface protective layer. It consists of a laminate with a coat layer. However, since the hard coat layer has high insulating properties, it is easy to be charged, and even if it contains a conductive mesh, the charge charged in the opening of the conductive mesh is difficult to discharge, so dirt due to adhesion of dust etc. occurs, Conventionally, an antistatic layer containing an antistatic agent is provided on a part of a laminate including a transparent electrode.
However, when using such an antistatic agent, if it is intended to increase the conductivity of the laminate, the amount of the antistatic agent added must be increased, resulting in an increase in the haze of the optical laminate. As a result, there is a problem that the light transmittance is lowered and sufficient optical characteristics cannot be obtained.
And as a concrete solution attempt, on the surface or layer of the transparent substrate, (i) a surfactant (for example, Patent Document 3), (ii) a single metal such as aluminum, gold, silver, copper, nickel or the like Alloy fine particles (for example, Patent Document 4), (iii) antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) or other metal oxide-based conductive ultrafine particles (for example, Patent Document 5), (Iv) The addition of a water-soluble or water-dispersible conductive polymer (for example, Patent Document 6), (v) addition of ionic conductive fine particles (for example, Patent Document 7), and the like have been proposed.

However, in order to prevent charging, there are problems such as addition of a surfactant causes the antistatic agent to bleed out over time (bleed out), and addition of the antistatic agent reduces light transmittance.
In addition, when fine particles such as simple metals, alloys, metal oxides, etc. are added, if an attempt is made to increase the conductivity of the optical filter, the amount of antistatic agent added must be increased. There has been a problem that haze is increased or transparency is lowered and light transmittance is lowered, and sufficient optical properties cannot be obtained.

WO2007 / 114076 JP-A-11-121974 JP-A-5-339306 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-42729 JP 2002-3751 A JP 2004-338379 A JP 2005-154749 A

  In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive member that can make shading unevenness and moire inconspicuous when mounted on the front surface of an image display device or the like and has excellent antistatic performance. There is to do.

The transparent conductive member of the present invention is a transparent conductive member in which a sheet-like transparent electrode and an antistatic layer are laminated,
The transparent electrode includes a transparent base material and a conductive mesh formed from a number of boundary line segments that extend between two branch points provided on the transparent base material and define an open region,
The conductive mesh includes an opening region surrounded by five boundary segments, an opening region surrounded by six boundary segments, and an opening region surrounded by seven boundary segments. Including an area containing at least two types of
The shape or area of the plurality of open regions surrounded by the same number of boundary line segments out of 5, 6, or 7 included in the region is not constant,
The antistatic layer contains antimony pentoxide particles and a urethane resin, and the antimony pentoxide is dispersed in the antistatic layer in a form having a coarse and dense structure.

  The transparent conductive member according to the present invention has a conductive mesh surrounded by an opening region surrounded by five boundary segments, an opening region surrounded by six boundary segments, and seven boundary segments. It includes a region including at least two types of open regions surrounded by the periphery, and the periphery is surrounded by the same number of boundary lines of 5, 6, or 7 included in the region. The shape or area of the plurality of opening regions is not constant. According to such a transparent electrode, moire can be made very inconspicuous while suppressing the occurrence of uneven density when mounted on the front surface of an image display device or the like.

  In addition, the transparent conductive member of the present invention has an antistatic layer containing antimony pentoxide and a urethane resin, and antimony pentoxide is dispersed in a form having a dense structure in the antistatic layer, so that haze is increased. It has sufficient antistatic performance without using a large amount. Therefore, dust adhesion and contamination can be prevented, and there is no bleeding out of the antistatic agent in the antistatic layer, no decrease in light transmittance and white turbidity (cloudiness), no stickiness due to bleed out, and high light transmittance. A transparent conductive member having an antistatic layer can be provided.

FIG. 1A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive member according to the present invention having a transparent electrode provided with a specific conductive mesh on a transparent substrate and a specific antistatic layer as essential constituent members. FIG. 1B is an enlarged plan view of a conductive mesh portion of the transparent conductive member in FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the transparent conductive member of other layer composition containing the transparent electrode which provided the specific conductive mesh of the present invention on the transparent substrate, and the specific antistatic layer. It is a top view which shows the transparent electrode which can be integrated in the transparent conductive member of this invention, Comprising: It is a figure for demonstrating the pattern of the conductive mesh of a transparent electrode. It is the elements on larger scale of Drawing 3, and is a figure for explaining the pattern of the conductive mesh of a transparent electrode. It is a graph which shows the number distribution of the opening area | region surrounded by each boundary line segment. FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining a pixel arrangement of an image forming apparatus that can be incorporated in the image display apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a state in which the transparent electrode shown in FIG. 3 and the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 6 are overlapped. It is a figure for demonstrating the method of designing the pattern of the electroconductive mesh shown by FIG. 3, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the method of determining a generating point. It is a figure for demonstrating the method of designing the pattern of the electroconductive mesh shown by FIG. 3, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the method of determining a generating point. It is a figure for demonstrating the method of designing the pattern of the electroconductive mesh shown by FIG. 3, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the method of determining a generating point. 4A to 4D are diagrams showing the determined mother point group in the absolute coordinate system and the relative coordinate system, and are diagrams for explaining the degree of dispersion of the mother point group. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method for designing the pattern of the conductive mesh shown in FIG. 3, and shows a method for determining a pattern by creating a Voronoi diagram from the determined mother point. It is a top view for demonstrating the pattern of the electroconductive mesh of the transparent electrode which concerns on a prior art. FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a state in which the transparent electrode shown in FIG. 13 and the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 6 are overlapped. It is a scanning electron micrograph of the cross section of the hard-coat layer of this invention (manufacture example 1).

  In the embodiment described below, the transparent conductive member of the present invention is mainly applied to an image display device (display) such as a plasma display device. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the present invention can be widely applied to other uses in which it is desirable to impart conductivity, for example, pasting on various window glasses such as buildings and vehicles.

FIG. 1A shows a transparent conductive member 10 in which a specific antistatic layer 50 is provided on a transparent electrode 20 in which a specific conductive mesh 40 is provided on a transparent substrate 30.
The transparent electrode 20 is from the image forming apparatus 80 (the shape of the pixel array portion in plan view is shown in FIG. 6 and is not shown in FIGS. 1A and 2 but is located in the lower part of the figure). To shield radiated electromagnetic waves in the kHz to GHz band (that is, “electromagnetic waves” here is a narrow concept that does not include visible light, near infrared light, and ultraviolet light) and transmit visible light. Since the conductive mesh 40 has a moderately divided Voronoi division pattern, when mounted on the screen of the image forming apparatus, the conductive mesh 40 is extremely moire while suppressing the occurrence of uneven density. It can be effectively inconspicuous.
In addition, since the antistatic layer is formed by dispersing conductive particles 52 made of antimony pentoxide particles in the resin binder 54 in a form having a coarse and dense structure in the antistatic layer 50, even if the addition amount is small, Excellent antistatic performance can be exhibited.

FIG. 2 shows the transparent conductive member 10 in the form of a composite filter (laminated body) including various functional layers 70.
The arbitrary functional layer 70 included in the composite filter is appropriately selected according to the image forming apparatus, and usually has a filter function for shielding radiation in a specific wavelength range emitted from the image forming apparatus including a plasma display panel. In other words, a layer provided with an optical function or a layer provided with other functions such as a protective function is used. More specifically, the layer having a filter function includes a layer having a function of absorbing neon light, a layer having a function of absorbing ultraviolet light (UV), and absorption in a specific wavelength range in visible light. Examples thereof include a layer having a color filter function having a spectrum. In addition, the layer having an optical function includes a low-strength layer such as a microlouver layer (contrast improving layer) composed of light-shielding portions arranged in stripes and a light-transmitting portion therebetween, magnesium fluoride, and a fluorine resin added with hollow silica particles. Examples thereof include an antireflection layer composed of a refractive index material layer, an antiglare layer composed of an acrylic resin coating to which silica particles are added, and the like. A contamination layer, an antistatic layer, etc. are mentioned.

The transparent conductive member (composite filter) 10 of FIG. 2 according to the present invention includes a hard coat layer that also serves as the antistatic layer 50 as an outermost layer.
Each layer included in the composite filter may be bonded to each other by using an adhesive layer 60, and the adhesive has various functions such as a function of absorbing neon light and a function of absorbing ultraviolet light (UV). One or more functions may be added.

Next, the antistatic layer 50 used in the present invention will be described in detail.
The antistatic layer 50 used in the present invention includes at least conductive particles 52 made of antimony pentoxide particles and a resin binder 54 made of urethane resin, and the antimony pentoxide particles have a dense structure as shown in FIG. It exists in a dispersed form.

The antimony pentoxide to be used is not particularly limited, but those having a pyrochlore type structure are preferable since they have high conductivity and can impart antistatic performance suitably with a small amount of addition.
The shape of the antimony pentoxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include rods, needles, columns, columns, true spheres, and irregular shapes.

The average primary particle size of the antimony pentoxide particles is preferably 10 to 100 nm. If it is less than 10 nm, the three-dimensional network structure may not be formed. When it exceeds 100 nm, there is a possibility that moderate aggregation does not occur and the above three-dimensional network structure cannot be formed, or the aggregates become large and haze increases. The average primary particle size is more preferably 30 to 70 nm.
The average primary particle size is a value obtained by measurement by the heterodyne method.

The antimony pentoxide particles may be aggregated, but the particle size of the aggregate is preferably smaller than the wavelength of light. That is, the average particle diameter of the aggregate of antimony pentoxide particles is preferably less than 380 nm, and more preferably 50 to 250 nm.
The average particle size of the agglomerates is a value obtained by measurement by a cross-sectional analysis method using SEM (scanning electron microscope).

  The content of the antimony pentoxide particles is preferably 15 to 70% by mass in the antistatic layer. If it is less than 15% by mass, a three-dimensional network structure is not formed, and the antistatic performance may be insufficient. When it exceeds 70 mass%, there exists a possibility that a haze may become high or the adhesiveness of the antistatic layer to a base material may fall. The content of the antimony pentoxide particles is more preferably 20 to 50% by mass in the antistatic layer.

It does not specifically limit as said urethane resin, The well-known thing obtained by reaction of a polyhydric alcohol and organic polyisocyanate can be mentioned.
Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol. , Tricyclodecane dimethylol, bis- [hydroxymethyl] -cyclohexane, etc .; the above polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids (for example, succinic acid, phthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, terephthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, tetrahydroanhydride) Polyester polyol obtained by reaction with phthalic acid, etc .; polycaprolactone polyol obtained by reaction of the polyhydric alcohol and ε-caprolactone; polycarbonate polyol (for example, 1,6-hexanediol and the like) Polycarbonate diols obtained by the reaction of phenyl carbonate); and, may be mentioned polyether polyols. Examples of the polyether polyol include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, and ethylene oxide-modified bisphenol A.

  Examples of the organic polyisocyanate include isocyanate compounds such as isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, dicyclopentanyl isocyanate, adducts of these isocyanate compounds, or these Examples include isocyanate multimers.

  Among these, the urethane resin is preferably a cured product of urethane (meth) acrylate obtained by reaction of the polyhydric alcohol and organic polyisocyanate with a hydroxy (meth) acrylate compound. In the present specification, (meth) acrylate represents acrylate and methacrylate.

Examples of the hydroxy (meth) acrylate compound include pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) ) Acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylol cyclohexyl mono (meth) acrylate, hydroxycaprolactone (meth) acrylate, and the like.
Of these, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate are preferable from the viewpoint of hardness.

The urethane (meth) acrylate preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and less than 10,000. If it is less than 1000, a three-dimensional network structure composed of antimony pentoxide cannot be formed, and the antistatic performance may be insufficient. If it is 10,000 or more, the aggregation of antimony pentoxide proceeds, which may cause haze deterioration and light transmittance reduction. There is also a possibility that the adhesiveness with the substrate is deteriorated. The weight average molecular weight is more preferably 1000 or more and 7000 or less.
The weight average molecular weight is a value obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method (polystyrene conversion).

The urethane (meth) acrylate is preferably 6 or more functional. If the urethane (meth) acrylate is less than 6 functional groups, the hardness of the hard coat layer may be reduced.
The urethane (meth) acrylate is more preferably 6-15 functional.

A commercially available product may be used as the urethane resin. Examples of commercially available products that can be used as the urethane resin in the present invention include those manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry: UV1700B (weight average molecular weight 2000, 10 functional), UV7600B (weight average molecular weight 1500, 6 functional), manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. : DPHA40H (weight average molecular weight 7000, 10 functional), UX5003 (weight average molecular weight 700, 6 functional), manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd .: UN3320HS (weight average molecular weight 5000, 15 functional), UN904 (weight average molecular weight 4900, 15 functional), UN3320HC (weight average molecular weight 1500, 10 functional), UN3320HA (weight average molecular weight 1500, hexafunctional), manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd .: BS577 (weight average molecular weight 1000, hexafunctional), and Shin Nakamura Chemical Industries, Ltd .: U15HA ( Weight average molecular weight 2000, 15 functional) etc. Can be mentioned.
Among these, UV1700B, DPHA40H, UV7600B, BS577, BS577CP, and UX5000 are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent antistatic performance, hardness, and adhesion to the substrate.
Furthermore, UV1700B and DPHA40H are more preferable in terms of adhesion performance with the base material after the durability test.

It is preferable that content of the said urethane resin is 30-70 mass% in the resin component of an antistatic layer. If it is less than 30% by mass, the proportion of antimony pentoxide increases, and the total light transmittance may decrease. Moreover, there exists a possibility that adhesiveness with a base material may deteriorate. In particular, the adhesion with the substrate after the durability test may be deteriorated. Further, when a low refractive index layer is further laminated, the adhesion with the low refractive index layer may be deteriorated. If it exceeds 70% by mass, antimony pentoxide does not take the above-mentioned three-dimensional structure, and the antistatic performance of the optical laminate of the present invention may be insufficient.
As for content of the said urethane resin, it is more preferable that it is 30-50 mass% in the resin component of an antistatic layer.

The antistatic layer may further contain a resin other than the urethane resin.
Examples of resins other than the urethane resin include, for example, ionizing radiation curable resins that are resins that are cured by ultraviolet rays or electron beams, ionizing radiation curable resins, and solvent-drying resins (such as thermoplastic resins). For example, it is possible to use a mixture with a resin that becomes a film only by drying the added solvent, or a thermosetting resin. More preferred is an ionizing radiation curable resin. In the present specification, “resin” is a concept including resin components such as monomers and oligomers.

  Examples of the ionizing radiation curable resin include compounds having one or more unsaturated bonds such as compounds having an acrylate functional group. Examples of the compound having one unsaturated bond include ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, styrene, methylstyrene, N-vinylpyrrolidone and the like. Examples of the compound having two or more unsaturated bonds include polymethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, hexanediol (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri ( Polyfunctional compounds such as (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentylglycol di (meth) acrylate, and the above polyfunctional compound and (meth) acrylate And the like (for example, poly (meth) acrylate esters of polyhydric alcohols) and the like. In the present specification, “(meth) acrylate” refers to methacrylate and acrylate.

  Examples of the ionizing radiation curable resin include relatively low molecular weight polyester resins having unsaturated double bonds, polyether resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, alkyd resins, spiroacetal resins, polybutadiene resins, and polythiol polyene resins. Can be used.

  The ionizing radiation curable resin can be used in combination with a solvent-drying resin. By using the solvent-drying resin in combination, it is possible to effectively prevent coating defects on the coated surface, thereby obtaining a more excellent glossy blackness. The solvent-drying resin that can be used in combination with the ionizing radiation curable resin is not particularly limited, and a thermoplastic resin can be generally used.

  The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited. For example, styrene resin, (meth) acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, vinyl ether resin, halogen-containing resin, alicyclic olefin resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester Resin, polyamide resin, cellulose derivative, silicone resin and rubber or elastomer. The thermoplastic resin is preferably amorphous and soluble in an organic solvent (particularly a common solvent capable of dissolving a plurality of polymers and curable compounds). In particular, styrene resins, (meth) acrylic resins, alicyclic olefin resins, polyester resins, cellulose derivatives (cellulose esters, etc.) are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent film forming properties, transparency and weather resistance. .

  Examples of the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, urea resin, diallyl phthalate resin, melamine resin, guanamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, aminoalkyd resin, melamine-urea cocondensation resin, silicon resin, polysiloxane resin, etc. Can be mentioned.

  Specific examples of the resin other than the urethane resin that can be contained as the binder resin include dimethylol triacrylate because it is excellent in scratch resistance and solvent resistance and can form a tough cured coating film. Cyclodecane diacrylate, (ethoxylated) bisphenol A diacrylate, (propoxylated) bisphenol A diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, (poly) ethylene glycol diacrylate, (ethoxylated) 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, (Propoxylated) 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, (ethoxylated) neopentyl glycol diacrylate, (propoxylated) neopentyl glycol diacrylate, hydroxypivalate neopentyl glycol diacrylate, pentaerythrito Rutri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ethylene oxide modified trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, propylene oxide modified trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tris (acrylic) Roxyethyl) isocyanurate, caprolactone-modified tris (acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meta) ) Acrylate, alkyl-modified dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, alkyl-modified dipentaerythritol Polyhydric alcohols such as tetra (meth) acrylate, alkyl-modified dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 1,2,3-cyclohexanetetra (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic Ester compound with acid; polyurethane poly (meth) acrylate, polyester poly (meth) acrylate, polyether poly (meth) acrylate, polyacryl poly (meth) acrylate, polyalkyd poly (meth) acrylate, polyepoxy poly (meth) Acrylate, polyspiroacetal poly (meth) acrylate, polybutadiene poly (meth) acrylate, polythiol polyene poly (meth) acrylate, polysilicon poly (meth) acrylate Polyfunctional (poly) acrylate compounds such as Among them, the hard coat layer is selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, and trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate. It is more preferable to further contain at least one kind of cured product.

The content of the resin other than the urethane resin is preferably 20 to 50% by mass in the antistatic layer. If it is less than 20% by mass, the film quality is weak, and there is a risk that scratches are likely to occur. Moreover, there exists a possibility that adhesiveness with a base material may deteriorate. If it exceeds 50% by mass, the antistatic performance may not be exhibited. Further, when another layer is laminated on the antistatic layer, the adhesion between the layers may be deteriorated.
The content of the resin other than the urethane resin is more preferably 30 to 40% by mass in the antistatic layer. The total content of the resin components in the antistatic layer is preferably 30 to 85% by mass.

  The antistatic layer may contain other components as necessary in addition to the above-described antimony pentoxide, a urethane resin, and a resin other than the urethane resin. Other components include photopolymerization initiators, leveling agents, crosslinking agents, curing agents, polymerization accelerators, ultraviolet absorbers, shock absorbers, viscosity modifiers, organic antistatic agents, inorganic antistatic agents, high A refractive index agent etc. can be mentioned.

The antistatic layer preferably has a layer thickness of 0.5 to 8 μm. If it is less than 0.5 μm, the pencil hardness and scratch resistance may deteriorate, and interference fringes may occur. In addition, since the total amount of particles per unit area is reduced, the antistatic property may be deteriorated. If it exceeds 8 μm, the haze is high and the total light transmittance may be low.
The layer thickness is more preferably 1 to 6 μm.

  The antistatic layer uses a hard coat layer composition prepared by mixing and dispersing the antimony pentoxide particles, the urethane resin, and, if necessary, a resin other than the urethane resin and other components in a solvent. Can be formed.

Examples of the solvent include water, alcohol (eg, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, s-butanol, t-butanol, benzyl alcohol, PGME, ethylene glycol), ketone (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl). Isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, heptanone, diisobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone), aliphatic hydrocarbon (eg, hexane, cyclohexane), halogenated hydrocarbon (eg, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), aromatic carbonization Hydrogen (eg, benzene, toluene, xylene), amide (eg, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, n-methylpyrrolidone), ether (eg, diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran) , And ether alcohol (e.g., propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), 2- [2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy] ethanol (TGME)) and the like.
Among these, the solvent is preferably ether alcohol in terms of good dispersibility of the antimony pentoxide particles.

  The method for mixing and dispersing is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. It is preferable to use a known device such as a paint shaker, a bead mill, or a kneader.

The antistatic layer is formed by applying the hard coat layer composition onto a transparent substrate to be described later to form a coating film, and drying the coating film as necessary, followed by curing. be able to.
Examples of the coating method include various known methods such as spin coating, dipping, spraying, die coating, bar coating, roll coater, meniscus coater, flexographic printing, screen printing, and bead coater. A method can be mentioned.
The drying method is preferably performed at 50 to 100 ° C. for 15 to 120 seconds.

  What is necessary is just to select suitably the method of hardening the said coating film according to the content etc. of the said composition. For example, if the composition is of an ultraviolet curable type, it may be cured by irradiating the coating film with ultraviolet rays.

  As described above, the antistatic layer used in the present invention is composed of specific components including antimony pentoxide particles and urethane resin, and the antimony pentoxide particles are dispersed in the antistatic layer in a form having a dense structure. Thus, an antistatic layer having excellent antistatic performance and optical properties can be obtained. Further, since the antistatic layer obtained in this way has a relatively low refractive index, when used as a hard coat layer, if a low refractive index layer is provided on the hard coat layer, interference fringes are formed. It can be set as the hard-coat laminated body which is hard to generate | occur | produce.

Next, the transparent electrode 20 will be further described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1A, in the present embodiment, the transparent electrode 20 has a sheet-like transparent base material 30 and a conductive mesh 40 provided on the transparent base material 30. .

  The transparent substrate 30 is a layer that supports the conductive mesh 40 and is appropriately configured so as to have appropriate strength and appropriate transparency. As an example, the thickness of the transparent base material 30 can be 20 μm to 150 μm, and the light transmittance of the transparent base material 30 may be 80% or more. As such a transparent substrate 30, for example, a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film can be used. The biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film is suitable for application as the transparent substrate 30 in that it has appropriate transparency and durability against ultraviolet irradiation treatment, heat treatment, and the like. As another example, the thickness of the transparent substrate 30 can be 500 μm to 10000 μm (1 cm). As such a transparent material, for example, glass such as soda glass and potash glass, transparent ceramics such as PLZT, and a quartz plate can be used.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the conductive mesh for the transparent electrode is formed as a line portion 44 formed in a net shape that defines a large number of opening regions 42. When the transparent conductive member is used as an electromagnetic wave shielding material, the line portion 44 forming the conductive mesh 40 is grounded at a position (usually a peripheral portion) (not shown), thereby overlapping the light output surface of the image forming apparatus. The arranged conductive mesh 40 shields electromagnetic waves from the image forming apparatus. Further, when used as a transparent electrode or auxiliary electrode of an EL image display device, it is electrically connected to a driving signal, an image signal, a power source or the like at a position not shown.
In addition, the design specifications of the transparent conductive member 10 vary depending on the application and usage.

When the transparent conductive member 10 is used as an electromagnetic wave shielding member, in order to give the transparent electrode 20 a sufficient electromagnetic wave shielding function, the size of the opening area 42 per one is set so that the opening area 42 made of a conductor is not deep. The cutoff frequency F _CUT when approximated to a short waveguide is greater than or equal to the maximum frequency F _{MAX of the} electromagnetic wave band to be shielded by the transparent electrode 20 (conductive mesh 40), that is,
F _CUT ≧ F _MAX
Set to be. First, for the sake of simplicity, when the shape of each open region 42 is approximated to a square (rectangle) having a side length of A,
F _CUT = C / (2A)
It becomes. However, in this case, the calculation is performed assuming a fundamental mode having a minimum frequency among various modes that can travel in the waveguide. Therefore,
F _CUT = C / (2A) ≧ F _MAX
The relationship of
C / (2F _MAX ) ≧ A
It becomes. Here, C in the formula is the speed of light (about 3.0 × 10 ⁺⁸ m / s ² ).

In the conductive mesh 40 described here, the actual shape of the individual opening regions 42 is not square but various, but approximately, the average value of the area of the opening regions 42 in the conductive mesh 40 is calculated as follows. It can be regarded as the length A _AVG of one side of the rectangular waveguide having the same area (hereinafter referred to as the size of the opening region 42). However, in order to reliably shield electromagnetic waves having a frequency equal to or lower than F _MAX in the entire open area, each A distributed in the range of A _{MIN to} A _MAX (the length of one side of the square having the same area as each open area is considered. since the maximum value a _MAX of be) should be designed so as to satisfy the C / (2F _MAX), after all,
C / (2F _MAX ) ≧ A _MAX
Thus, if the maximum frequency F _{MAX of the} electromagnetic wave band to be shielded is determined, the maximum value A _MAX of the size of the opening region 42 is determined. If F _MAX = 100 GHz, A _MAX ≦ 1.5 mm, and A _MAX ≦ 1.0 mm may be designed with some allowance. In view of securing the transmittance of image light (brightness of the screen) (an aperture area ratio of a certain level or more) and the difficulty of fine processing, A _MIN ≧ 0.1 mm is required at the minimum. From the above, assuming that the transparent electrode 20 is arranged and used on the image forming surface of the image display device, the average value A of the circumscribed circle diameter of the opening region 42 is 0.1 mm ≦ A _MIN ≦ A _MAX ≦ 100 μm ≦ A _MIN ≦ A _MAX ≦ 1000 μm may be set in units of 1 mm or μm. When the values of A _MIN and A _MAX are replaced with the value of the (unit opening) area of the opening region 42, the average area of the opening region is preferably in the range of 0.01 mm ^{2 to} 1 mm ² .

  In addition, in order to provide the transparent electrode 20 with a sufficient electromagnetic wave shielding function, it is necessary to reduce the sheet resistance of the conductive mesh 40. At the same time, since the conductive mesh 40 is located on the image forming surface (light exit surface) of the image forming apparatus, it is also necessary to have a high visible light transmittance. Therefore, by adjusting the width of the line portion 44 that forms the conductive mesh 40 while adjusting the area of each opening region 42, high visible light transmission can be achieved while keeping the surface resistance of the conductive mesh 40 low. It is also possible to secure the rate. Specifically, the total ratio of the areas occupied by the large number of opening areas 42 on the image forming surface of the image forming apparatus (image display panel) while adjusting the area of each opening area 42 to the above-described range. It is preferable to set the line width of the line portion 44 so that (hereinafter referred to as “aperture ratio”) is 50% or more and 95% or less. The specific line width can be selected in the range of about 1 μm to 100 μm, preferably 5 μm to 50 μm.

Various designs are possible for the relationship between the average value A _AVG of the size of the opening area 42 and the pixel P of the image display device. When it is desired to particularly reduce unevenness in the density of the conductive mesh, the average value A _AVG of the size of the opening region 42 is set to the smaller one of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the pixel P of the image display device T _MIN If so, set it to be smaller than the dimension of any one side)
A _AVG <T _MIN
It is preferable that Usually, A _AVG can be in the range of 0.1 × T _{MIN to} 0.7 × T _MIN . Further, when particularly obtaining the brightness (visible light transmittance) of the screen and the invisibility of the line portion 44, the average value A of the size of the opening region 42 is the larger of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the pixel P of the image display device. Set to the dimension T _MAX (or the dimension of one side if the pixel is square),
A _AVG ≧ T _MIN
It is preferable that Usually, A _AVG = 1.3 × T _{MIN to} 2.0 × T _MIN can be set.

The conductive mesh 40 as described above can be formed on the transparent substrate 30 by a conventionally known method such as the following (1) to (3).
(1) A method of laminating a conductive metal foil such as copper or aluminum on the transparent substrate 30 and etching the foil into a desired pattern.
(2) Conductive ink (for example, conductive ink in which conductive metal particles such as silver, copper and nickel are dispersed in a resin binder such as acrylic resin and polyester resin) is formed on the transparent substrate 30 in a desired pattern. How to print. If necessary, a thin film of high conductivity metal such as copper, silver, gold, or nickel may be further formed on the pattern surface of the conductive ink by plating or the like in order to further improve the conductivity.
(3) Printing in a desired pattern on the transparent substrate 30 with an ink containing an electroless plating catalyst such as palladium colloid particles in a resin binder, and copper, silver, gold on the surface of the printed pattern by an electroless plating method A thin film of high conductivity metal such as nickel is formed.
Note that the surface of the conductive mesh 40 formed by these methods has a metallic luster. Therefore, it is preferable to form a blackened layer made of a light-absorbing substance on the observer-side surface of the conductive mesh 40. The color tone of such a blackened layer is ideally black, but may be a chromatic or achromatic color with a low brightness such as gray, brown, amber, rosin, dark green, dark purple, etc. The material constituting the blackened layer may be selected from known materials. For example, carbon black (black), black iron oxide, copper oxide, particulate copper-cobalt alloy and the like can be used. .

  Next, a pattern (plan view pattern) of the conductive mesh 40 when observed from the normal direction to the sheet surface of the sheet-like transparent electrode 20 will be described with reference mainly to FIGS. To do.

As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the line portion 44 of the conductive mesh 40 includes a large number of branch points 46. The line portion 44 of the conductive mesh 40 is composed of a large number of boundary line segments 48 that form branch points 46 at both ends. That is, the line portion 44 of the conductive mesh 40 is composed of a large number of boundary line segments 48 extending between the two branch points 46. An opening region 42 is defined by connecting the boundary line segment 48 at the branch point 46. In other words, one opening region 42 is defined by being surrounded and divided by the boundary line segment 48.
It should be noted that the average value (average branch number) N _AVG of the number of boundary lines branched from one branch point 46 is 3 ≦ N _AVG <4. From the viewpoint of compatibility with the prevention of the above. In particular, 3 <N _AVG <4 is more preferable. With respect to the conductive mesh 40 illustrated in FIG. 3, a total of 387 branch points 46 are measured. As a result, the boundary line segment 48 has three branch points B and the boundary line segment 48 has four branch points B. 14 (the number of branch points where the number of branch line segments L to be branched is 5 or more is 0), and the average number of branch lines 48 from the branch point 46 is 3.04.
Strictly speaking, the average branch number N _AVG is calculated by checking the number of boundary line segments 48 that extend for all branch points 46 included in the conductive mesh 40. However, in actuality, the total number of boundary line segments 48 extending from one branch point 46 is considered in consideration of the size of the opening area 42 defined by the line portion 44 and the like. It extends about a branch point 46 included in a section having an area that can be expected to reflect a tendency (for example, in the conductive mesh in which the closed region 42 is formed in the above-described dimension example, a portion of 30 mm × 30 mm). An average value of the number of boundary line segments 48 to be output may be calculated, and the calculated value may be handled as the average branch number N _AVG for the conductive mesh 40.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, since the line portion 44 is composed only of the boundary line segment 48, the line portion 44 extends into the opening region 42 as in the conductive mesh of Patent Document 1, and reaches a dead end. There is no line portion 44. In other words, there is no circuit that is disconnected and opened as an electric circuit, and all the line portions 44 constitute a closed circuit. As a result, when the entire line portion 44 is considered as a circuit network, the maximum electrical conductivity can be obtained with the same covering area ratio and thickness of the conductor. According to such an aspect, it is possible to effectively realize simultaneously imparting sufficient conductivity and high visible light transmittance to the transparent electrode 20.

  By the way, when a transparent electrode having a conductive mesh having a square lattice pattern is arranged on the image forming apparatus, a striped pattern resulting from interference between the periodicity of the pixel array and the periodicity of the conductive mesh, that is, moire (interference). Stripes) may be visually recognized. Further, when the transparent electrode is arranged on the image forming apparatus together with the optical member in which the light absorbing portion is repeatedly arranged, it is caused by interference between the periodicity of the pixel arrangement, the periodicity of the light absorbing portion, and the periodicity of the conductive mesh. This makes it easier to see more complicated moire. When the moiré is visually recognized, the image quality of the image displayed on the image display device is significantly deteriorated.

  Here, FIG. 13 shows a conventional typical transparent electrode sheet 120 having a conductive mesh 140 formed in a square lattice pattern. FIG. 14 shows a state in which the transparent electrode sheet 120 of FIG. 13 is arranged on the image forming apparatus (image display panel) 80 having the typical pixel arrangement shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 14, when the conductive mesh 140 formed in a square lattice pattern is overlapped with the pixel array of the image forming apparatus 80, the regular (periodic) pattern and pixels of the conductive mesh 140. Due to the interference with the regular (periodic) pattern of P, light and dark streaks (running from the upper left to the lower right in FIG. 14) are visually recognized.

  In the example shown in FIG. 14, the arrangement direction of the square lattice formed by the conductive mesh 140 is inclined by 5 degrees with respect to the arrangement direction of the arrangement direction of the pixels P. Such an inclination is called a bias angle (degree), and is generally a technique widely used to make moire inconspicuous. However, in FIG. 14, as can be understood from the fact that the remaining striped pattern is still visible, the degree of moire generation is not determined solely by the bias angle, but in addition, between the pixel P and the conductive mesh 140. This also depends on factors such as the ratio of the repetition period and the line width of the conductive mesh 140.

  On the other hand, in order to prevent the occurrence of moire, in the conductive mesh 40 of the transparent electrode 20 according to the present embodiment, the opening area 42 surrounded by the five boundary segments 48 (when the opening area 42 is a polygon) Is equivalent to a pentagon), and is surrounded by an opening area 42 surrounded by six boundary line segments 48 (corresponding to a hexagon when the opening area 42 is a polygon) and seven boundary line segments 48. A plurality of at least two types of opening areas 42 (corresponding to a heptagon when the opening area 42 is a polygon) are included. In addition, in the conductive mesh 40 of the transparent electrode 20 according to the present embodiment, the periphery is surrounded by the same number of boundary lines 48 out of the five, six, or seven included in the conductive mesh 40. The shape or area (the area of the part surrounded by the boundary line segment) of the plurality of opening regions 42 is not constant. That is, when the conductive mesh 40 includes a plurality of opening regions 42 surrounded by the five boundary line segments 48, the plurality of opening regions defined by the five boundary line segments 48. When at least two of the 42 have different shapes or areas and the conductive mesh 40 includes a plurality of opening regions 42 surrounded by the six boundary segments 48, the six boundary segments At least two of the plurality of opening regions 42 defined by 48 have different shapes or areas, and the plurality of opening regions 42 surrounded by seven boundary segments 48 are formed in the conductive mesh 40. If included, at least two of the plurality of opening regions 42 defined by the seven boundary segments 48 have different shapes or areas. According to such an aspect, the pattern of the conductive mesh 40 can be effectively irregularized. Preferably, 50% or more of the opening regions having the same number of boundary line segments 48 surrounding each opening region 42 have different areas or shapes. More preferably, the opening areas having the same number of boundary line segments 48 surrounding the periphery are made to have different areas and shapes from each other over the entire area of the conductive mesh pattern. In other words, among the opening regions 42 included in the conductive mesh pattern, the shape and area of the opening region having the same boundary line segment surrounding the periphery are not all the same, and at least a part is different from the others. It means to become. Here, the number of boundary line segments 48 that surround the periphery coincides with the number of corners of the polygon when the opening region 42 is a polygon. Further, in the above description, even when the two opening regions 42 are congruent figures and have different directions, the shapes of the two opening regions are considered to be different from each other.

  As a result of intensive research, the inventors have not simply made the pattern of the conductive mesh 40 irregular, but rather the open regions 42, 6 surrounded by five boundary segments 48. At least two types of the opening area 42 surrounded by the boundary line segment 48 and the opening area 42 surrounded by the seven boundary line segments 48 are respectively included in the conductive mesh 40 and are electrically conductive. The conductive mesh 40 is formed so that the shape or area of the plurality of open regions 42 surrounded by the same number of boundary lines 48 out of 5, 6, or 7 included in the conductive mesh 40 is not constant. By defining this pattern, it is possible to make the moiré that can occur when the transparent electrode 20 is superimposed on the image forming apparatus 80 having the pixel arrangement extremely inconspicuous. And knowledge to be a.

  Generally, it has been considered that making the pattern of the conductive mesh 40 irregular is effective for making the moire invisible. However, according to research by the present inventors, even if the pattern shape and arrangement pitch of the conductive mesh 40 are simply made irregular, moire cannot always be made sufficiently inconspicuous.

  For example, in the conductive mesh disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-121974 (the above-mentioned Patent Document 2), there is no periodicity in the Y-axis direction in the two-dimensional XY plane, and as a result, The entire two-dimensional plane does not have a complete repetition cycle and can be viewed as an indefinite pattern. That is, by making the shape or arrangement pitch of the opening area partially irregular, the repeating regularity of the arrangement of the opening area can be specified at a constant repetition pitch in the vertical and horizontal directions. As compared with the square lattice arrangement of FIG. 13 arranged in the linear direction, the conductive mesh itself can be visually recognized as an irregular pattern as a whole. However, in the conductive mesh visually recognized as the irregular pattern, it has not been possible to make the moiré inconspicuous to the extent that it cannot be perceived. The reason why moire cannot be made inconspicuous effectively is considered to be because it still has a repetition cycle in the X-axis direction. That is, if a partial periodicity remains in any direction in the XY plane even partially, it is considered that moire occurs due to the residual periodicity.

  Further, as in WO2007 / 114076 (Patent Document 1 described above), each unit opening region has a completely irregular pattern in which the unit opening area has no repeating periodicity in both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the two-dimensional XY plane. If this is done, moire can be eliminated. However, when such a completely irregular pattern is adopted, a new problem occurs. That is, since the shape and area of each opening region are not uniform, when the entire conductive mesh is viewed, unevenness in shading is conspicuous in the appearance of the conductive mesh itself. This is a drawback in applications that are installed on the screen of an image display device. In addition to this, as a result of the line portions constituting the mesh being randomly arranged, there is a portion where the tip of the line portion is disconnected without being connected to other line portions and opened as a circuit. As a result, the electrical conductivity of the entire conductive mesh is lowered. The presence of such a broken portion not only contributes to the improvement of electric conductivity, but also causes a decrease in visible light transmittance, which is a major drawback for a transparent electrode.

On the other hand, when the pattern included in the conductive mesh 40 satisfies both of the following conditions (A) and (B) like the planar pattern of the conductive mesh 40 according to the present embodiment described here. In the pattern, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of moire and also to effectively prevent the occurrence of shading unevenness.
Condition (A): An opening region 42 surrounded by five boundary line segments 48, an opening region 42 surrounded by six boundary line segments 48, and seven boundary line segments 48. A plurality of at least two types of the surrounded open areas 42 are included.
Condition (B): The shape or area of the plurality of opening regions 42 surrounded by the same number of boundary lines 48 out of 5, 6, or 7 is not constant. That is, when a plurality of opening regions 42 surrounded by the five boundary line segments 48 are included, at least two of the plurality of opening regions 42 defined by the five boundary line segments 48 are included. Are defined by the six boundary line segments 48 when they have different shapes or areas and include a plurality of open regions 42 surrounded by the six boundary line segments 48. When at least two of the plurality of open regions 42 have different shapes or areas and include a plurality of open regions 42 surrounded by seven boundary segments 48, the seven open regions 42 are included. At least two of the plurality of opening regions 42 defined by the boundary line segment 48 have different shapes or areas.

  The effects achieved by the conductive mesh 40 satisfying the conditions (A) and (B) are in a range that can be predicted in light of the conventional state of the art that has simply implemented pattern irregularity as invisible moire. It can be said that this is a remarkable effect. The details of the reason why such a function and effect can be obtained by the conductive mesh 40 satisfying the conditions (A) and (B) are unknown, but it is presumed that the reason is as follows. Is done. However, the present invention is not limited to the following estimation.

  First, according to the condition (A), the arrangement of the opening regions 42 is an arrangement in which regularity of the shape and arrangement of each unit area is broken from a honeycomb arrangement in which regular hexagons having the same shape are regularly arranged, in other words, And, the arrangement and the arrangement of each unit region can be randomized with reference to the honeycomb arrangement. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of clear roughness in the arrangement of the opening regions 42, and it is estimated that a large number of the opening regions 42 can be distributed with a substantially uniform density, that is, with a substantially uniform distribution. The In addition, according to the condition (B), it is possible to sufficiently randomize the arrangement of the many opening regions 42. From these facts, it is presumed that both shading unevenness and moire can be effectively made inconspicuous.

  When the present inventors conducted extensive investigations, the arrangement of the open regions 42 was sufficiently randomized when the conditions (A) and (B) were satisfied. Furthermore, when the conditions (A) and (B) are satisfied, the arrangement of the opening regions 42 can be completely irregular, that is, there can be no direction in which the opening regions 42 are regularly arranged. As a result, it has been confirmed that both density unevenness and moire can be made extremely inconspicuous.

Here, FIG. 4 is a plan view for explaining a state in which there is no direction in which the opening regions 42 are regularly arranged, in other words, a state in which there is no direction in which the opening regions 42 are arranged with regularity. It is. In FIG. 4, on the sheet surface of the transparent electrode 20, a single virtual straight line d _i that faces an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary position is selected. This single line d _i intersects with the boundary line segment 48 of the line portion 42 to form an intersection. The intersections are illustrated as intersections C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ ,..., C ₉ ,. The distance between adjacent intersections, for example, the intersection C ₁ and the intersection C ₂ is the dimension T ₁ on the straight line d _{i of the} certain opening region 42. Next, another opening region 42 adjacent along the straight line d _i with respect to the opening area 42 with dimensions T ₁ likewise, is determined dimension T ₂ of the on linear d _i. Then, the linear d _i any direction at any position, from the boundary line 48. intersecting the straight line d _i, for a number of opening regions 42 to encounter any direction of linear d _i at an arbitrary position, on the straight line d _i T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ ,..., T ₈ ,. In addition, there is no periodicity (regularity) in the sequence of the numerical values of T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ ,..., T ₈ ,. That is, the opening regions 42 are arranged so as not to have regularity along the linear direction d _i ,
T _k ≠ T _{k + l} (k: arbitrary natural number, l: arbitrary natural number) Conditional expression (x)
It comes to satisfy. In FIG. 4, the _{T 1, T 2, T 3} , ······, T 8, ····· are the drawings below to facilitate understanding, the conductive mesh 40 with a straight line d _i Is drawn separately.

Further, when this straight line d _i is rotated by an arbitrary angle from that shown in FIG. 4 to determine the dimensions T ₁ , T ₂ ,... Of each opening region 42 in another direction, it is also shown in FIG. Similarly to the case, the conditional expression (x) is satisfied also in the direction of the straight line d _{i + 1} , and no repetitive periodicity (regularity) is observed in the dimensions T ₁ , T ₂ ,. Thus, when the opening region 42 satisfies the conditional expression (x) in any direction, there is no direction in which the opening region is regularly arranged, or there is a direction in which the opening region 42 has a repeating cycle. Or the arrangement of the open regions is not regular.

Moreover, when the present inventors investigated about the pattern of various electroconductive meshes 40, when the following conditions (C) are further satisfied in addition to the conditions (A) and (B), the conditions ( When C) and (D) were further satisfied, both the uneven density and the moire could be made less noticeable. Further, in addition to the conditions (A) and (B), when the following conditions (C), (D) and (E) are further satisfied, both the uneven density and the moire may be made less noticeable. did it. Such a tendency agrees with the above estimation and can be said to be a phenomenon that supports the above estimation.
Condition (C): A plurality of opening regions 42 surrounded by six boundary line segments 48 are included.
Condition (D): The opening region 42 surrounded by the six boundary line segments 48 is most often included. That is, the opening area 42 surrounded by the six boundary line segments 48 is included more than the opening area 42 surrounded by the other boundary line segments 48.
Condition (E): N _k is the number of open regions 42 surrounded by k boundary line segments 48,
When k is an integer satisfying 3 ≦ k ≦ 5, N _k ≦ N _{k + 1}
When k is an integer satisfying 6 ≦ k, N _k ≧ N _{k + 1}
It has become. That is, the largest number of the opening regions 42 surrounded by the six boundary line segments 48 are included, and as the number of the boundary line segments 48 surrounding the opening region 42 increases from six, the opening region 42 As the number of boundary line segments 48 surrounding the region decreases from six, the number of open regions 42 decreases.

  Strictly speaking, whether or not the conditions (A) to (E) are satisfied is investigated for all the open regions 42 included in the conductive mesh 40. However, in practice, the overall tendency of the number of boundary line segments 48 surrounding one opening region 42 in consideration of the size of each opening region 42 defined by the line portion 44 and the like. A boundary that surrounds the opening region 42 included in one section having an area that is expected to reflect (for example, in a conductive mesh in which the opening region 42 is formed in the above-described dimension example, a portion of 30 mm × 30 mm) The number of line segments 48 may be investigated to determine whether or not each condition (A) to (E) is satisfied. Similarly, regarding whether or not there is a direction in which the opening regions are regularly arranged, strictly speaking, the arrangement of the opening regions in an arbitrary direction is investigated in the entire region of the target conductive mesh. . However, in practice, a section having an area expected to reflect the overall tendency of the arrangement of the opening regions 42 (for example, in the conductive mesh in which the opening regions 42 are formed in the above-described dimension example). Is the arrangement of the opening regions 42 in each direction passing through the center of the 30 mm × 30 mm portion (for example, in the direction of every 15 ° in the conductive mesh in which the opening regions 42 are formed in the dimension example described above). It is sufficient to determine whether or not the opening regions exist in a regularly arranged direction.

  Actually, when the conductive mesh 40 of the transparent electrode 20 shown in FIG. 3 was investigated, as shown in FIG. 5, the conductive mesh 40 has four, five, six, seven, eight, 79, 1141, 2382, 927, 94, and 8 open regions 42 surrounded by the nine and nine boundary segments 48 were included, respectively. Further, the conductive mesh 40 did not include the opening region surrounded by three boundary line segments and the opening region 42 surrounded by ten or more boundary line segments 48. That is, the conductive mesh 30 shown in FIG. 3 satisfies the conditions (C), (D), and (E) in addition to the conditions (A) and (B).

  FIG. 7 shows a state where the transparent electrode 20 of FIG. 3 is arranged on the image forming apparatus 80 having the typical pixel arrangement shown in FIG.

  As can be understood from FIG. 7, when the conductive mesh 40 shown in FIG. 3 is actually produced and arranged on the pixel array of the image forming apparatus 80, a striped pattern that can be visually recognized, that is, Moire (interference fringes) did not occur.

  Here, an example of a method for producing the pattern of the line portion 44 of the conductive mesh 40 that satisfies the above-described conditions (A) and (B) will be described.

  The method described below includes a step of determining a generating point, a step of creating a Voronoi diagram from the determined generating point, and a boundary segment extending between two Voronoi points connected by one Voronoi boundary in the Voronoi diagram. And determining the pattern of the conductive mesh 40 (line part 44) by determining the thickness of the determined path to define each boundary line segment. Hereinafter, each step will be described in order. Note that the pattern shown in FIG. 3 described above is a pattern actually determined by the method described below.

  First, the process of determining a generating point will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 8, a first generating point (hereinafter referred to as “first generating point”) BP1 is arranged at an arbitrary position in the absolute coordinate system OXY. The absolute coordinate system referred to here is a normal two-dimensional space (plane), but is particularly called an absolute coordinate system in order to distinguish it from the relative coordinate system described later. Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the second generating point BP2 is arranged at an arbitrary position away from the first generating point BP1 by a distance r1 or more and a distance r2 or less. That is, the circumference of the radius r1 positioned on the absolute coordinate system OXY with the first generating point BP1 as the center, and the position on the absolute coordinate system OXY with the first generating point BP1 as the center. The second generating point BP2 is arranged in an annular region surrounded by the circumference of the radius r2. Here, the distance r1 is smaller than the distance r2 (r1 <r2), and when producing the conductive mesh shown in FIG. 3, the distance r1 was 160 μm and the distance r2 was 190 μm.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the third mother point BP1 is separated from the first mother point BP1 by a distance r1 or more and a distance r2 or less, and is further separated from the second mother point BP2 by a distance r1 or more. Point BP3 is arranged. Thereafter, the fourth generating point is arranged at an arbitrary position separated from the first generating point BP1 by a distance r1 or more and a distance r2 or less and further from the other generating points BP2 and BP3 by a distance r1 or more (not shown). ). In this way, until the next generating point cannot be arranged, it is separated from the first generating point BP1 by the distance r1 or more and the distance r2 or less, and in addition, the distance from the other generating points BP2, BP3,. The mother point is arranged at an arbitrary position separated by r1 or more. That is, the circumference of the radius r1 positioned on the absolute coordinate system OXY with the first generating point BP1 as the center, and the position on the absolute coordinate system OXY with the first generating point BP1 as the center. In the annular region surrounded by the circumference of the radius r2, the mother points are arranged until there are no positions apart from all the mother points except the first mother point BP1 by the distance r1 or more.

  Thereafter, this operation is continued based on the second generating point BP2. That is, it is separated from the second generating point BP2 by a distance r1 or more and a distance r2 or less, and further at an arbitrary position distant from the other generating points BP1, BP3, BP4,. Place the mother point. With reference to the second generating point BP2, the radius r1 positioned on the absolute coordinate system OXY is centered on the second generating point BP2 until the next generating point cannot be arranged. All the generating points other than the second generating point BP2 are included in the annular region surrounded by the circumference and the circumference of the radius r2 located on the absolute coordinate system XY with the second generating point BP2 as the center. The mother point is arranged until there is no position separated from the distance r1 by more than the distance r1. Thereafter, the base point as a reference is sequentially changed, and the base point is formed in the same procedure.

  With the above procedure, the mother point is arranged until the mother point cannot be arranged in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed. When the generating point cannot be arranged in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed, the step of generating the generating point ends. By the processing so far, the mother point group irregularly arranged in the two-dimensional plane (XY plane) is uniformly dispersed in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed.

With respect to the generating point groups BP1, BP2,..., BP6 (see FIG. 11A) distributed in the two-dimensional plane (XY plane) in such a process, the distance between the generating points is not constant but distributed. Have However, the distribution of the distance between any two adjacent generating points is not a complete random distribution (uniform distribution), but a range ΔR = between the upper limit value R _MAX and the lower limit value R _MIN across the average value R _AVG. It is distributed in R _MAX -R _MIN . Here, regarding two adjacent generating points, when a Voronoi diagram is created as described later from the generating point groups BP1, BP2,... It is defined that the generating points located in the two Voronoi regions XA are adjacent to each other. In FIG. 11 (A), a Voronoi boundary XB (see FIG. 12) obtained from these generating point groups is shown by a broken line for reference.

That is, with respect to the generating point group described here, a coordinate system having each generating point as an origin (referred to as a relative coordinate system oxy), on the other hand, an actual two-dimensional plane (coordinate system) is absolute as described above. 11 (B), FIG. 11 (C),... In which all the generating points adjacent to the generating point placed on the origin are plotted on the coordinate system O-XY). Find the mother point. When the graphs of the adjacent generating points on all the relative coordinate systems are displayed with the origins o of the relative coordinate systems superimposed, a graph as shown in FIG. 11D is obtained. In the distribution pattern of adjacent mother point groups on the relative coordinate system, the distance between any two adjacent mother points constituting the mother point group is not a uniform distribution from 0 to infinity, but larger than zero. It is distributed within a finite range from (R _AVG -ΔR) to (R _AVG + ΔR) (a donut-shaped region from radius R _MIN to R _MAX ).

  Thus, by setting the distance between each generating point, the Voronoi region XA obtained from the generating point group by the method described below, and further, one side of a square having the same area as the opening region 42 obtained from this region can be obtained. The distribution of the size of the opening region 42 (or the area of the opening region), which is the length, is not a uniform distribution (completely random) but is distributed within a finite range.

  Note that, in the step of determining the generating point, the size of the opening region 42 per one can be adjusted by changing the size of the distance r1. Specifically, by reducing the size of the distance r1, it is possible to reduce the size of the opening region 42 per one, and conversely by increasing the size of the distance r1, The size of the opening region 42 can be increased. Further, by changing the difference between the distance r1 and the distance r2, it is possible to change the size of the range in which the distance between two adjacent generating points is dispersed (ΔR in FIG. 11D). Specifically, by reducing the difference between the distance r1 and the distance r2, the variation in the distance between two adjacent generating points tends to be reduced.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 12, a Voronoi diagram is created based on the arranged generating points. As shown in FIG. 12, a Voronoi diagram is a diagram composed of line segments that are drawn at the intersection of two perpendicular bisectors by drawing a perpendicular bisector between two adjacent generating points. is there. Here, the line segment of the perpendicular bisector is called a Voronoi boundary XB, the intersection of the Voronoi boundaries XB forming the ends of the Voronoi boundary XB is called a Voronoi point XP, and a region surrounded by the Voronoi boundary XB is a Voronoi region Called XA.

  In the Voronoi diagram created as shown in FIG. 12, each Voronoi point XP forms a branch point 46 of the conductive mesh 40. Then, one boundary line segment 48 is provided between two Voronoi points XP forming the end of one Voronoi boundary XB. At this time, the boundary line segment 48 may be determined so as to extend linearly between the two Voronoi points XP as in the example shown in FIG. Various paths (for example, circle (arc), ellipse (arc), fence line, hyperbola, sine curve, hyperbolic sine curve, elliptic function curve, Bessel function curve, etc.) between the two Voronoi points XP without It may be extended by a broken line or the like. In addition, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 3, when the boundary line segment 48 is determined to connect the Voronoi points XP in a straight line, each Voronoi boundary XB defines the boundary line segment 48. become.

  After determining the path of each boundary line segment 48, the line width (thickness) of each boundary line segment 48 is determined. The line width of the boundary line segment 48 is, for example, in the range as described above so that the aperture ratio is in the above-described range, that is, the conductive mesh 40 exhibits desired electrical conductivity and visible light transmittance. Determined by value. As described above, the pattern of the conductive mesh 40 can be determined.

  According to the present embodiment as described above, the conductive mesh 40 of the transparent electrode 20 is formed from a large number of boundary segments 48 that extend between the two branch points 46 and define the opening region 42. An opening region 42 surrounded by five boundary segments 48, an opening region 42 surrounded by six boundary segments 48, and an opening region surrounded by seven boundary segments 48 At least two types of 42 are included in the conductive mesh 40, and the periphery is surrounded by the same number of boundary line segments 48 of five, six, or seven included in the conductive mesh 40. The shape or area of the plurality of opening regions 42 is not constant. As a result, when the transparent electrode 20 is overlaid on the image forming apparatus 80 in which the pixels P are regularly (periodically) arranged, stripe patterns (moire, interference fringes) and shading unevenness can be visually recognized. Occurrence can be effectively prevented.

  Note that various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the boundary line segment 48 of the conductive mesh 40 is formed in a straight line is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this. As described above, the boundary line segment 48 may extend between the two branch points 46 along various paths such as a curved line.

  Furthermore, the pattern design method for the conductive mesh 40 described above is merely an example. For example, the mother point may be arranged in the following procedure. First, as in FIG. 8, the first generating point BP1 is arranged at an arbitrary position in the absolute coordinate system OXY. Next, the second mother BP2 is arranged at an arbitrary position separated from the first mother point BP1 by the distance r. Thereafter, the third mother point BP3 is arranged at an arbitrary position separated from the first mother point BP1 by the distance r and further away from the second mother point BP2 by the distance r or more. Thereafter, the next mother point is sequentially placed at an arbitrary position away from the first mother point BP1 by the distance r and at any position away from all the mother points BP2 and BP3 other than the first mother point BP1 already arranged by the distance r. Place it. If it becomes impossible to arrange the mother point at the position separated from the first mother point BP1 by the distance r by the above procedure, then the second mother point is separated from the second mother point by the distance r and is already arranged. The next generating points are arranged in order at an arbitrary position at a distance r or more from all generating points other than the generating point BP2. In this way, with the second generating point BP2 as a reference, the generating point is arranged until the next generating point cannot be arranged. Thereafter, the base point as a reference is sequentially changed, and the base point is formed in the same procedure. With the above procedure, the mother point is arranged until the mother point cannot be arranged in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed. When the generating point cannot be arranged in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed, the step of generating the generating point ends. Even with such processing, irregularly arranged genera points can be uniformly dispersed in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed.

  Furthermore, the mother point can be arranged in the following procedure. First, as in FIG. 8, the first generating point BP1 is arranged at an arbitrary position in the absolute coordinate system OXY. Next, the second mother BP2 is arranged at an arbitrary position away from the first mother point BP1 by a distance r or more. Thereafter, the third generating point BP3 is arranged at an arbitrary position away from each of the first generating point BP1 and the second generating point BP2 by a distance r or more. Thereafter, the next mother point is sequentially arranged at an arbitrary position separated from the already arranged mother points by a distance r or more. With the above procedure, the mother point is arranged until the mother point cannot be arranged in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed. When the generating point cannot be arranged in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed, the step of generating the generating point ends. Even with such processing, irregularly arranged genera points can be uniformly dispersed in the region where the conductive mesh 40 is to be formed.

  Furthermore, in the pattern design method of the light-shielding mesh 40 described above, an example is shown in which a specific generating point is first drawn in a plane, and then the pattern of the conductive mesh 40 is formed as a Voronoi division pattern of the generating point. However, it is not limited to this. For example, the pentagonal and hexagonal opening regions 42 having different sizes and shapes are randomly drawn in a plane by hand, and each pentagon has no repetition period in any direction. The pattern of the light-shielding mesh 40 may be drawn by paying attention so that the hexagonal size (area or circumscribed circle diameter) falls within a predetermined range.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the above-described conditions (A) and (B), and further, the conditions (C) to (E) are satisfied in the entire region of the conductive mesh 40 of the transparent electrode 20. In the example, the direction in which the opening regions 42 are arranged with periodicity does not exist over the entire region of the conductive mesh 40 of the transparent electrode 20. However, the conditions (A) and (B) may be satisfied in a partial region included in the conductive mesh 40 of the transparent electrode 20.

  As typical modifications, a region that satisfies the above-described conditions (A) and (B), preferably a region that satisfies the above-described conditions (A) to (E), and further, the above-described conditions (A) to (E) And a region (unit mesh region) S that does not have a direction in which the opening regions 42 are regularly arranged is prepared, and a plurality of the regions S are aggregated so that the entire region of the conductive mesh 40 is configured. May be. That is, in this embodiment, two or more unit mesh regions S in which the opening region groups 42 are arranged in the same pattern are included in the entire region of the conductive mesh 40. In this example, the pattern of the conductive mesh in one region S can be created, for example, in the same manner as the pattern creation method described with reference to FIGS. It can be created in the same manner as the pattern creation method. In particular, recently, the display surface of an image display device has been increased in size as represented by a plasma display device. In particular, for such a large image display device, the conductive mesh 40 is composed of an array of a plurality of unit mesh areas, and the opening areas 42 have the same pattern in each unit mesh area. When it is set as the structure arranged, it is preferable in that the pattern creation of the conductive mesh 40 can be remarkably facilitated.

(Combination with coloring filter)
The transparent electrode 20 using the specific conductive mesh 40 according to the present invention substantially does not cause moiré with the pixel P and does not cause unevenness in density. However, although the detailed cause is currently unknown, when it is installed on the light exit surface of the image forming apparatus, a fine flicker may occur in the image depending on the conditions. In order to make such flickering inconspicuous, in the transparent electrode 20, in the transparent conductive member 10 having a laminated structure including the transparent electrode 20, or in an appropriate position in the image display device including the transparent electrode 20, in visible light. It is effective to provide a colored filter having an absorption spectrum in a specific wavelength range. The coloring filter may be an achromatic color (black to gray) or a chromatic color (blue, brown, green, etc.), but an achromatic color that has little influence on the color of the image is preferable.

(Use)
The transparent conductive member 10 of the present invention described above can be used for various applications. In particular, a plasma display (PDP) device used for a display unit of a television receiver, various measuring instruments and instruments, various office equipment, various medical equipment, computer equipment, telephones, electric signboards, various game machines, etc., a cathode ray tube It is suitable for application to an image display device such as a display (CRT) device, a liquid crystal display device (LCD), an electroluminescent display (EL) device, and a transparent electrode of a touch panel. In addition, the transparent conductive member 10 of the present invention is used for various household electrical appliances such as windows for buildings such as houses, schools, hospitals, offices, stores, etc., windows for vehicles such as vehicles, aircraft, ships, and windows for microwave ovens. It can also be used for a transparent electrode sheet that is used by being overlapped on a window or the like.

  Next, the hard coat layer which is the antistatic layer used in the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples (production examples).

(Production Example 1)
The mass ratio of UV curable urethane acrylate / pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) to UV curable conductive hard coat ink (manufactured by Pernox, product name; C4106, solid content of about 32%, antimony pentoxide dispersion) is 65. / 35 urethane resin (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd., product name; UV-7600B), and photopolymerization initiator as 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, The product name; Irgacure 184) was readjusted with the following mixed solvent A so that the solid content was 45% to obtain composition A for hard coat layer. Table 1 shows the blending ratio of the obtained composition A for hard coat layer.
The mixed solvent A is a four-component system of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and acetylacetone, and these are PGME / MEK / IPA / acetylacetone = 65/24/5. The mass ratio was / 6.
As the transparent substrate, the hard coat layer composition A was applied to the surface of the interference fringe countermeasure surface of a 100 μm thick PET film (Toyobo Co., Ltd., A1598) on which interference fringe countermeasures and easy adhesion countermeasures were applied. A coating film is formed by applying m ² as a target coating amount, heated in an oven at 70 ° C. for 1 minute to dry the coating film, and further, the coating film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 50 mJ / cm ^2. The coating film was cured to produce the hard coat laminate of Production Example 1.
In the hard coat layer of Production Example 1 containing antimony pentoxide, as shown in the cross-sectional SEM photograph (magnification 5000 times), antimony pentoxide is dispersed in a form having a dense structure in the antistatic layer. .

(Production Example 2)
Instead of UV-7600B, UN904 (Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd .; UV curable urethane acrylate / dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) = 80/20 mixture) and PET30 (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., PETA) A hard coat laminate of Production Example 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 7 and 3 was used.

(Production Example 3)
The hardware of Production Example 3 was the same as Production Example 1 except that UV1700B (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd .; a mixture of UV curable urethane acrylate / DPHA = 60/40) was used instead of UV-7600B. A coat laminate was prepared.

(Production Example 4)
The hardware of Production Example 4 was the same as Example 1 except that DPHA40H (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd .; UV curable urethane acrylate / DPHA = 60/40 mixture) was used instead of UV-7600B. A coat laminate was prepared.

(Production Example 5)
Hardware of Production Example 5 is the same as Production Example 1 except that BS577 (Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd .; UV curable urethane acrylate / PETA = 30/70 mixture) is used instead of UV-7600B. A coat laminate was prepared.

(Production Example 6)
A hard coat laminate of Production Example 6 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1, except that the amount of C4106 was increased from 26.025 parts to 50.5 parts.

(Production Example 7)
Instead of UV-7600B, a mixture of UV-7600B (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd .; UV curable urethane acrylate / PETA = 65/35) and PETA at a mass ratio of 60/40 was used. Except for this, the hard coat laminate of Production Example 7 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1.

(Production Example 8)
Instead of UV-7600B, a mass ratio of UV-7600B (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd .; mixture of UV curable urethane acrylate / PETA = 65/35) and M315 (manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd., monomer) is 60. A hard coat laminate of Production Example 8 was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that a mixture of 40 was used.

(Production Example 9)
A hard coat laminate of Production Example 9 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1 except that the amount of C4106 was increased from 26.025 parts to 78.0 parts.

(Production Example 10)
Hardware of Production Example 10 is the same as Production Example 1 except that UN904 (manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd .; UV curable urethane acrylate / DPHA = 80/20) is used instead of UV-7600B. A coat laminate was prepared.

(Comparative Production Example 1)
A hard coat laminate of Comparative Production Example 1 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1 except that PET30 (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd .; PETA) was used instead of UV-7600B.

(Comparative Production Example 2)
A hard coat laminate of Comparative Production Example 2 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1 except that DPHA (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd .; hexafunctional monomer) was used instead of UV-7600B.

(Comparative Production Example 3)
A hard coat laminate of Comparative Production Example 3 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1 except that BS371 (Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd .; epoxy acrylate) was used instead of UV-7600B.

(Comparative Production Example 4)
A hard coat laminate of Comparative Production Example 4 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1 except that M8030 (manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd .; polyester acrylate) was used instead of UV-7600B.

(Comparative Production Example 5)
A hard coat laminate of Comparative Production Example 5 was produced in the same manner as Production Example 1 except that the antistatic material was changed from antimony pentoxide to ATO.

The following items were evaluated for the hard coat laminate obtained above.
(Surface resistance measurement)
The surface resistance value of the optical layered body obtained above was measured with a Hiresta IP MCP-HT260 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation and evaluated according to the following criteria.
◎: Less than 1 × 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ ○: 1 × 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ or more and less than 10 ¹³ Ω / □ ×: 10 ¹³ Ω / □ or more

(Haze)
The PET substrate surface side is adhered to glass, and the haze of the hard coat laminate is measured by a method based on JIS K-7136 using a haze meter (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory, product number: HM-150). did.

(Adhesion)
About the adhesiveness of the film of the hard coat layer of the obtained hard coat laminate, the ratio of the number of cut parts remaining on the substrate after the tape was peeled from the original number of cut parts (100) by performing a cross-cut base eye test. Was evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: 90/100 to 100/100
Δ: 50/100 to 89/100
X: 0/100 to 49/100

(Pencil hardness)
Each hard coat laminate was conditioned for 2 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60%, and then using a test pencil (hardness HB to 3H) specified by JIS-S-6006, JISK5600-5-5 According to the pencil hardness evaluation method specified by No. 4 (1999), the pencil hardness of the surface on which the hard coat layer was formed was measured under a load of 4.9 N.

  Table 2 summarizes the compositions of the hard coat layers of the above Production Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Production Examples 1 to 5 and the performance according to the above evaluation.

  From Table 2, the hard coat laminated body of each manufacture example was excellent in antistatic property, and the haze was also favorable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Transparent conductive member 20 Transparent electrode, transparent electrode sheet 30 Transparent base material 40 Conductive mesh 42 Opening area 44 Line part 46 Branch point 48 Boundary line segment 50 Antistatic layer 52 Conductive particle 54 Resin binder 60 Adhesive layer 70 Arbitrary function Layer 80 Image display panel 120 Conventional transparent electrode sheet 140 Conventional conductive mesh (square lattice pattern)
XA Voronoi region XB Voronoi boundary XP Voronoi point

Claims (3)

A transparent conductive member in which a sheet-like transparent electrode and an antistatic layer are laminated,
The transparent electrode includes a transparent base material and a conductive mesh formed from a number of boundary line segments that extend between two branch points provided on the transparent base material and define an open region,
The conductive mesh has an opening area surrounded by five boundary lines, an opening area surrounded by six boundary lines, and an opening area surrounded by seven boundary lines. including the frequency,
The shape or area of the plurality of open regions surrounded by the same number of boundary line segments out of 5, 6, or 7 included in the region is not constant,
The average value (average branch number) N _AVG of the number of boundary line branches from one branch point is 3 < _NAVG <4,
The antistatic layer comprises antimony pentoxide particles and a urethane resin, and the antimony pentoxide is dispersed in the antistatic layer in a form having a dense structure. The transparent conductive member according to claim 1, wherein the region includes the largest number of opening regions surrounded by six boundary line segments. Of the open areas included in the area, the number of open areas surrounded by k boundary lines is N _k .
When k is an integer satisfying 3 ≦ k ≦ 5, N _k ≦ N _{k + 1} is satisfied,
If k is an integer satisfying 6 ≦ k, the _{N k} ≧ _{N k + 1,} a transparent conductive member according to claim 1 or 2.