JP5949174B2 - Machining center - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining center for performing an armless automatic tool change. More specifically, a table on which a workpiece is placed is placed on a slide base supported so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction, and an armless type automatic tool changer is provided. The present invention relates to a machining center provided.

 A slide base supported so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction has a table on which a workpiece is placed and a tool magazine having a plurality of tool holding parts in a disk shape. The tool magazine is also moved in the Y-axis direction. There is a machining center that performs armless automatic tool change (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

On the other hand, there is a machining center having a structure that separates a machining area and a tool magazine so that chips generated during machining do not enter the tool magazine in a machining center that performs armless automatic tool change. For example, in Patent Document 2, a movable opening / closing cover is provided on a magazine cover, and the opening / closing cover is closed to prevent intrusion of chips and the like.
Further, there is a horizontal machining center in which a tool magazine having a disk-shaped tool holding plate is fixedly installed, and a fixed cover for separating the tool magazine from a machining area is provided. For example, in Patent Document 3, the opening for tool replacement formed in the fixed cover is closed with a movable cover attached to the tool holding plate to prevent intrusion of chips and the like.

JP 2008-142891 A JP-A-7-112341 JP 2011-45947 A

  However, the configuration in which the opening portion of the magazine cover is opened and closed by the opening and closing cover of Patent Document 2 has a problem that the manufacturing cost increases. On the other hand, although the structure which provides a rotation cover in the tool holding plate of the cited reference 3 is a structure which obstruct | occludes an opening part by simple structure, chips etc. enter into non-working areas, such as a column movement area on a bed. It was not equipped with a function to prevent. In addition, since the opening is large, it is easy for chips and coolant to enter the tool magazine, and there is a risk that chips etc. will adhere to the tool adjacent to the tool to be replaced when the tool is replaced (tool mounted on the spindle). there were.

  Therefore, in view of such problems, the present invention provides a machining center including a shielding plate having a simple structure capable of preventing chips and coolant during processing from entering a non-machining region such as a tool magazine or a slide base rear portion. The purpose is to do.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 includes a bed having a sliding surface formed on the upper surface along the front-rear direction, a slide base supported so as to be movable back and forth on the sliding surface, and a slide. A table installed on the base for placing the workpiece, a spindle for rotating the tool mounted on the table, a spindle head for supporting the spindle, and a tool magazine for automatically changing the tool mounted on the spindle In a machining center equipped with an armless type automatic tool changer and a shielding plate that separates a machining area on the slide base side and a non-machining area on the tool magazine side, the spindle head is movable on the bed vertically and horizontally On the other hand, the armless type automatic tool changer has a tool gripping part for detachably gripping a tool with a taper shank part up. A tool magazine having a plurality of annular shapes and an indexing motor that rotates the tool magazine to index a desired tool gripping portion, and attaches / detaches the tool between the spindle head and the indexed desired tool gripping portion. The shield plate has a back plate erected on the slide base and side plates provided on the left and right sides of the back plate, and an opening through which the spindle head and the tool can pass. A closing member that closes the opening at at least one position of the tool gripping portion of the tool magazine, and the closing means is a plate member that is erected at a plurality of positions of the tool magazine and pivots together with the tool magazine. , a back and forth movement of the slide base, and vertical movement of the spindle head by the rotation of the tool magazine, by advancing the spindle head through the opening in the non-processing region where the tool magazine is arranged, armless type automatic Perform tool change with the tool changer and the main shaft, at least during the processing operation, closure means indexed to close the opening, characterized by isolating the machining area and the non-processing region.
According to this configuration, the opening provided in the shielding plate only needs to be able to pass the spindle head and the tool, and therefore may have a relatively small shape, and can be easily closed by the shielding plate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent chips and coolant from entering a non-machining region such as a tool magazine or the rear portion of the slide base during machining with a simple structure.

Further , an inexpensive armless type automatic tool changer can be obtained by a simple closing means.

Furthermore, since a plurality of closing means are provided, the indexing time can be shortened and the tool change time can be shortened.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to the first aspect , the indexing operation of the desired tool gripping portion by the indexing motor is started when the processing by the tool attached to the spindle is finished. To do.
According to this configuration, when the processing is finished, the tool gripping portion is indexed, so that the waiting time when the armless automatic tool changer is advanced is eliminated, and the tool change time can be shortened.

  According to the present invention, the opening provided in the shielding plate may have a relatively small shape as long as the spindle head and the tool can pass therethrough, and is easily blocked by the shielding plate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent chips and coolant from entering a non-machining region such as a tool magazine or the rear portion of the slide base during machining with a simple structure.

It is a side view which shows an example of the machining center which concerns on this invention, and has shown the state at the time of a process. It is A section enlarged view, and has shown the principal axis with sectional drawing. FIG. 2 is an explanatory perspective view of a part of the machining center in FIG. 1 extracted. The perspective view of a shielding board is shown, (a) is the figure seen from the process area side, (b) is the figure seen from the non-process area side. It is a perspective view of an ATC device. It is a front view of a tool magazine. FIG. 2 is an explanatory plan view showing a positional relationship between a tool magazine and a spindle head in the state of FIG. 1. It is a B section enlarged view. FIG. 2 is a side view of the machining center of FIG. 1 with a spindle head in a tool change position. FIG. 10 is an explanatory plan view showing the positional relationship between the tool magazine and the spindle head in the state of FIG. 9. It is a C section enlarged view.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments embodying the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of a machining center according to the present invention, and shows a side view of a state during processing. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 is the bed which comprises the base part of a machining center, 2 is the table which mounts a workpiece, 3 is the slide base for moving the table 2 back and forth, 4 is the main axis | shaft which rotates the tool T with which it mounted | mounted, 5 is the main axis | shaft 4 The main spindle head to be held, 6 is a main spindle head lifting / lowering body for moving the main spindle head 5 up and down, and 7 is an armless automatic tool changer (hereinafter simply referred to as “toolless automatic tool changer”) for accommodating a plurality of tools T and replacing the tool T mounted on the main spindle 4. (Referred to as an ATC device), 8 is a column that supports the spindle head lift 6, 9 is a stay that supports the ATC device 7, 11 is a region that separates the processing region from the non-processing region, and chips, coolant, etc. are moved to the non-processing region. It is a shielding plate that prevents the intrusion of water.

  In FIG. 1, the left direction in the figure is the front, and this direction will be described as the Y-axis direction, the left-right direction orthogonal to the Y-axis as the X-axis direction, and the up-down direction as the Z-axis direction.

The bed 1 has a flat upper surface, and a Y-axis sliding surface for sliding the slide base 3 in the front-rear direction is formed. A column 8 is erected on the rear portion of the Y-axis sliding surface, and a spindle head elevating body 6 is disposed above the bed 2 by being supported by the column 8.
Specifically, the column 8 erected from the rear part of the bed 1 is formed in a substantially L shape with the upper part bent forward, and an X-axis sliding surface is formed at the front end part facing forward. 12 is supported so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. The saddle 12 has a Z-axis sliding surface formed on the front surface, and the spindle head elevating body 6 is supported so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 1 and shows the periphery of the main shaft 4 in a cross section. As shown in FIG. 2, the tool T has a conical tapered shank portion 13 and a rod-shaped pull stud 14 at the upper portion, and the main shaft 4 holds the tapered hole 4 a and the pull stud 14 into which the tapered shank portion 13 is inserted. And a draw bar 4b for pulling and supporting. Since the configuration around the main shaft 4 is the same as that of the prior art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective explanatory view in which a part of the machining center is extracted, and shows the relationship among the table 2, the ATC device 7 and the shielding plate 11. E1 shown in FIG. 3 is a machining area in which the slide base 2 and the main shaft 4 are arranged, E2 is a non-machining area in which the tool magazine 20 is arranged, and both areas are isolated by the shielding plate 11.

4A and 4B are perspective views of the shielding plate 11. FIG. 4A is a diagram viewed from the front (processing region E1 side), and FIG. 4B is a diagram viewed from the rear (non-processing region E2 side). The shielding plate 11 has a back plate 11 a, a left side plate 11 b, and a right side plate 11 c and is formed in a substantially U shape. A rectangular opening 30 is provided at the upper center of the back plate 11. The opening 30 is formed with a width and height that allow the tool T mounted on the spindle head 5 and the spindle 4 to pass when the tool T is replaced. A band-shaped rubber piece 30a is attached to the left and right ends of the opening 30 to eliminate a gap when the opening 30 is closed with a closing plate described later.
Further, the lower portion of the back plate 11a has an inclined face plate 31 that is inclined forward to prevent chips and coolant from falling onto the bed 1 at the rear of the slide base 3 and the like. The shielding plate 11 is fixed to the slide base 3.

  In the shielding plate 11 shown in FIG. 3, the opening 30 is closed by a closing plate 23. The closing plate 23 is attached to the tool magazine 20 as will be described later.

  On the other hand, the ATC device 7 has a disk-shaped tool magazine 20 arranged horizontally, and the tool magazine 20 has a plurality of tool gripping portions 21 arranged in an annular shape. An indexing motor 22 that rotates the tool magazine 20 is disposed at the lower center of the tool magazine 20 as shown in FIG. The indexing motor 22 is fixed to the tip of the stay 9 extending from the back of the slide base 3, and the ATC device 7 is disposed obliquely above the rear of the slide base 3.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the ATC device 7 as viewed obliquely from the rear, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the tool magazine. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a closing plate 23 that closes the opening 30 of the shielding plate 11 is attached to one end of the tool magazine 20. The closing plate 23 is formed in a rectangular shape that matches the opening 30.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory plan view showing the positional relationship between the tool magazine 20 and the spindle head, and FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. In a state where the opening 30 is closed by the closing plate 23, the opening 30 can be closed simply by rotating and indexing the tool magazine 20 to a predetermined position where the closing plate 23 matches the opening 30 as shown in FIG. 7. And as shown in FIG. 8, the opening part 30 is closed without a gap | interval, when the closing plate 23 contact | abuts to the rubber piece 30a attached to the circumference | surroundings of the opening part 30. FIG.
The tool magazine 20 includes a large number of tool gripping portions 21, and FIG. 7 shows the state. However, the tool magazine 20 shown in FIG. 7 is a tool gripped by the tool gripping portion 21 and the tool gripping portion 21. Only part of T is shown. Further, as shown in FIG. 11 described later, the width of the opening 30 provided with the rubber piece 30a is formed substantially the same as the diameter W of the spindle head 5, and the opening 30 is the minimum width through which the spindle head 5 can pass. It is formed with. The tool T is formed with a smaller diameter than the spindle head 5.

The flow of tool change in the machining center configured as described above is as follows. 9 is a side view of the machining center with the spindle head 5 in the tool change position, FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the relationship between the tool magazine 20 and the spindle head 5 in this state, and FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion C in FIG. Each will be shown and described with reference to these figures.
When exchanging the tool T, the spindle head 5 moves to a predetermined position on the X-axis and to a predetermined height (first predetermined position), and the slide base 3 moves forward. 11 is passed through the opening 30 and the tool is changed. FIG. 9 shows the operating state of this tool change. Further, the position of the spindle head 5 shown in FIG. 7 is in a state of being arranged at a first predetermined position where the spindle head 5 is arranged in front of the opening 30.

Specifically, the spindle head 5 is positioned at the first predetermined position by the movement of the saddle 12 in the X-axis direction and the movement of the spindle head elevating body 6 in the Z-axis direction. The first predetermined position is a state in which the spindle head 5 is disposed in front of the opening 30. In parallel, the indexing motor 22 rotates the tool magazine 20 to move the closing plate 23 to open the opening 30, and at the same time, a desired tool gripping part (tool gripping the tool T mounted on the spindle) Part) and positioned behind the opening 30. Further, the slide base 3 is moved forward (Y-axis direction) to position the ATC device 7 at a predetermined position (second predetermined position).
A state in which the spindle head 5 is disposed at a position P immediately before the opening 30 shown in FIG. 11 is a state in which the ATC device 7 is moved to the second predetermined position.

Thereafter, by moving the slide base 3 further forward, the spindle head 5 passes through the opening 30 of the shielding plate 11 and moves to the tool change position indicated by Q in FIG. The tool T attached to the spindle 4 is gripped by the tool gripper 21 by this moving operation.
Upon receiving this grip, the tool grip by the spindle 4 is released and the head 5 is raised (moved in the Z-axis direction). In this way, the tool T moves from the spindle 4 to the tool magazine 20 and enters the mounting operation of the tool T to be used next.

The mounting operation of the tool T is performed by rotating the tool magazine 20 with the spindle head 5 raised, indexing the desired tool T to the replacement position, and lowering the spindle head 5.
When the tool change is completed in this manner, the spindle head 5 is pulled out from the opening 30 and moved to the machining area E1 by moving the slide base 3 backward (moving in the Y-axis direction). Thereafter, processing of the workpiece is continued.

  On the other hand, in the ATC device 7, the indexing motor 22 rotates the tool magazine 20 to dispose the closing plate 23 in the opening 30 and close the opening 30. In this way, the tool is changed, and the opening 30 is always closed during processing.

As described above, the opening 30 provided in the shielding plate 11 may have a relatively small shape as long as the spindle head 5 and the tool T can pass therethrough, and can be easily closed by the shielding plate 11. Therefore, it is possible to prevent chips and coolant from entering the non-machining region E2 such as the tool magazine 20 or the rear portion of the slide base 3 during machining with a simple structure.
Further, the closing plate 23 may be a plate member having a simple shape, and the armless automatic tool changer 7 can be configured at low cost.

In the above embodiment, one closing plate 23 is installed in the tool magazine 20, but it may be provided in a plurality of locations in the tool magazine 20, and by providing a plurality of closing plates, the indexing time can be shortened, and the tool can be changed. You can save time.
The indexing operation of the desired tool gripping part 21 by the indexing motor 22 may be started when the machining by the tool T attached to the spindle 4 is completed, and the waiting time for advancing the ATC device is eliminated, and the tool Exchange time can be shortened.

  1 .... bed, 2 .... table, 3 .... slide base, 4 .... spindle, 5 .... spindle head, 7 .... ATC device (armless automatic tool changer), 11 .... shielding plate, 11a ... Back plate, 11b ... right side plate, 11c ... left side plate, 13 ... taper shank part, 20 ... tool magazine, 21 ... tool gripping part, 22 ... indexing motor, 23 ... closing plate (closing means) ), 30 .. opening.

Claims (2)

A bed having a sliding surface formed on the upper surface along the front-rear direction, a slide base supported so as to be movable back and forth on the sliding surface, and placed on the slide base to place a workpiece A table, a spindle that rotates a tool mounted on the upper part of the table, a spindle head that supports the spindle, an armless automatic tool changer that includes a tool magazine and automatically changes a tool that is mounted on the spindle; In a machining center provided with a shielding plate that separates a machining area on the slide base side and a non-machining area on the tool magazine side,
While the spindle head is supported by a column erected on the back of the sliding surface on the bed so as to be movable up and down and left and right,
The armless type automatic tool changer includes a tool magazine provided with a plurality of annular tool grips for detachably gripping a tool with a taper shank portion up, and a desired tool gripping portion by rotating the tool magazine. An indexing motor for indexing, and performing a tool change by performing a tool mounting / dismounting operation between the spindle head and the indexed desired tool gripping part,
The shield plate has a back plate erected on the slide base and side plates provided on the left and right of the back plate, while providing the back plate with an opening through which the spindle head and a tool can pass. A closing means for closing the opening at at least one position of the tool gripping portion of the tool magazine;
The closing means is a plate member that is erected at a plurality of locations of the tool magazine and pivots together with the tool magazine,
By moving the slide base back and forth, moving the spindle head up and down, and rotating the tool magazine, the spindle head enters the non-working area where the tool magazine is disposed from the opening, and Tool exchange between the armless type automatic tool changer and the spindle,
The machining center characterized in that at least during the machining operation, the closing means is indexed to close the opening and to isolate the machining area from the non-machining area. Said indexing operation desired of the tool gripping portion by indexing motor, a machining center according to claim 1, wherein the machining by the tool mounted on the spindle is started upon completion.

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