JP5940962B2 - Oscillation measuring instrument and oscillation measuring method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a motion measuring instrument for measuring the motion of a railway vehicle.

  Measuring the sway of transport equipment such as railway vehicles, automobiles, ships, and aircraft is important as a means of grasping transport comfort, managing safe operation, and quickly detecting abnormalities in the body, hull, and aircraft. Has been.

Various motion measuring instruments have also been proposed in the railway field. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a vehicle sway measurement device for determining stoppage of a railway vehicle.
Patent Document 2 describes a technique for accurately determining abnormal swing caused by a vehicle body failure or the like by measuring the triaxial acceleration of a running railway vehicle.

JP 2012-106554 A JP 2006-335320 A

  Conventional vibration measuring instruments continuously measure and record acceleration, for example, graph display showing time-series changes in measurement data, and calculation and display of statistical values such as maximum acceleration and average acceleration in the direction of each measurement axis. It is common to do. However, even if the measured acceleration is displayed in a graph, it is impossible to correctly understand what it means by looking at the graph unless you are an expert in measurement. For example, if acceleration of sudden deceleration is measured, it is impossible to make a practical and practical evaluation of how much a passenger feels to “fall down”.

  An object of the present invention is to make it possible to clearly identify the degree of shaking of a railway vehicle. More specifically, for example, it is to realize a device that can replace the “Yoshida type vehicle sway measuring instrument” used in the practical test of the “powered vehicle operator driving license” or the like.

The first invention for solving the above problems is to simulate the fall of a cuboid-shaped rigid body installed in a railway vehicle and installed in an upright state with the thickness direction directed to the measurement direction, thereby preventing the railway vehicle from being shaken. A measuring instrument for measuring motion,
An acceleration sensor (for example, the acceleration sensor 116 in FIG. 1 and the acceleration measuring unit 130 in FIG. 11);
One low-frequency passage set in common for a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same predetermined height and width and different thickness, which simulate the rigid bodies (for example, the measuring pieces 34a, 24b,... In FIG. 6). A low-pass filter for filtering the detection signal of the acceleration sensor based on the band (for example, the control board 110 in FIG. 1, the CPU 112, the arithmetic unit 140 in FIG. 11, the low-pass filter unit 145, and step S6 in FIG. 14);
Based on the signal filtered by the low-pass filter, determination means for determining whether or not the static overturning condition of each virtual rigid body is satisfied (for example, the control board 110, the CPU 112 in FIG. 1, and the arithmetic unit 140 in FIG. 11). , Determination unit 147, and step S22) of FIG.

Also, as another form, a vibration measurement method using a vibration measuring instrument equipped with an acceleration sensor for simulating the falling of a cuboid rigid body installed in an upright state with the thickness direction directed to the measurement direction and measuring the vibration of a railway vehicle The acceleration sensor detection signal is low-passed based on a single low-pass band that is commonly set for a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same predetermined height and width and different thickness, which simulate the rigid body. Steps for filtering (for example, steps S6 and S22 in FIG. 14);
And a determination step (for example, step S22 in FIG. 14) for determining whether or not the static falling condition of each virtual rigid body is satisfied based on the low-pass filtered signal. be able to.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the value measured by the acceleration sensor is set to one low-pass band that is commonly set for a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same predetermined height and width and different thicknesses that simulate the rigid body. Based on the result, it is possible to determine whether or not the static toppling condition of each virtual rigid body is satisfied based on the result. That is, it is possible to identify the degree of swaying in a form that is obvious at a glance as to which rigid body has fallen.

  Here, if the rigid body to be simulated is the “measurement piece” of the “Yoshida type vehicle vibration measurement device”, the “Yoshida type vehicle vibration measurement device” can be reproduced and replaced by digital technology. The “Yoshida-style vehicle sway measuring instrument” is still used in the skill test of the “powered vehicle operator driver's license”, which is a railway driver qualification (national qualification). However, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a technology that can respond to this problem.

  With regard to the low-pass filter, as a second invention, a critical acceleration that is a minimum acceleration required for the virtual rigid body to fall is determined in the thickness direction, regardless of whether the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter is the thickness of the virtual rigid body. The oscillation measuring instrument according to the first aspect of the present invention can be configured based on the fall arrival time when the time until the fall is assumed to be constant when added to.

  As a third aspect of the invention, the low-pass filter can constitute the fluctuation measuring instrument according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the cutoff frequency is set to one of 2.0 to 3.0 Hz.

  Furthermore, as a fourth invention, the low-pass filter can constitute the oscillation measuring instrument according to any one of the first to third inventions, in which a cutoff frequency is set to 2.5 Hz.

  Further, as a fifth aspect of the invention, there is a selection means for selecting a set of a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same height and width but different thicknesses, and selecting one set from a plurality of types of sets (for example, FIG. The touch panel 102, the operation input key 104, the operation input unit 128 in FIG. 11, the calculation unit 140, the virtual rigid body selection unit 143, the virtual rigid body set data 154, and step S4 in FIG. 14 are further provided, and the low-pass filter includes the selection unit. Regardless of the set selected by the above, it is possible to constitute the fluctuation measuring instrument according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, which is set to a common cutoff frequency.

The figure which shows the structural example of a fluctuation measuring device. The figure for demonstrating the static fall model in shaking measurement. The figure explaining the process of calculating time (DELTA) t in which a virtual rigid body in a shake measurement changes from a stationary state to a fall start state. The figure for demonstrating the setting principle of the cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter in fluctuation measurement. The figure which shows the example of a display of the fluctuation measurement result on a touch panel. The perspective external view of a Yoshida type vehicle sway measuring instrument. The table | surface which shows the relationship between the item in the various virtual rigid bodies which imitated the measurement piece of the Yoshida type vehicle vibration measuring device, and the limit acceleration Ax. The table | surface which shows time (DELTA) t until the gravity center G of each virtual rigid body passes the perpendicular line (line segment OC) which passes along the rotation center O when each acceleration is added. The graph which shows the relationship between the said acceleration and time (DELTA) t when different acceleration is added about each virtual rigid body. The graph which shows an example of the frequency gain by a FIR type digital filter. The functional block diagram which shows the functional structural example of a fluctuation measuring device. The figure which shows the data structural example of virtual rigid body set data. The figure which shows the data structural example of virtual rigid body set data. The flowchart for demonstrating the flow of the process which concerns on fluctuation measurement.

[First Embodiment]
An embodiment for realizing a fluctuation measuring instrument to which the present invention is applied using a computer will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a fluctuation measuring instrument 100 in the present embodiment, (1) a front view and (2) a side view. The sway measuring instrument 100 is a device that is mounted on the railway vehicle 4 that travels along the track 3 and that measures swaying motion while traveling. The sway measuring instrument 100 includes a touch panel 102, operation input keys 104, a built-in battery 106, and a control board 110.

The touch panel 102 is an input device that serves as both a display device and a touch operation device. In addition, operation input information, measurement results of shaking, and the like can be displayed.
The operation input key 104 is realized by a button switch, dial, lever, or the like, and can perform various operation inputs.

  The control board 110 includes various microprocessors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 112, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), and a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), and various IC memories such as a VRAM, a RAM, and a ROM. 114, the acceleration sensor 116, and a communication module 118 for realizing data communication with an external device. In addition, a so-called I / F circuit (interface circuit) called a display driver circuit of the touch panel 102 and a circuit that receives signals from input devices such as the operation input keys 104 and the touch panel 102 is mounted. Each element mounted on the control board 110 is electrically connected via a bus circuit or the like, and is connected so as to be able to read / write data and transmit / receive signals.

  The acceleration sensor 116 is a known sensor that can simultaneously measure accelerations in three orthogonal axes of the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis. In the present embodiment, the measurement direction X-axis is arranged along the front-rear direction of the measuring instrument, and the positive X-axis direction is the vehicle traveling direction. Note that the acceleration sensor 116 is not necessarily provided in the fluctuation measuring device 100. For example, the structure connected to a measuring device main body via a cable may be sufficient.

[Description of Principle]
2-4 is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the fluctuation measurement in this embodiment. Here, the measurement is performed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle as an object to be measured, and the acceleration in the X-axis direction will be described as an example. However, in the case of measuring the fluctuation in the lateral direction of the vehicle, the acceleration in the Y-axis direction is In the case of measuring the fluctuation in the vertical direction, the fluctuation measurement in the desired direction can be realized by similarly applying the acceleration in the Z-axis direction.

  Now, the conventional vibration measurement device measures and records acceleration while the vehicle is running, and calculates, for example, a graph display showing time-series changes in measurement data, and statistical values such as maximum acceleration and average acceleration in each measurement axis direction. Is generally displayed. However, the fluctuation measuring apparatus 100 of the present embodiment can clearly identify the degree of fluctuation at a glance.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the phenomenon in which the passenger 6 swings under rapid acceleration is regarded as a static overturning model of the virtual rigid body 7. The motion measuring instrument 100 passes the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor 116 through a low-pass filter. Then, the fluctuation is measured by comparing the value of the acceleration that has passed through the filter and the limit acceleration Ax at which the virtual rigid body falls statically.

  First, preconditions are described. The virtual rigid body 7 has a solid rectangular shape with a weight M (g), and has specifications of a thickness B (mm), a height H (mm), and a width L (not shown) along the falling force F. Shall. It is assumed that a static overturning force F acts on this and tilts clockwise around the lower end O in the direction of the overturning force F (rightward in the example of FIG. 2).

The overturning moment to try to overturn the virtual rigid body 7 is expressed by equation (1).
F x H / 2 ··· Formula (1)
On the other hand, the moment against the fall is represented by equation (2).
W × B / 2 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Formula (2)

The fall condition for the virtual rigid body 7 to fall can be described as (F × H / 2)> (W × B / 2).
If the overturning force F is described using the acceleration Ax in the X-axis direction, (F = M · Ax) is obtained. If the load W acting on the center of gravity G of the virtual rigid body 7 is described using the gravitational acceleration Ag, (W = M · Ag). Therefore, the overturning condition can be summarized as Equation (3).
(H / 2) × Ax> (B / 2) × Ag Expression (3)
Here, when attention is paid to the acceleration Ax in the X-axis direction, Expression (4) is derived. In this specification, this is referred to as “limit acceleration” in which the virtual rigid body 7 statically falls. B / H is referred to as “tumbling coefficient K”.
Ax = Ag · B / H ··· Equation (4)

Next, calculation of the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter applied to the measurement value measured by the acceleration sensor 116 will be described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a process of calculating a time Δt during which the virtual rigid body 7 transitions from the stationary state (time t0) to the fall start state (time t1). The rotational force F ′ that acts on the center of gravity G of the virtual rigid body 7 to rotate about the rotation center O in the overturning direction and the rotational force W ′ against the overturning rotate by satisfying the overturning condition F ′> W ′. Will continue. Therefore, the rotational force of the subtraction to be overturned can be described as (F′−W ′). Therefore, if the fall of the virtual rigid body 7 is regarded as “a phenomenon in which the center of gravity G moves linearly to the vertical line (line segment OC) of the rotation center O”, the velocity V of the center of gravity G in the fall start state (time t1) is ).
V = 1/2 · (F′−W) / M · Δt (5)

Here, focusing on the change in the acceleration of the rotational force F ′, the acceleration (F ′ / M) of the rotational force F ′ is (F ′ / M = Ax · cosφ) in a stationary state (time t0). In the fall start state (time t1), (F ′ / M = Ax) is obtained. Therefore, the acceleration (F ′ / M) of the rotational force F ′ can be replaced with “average acceleration F ′ / M = 1/2 · Ax · (cosφ + 1)”.
Similarly, the acceleration (W ′ / M) of the rotational force W ′ against the fall is W ′ / M = Ag · sinφ in the stationary state (time t0), but in the fall start state (time t1), W ′ / M = Ag · sinφ. '/ M = 0. Therefore, the acceleration (W ′ / M) of the rotational force W ′ can be replaced with “average acceleration W ′ / M = 1/2 · Ag · sinφ”.

Therefore, the equation (5) of the velocity V obtained previously can be rewritten as the equation (6), and further arranging, the equation (7) is obtained.
V = 1/2 · {1/2 · Ax · (cosφ + 1) −½ · Ag · sinφ} · Δt
... Formula (6)
V = 1/4 · {Ax · (cosφ + 1) −Ag · sinφ} · Δt (7)

Furthermore, since it can be described as “velocity V = tan φ · r / Δt” from the geometrical relationship, Expression (7) can be rewritten into Expression (8), and further rearranged, Expression (9) can be obtained.
Δt ² = 4r · tanφ / {Ax · (cosφ + 1) −Ag · sinφ} (8)
Δt = 2 · √ [r · tanφ / {Ax · (cosφ + 1) −Ag · sinφ}]
... Formula (9)

  Then, as shown in FIG. 4, focusing on the time Δt from the equations (9) and (4), “if the duration time of the force F that tries to overturn the virtual rigid body 7 is less than Δt, the force F Even if the duration of the generated acceleration in the X-axis direction exceeds the limit acceleration Ax, it can be said that the virtual rigid body 7 rocks but does not fall. Then, it can be seen that the time Δt required for the overturn is determined by the specifications (thickness B, height H) of the virtual rigid body 7 and the constant Ag (gravity acceleration).

Here, it is considered whether the force F that causes the virtual rigid body 7 to fall, that is, the acceleration of the rotational force F ′, can be regarded as a component of a certain frequency. Then, although it is (F ′ / M = Ax · cosφ) in the stationary state (time t0), in the fall start state (time t1), when changing from (F ′ / M = Ax), If the speed is compared to a sine wave, it can be considered that the time Δt corresponds to a quarter period of the sine wave, and therefore the frequency f as shown in equation (10) can be obtained.
f = 1 / T = 1 / (4 · Δt) Expression (10)

  Therefore, “if the duration time of the force F to cause the virtual rigid body 7 to fall is less than Δt, even if the duration time of the acceleration in the X-axis direction that generates the force F exceeds the limit acceleration Ax, Although the rigid body 7 locks but does not fall, it can be rephrased as “the virtual rigid body 7 locks but does not fall even if acceleration in a band of frequency f or higher is applied”.

  Therefore, the fluctuation measuring apparatus 100 of the present embodiment passes the X-axis acceleration Dx measured by the acceleration sensor 116 through the low-pass filter (LPF) 132 having the frequency f obtained by Expression (10) as a cutoff frequency. If the obtained value Dxp is equal to or greater than the limit acceleration Ax of the virtual rigid body 7, it is determined that “the virtual rigid body falls”, and if it is less than the limit acceleration Ax, it is determined that “the virtual rigid body does not fall”. The low-pass filter 132 may be realized as hardware by a filter circuit or may be realized as software by the arithmetic processing of the CPU 112. In the present embodiment, the latter will be described as being adopted.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a display example of the fluctuation measurement result on the touch panel 102. As shown in FIG. 5A, the fluctuation measuring apparatus 100 of the present embodiment displays an image of a display model 8 (8a, 8b,...) Representing the virtual rigid body 7 upright as an initial state at the start of measurement on the touch panel 102. indicate. In this example, the display model 8 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and is represented as viewed from directly above. Then, when it is determined that “the virtual rigid body falls” during the measurement, the fluctuation measuring device 100 performs display control so that the display model 8 (8a, 8b,...) Of the determined virtual rigid body 7 falls.

  The direction of falling follows the setting of the vehicle traveling direction on the screen. In the present embodiment, the upper side of the touch panel 102 is assumed to be “front” in the vehicle traveling direction. Therefore, when the value of the X-axis direction acceleration Dxp that has passed through the low-pass filter is “minus”, that is, when it is determined that the “virtual rigid body falls” due to deceleration, as shown in FIG. The measuring instrument 100 controls the display as if the display model 8 (8a, 8b in this example) of the virtual rigid body 7 is overturned in the upward direction on the screen. Further, in order to easily distinguish between the upright state and the overturned state, the display color of the display model 8 displayed in the overturned state is changed from the upright state to another setting (for example, from white to red). On the contrary, when the value Dxp of the X-axis direction acceleration that has passed through the low-pass filter is “plus”, that is, when it is determined that the “virtual rigid body falls” with acceleration in the traveling direction, As shown in the display model 8 (8a in this example) of FIG. 5 (3), display control is performed as if the virtual rigid body 7 has fallen toward the bottom of the screen.

  In this embodiment, the display of the display model 8 is realized by three-dimensional computer graphics. However, a system in which a two-dimensional image in an upright state is replaced with a two-dimensional image in a falling state may be used. Furthermore, when it is desired to reduce the calculation processing load of such graphic display, it may be realized by simply switching between text display indicating upright / falling and lamp display.

The measurement result of the conventional shake measuring instrument has been performed by displaying a graph of measurement data and displaying numerical values such as maximum acceleration and average acceleration. Therefore, it is difficult to understand how much the measurement result is sensibly unless you are used to measurement work.
However, according to the fluctuation measuring instrument 100 of the present embodiment, the result can be output at a glance in the style of the fall of the display model 8 corresponding to the virtual rigid body 7. In other words, the sway measuring instrument 100 can display the result of “sway measurement” that simulates the fall of a cuboid-shaped rigid body that is installed in a railway vehicle and is installed in an upright state with the thickness direction facing the measurement direction. According to the present embodiment, anyone can immediately understand the result of the measurement, that is, the measurement of fluctuation, so that, for example, as shown in FIG. It can also be used for confirmation.

  In addition, the motion measuring instrument 100 has an advantage that it can be set whether or not the desired level of motion has been reached by arbitrarily setting the specifications of the virtual rigid body 7.

Moreover, if the fluctuation measuring device 100 of this embodiment is used, the substitute of the well-known "Yoshida type vehicle fluctuation measuring device: Model HA, HA-S" as shown in FIG. 6 is realizable.
The Yoshida type vehicle sway measuring instrument 30 has a plurality of types of rectangular parallelepiped metal measuring pieces 34 (34a, 34b,...) In a piece installation groove 32 of a wooden main body 31, and white arrows in the figure indicate vehicles. It is installed horizontally on the railway car so that it faces the front. The measuring pieces 34 (34a, 34b,...) Have the same length and length in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the fall direction) and the same material, but the thickness direction (fall direction) has the same length. It is a different rigid body, and each has a different ease of falling against shaking. The state of the measurement pieces 34 (34a, 34b,...) While the vehicle is running can be observed, and the degree of shaking can be known from which measurement piece 34 (34a, 34b,...) Has fallen. Incidentally, in the example of FIG. 6, the measurement piece 34a at the left end to the measurement piece 34e are in a state of falling. The measuring instrument is still used in the skill test of the “powered vehicle driver's license”, which is a railway driver qualification (national qualification), but production and sales have been suspended and there are concerns about future maintenance. As a result, there is a strong demand for alternatives.

  In the shake measuring device 100 of the present embodiment, the virtual rigid body 7 having the specifications of the measurement piece 34 (34a, 34b,...) Of the Yoshida type vehicle shake measuring device 30 can be substituted. The measurement piece 34 (34a, 34b,...) Of the Yoshida-type vehicle sway measuring instrument 30 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that is rust-proofed from special steel, and there are a plurality of types depending on the thickness of the pieces. Specifically, the height is 50 mm and the width is 20 mm, and there are a total of 12 types: 8 types with a thickness of 1 mm and 6 mm to 13 mm, and 4 types with thicknesses of 15 mm, 17 mm, 19 mm, and 21 mm. To do. Therefore, by preparing 12 types of virtual rigid bodies 7 that reproduce these specifications in the same way, it is possible to substitute the Yoshida-type vehicle vibration measuring device 30.

  FIG. 7 is a table showing the relationship between specifications and limit acceleration Ax in various virtual rigid bodies simulating the measurement piece 34 (34a, 34b,...) Of the Yoshida-type vehicle vibration measuring device 30. The limit acceleration Ax is obtained by the above formula (4). Alternatively, the measurement piece 34 (34a, 34b,...) Can be raised on the tilting table to gradually increase the tilting angle, and the backward calculation can be performed from the tilting angle at which the fall started.

FIG. 8 is a table showing the time Δt until the center of gravity G of the virtual rigid body passes through the vertical line (line segment OC) passing through the rotation center O when different accelerations are applied to each virtual rigid body. The time Δt is obtained by the above formula (9). The time Δt corresponding to the acceleration closest to the limit acceleration Ax of each virtual rigid body shown in FIG. 7 is shown surrounded by a bold square.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the acceleration and time Δt when different accelerations are applied to each virtual rigid body. In addition, the limit acceleration Ax shown in FIG. A white circle is attached.
What should be noted in these figures is the value of the time Δt when the respective limit acceleration Ax is applied to each virtual rigid body. The virtual rigid bodies “measurement piece B6” to “measurement piece B13” are substantially constant at Δt = 0.1 [sec] even though the thickness B is different. Therefore, it is considered that the cut-off frequency f of the low-pass filter can be unified to 2.5 [Hz].

  FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of the frequency gain by the FIR type digital filter in which the cutoff frequency is set to around 2.5 [Hz]. As shown in the figure, because of the characteristics of the filter, there is a transition band between the passing edge frequency (2.5 [Hz]) and the cut-off edge frequency (4.8 [Hz]). The frequency components that are passed / removed are not separated. Therefore, the time Δt of each of the virtual rigid bodies “measurement piece B6” to “measurement piece B13” is strictly different, but considering the characteristics of the filter, there is no problem by unifying the cut-off frequency f to 2.5 [Hz]. it is conceivable that. Therefore, when trying to reproduce the “Yoshida type vehicle motion measuring device” with the motion measuring device 100 of this embodiment, setting the cutoff frequency f of the low-pass filter to 2.5 [Hz] is one example. . However, the cut-off frequency may be set to one of 2.0 to 3.0 [Hz] in consideration of the width of the transition region. Hereinafter, the description will be continued on the premise that the “Yoshida type vehicle shake measuring device” is reproduced by the shake measuring device 100.

  In addition, it does not exclude the conventional graph display of measurement data and the display of numerical values such as the maximum acceleration and the average acceleration in the motion measuring instrument 100, and the conventional display is performed together with the display by the display model 8. However, the description regarding the conventional display is omitted.

[Description of functional block]
FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the fluctuation measuring device 100. The motion measuring instrument 100 includes an operation input unit 128, an acceleration measurement unit 130, a calculation unit 140, a storage unit 150, a communication I / F (Interface) 180, and an image display unit 182. The bus 190 is connected so that data can be transmitted and received. It can be said that the fluctuation measuring device 100 is a kind of computer system.

  The operation input unit 128 is realized by an input device such as a switch, a lever, a dial, a keyboard, a touch panel, a mouse, or a track pad, and receives various operation inputs by a user and outputs an input signal. For example, it is used for input such as selection operation of virtual rigid body 7 used before the start of measurement, measurement start and end operations. The touch panel 102 and the operation input key 104 in FIG. 1 correspond to this.

  The acceleration measuring unit 130 measures the acceleration in the direction of shaking desired to be measured, and outputs a digital signal of the measured value. For example, it can be realized by a known acceleration sensor, A / D converter, interface IC, or the like. This includes the acceleration sensor 116 of FIG.

  The calculation unit 140 is realized by various microprocessors such as a CPU and a DSP, an ASIC, and the like, and performs various calculation processes for measuring shaking by reading and executing the measurement program 152. The control board 110 and the CPU 112 in FIG. 1 correspond to this. The calculation unit 140 according to this embodiment includes a data log management unit 141, a virtual rigid body selection unit 143, a low-pass filter unit 145, a determination unit 147, and a measurement result output control unit 149.

  The data log management unit 141 includes time-series raw data (filtering processing) related to acceleration values output from the acceleration measurement unit 130 (acceleration values Dx, Dy, and Dz for the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis in this embodiment). Control to store and manage (unvalued values). Data is stored as a data log 170 in the storage unit 150.

  The virtual rigid body selection unit 143 performs control for causing the user to select a virtual rigid body to be used before the start of measurement. In the present embodiment, a combination (set) of virtual rigid bodies selected and combined in advance according to the use from a plurality of virtual rigid bodies 7 is defined as virtual rigid body set data 154. For example, the virtual rigid body selection unit 143 displays a list of virtual rigid body set data 154 before starting measurement, and controls the user to select a set to be used from the list. The selected information is used set name 156.

  The low-pass filter unit 145 realizes a low-pass filter effect by filtering the detection signal of the low-pass band acceleration with the designated cutoff frequency as a reference through arithmetic processing. For example, it can be realized by known digital filter software. Note that the low-pass filter unit 145 is replaced with a circuit of a low-pass filter (LPF) 132 realized as hardware provided in the next stage of the acceleration measuring unit 130, as in a part surrounded by a one-dot chain line in FIG. be able to.

  The determination unit 147 simulates the fall of a cuboid virtual rigid body placed in an upright state with the thickness direction facing the measurement direction, and determines whether or not to fall. That is, the degree of shaking is measured (verified) depending on whether or not each virtual rigid body falls.

  The measurement result output control unit 149 performs output control of the result of the shake measurement, that is, the result of the shake test related to each virtual rigid body. In the present embodiment, since it is expressed by three-dimensional computer graphics using the display model 8 (see FIG. 5), it is possible to perform processing relating to generation of three-dimensional computer graphics and drive control of the image display unit 182. In addition, about display control of 3D computer graphics, since a well-known technique can be utilized suitably, description here is abbreviate | omitted. In addition, the measurement result output control unit 149 may appropriately perform generation of the fall / no-fall result data for each virtual rigid body and control the result data to be transmitted to the external device via the communication I / F 180.

  The storage unit 150 stores programs, various data, and the like for realizing various functions necessary for measurement of fluctuation. Further, it is used as a work area for the calculation unit 140 and temporarily stores calculation results and the like executed by the calculation unit 140 according to various programs. Further, the acceleration data measured by the acceleration measuring unit 130 can be stored in time series. Such a function is realized by, for example, an IC memory such as a RAM or a ROM, a magnetic disk such as a hard disk, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM or a DVD, a reader / writer of a removable memory card.

  The storage unit 150 of this embodiment stores a measurement program 152, a plurality of virtual rigid body set data 154, a use set name 156, display model control data 158, and a data log 170. In addition, various data necessary for measurement can be stored as appropriate.

  The measurement program 152 is read and executed by the calculation unit 140 to realize functions as a data log management unit 141, a virtual rigid body selection unit 143, a low-pass filter unit 145, a determination unit 147, and a measurement result output control unit 149. It is a program. In the case of a configuration in which some of these are implemented as hardware circuits, the program portion is omitted as appropriate.

  The virtual rigid body set data 154 stores setting data of the virtual rigid body 7 that can be used for measurement. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a set for each application is prepared in advance by combining a plurality of virtual rigid bodies 7. One set is identified by a set name 154a and a measurement direction 154b, and is associated with a virtual rigid body type 154c included in the set, and includes a specification 154d, an applied cutoff frequency 154e, a limit acceleration 154f, and display model data 154g. Store.

  The set name 154a briefly indicates the use of the shaking measurement. In the example of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, since it is premised on reproducing the “Yoshida type vehicle sway measuring instrument”, two types of “general vehicle” and “mine track” are prepared. Of course, other set data such as “for high-speed railway” which requires high riding comfort can be provided as appropriate.

  The measurement direction 154b defines the direction of acceleration to be measured. When measuring the fluctuation accompanying acceleration / deceleration in the vehicle traveling direction, the X-axis direction is set as described above. Separately from this, the “Y-axis direction” is set in the set for measuring the fluctuation in the left-right direction. “Z-axis direction” is set in a set for measuring up and down fluctuations. The vibration measurement is performed based on the acceleration component in the direction set in the measurement direction 154b.

  The specification 154d defines the specification of the corresponding virtual rigid body 7, that is, the thickness B and the height H in the direction in which the force to fall, that is, the acceleration acts in this embodiment.

  The cut-off frequency 154e defines a frequency at which gain reduction by a low-pass filter applied to the acceleration component set in the measurement direction 154b is started. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, in the two sets of “for general vehicle” and “for mine orbit”, 2.5 [Hz] is set in common to all virtual rigid bodies, but individual values are set. A configuration to set is also possible. Similarly, even if it is a set in which virtual rigid bodies having different specifications (for example, height H) are combined, the difference in time Δt from when the virtual rigid body 7 is in a stationary state to when it starts to fall is taken into account based on filter characteristics and the like. If the specifications can be regarded as not causing a problem in practice, the same cut-off frequency may be set in common. In the example of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, the same cutoff frequency is set in common because the set is a set of virtual rigid bodies having the same height and width.

  The limit acceleration 154f is a value of the limit acceleration Ax of the corresponding virtual rigid body 7. 2 may be obtained in advance, or if the virtual rigid body 7 simulates some real object, an actual measurement value using the real object may be set. The actual measurement value may be measured by, for example, placing a real object to be simulated on a tilting table, gradually increasing the tilting angle of the tilting table, and calculating backward from the tipping start angle.

  The display model data 154g is data used for display output of the vibration measurement result of the corresponding virtual rigid body 7. In the present embodiment, since it is expressed by three-dimensional computer graphics, model data for display (object data, texture data, etc.) is stored. Here, it is assumed that the “Yoshida type vehicle vibration measuring device” is reproduced, so the display model design is a rectangular parallelepiped that imitates the measurement piece of the “Yoshida type vehicle vibration measuring device”. Not exclusively.

Returning to FIG. 11, the storage unit 150 stores the use set name 156.
Before starting the measurement, the user selects which of the plurality of virtual rigid body set data 154 is to be used. The selected set name is stored as the used set name 156.

  The display model control data 158 is prepared for each virtual rigid body included in the selected virtual rigid body set, and stores data necessary for display control. For example, the display model attitude control data 158b and display color setting data 158c can be stored in association with the virtual rigid body type 158a.

  The communication I / F 180 realizes data communication with a device outside the fluctuation measuring instrument 100. So-called interface ICs, communication terminals, wireless devices, and the like can be appropriately used. For example, the data log 170, data on the result of the fluctuation measurement, and the like can be output to the fluctuation measuring instrument 100. The communication module 118 in FIG. 1 corresponds to this.

  The image display unit 182 can be realized by, for example, an image display device such as a flat panel display or a head mounted display, and a driver circuit thereof. The touch panel 102 in FIG. 1 corresponds to this.

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of processing related to fluctuation measurement in the present embodiment, which can be realized by the calculation unit 140 reading and executing the measurement program 152. As a premise, the motion measuring instrument 100 is installed such that the measurement X-axis direction of the acceleration sensor 116 is aligned with the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. More preferably, the fluctuation measuring device 100 is installed horizontally, that is, with the measurement Z-axis direction facing the vertical direction.

  First, the calculation unit 140 performs selection input processing of a virtual rigid body to be used (step S4). Specifically, for example, list display control is performed so that the set name 154a of the virtual rigid body set data 154 can be selected on the touch panel 102, and a selection operation (for example, a set name touch operation) by the user is accepted.

  Next, the arithmetic unit 140 sets a low pass filter (step S6). The cutoff frequency 154e of the selected virtual rigid body set data 154 is set. Thereafter, the acceleration component in the direction defined in the measurement direction 154b in the acceleration data output from the acceleration measurement unit 130 is low-pass filtered based on the set cutoff frequency.

  Next, the calculation unit 140 starts graphic display of the display model 8 (see FIG. 5) for displaying the measurement result as an image (step S8).

And if the operation input of a measurement start is performed, a shake measurement will be started.
That is, the arithmetic unit 140 starts accumulative storage control of the data log 170 (step S12), and executes the processing of the loop A for each virtual rigid body used for the current measurement (steps S20 to S26).

In the loop A, if the acceleration value Dxp (see FIG. 4) that has passed through the low-pass filter is equal to or greater than the limit acceleration 154f (see FIGS. 12 to 13) of the virtual rigid body to be processed (YES in step S22), the process is performed. The target virtual rigid body is determined to “turn over”, and display control is performed so that the corresponding display model is overturned (step S24). In the example of FIG. 5, when the acceleration value output from the low-pass filter is “minus”, that is, deceleration, the display model 8 is overturned in the upward direction on the screen (front of the vehicle on the screen). Change to color. If the acceleration value output from the low-pass filter is “plus”, that is, an acceleration, the display model 8 is turned down in the screen downward direction (rear of the vehicle on the screen), and the display color is changed to a display color different from that before the fall. Then, loop A is terminated (step S26).
If the acceleration value output from the low-pass filter is less than the limit acceleration 154f of the virtual rigid body to be processed (NO in step S22), it is determined that the virtual rigid body to be processed is “not toppling” and corresponds. The loop A is terminated without performing the overturn display of the display model (step S26).

  The loop A is repeated at a predetermined sampling period until a predetermined measurement end operation is detected (NO in step S30), and when a measurement end operation is detected (YES in step S30), the series of processing ends.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to clearly identify the result of the fluctuation measurement at a glance. Then, by appropriately setting the virtual rigid body, the “Yoshida type vehicle sway measuring instrument” used in the practical test of the “powered vehicle driver's license” can be reproduced and replaced as a digital device.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which measurement is mainly performed based on acceleration in the vehicle longitudinal direction (X-axis direction acceleration Dx) has been shown. However, depending on the setting of the measurement direction 154b of the virtual rigid body set data 154 as described above, It can also be measured based on the vehicle lateral acceleration (Y-axis direction acceleration Dy) or based on the vertical acceleration (Z-axis direction acceleration Dz). In this case, the display of the measurement result by the display model 8 is to appropriately adjust the direction of the fall display to the setting of the measurement direction 154b according to the setting of the front / rear, left / right, and up / down of the vehicle on the touch panel 102.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Track | truck, 4 ... Railcar, 6 ... Passenger, 7 ... Virtual rigid body, 8 ... Display model, 30 ... Yoshida type vehicle shake measuring device, 31 ... Main body, 32 ... Frame installation groove, 34 ... Measuring piece, 100 ... Shaking Measuring instrument 102 ... Touch panel 104 ... Operation input key 106 ... Built-in battery 110 ... Control board 112 ... CPU 114 ... IC memory 116 ... Acceleration sensor 118 ... Communication module 128 ... Operation input unit 130 ... Accelerometer, 132 ... Low pass filter, 140 ... Calculation unit, 141 ... Data log management unit, 142 ... Virtual rigid body selection unit, 143 ... Virtual rigid body selection unit, 145 ... Low pass filter unit, 147 ... Determination unit, 149 ... Measurement result Output control unit, 150 ... storage unit, 152 ... measurement program, 154 ... virtual rigid body set data, 154a ... set name, 154b ... measurement direction, 15 c ... virtual rigid body type, 154d ... specifications, 154e ... cut-off frequency, 154f ... limit acceleration, 154g ... display model data, 156 ... use set name, 158 ... display model control data, 158a ... virtual rigid body type, 158b ... posture Control data, 158c ... display color setting data, 170 ... data log, 182 ... image display unit, 190 ... bus

Claims (6)

A vibration measuring instrument that is installed in a railway vehicle and that measures the vibration of the railway vehicle by simulating the fall of a rectangular parallelepiped rigid body that is installed in an upright state with the thickness direction facing the measurement direction,
An acceleration sensor;
A low-pass filter that filters the detection signal of the acceleration sensor based on a single low-pass band that is set in common for a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same height and width and different thicknesses that simulate the rigid body. When,
Based on the signal filtered by the low-pass filter, determination means for determining whether or not the static overturning condition of each of the virtual rigid bodies is satisfied,
Equipped with a,
Time until the fall when the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter adds a limit acceleration, which is the minimum acceleration required for the virtual rigid body to fall, in the thickness direction regardless of the thickness of the virtual rigid body Is determined based on the time in which
Oscillation measuring instrument. A vibration measuring instrument that is installed in a railway vehicle and that measures the vibration of the railway vehicle by simulating the fall of a rectangular parallelepiped rigid body that is installed in an upright state with the thickness direction facing the measurement direction,
An acceleration sensor;
The cut-off frequency set in common for a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same predetermined height and width and different thickness that simulate the rigid body is one of 2.0 to 3.0 Hz . A low-pass filter for filtering the detection signal of the acceleration sensor based on a low-pass band;
Based on the signal filtered by the low-pass filter, determination means for determining whether or not the static overturning condition of each of the virtual rigid bodies is satisfied,
An oscillation measuring instrument with The low-pass filter has a cutoff frequency set to 2.5 Hz,
The sway measuring instrument according to claim 2 . A set of a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same height and width and different thicknesses, further comprising a selection means for selecting one set from a plurality of types of sets;
The low-pass filter is set to a common cutoff frequency regardless of the set selected by the selection means.
The fluctuation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . A motion measurement method using a motion measuring instrument equipped with an acceleration sensor that measures the motion of a railway vehicle by simulating the falling of a cuboid-shaped rigid body installed in an upright state with the thickness direction facing the measurement direction,
Low-pass filter processing is performed on the detection signal of the acceleration sensor based on a single low-pass band that is set in common for a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same height and width and different thicknesses that simulate the rigid body. Steps,
A determination step of determining whether or not the static fall condition of each of the virtual rigid bodies is satisfied based on the low-pass filtered signal;
Only including,
In the low-pass filter processing, until the cutoff frequency reaches a fall when a limit acceleration, which is a minimum acceleration required for the virtual rigid body toppling, is applied in the thickness direction regardless of the thickness of the virtual rigid body. Determined based on the time of which
Shaking measurement method. A motion measurement method using a motion measuring instrument equipped with an acceleration sensor that measures the motion of a railway vehicle by simulating the falling of a cuboid-shaped rigid body installed in an upright state with the thickness direction facing the measurement direction,
The cut-off frequency set in common for a plurality of virtual rigid bodies having the same predetermined height and width and different thickness that simulate the rigid body is one of 2.0 to 3.0 Hz . Based on a low-pass band, low-pass filtering the detection signal of the acceleration sensor;
A determination step of determining whether or not the static fall condition of each of the virtual rigid bodies is satisfied based on the low-pass filtered signal;
Measurement method including shaking.