JP5933318B2 - Building power control system and residential power management system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power control system for buildings and a power management system for residential areas.

  In addition to commercial power, the building power monitoring system of Patent Document 1 includes power supply devices such as power generation units including fuel cells and solar cells, a management controller that manages and manages power supply devices, and notifications from the management controller. And a monitor for display.

  In the building power monitoring system of Patent Literature 1, power generation data, self-diagnosis information, and the like are transmitted from the built-in controller of each power supply device to the management controller. The management controller converts each received information into a database and executes comprehensive diagnosis processing. As a result of the comprehensive diagnosis process, when it is determined that maintenance is required or a failure has occurred, a warning notification from the management controller is displayed on the monitor. In this way, the resident of the building knows whether maintenance or the like is necessary by looking at the monitor.

JP 2007-336656 A

  However, in the building power monitoring system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the solar power system is given the highest priority during the daytime and the commercial power is given the highest priority at night, and the use priority of the fuel cell is low. For this reason, the fuel cell is operated by partial load operation (operation with an ability lower than the rated capacity), that is, the fuel cell cannot be effectively used.

  An object of the present invention is to obtain a power control system for a building and a power management system for a living area that can effectively use the fuel cell in a configuration having a power supply source including the fuel cell.

A power control system for a building according to the invention of claim 1 includes a fuel cell that generates power by a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, a power generation device that generates power using natural energy, and a storage battery that stores power. A power supply source, a power consumption detection unit for detecting power consumption consumed by a power consuming device disposed in the building, and a target power provided in the building and serving as a target to be supplied from the fuel cell to the power consuming device Is set, the power consumption detected by the power consumption detection unit is compared with the target power, and when the power consumption of the power consuming device detected by the power consumption detection unit is larger than the target power, The fuel cell is used with the highest priority so that the power supplied from the fuel cell to the power consuming device becomes the target power. The lack of power corresponding to the difference between the serial target power, a power control unit which performs control to supply to said power consuming device from at least one of the power generating device and the storage battery, is provided to the power control unit, and the normal a receiver for receiving the emergency information indicating the different situations, have a, to the power control unit, the target power of the fuel cell, the first target power during normal and the first target power The power control unit is configured to be divided into a second emergency target power greater than the emergency power, and the reception unit receives emergency information, and the insufficient power is the power supplied from the power generator and the power When the total power, which is the total power supplied from the storage battery, is larger, the first target power is changed to the second target power, and the power supplied from the fuel cell to the power consuming device is set to the normal time. Larger than It performs control.

  In the building power control system according to the first aspect of the present invention, based on the power consumption information of the building power consumption device detected by the power consumption detection unit, the power control unit supplies the power supply source and power supply to the power consumption device. The amount is determined, and power is supplied from the power supply source to the power consuming device.

Here, the power control unit compares the power consumption detected by the power consumption detection unit with the target power of the fuel cell, so that the power generated by the fuel cell becomes the target power. Control is performed so that the electric power supplied from the fuel cell is used preferentially among the electric power supplied to. Thus, since the fuel cell continues to operate to output a substantially constant target power, the partial load operation is suppressed, and the fuel cell can be effectively used in the configuration having the power supply source including the fuel cell. In addition, when the power consumption of the power consuming device is larger than the target power, the power control unit supplies power corresponding to the target power from the fuel cell to the power consuming device. Furthermore, the power control unit causes the power consumption device to supply insufficient power corresponding to the difference between the target power and the power consumption from at least one of the power generation device and the storage battery. As described above, even when insufficient power is generated when the fuel cell is operated so as to output a substantially constant target power, the shortage is supplied to the power consuming device from at least one of the power generation device and the storage battery to be compensated. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a shortage of power supply to the power consuming device. In addition, it is an emergency when the fuel cell is operated at an almost constant target power, and even if the power shortage of the target power is greater than the total power of the power generator and storage battery, the fuel cell supplies power consumption equipment. Since the generated power increases, it is possible to prevent a shortage of power supply to the power consuming device.

  In the power control system for a building according to the invention of claim 2, the power control unit corresponds to the target power when the power consumption of the power consuming device detected by the power consumption detection unit is smaller than the target power. A part of the power to be supplied is supplied from the fuel cell to the power consuming device, and surplus power corresponding to the difference between the target power and the power consumption of the power consuming device is supplied from the fuel cell to the storage battery.

  In the building power control system according to the second aspect of the invention, when the power consumption of the power consuming device is smaller than the target power, the power control unit outputs a part of the power corresponding to the target power from the fuel cell. Further, the power control unit causes the storage battery to supply (charge) surplus power of the fuel cell corresponding to the difference between the target power and the power consumption among the power corresponding to the target power output from the fuel cell. As described above, even if surplus power is generated when the fuel cell is operated to output a substantially constant target power, the surplus power is charged in the storage battery, so that it is not necessary to waste the surplus power. .

In the power control system for a building according to the invention of claim 3, the power supply source is connected to a system power supply, and the power control unit supplies the insufficient power from the power supplied from the power generator and the storage battery. When the power is larger than the total power, which is the sum of the power to be generated, control is performed to supply power corresponding to the difference between the insufficient power and the total power from the system power supply to the power consuming device.

In the power control system for a building according to the invention of claim 3 , even if the power shortage when the fuel cell is operated at a substantially constant target power is greater than the total power of the power generator and the storage battery, Since insufficient power (= power consumption− (target power + total power)) is supplied from the power source to the power consuming device to compensate, it is possible to prevent a shortage of power supply to the power consuming device.

A power management system for a residential area according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the power control system for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which is provided in the plurality of buildings in the residential area. A display unit that is provided in each of the buildings and displays information on the power control system of the building, and is provided in the living area, acquires and compares the power generation amount of the power generation device in the plurality of buildings, and the other And a centralized management unit that notifies the display unit of the building having a power generation amount lower than that of the building of a decrease in the power generation amount of the power generation device.

In the power management system for the residential area according to the invention of claim 4 , the centralized management unit compares the power generation amounts of the power generators in a plurality of buildings in the residential area. Thereby, when a power generation device fails in one building in the living area, the centralized management unit detects that the power generation amount of the power generation device in the building where the failure has occurred is lower than other buildings. And a centralized management part alert | reports that the electric power generation amount of a power generator has fallen to the display part of the building where the failure occurred. This makes it possible for a resident of a building where a failure of the power generation device or a need for maintenance of the power generation device occurs to recognize a state such as a failure of the power generation device that is difficult to understand in one building. It is possible to prevent the power generator that has been used from being used as it is.

The power management system for a residential area according to the invention of claim 5 is a solar power generation device in which the power generation device receives sunlight from a light receiving surface to generate power, and the centralized management unit is provided for each of the plurality of buildings. Stores the area of the light receiving surface and compares the power generation amount acquired for each of the plurality of buildings by the area of the light receiving surface, and compares the power generation amount per unit area than other buildings. Notify the display unit of the building where the power generation amount is low that the solar power generation device needs to be inspected.

  When the power generation device is a solar power generation device, the area of the light receiving surface of the solar power generation device is often different in each building. For this reason, there is a possibility that a correct comparison cannot be made if only the power generation amount is compared for the photovoltaic power generation devices of each building.

Here, in the power management system for the residential area according to the invention of claim 5 , the centralized management unit obtains and compares the power generation amount per unit area for each of the plurality of buildings, and generates power per unit area more than other buildings. Notify that the inspection of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus is necessary to the display part of the building with a low amount. As a result, even if the areas of the light receiving surfaces of the photovoltaic power generation devices are different in each building, the units to be compared are the same, so the buildings that need to be inspected for the photovoltaic power generation devices are appropriately notified of the necessity of the inspection. be able to.

In the residential area power management system according to the invention of claim 6, the central management unit stores a past first power generation amount per unit area for each of the plurality of solar power generation devices, and the central management unit The second power generation amount per unit area acquired for each of the plurality of buildings is compared, and when there is the second power generation amount lower than the other buildings, the first power generation amount in the building And the second power generation amount, and when the second power generation amount exceeds an allowable range of the power generation amount set based on the first power generation amount, the solar power generation device is sent to the display unit. Notify that inspection is necessary.

  In the case of photovoltaic power generation, the installation location of the photovoltaic power generation device and the direction of the light receiving surface may be different in each building. For this reason, although it is possible to make a rough comparison by comparing the power generation amount per unit area for the photovoltaic power generation devices of each building, it may be unclear whether the power generation amount has decreased to a level that requires inspection.

Here, in the power management system for the residential area according to the invention of claim 6 , the centralized management unit compares the second power generation amount per unit area acquired for each of the plurality of buildings, and is lower than other buildings. When there is a building having the second power generation amount, the past first power generation amount in the building is compared with the current second power generation amount, and the second power generation amount is set based on the first power generation amount. When the power generation amount exceeds the allowable range, the display unit of the building is informed that the inspection of the solar power generation device is necessary. As a result, even if the installation location of the photovoltaic power generation device and the direction of the light receiving surface are different in each building, it is possible to make a judgment according to the installation status in each building. The necessity of inspection can be appropriately notified.

  As described above, according to the power control system for a building according to the first aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell can be effectively used in the configuration having the power supply source including the fuel cell. Have

  According to the power control system for a building according to the second aspect of the present invention, there is an excellent effect that it is not necessary to wastefully consume surplus power of the fuel cell.

According to the building power control system of the third aspect of the present invention, there is an excellent effect that it is possible to prevent shortage of power supply to the power consuming device.

According to the power management system for a residential area according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is an excellent effect that it is possible to prevent the failed power generator from being used as it is.

According to the power management system for a residential area according to the present invention as set forth in claim 5 , even if the area of the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic power generation device is different in each building, the building is inspected for the photovoltaic power generation device. It has the outstanding effect that it can alert | report appropriately whether it is necessary.

According to the residential area power management system according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, it is necessary to inspect the photovoltaic power generation apparatus even if the installation location of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus and the direction of the light receiving surface are different in each building. It has an excellent effect of being able to appropriately notify the building of the necessity of inspection.

It is the schematic of the principal part of the house which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the electric power control system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the connection to the management control board which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows an example of U / I which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the change of the power consumption consumed with the power consuming apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment on the 1st. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the power control in the power control system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state in which the power consumption at 7:00, 14:00, and 20:00 of the power consumption apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment is covered with each power supply source. In the electric power control system concerning a 2nd embodiment, it is a mimetic diagram showing the state where target electric power of a fuel cell is increased at the time of emergency. It is the schematic of the principal part of the area management system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the tolerance | permissible_range of use of the solar power generation device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment by the relationship between solar radiation amount and electric power generation amount. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the power management in the area management system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. In the area management system concerning a 3rd embodiment, it is a mimetic diagram showing the state where the message of the inspection necessity was displayed on the display of the house where the inspection of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus is required.

(First embodiment)
An example of the building power control system according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a house 10 as an example of a building. The house 10 is provided with a power control system 20 as an example of a building power control system that controls the supply of power into the house 10.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the power control system 20 includes a power supply source 30 that supplies power to the power consuming device 15 provided in the house 10, and power consumption detection that detects power consumption consumed by the power consuming device 15. And a management control panel 50 as an example of a power control unit that controls the supply of power based on the power consumption detected by the wattmeter 40.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a distribution board 14 is installed in a house 10, and a system power supply 12 drawn into the house 10 is passed through a power switching device 13 and an integrated watt-hour meter (not shown) described later. It is connected to the distribution board 14. The distribution board 14 is connected in advance to a main switch (breaker) having a breaking capacity determined by the contract power or the total amount of power consumed by the power consuming device 15 used in the house 10 and the secondary side of the main breaker. A large number of branch switches (branch breakers) having a set capacity and a wattmeter 40 are provided. In addition, illustration of a main breaker and a branch breaker is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the power consuming device 15 is configured by various electric devices including a lighting fixture 16, an air conditioner 17 (air conditioner), and a refrigerator 18 as an example. In the house 10, the power consuming device 15 is connected to any branch breaker (not shown) in the distribution board 14 via an indoor wiring or an outlet (not shown) connected to the indoor wiring. Yes.

  Thereby, in the house 10, the electric power of the power supply source 30 (details will be described later) including the system power supply 12 supplied to the distribution board 14 is supplied to the lighting fixture 16 through the main breaker and the branch breaker (not shown). It is supplied to the power consuming equipment 15 including the air conditioner 17 and the refrigerator 18 so that each electric equipment is operated. In addition, as the power consumption apparatus 15 provided in the house 10, the electric power load containing the well-known general electric apparatus which uses electric power can be used. Moreover, a well-known structure can be applied to the electrical wiring for supplying power to the power consuming device 15 in the house 10, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  The power supply source 30 is an example of a system power source 12, a fuel cell 32 that generates power by a chemical reaction between fuel (hydrogen) and an oxidant (oxygen), and a power generation device that generates power using natural energy. It includes a solar power generation device 34 and a wind power generation device 35, a storage battery 36 that can be charged and discharged and stores electric power, and an in-vehicle battery 38A that is mounted on a vehicle 38 and that can be charged and discharged. Furthermore, the power supply source 30 is a power switching device 13 that performs switching so as to use at least one of the system power source 12, the fuel cell 32, the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the on-vehicle battery 38. have. The power supply source 30 supplies power to the power consuming device 15 of the house 10 via the distribution board 14.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the solar power generation device 34 generates (generates) electric power according to the amount of received light by receiving sunlight with a plurality of solar panels 34 </ b> M forming a light receiving surface. . The wind power generator 35 generates power when a generator (not shown) is rotationally driven by wind power. In the following, a configuration including the solar power generation device 34 and the wind power generation device 35 will be described as an example of a power generation device using natural energy. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an arbitrary power generation device using natural energy is used. Is possible. When the house 10 is a factory, there is a possibility that thermal power and tidal power can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the storage battery 36 and the in-vehicle battery 38 </ b> A are connected to the power switching device 13 via dedicated charge / discharge devices 37 </ b> A and 37 </ b> B (see FIG. 3). The charge / discharge devices 37A and 37B have an inverter function for converting DC power to AC power and a converter function for converting AC power to DC power, and output from the storage battery 36 and the on-vehicle battery 38A to the power switching device 13, or The storage battery 36 and the in-vehicle battery 38A can be charged from the power switching device 13. The charging / discharging devices 37A and 37B charge / discharge the in-vehicle battery 38A of the vehicle 38 by parking and connecting the vehicle 38 (see FIG. 1) to a parking space (not shown) provided adjacent to the house 10. Is possible.

  Each of the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, and the fuel cell 32 converts the generated power into AC power that matches the voltage and phase of the system power supply 12 and outputs the AC power. A known general configuration can be applied to the configuration including such an inverter function and a converter function.

  The power switching device 13 is at least one of the power of the system power supply 12, the power of the fuel cell 32, the power of the solar power generation device 34, the power of the wind power generation device 35, the power of the storage battery 36, and the power of the in-vehicle battery 38A. This power can be selected and output to the distribution board 14. Further, the power switching device 13 is provided with a backflow prevention function, for example, so that the power of the system power supply 12 is prevented from flowing from the power switching device 13 to the system such as the solar power generation device 34, and other System power is prevented from flowing to the system power supply 12.

  Next, the management control panel 50 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the management control panel 50 forms a HEMS (Home Energy Management System) that manages the energy consumption of the house 10, and manages the generated power of the power supply source 30, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A. In addition, it has functions of charging / discharging the battery, receiving power amount data from the wattmeter 40, and the like. In addition, the management control panel 50 manages the power supplied from the distribution board 14, that is, manages the power consumed by the power consuming device 15 of the house 10. In the present embodiment, the distribution board 14 and the management control board 50 are separated, but the distribution board 14 and the management control board 50 may be integrated.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the management control panel 50 includes a CPU 52, a RAM 53, a ROM 54, and an HDD 55, and includes a microcomputer having a general configuration in which these are connected to a bus 56. Various programs and data are stored in the ROM 54 and the HDD 55 used as a storage unit, and the CPU 52 performs various processes by executing the programs stored in the ROM 54 and the HDD 55. At this time, the RAM 53 is used as a work memory.

  The management control panel 50 is provided with a network interface (NET I / F) 58 as an example of a receiving unit described later. The management interface 50 is connected to a predetermined host server 60 by connecting the network interface 58 to a public line network such as the Internet or a dedicated line network. As a result, the management control panel 50 transmits preset data to the host server 60 and can acquire various types of data from the host server 60, and the power control system 20 functions as a HEMS. In the first embodiment, power control in the house 10 will be described, and power control in a residential area including another house 10 using the host server 60 will be described in a third embodiment to be described later. In addition, a user interface (hereinafter referred to as U / I) 62 as an example of a display unit to be described later is connected to the management control panel 50.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the U / I 62 includes, as an example, a display 63 serving as a display unit, a power switch 64, a menu switch 65, and a speaker 66. The display 63 is, for example, a touch panel type using an LCD, and is displayed on the display 63 by touching a display surface (hereinafter referred to as “operation”) together with various information such as power information. Various types of information can be input according to the items that are present.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the U / I 62 is connected to the bus 56. Thereby, the CPU 52 displays various types of information including information that functions as a notification unit on the display 63 (see FIG. 4) of the U / I 62. Further, the CPU 52 is set to display preset display contents on the display 63, and a touch operation corresponding to this display is performed by the user, whereby the display 63 is used as an input means for inputting various information. Make it work.

  Further, the management control panel 50 is provided with an input / output interface (hereinafter referred to as input / output I / F) 64, and the input / output I / F 64 is connected to the bus 56. In addition, as HEMS of the house 10, it is preferable that each of the power consuming devices 15 is connected to the management control panel 50 so that information such as data and control signals can be exchanged. As a result, the management control panel 50 can grasp whether or not each of the power consuming devices 15 is operating, the operating state such as power consumption when operating, the maintenance state, etc., and if necessary, The operation / stop of the power consuming device 15 can be controlled.

  In addition, the management control panel 50 is provided with a communication unit 67. The communication unit 67 is connected to the input / output I / F 64, and the management control panel 50 can exchange information with the power consuming device 15 via the communication unit 67. As the communication unit 67, the management control panel 50 and the power consuming device 15 may be connected by wire or may perform wireless communication. Further, as the communication unit 67, any communication method such as communication via a power line, communication via an indoor network using a communication line installed in the house 10 can be applied.

  On the other hand, in the management control panel 50, the power switching device 13 is connected to the input / output I / F 64. The solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the fuel cell 32, the charge / discharge device 37A of the storage battery 36, and the charge / discharge device 37B of the in-vehicle battery 38A are connected to the input / output I / F 64. As a result, the management control panel 50 acquires whether or not each of the solar power generation device 34 and the wind power generation device 35 is operating, and the generated power when it is operating. Further, the management control panel 50 controls the charge / discharge of the storage battery 36 and the in-vehicle battery 38A by controlling the power generation of the fuel cell 32 and controlling the operation of the charge / discharge devices 37A, 37B.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the distribution board 14 is provided with a wattmeter 40. The wattmeter 40 detects power consumed when each power consuming device 15 is activated by the power supplied from the distribution board 14 (instantaneous value of power consumption, hereinafter referred to as power consumption), and detects the detected power consumption. Output a signal according to. As shown in FIG. 3, the management control panel 50 is provided with an A / D converter 68, and the wattmeter 40 is connected to the input / output I / F 64 via the A / D converter 68. Yes.

  The management control panel 50 detects the power consumption consumed in the house 10 when the detection signal is input from the wattmeter 40. The management control panel 50 manages the power consumption in the house 10 by controlling the operation of the power switching device 13 according to the power consumption detected by the wattmeter 40. That is, the management control panel 50 detects the power supplied from each system and the power consumed by the house 10, and distributes power based on the power consumed and the power that can be supplied from each power consuming device 15 at the present time. The power source to be supplied to the panel 14 (any one of the power supply sources 30) is selected, and the operation of the power switching device 13 is controlled so that power is supplied from the selected power source to the distribution board 14. ing.

  Next, selection of the power supply source 30 by the management control panel 50 will be described.

  In the management control panel 50 shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell 32 is set to be used with the highest priority (first priority) as the priority of use of the power supply source 30. In the management control panel 50, as an example, the solar power generation device 34 is the second priority, the wind power generation device 35 is the third priority, and the storage battery 36 is the fourth priority. Is the lowest setting.

  Further, the management control panel 50 is set with a target power Pa (see FIG. 6) that is a target to be supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15. The target power Pa is a rating of the fuel cell 32 (60% or more and 80% or less of the maximum output Pmax (not shown) of the fuel cell 32), and in this embodiment, as an example, 70% of the maximum output Pmax. Is set in.

  The management control panel 50 compares the power consumption detected by the wattmeter 40 (hereinafter referred to as power consumption Px) with the target power Pa, and the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 is the target power. It is set to perform control to preferentially use the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 among the power supplied from the power supply source 30 to the power consuming device 15 so as to be Pa.

  Specifically, when the power consumption Px of the power consumption device 15 detected by the wattmeter 40 is smaller than the target power Pa, the management control panel 50 supplies power corresponding to the power consumption Px from the fuel cell 32 to the power consumption device. 15 and a program for supplying surplus power Pe (= Pa−Px) corresponding to the difference between the target power Pa and the power consumption Px of the power consuming device 15 from the fuel cell 32 to the storage battery 36 is set in advance. .

  In addition, when the power consumption Px of the power consuming device 15 detected by the wattmeter 40 is larger than the target power Pa, the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 is the target power Pa. In this way, the fuel cell 32 is used with the highest priority to supply power to the power consuming device 15, and the insufficient power Pf (= Px−Pa) corresponding to the difference between the power consumption Px of the power consuming device 15 and the target power Pa is set. A program to be supplied to the power consuming device 15 from at least one of the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A is set in advance.

  Here, in the management control panel 50, the priority order of power use excluding the fuel cell 32 is the order of the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A from the highest, as described above. It has become. In the management control panel 50, when the insufficient power Pf is larger than the total power Pt that is the total power of the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A (Pf> Pt), A program for supplying power ΔPf (= Px−Pa−Pt) corresponding to the difference between the shortage power Pf and the total power Pt from the system power supply 12 to the power consuming device 15 is set in advance.

(Function)
Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 5 shows a graph G of changes in the daily power consumption Px (power consumption of the power consuming device 15 (see FIG. 2)) in the house 10 (see FIG. 1). As an example, the power consumption is P1 between 0 o'clock and 4 o'clock. The power consumption increases from P1 to P3 from 4 o'clock to 7 o'clock, and the power consumption decreases from P3 to P2 from 7 o'clock to 14 o'clock. Further, the power consumption increases from P2 to P4 from 14:00 to 20:00, and the power consumption decreases from P4 to P1 from 20:00 to 24:00.

  The magnitude of each power is P1 <P2 <Pa <P3 <P4. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, as an example, fuel is more than power consumption Px in the house 10 between 0 o'clock and 5 o'clock, between 11 o'clock and 16 o'clock, and between 23 o'clock and 24 o'clock. The target power Pa of the battery 32 (see FIG. 1) is larger, and the power consumption Px is the target of the fuel cell 32 from 5 o'clock to 11 o'clock and from 16 o'clock to 23 o'clock. It is more than the electric power Pa.

  Here, with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, the power control by the power control system 20 of the first embodiment will be described. In addition, about each part and each member which comprise the power control system 20, description of a separate drawing number is abbreviate | omitted as referring FIG. 1 to FIG.

  In step S <b> 10, the management control panel 50 supplies power from the system power supply 12 of the power supply source 30 to the power consuming device 15 via the distribution board 14. Then, the process proceeds to step S12. Here, as an example, an initial state is assumed in which the use of the power consuming device 15 is started in a state where other power sources other than the system power supply 12 in the power supply source 30 are not operating. In the state where the entire 30 can supply power, the fuel cell 32 is used with the highest priority.

  Subsequently, in step S <b> 12, the wattmeter 40 detects the power consumption Px of the power consuming device 15. This power consumption data is sent to the management control panel 50. Then, the process proceeds to step S14.

  Subsequently, in step S <b> 14, the management control panel 50 supplies power for the target power Pa from the fuel cell 32 of the power supply source 30 to the power consuming device 15 via the distribution board 14. Then, the process proceeds to step S16.

  Subsequently, in step S16, the management control panel 50 compares the target power Pa and the power consumption Px. When Pa> Px, the process proceeds to step S18. When Pa <Px, the process proceeds to step S20. When Pa = Px, the process proceeds to step S24.

  Subsequently, in step S18, since the power consumption Px is smaller than the target power Pa, the management control panel 50 supplies the power corresponding to the power consumption Px from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 and the surplus power Pe ( = Pa−Px) is supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the storage battery 36 for charging, and the process proceeds to step S24.

  Subsequently, in step S24, the management control board 50 stops the power supply from the system power supply 12. Thus, since the power consuming device 15 operates with power (power consumption Px) supplied only from the fuel cell 32, power supply from the system power supply 12 is not necessary. Then, the surplus power Pe of the fuel cell 32 is charged in the storage battery 36.

  On the other hand, in step S20, the management control panel 50 uses the fuel cell 32 with the highest priority and supplies power to the power consuming device 15 so that the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 becomes the target power Pa. . Further, the management control panel 50 supplies the insufficient power Pf (= Px−Pa) to the power consuming device 15 from at least one of the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A.

  Here, the supplyable power from the solar power generation device 34 is Ps, the supplyable power from the wind power generation device 35 is Pw, the supplyable power from the storage battery 36 is Pv, and the supplyable power from the in-vehicle battery 38A is Pc. . The management control panel 50 compares the four powers 1) Ps, 2) Ps + Pw, 3) Ps + Pw + Pv, 4) total power Pt = Ps + Pw + Pv + Pc with the shortage power Pf, and selects a combination that compensates for the shortage power Pf. The power is supplied from the power source to the power consuming device 15. In addition, when the shortage electric power Pf cannot be supplemented, electric power is automatically supplied from the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A. Then, the process proceeds to step S22.

  Subsequently, in step S22, it is determined whether or not the insufficient power Pf is compensated using at least one of the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A. When the insufficient power Pf is compensated, the process proceeds to step S24, and when it is not compensated, the process proceeds to step S26.

  Subsequently, in step S <b> 26, the management control panel 50 supplies the power ΔPf (= Pf−Pt) corresponding to the difference between the insufficient power Pf and the total power Pt from the system power supply 12 to the power consuming device 15.

  As described above, in the power control system 20, the fuel cell 32, the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, the in-vehicle battery 38A, and the grid power source 12 The fuel cell 32 continues to supply power at the target power Pa.

  In FIG. 7, as an example, the power consumption and the power supply source at 7 o'clock, 14 o'clock, and 20 o'clock of the house 10 are shown in a graph. At 7 o'clock, the target power Pa of the power consumption P3 is supplied from the fuel cell 32, and the remaining power (P3-Pa) is supplied from the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, and the storage battery 36. Yes. At 14:00, the target power Pa is supplied from the fuel cell 32, and the surplus power Pe (= Pa-P2) is charged from the fuel cell 32 to the storage battery 36. At 20:00, Pa of the power consumption P4 is supplied from the fuel cell 32, and (P4-Pa) is from the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, the in-vehicle battery 38A, and the system power supply 12. Have been supplied. Note that the graph of power consumption and power supply source shown in FIG. 7 can be confirmed on the display 63 by selecting with the menu switch 62C in the U / I 62 shown in FIG.

  As described above, in the power control system 20 according to the first embodiment, the management control panel 50 controls the power consumption device 15 based on the power consumption information of the power consumption device 15 of the house 10 detected by the power meter 40. The power supply source and the power supply amount are determined, and power is supplied from the power supply source 30 to the power consuming device 15.

  Here, the management control panel 50 compares the power consumption Px detected by the wattmeter 40 with the target power Pa of the fuel cell 32, and supplies power so that the power generated by the fuel cell 32 becomes the target power Pa. Of the power supplied from the source 30 to the power consuming device 15, control is performed so that the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 is used with priority. Thereby, since the fuel cell 32 continues the operation of outputting the substantially constant target power Pa, the partial load operation of the fuel cell 32 is suppressed, and the fuel cell 32 can be used effectively.

  In the power control system 20, when the power consumption Px of the power consuming device 15 is smaller than the target power Pa, the management control panel 50 transfers a part of the power corresponding to the target power Pa from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15. To supply. The management control panel 50 then supplies (charges) surplus power Pe corresponding to the difference between the target power Pa and the power consumption Px from the fuel cell 32 to the storage battery 36. Thus, even if surplus power Pe is generated when the fuel cell 32 is operated so as to output a substantially constant target power Pa, the surplus power Pe is charged to the storage battery 36, so that the surplus power Pe is wasted. It is not necessary to consume it.

  Further, in the power control system 20, when the power consumption Px of the power consuming device 15 is larger than the target power Pa, the management control panel 50 supplies power corresponding to the target power Pa from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15. . Further, the management control panel 50 consumes the insufficient power Pf corresponding to the difference between the target power Pa and the power consumption Px from at least one of the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A. Supply to the device 15. As described above, even if the insufficient power Pf is generated when the fuel cell 32 is operated to output the substantially constant target power Pa, the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A. Since power is supplied from at least one of the power consumption devices 15 to the power consumption device 15, a shortage of power supply to the power consumption device 15 can be prevented.

  In addition, in the power control system 20, when the fuel cell 32 is operated at a substantially constant target power Pa, the power that the fuel cell 32 alone lacks is a solar power generation device 34, a wind power generation device 35, a storage battery 36, Even if the total power Pt of the in-vehicle battery 38A becomes larger, the shortage of power is supplied from the system power supply 12 to the power consuming device 15 to be supplemented, so that insufficient power supply to the power consuming device 15 can be prevented.

(Second Embodiment)
An example of a building power control system according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Note that parts and members that are basically the same as those in the first embodiment described above are assigned the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

  The power control system for a building according to the second embodiment has basically the same configuration as that of the power control system 20 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The difference is that emergency information for notifying that an earthquake is occurring is transmitted and that the target power of the fuel cell 32 is set in two patterns.

  Specifically, a NET I / F 58 of the management control panel 50 shown in FIG. 3 is provided so as to be able to receive emergency information from the host server 60. Further, in the management control panel 50, the fuel cell 32 is set to be divided into a first target power Pa at the normal time and a second target power Pb at an emergency time that is larger than the first target power Pa.

  Further, the management control panel 50 receives the emergency information by the NET I / F 58, and the insufficient power Pf, which is the difference between the power consumption Px of the power consuming device 15 and the first target power Pa of the fuel cell 32, is When the total power Pt of the photovoltaic power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, and the in-vehicle battery 38A is larger, the first target power Pa is set to the second target power Pb (for example, 90% of the maximum output Pmax). It is set to change. That is, it is set to perform control to increase the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 as compared with the normal time.

(Function)
Next, the operation of the second embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 8, in the house 10, the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 by the management control panel 50 is normal during normal times (for example, 20:00 in the first embodiment). Control is performed so that one target power Pa is obtained. Further, the management control panel 50 supplies power corresponding to the insufficient power Pf (= P4−Pa) from the solar power generation device 34, the wind power generation device 35, the storage battery 36, the in-vehicle battery 38A, and the system power supply 12 to the power consuming device 15. To supply.

  Here, when an earthquake or the like occurs in the house 10, the power consumption of the power consuming device 15 may increase from P4 to P5 due to lighting of a place not normally used for evacuation. At this time, the management control panel 50 recognizes the emergency when the NET I / F 58 receives the emergency information, and detects that the insufficient power Pf is larger than the total power Pt. Then, the management control panel 50 changes the setting of the first target power Pa to the second target power Pb, and increases (increases) the power supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 as compared with the normal time. Thereby, since the electric power supplied from the fuel cell 32 to the power consuming device 15 increases, it is possible to prevent a shortage of power supply to the power consuming device 15.

(Third embodiment)
An example of a building power control system and a residential area power management system according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Note that parts and members that are basically the same as those in the first and second embodiments described above are given the same reference numerals as in the first and second embodiments, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

  FIG. 9 schematically shows an area management system 100 as an example of a power management system for a residential area.

  The area management system 100 is provided with three houses 10A, 10B, and 10C in the living area 110 as an example. The homes 10A, 10B, and 10C are provided with power control systems 20A, 20B, and 20C and U / Is 62A, 62B, and 62C that display power supply information of the power control systems 20A, 20B, and 20C. In the living area 110, a host server 60 as an example of a centralized management unit is provided.

  Note that the subscripts A, B, and C are provided in the homes 10A, 10B, and 10C. For example, the power control system 20A represents the power control system 20 of the first embodiment provided in the house 10A, and the U / I 62A represents the U / I 62 of the first embodiment provided in the house 10A. Yes. In the following description, the subscripts A, B, and C may be omitted when there is no need to distinguish the houses 10A, 10B, and 10C.

  The house 10A is provided with a power consuming device 15A, a fuel cell 32A, a solar power generation device 34A, a storage battery 36A, a management control panel 50A, and a U / I 62A. Illustration of the system power supply 12 and the in-vehicle battery 38A (see FIG. 1) is omitted.

  Similarly, the home 10B is provided with a power consuming device 15B, a fuel cell 32B, a solar power generation device 34B, a storage battery 36B, a management control panel 50B, and a U / I 62B, and the home 10C includes a power consuming device 15C. A fuel cell 32C, a solar power generation device 34C, a storage battery 36C, a management control panel 50C, and a U / I 62C are provided.

  The host server 60 acquires and compares the power generation amounts of the solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, and 34C in the homes 10A, 10B, and 10C, and generates a power generation amount lower than that of the other homes 10 (here, as an example, It is set so as to notify the U / I 62 of the house 10 having the solar power generation device 34) that the power generation amount of the solar power generation device 34 is lowered to the U / I 62 having the solar power generation device 34). Has been. Specifically, the host server 60 stores the area of the solar panel 34M (light receiving surface) for each of the houses 10A, 10B, and 10C, and uses the acquired power generation amounts of the solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, and 34C as sunlight. The power generation amount per unit area divided by the area of the panel 34M is set to be compared.

  Further, the host server 60 stores the first power generation amounts PsA, PsB, and PsC (not shown) per unit area in the past (for example, one year ago) for each of the solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, and 34C. . Then, the host server 60 compares the second power generation amounts Ps1, Ps2, and Ps3 (not shown) per unit area acquired for each of the houses 10A, 10B, and 10C, and the second power generation that is lower than the other houses 10 When there is an amount of houses 10, the first power generation amount (any one of PsA, PsB, and PsC) and the second power generation amount (any one of Ps1, Ps2, and Ps3) in the house 10 are calculated. In comparison, if the second power generation amount exceeds the power generation amount allowable range S set based on the first power generation amount (the range S indicated by hatching in FIG. 10), the photovoltaic power generation device is transferred to the U / I 62. It is set to notify that 34 inspections (or repairs) are necessary.

FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the power generation amount (unit kW) and the solar radiation amount (unit kW / m ² ) in the solar power generation device 34 (see FIG. 9). When the solar power generation device 34 is functioning (operating) normally, the power generation amount is X1, X2, X3, (X4)... As the solar radiation amount increases as Y1, Y2, Y3. To increase. For this reason, the point Q1 (X1, Y1), the point Q2 (X3, Y2), and the point Q3 (X4, Y3) are within the allowable range S of the power generation amount. In addition, the allowable range S of the power generation amount is set as an average value ± 10% of the past power generation amount as an example.

  Here, as an example, regarding the point Q4 (X2, Y3), although the amount of solar radiation is as high as Y3, the power generation amount is as low as X2, and thus exceeds the allowable range S (becomes lower than the allowable range S). Yes. This indicates that some problem has occurred in the solar power generation device 34 and the output has decreased. Therefore, the host server 60 (see FIG. 9) is configured to notify the U / I 62 (see FIG. 9) of the corresponding house 10 that the inspection is necessary when the power generation amount exceeds the allowable range S. It has become.

(Function)
Next, the operation of the third embodiment will be described.

  With reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 11, the power management by the area management system 100 of 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated. In addition, about each part and each member which comprise the area management system 100, description of a separate drawing number is abbreviate | omitted as referring FIG.

  In step S30, an instruction for detecting the power generation amount of the solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, 34C is transmitted from the host server 60 to the management control panels 50A, 50B, 50C of the houses 10A, 10B, 10C. Then, the management control panels 50A, 50B, and 50C detect the power generation amounts of the solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, and 34C with the respective wattmeters 40 (see FIG. 2), transmit the detected amounts to the host server 60, and proceed to Step S32. To do.

  Subsequently, in step S32, the host server 60 divides the power generation amount of the obtained solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, and 34C by the area of the solar panel 34M (light receiving surface) to obtain the second power generation per unit area. It converts into quantity Ps1, Ps2, Ps3. Then, control goes to a step S34.

  Subsequently, in step S34, the second power generation amounts Ps1, Ps2, and Ps3 of the houses 10A, 10B, and 10C are compared. Here, as an example, when the second power generation amount Ps1 of the home 10A is lower than the second power generation amounts Ps2 and Ps3 of the homes 10B and 10C (for example, 80% of the second power generation amounts Ps2 and Ps3). Control goes to step S36. On the other hand, when the second power generation amounts Ps1, Ps2, and Ps3 are approximately the same (for example, the difference is within 10%), it is determined that the solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, and 34C are operating normally, and the comparison is performed. finish. The comparison of the second power generation amounts Ps1, Ps2, and Ps3 is performed at a preset time point (for example, every two hours from 6 o'clock) between preset time zones (eg, 6 o'clock to 16 o'clock). Done.

  Subsequently, in step S36, the host server 60 compares the first power generation amount PsA of the house 10A in the past with the obtained second power generation amount Ps1. If the second power generation amount Ps1 exceeds the allowable power generation amount range S (see FIG. 10), the process proceeds to step S38. On the other hand, when the first power generation amount PsA and the second power generation amount Ps1 are approximately the same (for example, the difference is within 10%), it is determined that the solar power generation device 34A is operating normally, and the comparison ends. .

  Subsequently, in step S38, the host server 60 transmits to the management control panel 50A of the house 10A that the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 34A needs to be inspected and repaired. Then, as shown in FIG. 12, the management control panel 50 </ b> A displays a message for notifying that the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 34 </ b> A (see FIG. 9) needs to be checked on the display 63 of the U / I 62 </ b> A. At this time, a sound or warning sound may be output from the speaker 66 (see FIG. 4) of the U / I 62A to notify the resident of the house 10A (see FIG. 9).

  As described above, in the area management system 100 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 9, a resident of a house 10A in which a failure of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 34A has occurred (or is estimated to have failed) is one house 10A. Since it is possible to recognize a failure of the solar power generation device 34A that is difficult to understand by itself, it is possible to prevent the failed solar power generation device 34A from being used as it is (while power generation efficiency is poor).

  Moreover, in the area management system 100, since the host server 60 calculates | requires and compares the electric power generation amount per unit area of the solar power generation device 34 (34A, 34B, 34C) for every house 10A, 10B, 10C, Even if the areas of the solar panels 34M (light receiving surfaces) are different between the houses 10A, 10B, and 10C, an appropriate comparison is performed. Thereby, it is possible to appropriately notify the necessity of inspection to the house 10 that requires inspection of the solar power generation device 34.

  Further, in the area management system 100, when the host server 60 has the house 10 with the second power generation amount lower than that of the other houses 10, the past first power generation amount and the current second power generation amount in the house 10 are Therefore, even if the installation location of the solar power generation devices 34A, 34B, 34C and the orientation of the solar panel 34M are different in the homes 10A, 10B, 10C, solar power generation It is possible to appropriately notify the necessity of inspection to the house 10 that requires inspection of the device 34.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to said embodiment.

  In the area management system 100, when the emergency is a power outage, the power consumption of the fuel cell 32 is increased from Pa to Pb. It may be set to display on the display 63 such as stop of use of the.

  Moreover, it is good also considering the center point of the tolerance | permissible_range S (reasonable area | region) shown in FIG. 10 as the average value of the some solar power generation device 34 in the living area 110. FIG. Furthermore, you may set the tolerance | permissible_range S in the range which the manufacturer of the solar power generation device 34 recommends. In addition, the number of houses 10 in the living area 110 may be two or four or more.

  The priority of other power sources (solar power generation device 34, wind power generation device 35, storage battery 36, in-vehicle battery 38A, and system power supply 12) other than the fuel cell 32 in the power supply source 30 is any of the priority orders 1. It may be a place. However, since the system power supply 12 is purchased power, it is desirable to set so that the system power supply 12 is not used as much as possible.

  In addition, when only the current second power generation amount is compared without comparing with the past first power generation amount, and there is a house 10 having a lower power generation amount per unit area than the other houses 10, the house 10 The U / I 62 may be informed that the photovoltaic power generator 34 needs to be inspected.

  Furthermore, the past first power generation amount is not limited to the power generation amount in the same period of one year ago, and a value obtained by averaging the cumulative amount for one year or several years by the number of days may be used.

10 Housing (an example of a building)
12 system power supply 15 power consuming equipment 20 power control system (an example of building power control system)
30 Power supply source 32 Fuel cell 34 Solar power generator (an example of a power generator)
34M Solar panel (an example of a light receiving surface)
35 Wind power generator (an example of a power generator)
36 Storage battery 40 Wattmeter (an example of a power consumption detector)
50 Management control panel (an example of a power control unit)
58 Network interface (example of receiver)
60 Host server (example of centralized management unit)
62 User interface (example of display)
100 area management system (an example of a residential area power management system)
110 Living area

Claims (6)

A power supply source comprising: a fuel cell that generates electricity by a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant; a power generator that generates power using natural energy; and a storage battery that stores electric power;
A power consumption detector that detects power consumed by power consuming devices arranged in the building;
A target power that is provided in the building and is a target to be supplied from the fuel cell to the power consuming device is set, and the power consumption detected by the power consumption detector is compared with the target power, and the power consumption detection is performed. When the power consumption of the power consuming device detected by the unit is larger than the target power, the fuel cell is used with the highest priority so that the power supplied from the fuel cell to the power consuming device becomes the target power. Control to supply power to the power consuming device and supply insufficient power corresponding to the difference between the power consumption of the power consuming device and the target power from at least one of the power generation device and the storage battery to the power consuming device. A power control unit to perform ,
A receiving unit that is provided in the power control unit and receives emergency information indicating that the situation is different from the normal time;
I have a,
In the power control unit, the target power of the fuel cell is set to be divided into a first target power in a normal time and a second target power in an emergency that is larger than the first target power,
The power control unit, when the receiving unit receives emergency information, and the insufficient power is greater than the total power that is the sum of the power supplied from the power generation device and the power supplied from the storage battery, A power control system for a building that performs control to change the first target power to the second target power and increase the power supplied from the fuel cell to the power consuming device as compared to a normal time .   When the power consumption of the power consuming device detected by the power consumption detection unit is smaller than the target power, the power control unit transfers a part of the power corresponding to the target power from the fuel cell to the power consuming device. 2. The building power control system according to claim 1, wherein surplus power corresponding to a difference between the target power and power consumption of the power consuming device is supplied from the fuel cell to the storage battery. The power supply source is connected to a system power supply,
The power control unit corresponds to a difference between the shortage power and the total power when the shortage power is larger than a total power that is a sum of power supplied from the power generation device and power supplied from the storage battery. The building power control system according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein control is performed to supply the power to be supplied from the system power supply to the power consuming device. The building power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the building power control system is provided in a plurality of the buildings in a living area.
A display unit that is provided in each of the plurality of buildings and displays information on the power control system of the building;
The power generation amount of the power generation device is reduced to the display unit of the building that is provided in the living area and obtains and compares the power generation amount of the power generation device in a plurality of the buildings and is lower than the other building A centralized management unit that reports
Residential area power management system. The power generation device is a solar power generation device that generates sunlight by receiving sunlight at a light receiving surface ,
The centralized management unit stores the area of the light receiving surface for each of the plurality of buildings and compares the power generation amount per unit area obtained by dividing the power generation amount acquired for each of the plurality of buildings by the area of the light receiving surface. And the electric power management system of the residential area of Claim 4 which alert | reports that the inspection of the said photovoltaic power generation apparatus is required to the said display part of the said building where the electric power generation amount per unit area is lower than the said other building . In the centralized management unit, the first power generation amount per unit area in the past is stored for each of the plurality of solar power generation devices,
The centralized management unit compares the second power generation amount per unit area acquired for each of the plurality of buildings, and when there is the second power generation amount building lower than the other buildings, When the first power generation amount is compared with the second power generation amount, and the second power generation amount exceeds an allowable range of the power generation amount set based on the first power generation amount, the display unit The power management system for a residential area according to claim 5 , which notifies that the inspection of the solar power generation device is necessary.

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