JP5930765B2 - Roller bit wear detection device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydraulic roller bit wear detection device that detects wear of a drill bit in a roller bit that is attached to a cutter head of an excavator or a shield machine and excavates hard ground such as a rock.

  As a conventional cutter wear detection technique, 1) a magnetic head around which a primary coil and a secondary coil are wound is housed in a detection head that detects wear of a cutter bit, and a part thereof is exposed to the cutting surface. FIG. 1-9 of Patent Document 1 discloses that a change in magnetic resistance due to wear of an AC voltage applied to a primary coil is detected by an output voltage of a secondary coil. 2) FIG. 10 of Patent Document 1 discloses a sensor container in which a wear detection sensor is embedded in a predetermined position of a cutter bit. Further, 3) An example in which a cylindrical sealed container filled with a pressure fluid is embedded in a cutter bit and the damage of the sealed container due to wear is detected by a pressure drop of the pressure fluid with a pressure gauge is shown in FIG. 11.

Japanese Patent No. 3247628 (FIGS. 1-9, 10, 11)

  By the way, a large impact force and load are applied to a roller bit for excavating hard ground such as rock, and complex parts and delicate parts such as detection members such as thin metal wires are applied as in conventional techniques 1) and 2). When using, there is a problem that it is easily damaged.

  In addition, as in the prior art 3), a device that detects a change in hydraulic pressure of a sealed container that is damaged by wear has a simple structure and is suitable for a cutter bit fixed to a cutter head. However, when it is applied to a roller bit that is rotated by receiving a large load during excavation, there is a problem that it is very difficult to form a pressure pipe that detects a change in hydraulic pressure. This is because a conical roller bearing that supports radial and thrust loads is used as a bearing interposed between the roller bit and the support shaft, and the bearing is constructed in a wet manner soaked in oil. This is because.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic roller bit wear detection device that can detect wear well even for a roller bit to which a large impact force or load is applied.

The invention according to claim 1
A roller bit wear detection device that detects a wear state of a cutting tip provided on a cutting edge portion of a bit body, the bit body being rotatably supported on a support shaft via a bearing,
In the lubricating oil chamber formed between the shaft hole of the bit body and the support shaft, the bearing consisting of at least a pair of bearing portions is interposed,
In the shaft hole of the bit body between the pair of bearing portions, an inner ring that is rotatably fitted to the support shaft is attached,
In the inner ring, an inner circumferential groove formed along the inner circumferential surface of the hole, a communication hole communicating from the inner circumferential groove to the outer circumferential surface, and the pair of bearing portions separated from each other by the inner ring A through hole communicating with the lubricating oil chamber,
A detection chamber formed at a predetermined depth in the cutting edge of the bit body, and a pressure oil passage communicating the detection chamber and the communication hole;
From the detection pressure oil injection hole formed in the support shaft, the pressure oil is supplied to the detection chamber via the inner circumferential groove, the communication hole, and the pressure oil passage, and the cutting edge portion is determined from the hydraulic value of the supplied pressure oil. Is to detect the wear of the.

The invention according to claim 2 is the configuration according to claim 1,
An outer peripheral groove to which the communication hole is connected is formed on the entire outer periphery of the inner ring.

The invention according to claim 3 is the configuration according to claim 1 or 2,
The cutting edge is a tip insert type in which drilling tips are planted at regular intervals on the base material at the outer periphery of the bit body,
The detection chamber is formed by perforating the base material between the excavation chips from the outer peripheral portion and building up the opening by welding.

The invention according to claim 4 is the configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Inner ring seals that are in sliding contact with the support shaft are provided on inner seal grooves formed on both sides of the inner ring groove of the inner ring.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, even in the case of a roller bit in which a lubricating oil chamber is formed between the support shaft and the bit body and a pair of bearing portions are interposed, lubrication is performed in the shaft hole of the bit body. An inner ring that is rotatably fitted to the support shaft is attached between the bearings in the oil chamber, and the detection pressure oil is supplied from the detection pressure oil injection hole formed on the support shaft to the inner circumference formed on the inner ring. By supplying the detection chamber through the pressure oil passage of the bit body from the groove or the communication hole, it is possible to reliably detect the wear of the cutting edge even in the case of a roller bit to which a large impact or load is applied from the hard excavated ground. be able to. Further, through the through hole formed in the inner ring, the lubricating oil chamber divided for each bearing portion by the inner ring can be communicated. Therefore, it is sufficient to supply oil to one lubricating oil chamber, and the oil supply structure can be simplified.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, since the outer peripheral groove is formed in the outer peripheral portion of the inner ring, it is not necessary to align the communication hole and the pressure oil passage, and the mounting work of the inner ring into the shaft hole of the bit body is eliminated. It can be done easily.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, since the cutting edge portion is a tip insert type, the detection chamber can be formed by drilling the base material between the drilling tips on the outer periphery of the cutting edge portion, and the cutting edge side of the drilling can be formed by welding. The detection chamber can be easily formed by overlaying and embedding.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, by providing the inner ring seal material on both sides of the inner ring groove of the inner ring, the inner ring groove can be well sealed at the sliding contact portion with the support shaft.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the roller bit which shows the Example of the wear detection apparatus of the roller bit which concerns on this invention. It is AA sectional drawing shown in FIG. It is a side view of a roller bit. It is a front view of an inner ring. It is BB sectional drawing of an inner ring shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the pressure oil supply detection part for wear detection. It is a front view of the cutter head which shows a gauge roller bit. It is a block diagram which shows the other Example of a pressure oil supply detection part.

[Example 1]
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a roller bit having a hydraulic wear detecting device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

[Cutter head]
FIG. 7 shows a cutter head 1 of a shield machine, which has three main spokes 2 extending in a radial direction from an axial center and coupled to an outer ring 4 and extending between the main spokes 2 in a radial direction from the central axis. And three auxiliary spokes 3 connected to the outer ring 4. A fixed cutter bit 5 and a roller bit 6 are attached to the main spoke 2, the sub spoke 3, and the outer ring 4, and the earth and sand intake 7 is formed between the main spoke 2 and the sub spoke 3.

One of these roller bits 6 installed on the outer peripheral portion of one main spoke 2 is configured as a gauge roller bit 6A for wear detection having a wear detection device.
[Gauge roller bit]
The gauge roller bit 6A is configured such that a bit body 30 is rotatably supported on a support shaft 10 via a bearing 20.

  At both ends of the support shaft 10, square columnar portions 11L and 11R having a square cross section to be attached to the bearing support portion 51 (FIG. 6) of the cutter head are formed, and are secured from the left rectangular column portion 11L to the right rectangular column portion 11R side. A flange portion 12, a rotation support portion 13, and a fixing male screw portion 14 are formed in this order.

  The bearing 20 is configured as an angular contact bearing in which a pair of conical roller bearings 21L and 21R are installed back to back, and the conical roller bearings 21L and 21R are configured in a wet manner soaked in lubricating oil. That is, a pair of left and right seal bodies 22L and 22R are provided between both end sides of the rotation support portion 13 of the support shaft 10 and the shaft hole 31 of the bit body 30, and a sealed lubricating oil chamber 23 is formed. Yes. In the lubricating oil chamber 23, conical roller bearings (bearing portions) 21L and 21R are installed at a predetermined interval between the rotation support portion 13 and the shaft hole 31 of the bit body 30, and the inner rings 21Li and 21Ri are rotatably supported. While being fixed to the portion 13, the outer rings 21 Lo and 21 Ro are fixed to the shaft hole 31 of the bit body 30. An inner ring 40 fitted in the shaft hole 31 of the bit body 30 is installed between the conical roller bearings 21 </ b> L and 21 </ b> R and is rotatably fitted to the rotation support portion 13.

  The left and right seal bodies 22L and 22R are configured in a symmetrical structure, and seal holders 24L and 24R fixed to the support shaft 10, seal rings 25L and 25R fixed to the bit body 30, and the seal holders 24L, 24R and seal rings 25L and 25R are provided, and a floating seal 26 that fits rotatably while sealing. The left seal holder 24L is regulated by the flange 12 and is fitted and fixed to the rotation support portion 13. The right seal holder 24R is fitted to the male screw portion 14 and fixed by the rotation prevention piece 27. The left and right seal holders 24L and 24R have outer peripheral surfaces 24a fitted into the shaft holes 31 through a gap. Further, the left and right seal rings 25L and 25R are fitted into the shaft hole 31 while being restricted from moving toward the center by the engaging step portions formed in the shaft hole 31, respectively. Furthermore, the left and right floating seals 26 are installed in a space between the seal holders 24L and 24R and the seal rings 25L and 25R, respectively, and are paired with a pair of ring bodies 26a and 26b. A ring seal material 26c interposed between the holders 24L and 24R and a ring seal material 26d interposed between the ring body 26a and the seal rings 25L and 25R to hold the ring body 26a are provided.

[Inner ring]
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the inner ring 40 includes an inner ring portion 41 that is in sliding contact with the rotation support portion 13 via an inner ring seal material 47 a on the inner peripheral surface of the hole portion 40 a, and a shaft hole 31. The outer ring portion 42 to be fit and the connecting wall portion 43 that connects the inner and outer ring portions 41 and 42 are formed in an I-shaped cross section. In the inner ring portion 41, an inner peripheral groove 44 is formed over the entire circumference along the central portion of the inner peripheral surface, and an outer peripheral groove 45 is formed over the entire periphery along the central portion of the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring portion 42. Further, one or a plurality of (four in every 90 °) communication holes 46 are formed in the connecting wall portion 43 in the radial direction so as to connect the inner peripheral groove 44 and the outer peripheral groove 45. Furthermore, an inner ring seal material 47a slidably contacting the rotation support portion 13 is provided on both sides of the inner circumferential groove 44 on the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring portion 41 via the inner circumferential seal groove 47, and the outer ring portion 42 Outer ring seal members 48 a that are in contact with the shaft holes 31 are provided on both sides of the outer peripheral groove 45 on the outer peripheral surface via the outer peripheral seal grooves 48.

  The inner ring 40 divides the lubricating oil chamber 23 into the conical roller bearings 21L and 21R. However, a plurality of through holes 49 are formed in the connecting wall portion 43 at regular intervals. It is formed at a position that does not become necessary. Accordingly, the left and right lubricating oil chambers 23 can be communicated, and circulating oil can be supplied to and filled in the left and right lubricating oil chambers 23 via the lubricating oil injection shaft hole 15A and the lubricating oil injection branch hole 15B. it can.

  A lubricating oil injection hole 15 and a detection pressure oil injection hole 16 are respectively formed in the support shaft 10. After the lubricating oil is filled into the opening on the left end surface of the lubricating oil injection shaft hole 15A, the closing plug 17 is attached. Further, a lubricating oil injection branch hole 15B extending in the radial direction from the inner end of the lubricating oil injection shaft hole 15A is formed and connected to the communication hole 24c of the seal holder 24L of the bearing 20. The right seal holder 24R has a lubricating oil adjustment hole 28 communicating with the lubricating oil chamber 23 and is closed by a closing plug 28a. When filling the lubricating oil into the lubricating oil chamber 23, the gauge roller bit 6A is set so that the left end surface is lower, and the lubricating oil supply nozzle is connected to lubricate the lubricating oil from the lubricating oil injection shaft hole 15A. The oil is supplied to the oil chamber 23, and the air is vented by removing the closing plug 28 a of the lubricating oil adjusting hole 28. Then, it is confirmed that the lubricating oil overflows from the lubricating oil adjusting hole 28 by visual inspection, and after the appropriate amount of the overflowing lubricating oil is extracted using a dropper or the like to absorb the expansion, the closing plug 28a is attached. After inverting and removing the lubricating oil supply nozzle, the closing plug 17 is attached to the lubricating oil injection shaft hole 15A.

  Further, the detection pressure oil injection shaft hole 16A is formed with a detection pressure oil injection port 16C opened in the right prism portion 11R in the radial direction. Furthermore, a detection pressure oil injection branch hole 16 </ b> B extending in the radial direction from the inner end of the detection pressure oil injection shaft hole 16 </ b> A is formed and opened facing the inner peripheral groove 44 of the inner ring 40. These detection pressure oil injection shaft holes 16A, detection pressure oil injection branch holes 16B, and detection pressure oil injection holes 16C constitute a detection pressure oil injection hole 16.

[Cutting edge, detection chamber]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cutting edge portion 32 protruding to the right in the axial direction of the bit body 30 is configured to be a tip insert type in which excavation tips 33 are embedded in the base material at regular intervals. Has been. And the detection chamber 34 is formed in the position of the wear detection depth D in the base material part in which the excavation tip 33 is not embedded. Pressure oil passages 35 </ b> A to 35 </ b> C that connect the outer circumferential groove 45 of the inner ring 40 and the detection chamber 34 are formed in the radial direction and the axial direction. Reference numeral 34a denotes a weld overlay formed by embedding an opening after drilling in order to form the detection chamber 34.

[Piping detector]
As shown in FIG. 6, a detection hydraulic pipe 53 connected to the detection pressure oil injection hole 16 is connected to a bearing support portion 51 that supports the right prism portion 11R of the support shaft 10 with a wedge block. A coupler 54A is attached to the inlet of the. A pressure oil supply pipe 55 for introducing detected pressure oil from a hydraulic pump 60, which is a hydraulic supply source installed on the shield machine main body side, to the coupler 54A provided on the cutter head 1 side connects the hydraulic hose 56 and the coupler 54B. Connected through. The pressure oil supply pipe 55 is provided with an open / close valve 58 operated by a wear detection switch 57 and a hydraulic gauge 59 for detecting the oil pressure of the pressure oil supply pipe 55.

  Therefore, when the cutting edge portion 32 approaches the durable excavation time when the wear limit is reached, the cutter head 1 is stopped, and the hydraulic hose 56 and the pressure oil supply pipe 55 are connected to the detection hydraulic pipe 53 via the couplers 54A and 54B. The on / off valve 58 is opened by operating the wear detection switch 57. Then, the pressure oil of the hydraulic pump 60 is injected into the detection pressure oil injection hole 16 of the gauge roller bit 6A through the pressure oil supply pipe 55 and the detection hydraulic pipe 53. Further, the pressure oil is sent from the inner circumferential groove 44, the communication hole 46, and the outer circumferential groove 45 of the inner ring 40 to the detection chamber 34 via the pressure oil passages 35 </ b> A to 35 </ b> C. At this time, when the wear of the cutting edge portion 32 is small and does not reach the detection chamber 34, a predetermined hydraulic pressure value is detected by the hydraulic pressure gauge 59. In addition, when the wear of the cutting edge portion 32 reaches the detection chamber 34, pressure oil is leaked, so that a predetermined hydraulic pressure value is not detected by the hydraulic pressure gauge 59.

  According to the above embodiment, the gauge roller in which the lubricating oil chamber 23 is formed between the rotation support portion 13 of the support shaft 10 and the shaft hole 31 of the bit body 30 and the pair of tapered roller bearings 21L and 21R are interposed. Even in the case of the bit 6A, an inner ring 40 that is rotatably fitted to the support shaft 10 is attached between the tapered roller bearings 21L and 21R in the shaft hole 31 of the bit body 30, and pressure oil for detection is supplied to the support shaft 10 From the detection pressure oil injection hole 16 formed in the inner ring 40 to the detection chamber 34 from the pressure oil passages 35A to 35C of the bit body 30 through the inner peripheral groove 44, the communication hole 46, and the outer peripheral groove 45 formed in the inner ring 40. Since it can be filled, the wear of the blade edge portion 32 can be reliably detected.

  Moreover, the lubricating oil chamber 23 divided by the inner ring 40 can be communicated with the through hole 49 formed in the inner ring 40, and it is sufficient to supply oil to one of the lubricating oil chambers 23, thereby simplifying the oil supply structure. be able to.

  Furthermore, since the blade tip portion 32 is a chip insert type, the detection chamber 34 is drilled from the outer periphery of the base material of the blade tip portion 32, and the blade tip side of this drilled hole is built up by welding and embedded, thereby forming the detection chamber 34. It can be formed easily.

  Furthermore, since the inner ring seal material 47a is provided on both sides of the inner peripheral groove 44 of the inner ring 40 via the inner peripheral seal groove 47, the inner peripheral groove 44 at the sliding contact portion between the inner ring 40 and the support shaft 10 is provided. Can be satisfactorily performed.

  Further, since the inner peripheral groove 44 connected to the communication hole 46 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring 40, the bit body 30 is connected to the support shaft 10 and the communication hole 46 and the detected pressure oil injection branch when detecting wear. It is not necessary to stop at a specific position where the hole 16B coincides with the hole 16B. Further, since the outer peripheral groove 45 connected to the communication hole 46 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 40, the communication hole 46 and the pressure oil are attached when the inner ring 40 is assembled into the shaft hole 31 of the bit body 30. It is not necessary to align with the passage 35C, and assembly can be easily performed.

[Example 2]
In the gauge roller bit 6A, the cutter head 1 is stopped and the wear is manually detected. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the wear of the cutting edge portion 32 can be automatically detected. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same member of Example 2, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

[Piping detector]
That is, the pressure oil supply pipe 55 is connected to the detection hydraulic pipe 53 via the shaft-equipped rotary joint 61 provided on the rotating shaft that supports the cutter head 1. In the wear monitoring unit 62 to which the monitoring operation signal is input by the wear detection switch 57, when the monitoring operation signal is input, the timer 63 opens the on-off valve 58 at regular intervals, and the hydraulic pump 60 (or the hydraulic actuator 65) Pressure oil is supplied to the detection chamber 34, and the oil pressure in the detection chamber 34 is detected by the oil pressure sensor 64 via the pressure oil supply pipe 55. In the wear monitoring unit 62, when the wear of the cutting edge portion 32 reaches the detection chamber 34 and the pressure oil flows out and a predetermined hydraulic pressure value is not detected by the hydraulic pressure sensor 64, the cutting edge portion 32 is worn. Judgment is made and a warning buzzer or warning lamp, which is the wear alarm 66, is activated.

  According to the second embodiment, it is possible to constantly monitor the wear of the cutting edge portion 32 of the gauge roller bit 6A. If the gauge roller bit 6A is worn, it can be automatically detected by the wear alarm 66, and the worn roller bit 6 can be quickly replaced with a new roller bit 6. Thereby, sufficient excavation speed can be maintained stably.

  In the above embodiment, one gauge roller bit 6A is provided in the cutter head 1, but a plurality of gauge roller bits 6A may be provided.

1 Cutter head 6 Roller bit 6A Gauge roller bit 10 Support shaft 16 Detection pressure oil injection hole 17 Closure plug 20 Bearing 21L, 21R Conical roller bearing 22L, 22R Seal body 23 Lubricating oil chamber 30 Bit body 31 Shaft hole 32 Cutting edge 33 Excavation Tip 34 Detection chambers 35A to 35C Pressure oil passage 40 Inner ring 44 Inner peripheral groove 45 Outer peripheral groove 46 Communication hole 49 Through hole 53 Detection hydraulic pipe 55 Pressure oil supply pipe 58 On-off valve 59 Hydraulic gauge

Claims (4)

A roller bit wear detection device that detects a wear state of a cutting tip provided on a cutting edge portion of a bit body, the bit body being rotatably supported on a support shaft via a bearing,
In the lubricating oil chamber formed between the shaft hole of the bit body and the support shaft, the bearing consisting of at least a pair of bearing portions is interposed,
In the shaft hole of the bit body between the pair of bearing portions, an inner ring that is rotatably fitted to the support shaft is attached,
In the inner ring, an inner circumferential groove formed along the inner circumferential surface of the hole, a communication hole communicating from the inner circumferential groove to the outer circumferential surface, and the pair of bearing portions separated from each other by the inner ring A through hole communicating with the lubricating oil chamber,
A detection chamber formed at a predetermined depth in the cutting edge of the bit body, and a pressure oil passage communicating the detection chamber and the communication hole;
From the detection pressure oil injection hole formed in the support shaft, the pressure oil is supplied to the detection chamber via the inner circumferential groove, the communication hole, and the pressure oil passage, and the cutting edge portion is determined from the hydraulic value of the supplied pressure oil. A roller bit wear detection device characterized by detecting wear of a roller. The roller bit wear detection device according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral groove to which the communication hole is connected is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring over the entire periphery. The cutting edge is a tip insert type in which drilling tips are planted at regular intervals on the base material at the outer periphery of the bit body,
3. The roller bit wear detection device according to claim 1, wherein the detection chamber is formed by drilling a base material between the excavation tips from an outer peripheral portion and depositing an opening thereof by welding. The roller bit wear according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an inner ring seal material that is slidably contacted with the support shaft is provided in inner seal grooves formed on both sides of the inner ring groove of the inner ring. Detection device.

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