JP5924469B2 - Tsunami monitoring system - Google Patents

Tsunami monitoring system Download PDF

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JP5924469B2
JP5924469B2 JP2011168757A JP2011168757A JP5924469B2 JP 5924469 B2 JP5924469 B2 JP 5924469B2 JP 2011168757 A JP2011168757 A JP 2011168757A JP 2011168757 A JP2011168757 A JP 2011168757A JP 5924469 B2 JP5924469 B2 JP 5924469B2
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observation
wave
monitoring system
earthquake
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正示　明
明 正示
幸雄 藤縄
幸雄 藤縄
範久 上西
範久 上西
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株式会社藤縄地震研究所
東洋オートメーション株式会社
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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Description

この発明は、観測確認が容易な津波監視システムに関するものである。  The present invention relates to a tsunami monitoring system that allows easy confirmation of observation.

従来の津波監視における観測は、海上沖合（たとえばＧＰＳ波浪計による）又は沖合海底（たとえば海底潮位計による）において行われていた。しかしこれらはいずれも電源の確保、信号伝達路の確保に多額の費用を要し、また海上・海中のため、そのメンテナンスも容易ではなかった。今回の東日本大震災・大津波の貴重な体験を基に、今後、津波観測、警報システムの信頼性を上げるには、なによりも観測点を増やす必要があるが、その費用とメンテナンス性が当然のことながら前記の従来の方法では問題となる。  Observations in conventional tsunami monitoring have been performed offshore (eg, with a GPS wave meter) or offshore (eg, with a seafloor tide gauge). However, all of these require a large amount of money to secure the power supply and the signal transmission path, and are not easy to maintain because they are at sea and underwater. Based on this valuable experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, it will be necessary to increase the number of observation points in order to improve the reliability of the tsunami observation and warning system in the future. In fact, the conventional method is problematic.

この発明は観測装置設置の経済性とメンテナンス性において卓越したところの観測確認が容易な津波監視システムを得ることを目的とする。  It is an object of the present invention to obtain a tsunami monitoring system that facilitates observation confirmation where it is excellent in the economics and maintainability of installation of an observation apparatus.

そして、この発明は上記目的を達成するために、第１の解決解決手段として、陸上に設置したレーダーから発するレーダー波により、監視海面の測定を行い、それによって得たデーターを処理して降雨、波しぶきなどの外乱要素を消去して海面のみの隆起を測定し、この観測測定において海面の上昇が一定値を超えたときにおいて津波観測情報として警報を発することを特徴とする津波監視システムとしたものである。さらにこの際、監視海面の定性測定及び定量測定を行う。  And, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention, as a first solution means, measures the monitoring sea surface by radar waves emitted from radars installed on land, processes the data obtained thereby, and rains. A tsunami monitoring system characterized by measuring the sea level uplift by eliminating disturbance elements such as wave splash, and issuing a warning as tsunami observation information when the sea level rise exceeds a certain value in this observation measurement. Is. At this time, qualitative measurement and quantitative measurement of the monitoring sea level are performed.

上記第１の解決手段による作用としては次の通りである。すなわち、陸上に設置したレーダーから発するレーダー波により、監視海面の定性測定及び定量測定を行い、それによって得たデータを処理して降雨、波しぶきなどの外乱要素を消去して海面のみの隆起を測定し、この観測において海面の上昇が一定値を超えたときにおいて警報を発することを特徴とする津波監視システムによって、従来の津波監視においてその観測における海上沖合又は沖合海底において行われていた機器の電源の確保、信号伝達路の確保に多額の費用を要し、また海上・海中のため、そ機器のメンテナンスも容易ではなかった欠点を根本的に解消するものである。また今後、津波観測、警報システムの誤報を防ぎ信頼性を上げるには、なによりも観測点を増やす必要があるが、その費用とメンテナンス性が容易となる。  The operation of the first solving means is as follows. In other words, qualitative and quantitative measurements of the monitored sea surface are performed by radar waves emitted from radars installed on land, and the data obtained thereby are processed to eliminate disturbance elements such as rainfall and wave splash, thereby raising only the sea surface. The tsunami monitoring system is characterized in that the measurement is performed and a warning is issued when the sea level rise exceeds a certain value in this observation. A large amount of money is required to secure a power supply and a signal transmission path, and the problem that the maintenance of the equipment is not easy because it is at sea and underwater is fundamentally solved. In the future, in order to prevent misreporting of tsunami observation and warning systems and improve reliability, it will be necessary to increase the number of observation points, but the cost and maintenance will be easier.

また第２の解決手段としては、地震発生時に、陸上に複数箇所に設置したＰ波地震計の観測データをサーバーに集め、そこにおいて発生した地震のＰ波の分析により、既に緊急地震速報として用いられている手法から、震源と地震の規模を算出し、津波の発生の可能性とその大きさを予測することを特徴とする津波監視システムとし、前記第１の解決手段記載の津波監視システムのデータの津波観測情報とを総合的に判定して最終避難警報を発する。  The second solution is to collect observation data from P-wave seismometers installed at multiple locations on land at the time of the earthquake and use it as an emergency earthquake alert by analyzing the P-waves of the earthquakes that occurred there. The tsunami monitoring system described in the first solution is a tsunami monitoring system characterized by calculating an epicenter and the magnitude of an earthquake based on a known method and predicting the possibility and magnitude of a tsunami. The final evacuation warning is issued based on comprehensive judgment of the tsunami observation information in the data.

上記第２の解決手段による作用としては、地震発生時に、同じく陸上において複数箇所に設置したＰ波地震計の観測データをサーバーに集め、そこにおいて発生した地震のＰ波の分析により、既に緊急地震速報として用いられている手法から、震源が海であることと地震の規模を算出し、津波の発生の可能性とその大きさを予測することを特徴とする津波監視システムとしたものである。これまた従来津波観測装置・機器が海上・海中にあるため、その設置やメンテナンスが容易ではなかった欠点を根本的に解消するものである。また今後、津波観測、警報システムの信頼性を上げるには、なによりも観測点を増やすに当たり極めて有利であり、その費用を軽減し、またメンテナンス性が容易となる。  The second solution means that when an earthquake occurs, the observation data of P-wave seismometers installed at multiple locations on the land are collected on a server, and the analysis of the P-waves of the earthquake that occurred there has already resulted in an emergency earthquake. The tsunami monitoring system is characterized by predicting the possibility and magnitude of a tsunami by calculating the magnitude of the earthquake and the magnitude of the earthquake from the method used as a bulletin. In addition, since conventional tsunami observation devices and equipment are located on the sea and in the sea, the problems that have not been easy to install and maintain are basically eliminated. In the future, in order to improve the reliability of the tsunami observation and warning system, it is extremely advantageous to increase the number of observation points above all, reducing the cost and facilitating maintenance.

さらにまた第３の解決手段としてレーダーの観測角度（仰角）を、津波観測情報により下向き乃至水平に変更することを特徴とする津波監視システムとする。従来においてはレーダーで気象、雨の観測が行われているが、それらはいずれも地上設置のレーダーでは、上空における気象現象の観測であるため、上向きの角度（仰角）で観測が行われている。この発明のレーダーは、これら既存のレーダー設備を利用して前述のＰ波地震計、あるいは沖合いに設置のＧＰＳ波浪計、潮位計などで異常（津波のおそれ）を観測したときにおいて、その観測データで、下向き乃至水平にその角度を自動的に変え、海面の観測に移行する。  As a third solution, the tsunami monitoring system is characterized in that the observation angle (elevation angle) of the radar is changed downward or horizontally according to the tsunami observation information. Conventionally, radar and meteorological observations are carried out by radar, but since these are radars installed on the ground, they are observing meteorological phenomena in the sky, so they are observed at an upward angle (elevation angle). . The radar according to the present invention uses the existing radar equipment to observe abnormalities (possibility of tsunami) when observing abnormalities (possible tsunami) with the aforementioned P-wave seismometer, or a GPS wave meter or tide gauge installed offshore. Then, the angle is automatically changed from downward to horizontal, and the process shifts to sea level observation.

実施例３の解決手段の作用としては、従来の気象、雨の観測レーダーを、既設、新設を問わず、この発明に利用することができ、さらにその際、一台のレーダーで、気象、雨の観測と津波観測の両用に対応できることとなる。  As an action of the solution of the third embodiment, a conventional weather and rain observation radar can be used in the present invention regardless of whether it is an existing or a new one. It can be used for both observation and tsunami observation.

上述したようにこの発明の津波監視システムは、陸上に津波監視に関する装置をすべて設置することにより費用を軽減し、またメンテナンス性が容易となる。  As described above, the tsunami monitoring system of the present invention reduces the cost and facilitates maintenance by installing all the devices related to tsunami monitoring on land.

津波監視システムを説明する図である（実施例１）。It is a figure explaining a tsunami monitoring system (Example 1). 津波監視システムを説明する図である（実施例２）。It is a figure explaining a tsunami monitoring system (Example 2).

図１は津波監視システムを説明する図である。図１（ａ）は陸１と海２との状態を説明する図であり、海２は平穏で通常の状態を示す。陸１にはレーダー３が海上を走査できるような高所に設けられている。このレーダー３のレーダー波発射部は上下左右に移動旋回するようになっており、そのレーダー波によって海２の一定の海面を短周期で照射している。図１（ｂ）は海２に津波２’が発生した状態を示し、図１（ｃ）は海２に大津波２”が発生した状態を示している。ここでくわしくは陸上に設置したレーダー３から発するレーダー波により、監視海面の定性測定及び定量測定を行い、それによって得たデーターを処理し、さらに降雨、波しぶきなどの外乱要素を消去して海面のみの隆起を測定し、この観測測定において海面の上昇が一定値を超えたときにおいて警報を発する津波監視システムとしたものである。これらのデーターは津波観測情報として、後述のサーバー５のコンピュータ５’におくられて一括処理される。  FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a tsunami monitoring system. FIG. 1A is a diagram for explaining the state of the land 1 and the sea 2. The sea 2 is calm and shows a normal state. The land 1 is provided at a high place where the radar 3 can scan the sea. The radar wave emitting part of the radar 3 moves and turns up and down, left and right, and irradiates a certain sea surface of the sea 2 with a short period by the radar wave. FIG. 1 (b) shows a state where a tsunami 2 'is generated in the sea 2, and FIG. 1 (c) shows a state where a large tsunami 2 "is generated in the sea 2. Here, more specifically, a radar installed on land. The radar waves emitted from 3 measure the qualitative and quantitative measurements of the monitored sea surface, process the obtained data, and eliminate the disturbance elements such as rainfall and wave splash, and measure the sea level uplift. This is a tsunami monitoring system that issues an alarm when the sea level rise exceeds a certain value during measurement, and these data are sent to the computer 5 ′ of the server 5 (to be described later) as tsunami observation information and processed in a batch. .

前述の監視海面の定性測定、定量測定としてはつぎのようである。すなわちレーダー３の中心部からレーダービームが離れるほど観測機能は低下する傾向にあるので、レーダーの周波数帯により観測半径の定性領域と定量領域を区分して測定する。たとえばレーダーサイトから半径８０Ｋｍまでは、定量測定を行い、それによって海面の隆起を数値で可視化する。一方、半径８０Ｋｍを超える範囲に関しては、定性測定を行い、これによって変異を視覚的に捉える。この定性測定、定量測定の範囲（観測半径）は、レーダー３の周波数帯、設置場所（緯度、経度および標高）によって変わることとなる。つまり定性測定により定性的に遠方で起きた津波をより早く捉え、沿岸に近くなるにしたがい、定量測定により定量的に津波を捉えることで、その実際の規模を知ることができる。  The above-mentioned qualitative measurement and quantitative measurement of the sea surface are as follows. That is, since the observation function tends to decrease as the radar beam moves away from the center of the radar 3, the qualitative region of the observation radius and the quantification region are measured according to the radar frequency band. For example, from the radar site up to a radius of 80km, quantitative measurement is performed, and thereby the sea level uplift is visualized numerically. On the other hand, with respect to the range exceeding the radius of 80 km, qualitative measurement is performed, and thereby the mutation is visually captured. The range of qualitative measurement and quantitative measurement (observation radius) varies depending on the frequency band of radar 3 and the installation location (latitude, longitude, and altitude). In other words, the tsunami that occurred qualitatively far away by qualitative measurement can be detected more quickly, and as it gets closer to the coast, the actual scale can be known by capturing the tsunami quantitatively by quantitative measurement.

図２は他の実施例の津波監視システムを説明する図である。ここで４はＰ波地震計であり、陸１において複数個所において配置されている。海側で地震発生時に、このように陸上に複数箇所に設置したＰ波地震計４のＰ波４’の観測データをサーバー５のコンピュータ５’に集め、そこにおいて発生した地震のＰ波の分析により、震源地６と地震の規模を算出する。すなわち地震発生時に、このように陸上において複数箇所に設置したＰ波地震計４のＰ波４’の観測データをサーバー５のコンピュータ５’に集めそこにおいて、発生した地震のＰ波４’の分析により、震源地６が海側であることを確認し、加えて前記実施例１の、地震の規模を算出し、津波の発生の可能性とその大きさを予測する津波監視システムのデータの津波観測情報とを総合的に判定して、津波到達予想地域に対して最終避難警報（サイレン、チャイムなどの音、音声、光、フラッグなど）を発する津波監視システムとする。  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a tsunami monitoring system according to another embodiment. Here, 4 is a P-wave seismometer, which is arranged at a plurality of locations on the land 1. When an earthquake occurs on the sea side, the observation data of the P wave 4 'of the P wave seismometer 4 installed at multiple locations on the land in this way is collected in the computer 5' of the server 5, and analysis of the P wave of the earthquake that occurred there To calculate the epicenter 6 and the magnitude of the earthquake. That is, when an earthquake occurs, the observation data of the P wave 4 'of the P wave seismometer 4 installed at multiple locations on the land in this way are collected in the computer 5' of the server 5, where the analysis of the P wave 4 'of the generated earthquake is performed. To confirm that the epicenter 6 is on the sea side, in addition to calculating the magnitude of the earthquake and predicting the possibility and magnitude of the tsunami in Example 1, the tsunami of the tsunami monitoring system data A tsunami monitoring system that comprehensively determines the observation information and issues a final evacuation warning (siren, chime sound, voice, light, flag, etc.) to the predicted tsunami arrival area.

この実施例２もまた、従来の津波観測装置・機器が海上・海中にあるため、その設置やメンテナンスが容易ではなかった欠点を根本的に解消することとなる。また今後、津波観測、警報システムの誤報を防ぎ信頼性を上げるには、なによりも観測点を増やすに当たり極めて有利であり、その費用を軽減しまたメンテナンス性が容易となる。  Also in the second embodiment, since the conventional tsunami observation apparatus / equipment is in the sea or in the sea, the drawbacks that were not easy to install and maintain are fundamentally eliminated. In the future, it is extremely advantageous to increase the number of observation points in order to prevent misreporting of the tsunami observation and warning system and to increase the reliability, so that the cost can be reduced and the maintainability becomes easy.

さらにまたレーダーの観測角度を、津波観測情報により水平乃至下向きに変更することを特徴とする津波監視システムを説明する。従来においてはレーダーで気象、雨の観測が行われているが、それらはいずれも地上設置のレーダーでは、上空における気象現象の観測であるため、その上下方向の変位、すなわち上下首振りの中心角度（仰角）は上向きまたは水平で観測が行われている。この発明のレーダー３は、これら既存のレーダー設備を利用して、前述のＰ波地震計４、あるいは沖合いに設置のＧＰＳ波浪計、潮位計などで異常（津波のおそれ）を観測したときにおいて、その観測データを利用して、その上下首振りの中心角度を下向き乃至水平に自動的に変え、海面の観測に移行する。  Furthermore, a tsunami monitoring system characterized in that the radar observation angle is changed horizontally or downward according to the tsunami observation information will be described. Conventionally, radar and meteorological observations are carried out by radar. However, since these are observations of meteorological phenomena in the sky with radar installed on the ground, the vertical displacement, that is, the center angle of vertical swing (Elevation angle) is observed upward or horizontally. The radar 3 of the present invention uses these existing radar equipment to observe abnormalities (possibility of tsunami) with the aforementioned P-wave seismometer 4, or a GPS wave meter, tide gauge, etc. installed offshore. Using the observation data, the center angle of the vertical swing is automatically changed from downward to horizontal, and the process shifts to sea level observation.

実施例３は従来の気象、雨の観測レーダーを、既設、新設を問わず、この発明に利用することができ、その際、一台のレーダーで、前記従来の気象、雨の観測と津波観測の両用に対応できることとなる。  In Example 3, a conventional weather and rain observation radar can be used in the present invention, regardless of whether it is an existing or a new one. In this case, the conventional weather, rain observation and tsunami observation are performed with a single radar. It will be compatible with both.

１ 陸
２ 海
２’ 津波
２” 大津波
３ レーダー
４ Ｐ波地震計
４’ Ｐ波
５ サーバー
５’ コンピュータ
６ 震源地1 land 2 sea 2 'tsunami 2 "large tsunami 3 radar 4 P wave seismometer 4' P wave 5 server 5 'computer 6 epicenter

Claims (3)

陸上高所に設置したレーダーから発するＸバンド帯域相当のレーダー波により監視海面を一定周期でスキャンニングし、そのレーダー波の反射により監視海面の定性測定及び定量測定を行い、それによって得たデータを処理して降雨、波しぶきなどの外乱要素を消去して海面の隆起のみを測定し、この観測測定において海面の上昇が一定値を超えたときにおいて津波観測情報として警報を発することを特徴とする津波監視システム。The surveillance sea level is scanned at regular intervals by radar waves corresponding to the X-band bandwidth emitted from radars installed at high altitudes on the land, and the qualitative measurement and quantitative measurement of the surveillance sea level are performed by reflection of the radar waves. Processed to remove disturbance elements such as rainfall and wave splash and measure only sea level uplift, and when the sea level rise exceeds a certain value in this measurement, a warning is issued as tsunami observation information Tsunami monitoring system. 地震発生時に、陸上に複数箇所に設置したＰ波地震計の観測データをサーバーに集め、そこにおいて発生した地震のＰ波の分析により、海側の震源とその地震の規模を算出し、津波の発生の可能性とその大きさを予測し、津波の可能性とその大きさが一定値を超えたときにおいて、請求項１記載の津波監視システムのデータの津波観測情報とを総合的に判定して最終避難警報を発すること特徴とする津波監視システム。At the time of the earthquake, the observation data of P-wave seismometers installed at multiple locations on the shore are collected on a server, and by analyzing the P-wave of the earthquake that occurred there, the sea-side epicenter and the magnitude of the earthquake are calculated. The possibility of occurrence and its magnitude are predicted, and when the possibility and magnitude of tsunami exceeds a certain value, the tsunami observation information of the data of the tsunami monitoring system according to claim 1 is comprehensively determined. Tsunami monitoring system characterized by issuing a final evacuation warning. 請求項２記載の地震発生時に、陸上に複数箇所に設置したＰ波地震計の観測データをサーバーに集めて得た津波の発生の可能性がある場合の情報、またはＧＰＳ波浪計、海底潮位計などの津波情報により、陸上にあるレーダーの仰角観測角度を、自動的に下向き乃至水平に変更することを特徴とする津波監視システム。Information when there is a possibility of occurrence of tsunami obtained by collecting observation data of P wave seismometers installed at multiple locations on land at the time of earthquake occurrence according to claim 2 , or GPS wave gauge, seafloor tide gauge A tsunami monitoring system that automatically changes the elevation angle observation angle of radar on land from downward to horizontal according to tsunami information such as
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