JP5924464B2 - Centralized management system for water supply lines - Google Patents

Description

    The present invention relates to a technique for modifying the water quality of a water supply circuit in a house in accordance with the purpose of use of water in a detached house. More specifically, tap water supplied to the home via a water meter changes the water quality at the stage after the water tap (after the water meter) and consumes water of various types by changing the water quality. It is a management system that supplies up to a point.

    Not only condominiums but also detached houses have a desire to change the quality of residents' tap water freely so that it can be used for the purpose of water use. In fact, a water purifier is installed in a part of the water supply of a detached house. The purpose of installing the water purifier in this case is to prevent red water from coming out and to prevent the smell of chlorine. The function of the water purifier in this case is removal of residual free chlorine. For this reason, activated carbon is used in this type of water purifier, but the concentration of free chlorine is 0 ppm due to the water purifier in the initial stage of use, which causes mold. In addition, when activated carbon is used for a long time, microorganisms may grow in the pores inside the activated carbon.

    Some water purifiers remove ions, as in the example of water softeners. This has the function of removing calcium and magnesium ions in the water. This water purifier contains an ion exchange resin. This type of dehydrator does not have a function of removing substances other than ions (eg, organic substances and microorganisms). In addition, soft water is used as a water heater or cooking water for business purposes in relation to the size of the water purifier and the purpose of use.

    Water purifiers equipped with a polymer membrane are also commercially available to remove protozoa such as red rust and Cryptosporidium from water pipes. As the polymer membrane, a membrane having sterilizing properties is used. However, if there are multiple taps in an apartment house where the tap water supply line is open to the open air (such as a condominium with a water receiving tank or an elevated water tank) or a detached house, microorganisms can be mixed from the open air. In particular, the problem of microbial contamination is serious when free chlorine is removed to 0.1 ppm or less by activated carbon.

    Patent Document 1 uses a conventional water softener for calcium, magnesium, iron and aluminum that dissolves in cooling water for air conditioning and the like, uses a flocculant for silica, and for precipitates By using microfilters, there are proposals for energy saving as cooling water, environmental measures, and recyclable technology. However, this measure cannot be applied to tap water in detached houses due to lack of safety measures.

    A water purifier having a virus removal function has also been proposed. For example, as in Patent Document 2, microorganisms are removed by laminating a plurality of nanofiber layers. However, the virus removal performance is 3 or more (removability of 99.9% or more) on the logarithmic removal performance display and a removal mechanism with a sieving effect.

    There is a proposal of a technique for performing a plurality of purification processes with door-to-door central water purification to efficiently remove harmful substances and automatically manage them (Patent Document 3). In this method, there is no specific proposal for virus removal, and water of a quality suitable for the purpose of water consumption is not obtained.

    A central system that is attached to a water faucet as a place to install a purifier, one that is built into an indoor pipe (one that has a water faucet for the water purifier in addition to the main water faucet), or a central system that is directly connected to the circuit after the water meter There is. In any method, in order to carry out water reforming in accordance with the purpose of consumption, it is necessary to install as many dewatering devices as the number of water taps that make the treatment effect deep.

  JP-A-2005-135654   Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-539218   JP-A-10-192893

    The water supplied to each household as tap water is modified according to the purpose of use of water, and various kinds of water are produced as delicious water, safe water, and water that is easy to manage. The production of the water is realized by managing the water supply line instead of attaching various types of water purifiers to each water tap. To that end, we established the number of types of water required, specifically the properties of each water, the method of reforming tap water that gives the properties of the water, the method of delivering those water, and the method of installing the device for reforming. Must-have.

    The purpose of using household water can be classified into seven types. (1) 3 liters per person per day as drinking water, (2) 70 liters for baths, (3) 70 liters for toilets, (4) 70 liters for washing, (5) 65 liters for kitchens (6) Toilet 15 liters (7) Others (for cooking, cleaning, leisure, watering) 7 liters. For these seven types of water, safety for (1), low free chlorine concentration (2) low free chlorine concentration (3) high free chlorine concentration, (4) soft water (5) moderate free chlorine concentration (6) The required performance of low chlorine concentration and soft water (7) low silica concentration is required. It is necessary to design a water supply line that takes into account the ratio of the amount of water required per day.

    The possibility of the present invention could be confirmed by organizing the purpose of use of tap water and summarizing the performance required for each purpose from the viewpoint of water quality. That is, assuming that the free chlorine concentration in the supplied tap water is 0.5 ppm or more and PH <7, (a) low free chlorine concentration (b) PH = 7-8 (c) water softening (d) Combining technologies that remove bacteria, viruses, and prions can provide optimized water for each purpose.

    The greatest feature of the present invention is that, in a detached house, in a circuit for supplying water from a meter for each door to the door, a process for changing the water quality immediately after the water supply line from the meter to the door forks is added. . By performing the water reforming process in the pipe part immediately after branching, there are two types of water quality water, a pre-treatment line and a post-treatment line, as water distribution lines. Since it is immediately after branching, the management of the piping is easy and a time margin for the processing operation occurs. The number of branch points should be 6 or more.

    The present invention is characterized in that the water quality is changed to three or more according to the purpose of water supply at the consumption point. That is, the water supplied as tap water forms a water supply line as it is for toilets, sprinkling water and kitchen water for leisure. The water subjected to the treatment with a reduced free chlorine concentration serves as a water supply line for bathing and washing. This is a line for reducing the concentration of calcium and magnesium and supplying ultra-soft water to a dissolved silica component. By combining these three types of supply lines, seven types of water can be supplied in principle.

    In order to prevent microbial infection from water, it is also possible to add a water supply line for preventing microbial infection using a multilayer structure film having a specified average pore size and film thickness. Incorporating new water quality achieved in this water supply line, in principle, water with 15 types of water quality can be obtained. In consideration of the characteristics of the 15 types of water and the supply of hot water important in daily life, it is possible to centralize the water supply lines to 5 types that centrally manage the water supply lines with the minimum number of management items. As a result of the discovery, the centralized water supply line management system of the present invention was completed.

    The water supply line of the present invention is characterized by the simplicity of the branching of the water supply line in consideration of the purpose of water consumption to supply water of different water quality. That is, the water supplied as tap water is first branched into (1) low free chlorine water (abbreviated as low chlorine water) and (2) untreated tap water. The low-chlorine water is further divided into (i) for drinking water from which microorganisms have been removed, (b) for bathroom or washroom water with low chlorine water, and (c) water that has been treated with ultra-soft water (abbreviated as ultra-soft water). To do. The (c) ultra-soft water is branched into (d) water passing through the water heater and (c) water for washing and cleaning (for window glass cleaning, etc.) for car washing. (2) Untreated tap water is used for toilets, kitchens, and other miscellaneous purposes (leisure, watering, etc.).

    In the process of changing the water quality such as low chlorine water and ultra-soft water, there should be no dissolution or modification of toxic substances from the processing material into the water. In addition, it is necessary to add a treatment to prevent infectious substances such as microorganisms from entering the water supply.

In the low chlorination treatment that gives low chlorine water, a food additive having a reducing action is injected into a water supply line through a virus removal membrane. The injection method is a pore diffusion / filtration method, and the virus removal membrane is a multilayered membrane made of regenerated cellulose having an average pore diameter of 10 nm to 30 nm and a thickness of 30 μm to 200 μm. The pore diffusion / filtration method is a method in which the substance dissolved or dispersed in water moves through the pores in the membrane by diffusion, and the transmembrane differential pressure is reduced to a small pressure of, for example, 0.05 atm or less, thereby reducing the movement speed by water filtration. Means reduced pore diffusion. In the pore diffusion / filtration method, the driving force when a substance permeates through the pores in the membrane is centered on the concentration gradient, and is diffused by the Brownian motion of the material, and the membrane transports the material without clogging the pores of the membrane. Is a kind of pore diffusion. In addition to this motion, a volume flow (ie, filtration) due to a pressure difference is added, but the mass transfer speed is smaller than that due to the Brownian motion.

    Suitable food additives with a reducing action are citric acid, ascorbic acid and their alkali metal salts, especially sodium ascorbate. It fills the inside of the virus removal membrane which shape | molded the sodium ascorbate solid in the shape of an envelope. The envelope-like membrane containing the drug is loaded into the hole diffusion / filtration module to form a low chlorination treatment apparatus.

    As an ultra-softening method, first, amorphous ferric hydroxide colloidal particles (particle size of 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less) are added to aggregate and precipitate ions and fine particles charged with anions. Next, ions and particles charged with a cation are removed by filtration with a non-woven fabric or a woven fabric having a cation exchange property. The cation exchange capacity is desirably 0.05 meq / g or more and 0.5 meq / g or less. If the exchange capacity is larger than this, it is difficult to maintain the shape as a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric.

    A woven fabric and a non-woven fabric are molded into a bag shape and installed so that the direction of the long axis of the bag-like material is an angle of 2 to 10 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane, and the water to be treated passes through the inside of the bag-like material. This bag-like material not only adsorbs cations but also prevents the passage of fine particles in water.

    According to the present invention, water supplied as tap water can change its properties in accordance with its intended use. That is, the water for drinking water is a safe and delicious water having a low free chlorine concentration and no microparticles such as microorganisms. Both bath water and wash water are supplied with low chlorine and ultra soft water, both hot water and low chlorine water via a water heater. The water to the water heater is low-chlorine and ultra-soft water, which prevents rust and scale from adhering to the piping. For toilets, leisure and watering, the supplied tap water itself is supplied and the concentration of free chlorine is high and there is no generation of bacteria or mold. Kitchen water is supplied with tap water with high chlorine concentration and low-chlorine ultra-soft water and water, which can be used separately for cooking and dishwashing. Low chlorine and ultra soft water can be used as it is for washing, cleaning and car washing, and can prevent fogging of the window glass after drying.

    FIG. 1 summarizes the state of piping when tap water distributed to each house is sent to each consumption place. There are two types of piping: a water supply pipe indicated by a solid line and a hot water supply pipe indicated by a broken line. Each is a cross-linked polyethylene pipe, which is covered with a sheath pipe, the water supply pipe is distinguished in blue, and the hot water supply pipe is distinguished in red. Where three or more branches are used, 3 to 5 headers are used, and when two branches are used, sockets are used. There are three types of treatment for changing the quality of tap water: (1) low chlorination, (2) ultra-soft water, and (3) fine particle removal (F in the figure).

    An example of a low chlorination treatment apparatus is shown in FIG. Encapsulate a reducing food appendage in a solid state with a virus removal membrane. A container containing the drug is covered with a composite membrane composed of a virus removal membrane and a support, and is further brought into close contact with a container for hole diffusion / filtration covered with another composite membrane. With this device, food additives are dissolved and diffused into tap water by pore diffusion filtration. Adopt sodium ascorbate as a food additive. In order to set the pH of tap water to 7.5 to 8.0 and the free chlorine concentration to 0.1 ppm to 0.3 ppm, the pore characteristics of the virus removal membrane, the membrane area, and the size of the treatment apparatus are determined. Red rust does not occur in the circuit in which the treated water flows, and the water becomes less irritating to the skin and less salty.

    An example of an ultra-soft water treatment apparatus is shown in FIG. The apparatus is composed of three parts: a part for injecting a nucleating agent, a precipitation tank part, and an ion exchange / particulate removal part. The nucleating agent is an aqueous solution of amorphous ferric hydroxide colloidal particles having an average pore diameter of 13 nm, PH = 2.7, and the iron equivalent concentration is 5000 ppm. Inject into low chlorinated water so that the concentration of the nucleating agent is 0.1 ppm in terms of iron. The pH of the aqueous solution after the injection is 6.8 to 7.2. The size of the settling tank is designed to be not less than 1 liter and not more than 10 liters so that the average stay period of water is 30 minutes or more. It is determined in consideration of space restrictions depending on the specific installation location. In the ion exchange / fine particle removal portion, 100 g of ion exchange regenerated cellulose nonwoven fabric (ion exchange capacity 0.2 meq / g) is formed into a five-layer bag shape, and water is filtered from the inside of the envelope to the outside.

In order to further improve the safety of drinking water, a filtration process using a virus removal membrane is added. As a virus removal membrane, a regenerated cellulose flat membrane having an average pore size of 20 nm and a thickness of 80 μm is operated with an effective filtration area of 0.1 m ² and a transmembrane pressure of 2 atm. The surface of the flat membrane having a small pore diameter is set to the pressure side. The drinking water supplied is 1 liter per minute.

    The properties of the water supplied as tap water were PH = 6.4, iron ion concentration 1.3 ppm, free chlorine concentration 1.0 ppm, and calcium concentration 12 ppm. When this water is used and (1) the sodium ascorbate concentration is dropped by the pore diffusion / filtration method through the following virus removal membrane to a concentration of 0.05 ppm, pH 7.5, iron ion concentration = 0 ppm, free chlorine = 0 0.3 ppm and calcium concentration 11 ppm. Virus removal membrane: A regenerated cellulose multilayer structure film having an average pore diameter of 25 nm and a film thickness of 65 μm was placed on the regenerated cellulose multilayer structure film having an average pore diameter of 80 nm and a film thickness of 75 μm. This multi-stage multilayer structure was molded into an envelope shape, and 5 g of sodium ascorbate was sealed inside.

    The water after the low chlorination treatment obtained by the above method was filtered. The membrane used was produced by compressing a regenerated cellulose membrane having an average pore diameter of 18 nm and a thickness of 80 μm between rolls. The average pore diameter of the treated membrane was 15 nm and the thickness was 72 μm. For this membrane, the logarithmic removal coefficient using ferric hydroxide colloid particles having an average pore diameter of 20 nm (FCP20 manufactured by SepaSigma Co., Ltd.) was 3 or more. Using this membrane, filtration was performed by applying a pressure of 2 atm from a surface having a smaller pore diameter. Water obtained as a filtrate had a pH of 7.5, an iron ion concentration of 0 ppm, and a free chlorine of 0.3 ppm and a calcium concentration of 9 ppm. This water is water that guarantees optimum safety as drinking water.

    Ultra-soft water treatment under the following conditions was added to the water after low chlorination treatment. Ultra-softening treatment: Amorphous ferric hydroxide colloidal solution having an average pore size of 13 nm (SepaSigma Co., Ltd., nucleating agent, iron equivalent concentration 5000 ppm) was added at a volume of 1 / 10,000 with respect to the volume of treatment water. The pH of the water after addition becomes 7.0, and slight precipitation occurs when left for 30 minutes. The regenerated cellulose nonwoven fabric with a cation exchange capacity of 0.1 milliequivalent / g was molded into a 5-layer bag-like material, and the inside thereof was passed at a load pressure of 2 atm. The calcium concentration in the filtrate decreased to 4 ppm, and the cation concentration in the treated water decreased. The concentration of dissolved silica was 0.1 ppm or less.

    This technology makes it possible to supply water with water quality that satisfies the demands of residents in detached houses and the water requirements from the maintenance of pipes and water heaters on the water supply side. This technology is also used in buildings with large water supply facilities such as hospitals, factories, and schools.

Line display of water supply modification by purpose in detached houses. F indicates the setting location of the virus removal membrane module, and B indicates the setting location of the water heater. A solid line means a water supply line, and a broken line means a hot water supply line. Schematic of an ultra soft water treatment machine. (1) The nucleating agent injection part, (2) the coagulation sedimentation part and (3) the filtration / ion exchange part are not necessarily integrated, but in the order of (1), (2), (3) Water flows. Schematic diagram of a low chlorination treatment machine: A reducing food additive is embedded in a virus removal membrane and attached to a pore diffusion / filtration module.

MB: Meter box F: Virus removal membrane B: Water heater 1; Hot water pipe 2; Water flow direction 3; Water flow direction 4 after ultra soft water treatment; Coagulation sedimentation tank 5; Fixed frame 6; ion exchange part 7 laminated with ion exchange nonwoven fabric; nucleating agent injection part 8; cock 9; sediment recovery drain 10; packing agent 11; ion exchange nonwoven fabric 12; Spring 13; Nucleating agent 14; Injection pipe 15 to the water supply pipe; Rubber material 21 that clogs the flow path in the water supply pipe and allows the injection pipe to enter and exit; Container 22 filled with the chemical of the hole diffusion / filtration module; Air vent 23; Valve 24; Envelope-shaped molding 25 with virus removal membrane; Reducing plant additive (solid)
26; pore diffusion / filtration membrane 27; support 28; packing agent 29; support 27 and pore diffusion / filtration membrane 26 are attached in a container connected to the water supply pipe.

Claims (4)

In a detached house, in a circuit that supplies water from the water meter of each house to the interior, immediately after branching from the water meter to the water consumption point in the house, there are three types of water quality corresponding to the purpose of water supply at the consumption point In the centralized management system of the water supply line characterized by the above changes, the tap water after the water meter is the first branch point 1 (low chlorination treatment point) (1) low chlorine water treated water and untreated water The low-chlorine water treated water is branched into (2) (b) drinking water from which microorganisms have been removed and (b) untreated untreated water at the next branch point 2 (microbe removal treatment point) . The removed untreated water further branches at branch point 3 (ultra soft water treatment point) into (3) (a) treated water treated with ultra soft water and (b) untreated water treated water. part is supplied to the water heater, the other the remainder for washing, for cleaning, for the car wash, for the kitchen (for cooking) and not Water treated water management system, characterized in that it is supplied for a bath and for wash. A process of low chlorination process of the branch point 1 is implanted by applying the hole diffusion-filtered method of sodium ascorbate in water supply line according to claim 1, super soft water treatment nucleating agent and a cation-exchange branch point 3 Centralized management system for water supply lines, characterized by treatment with non-woven fabric or woven fabric having properties. In claim 2, a part of the low chlorine treated water becomes a line for supplying drinking water via the virus removal membrane at the branching point 2 and the ultra soft water line produced by the treatment at the branching point 3 branches into two. The central management system is characterized in that one branch is supplied to a water heater, and the other branch that does not pass through the water heater is a line used as washing water, car washing water, or cleaning water. The virus removal membrane according to claim 3 is a regenerated cellulose multilayer structure membrane having an average pore size of 10 nm to 30 nm and a thickness of 30 µm to 200 µm, and a nucleating agent for producing ultrasoft water has an average particle size of 5 nm to 20 nm. Amorphous ferric hydroxide colloidal particles, and a regenerated cellulose nonwoven fabric having a cation exchange capacity of 0.05 meq / g or more and 0.5 meq / g or less as a nonwoven fabric having cation exchange properties. A centralized management system featuring

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