JP5923358B2 - Road surface deflection measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a road surface deflection measuring device and a measuring method, and more particularly to a road surface deflection measuring device and a measuring method for continuously measuring the road surface deflection while a vehicle is traveling.

  Conventionally, various devices for measuring the deflection of the road surface have been proposed. For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 evaluate the supporting force of the road surface or the ground by applying an impact load to the road surface or the ground as FWD (Falling Weight Deflectionmeter) and obtaining the amount of deflection of the road surface or the ground at that time. An apparatus such as this is disclosed. However, these devices basically perform measurement with the measuring device stopped on the road surface or ground to be measured, and there are traffic regulations that restrict traffic between other vehicles during measurement. In addition to being necessary, since the measurement is performed at a point, there is a drawback that, if it is not done, a place where the supporting force is insufficient is overlooked.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 4 discloses a mobile road deflection measuring apparatus. This mobile road deflection measuring device applies an impact load to the road surface while moving the measuring device by a tow vehicle, and measures the deflection of the road surface at that time. It is excellent in that there are no drawbacks. However, the mobile road deflection measuring device disclosed in Patent Document 4 superposes the outputs from the two deflection measuring sensors arranged before and after the load point of the impact load in a temporally shifted manner, Since the amount of deflection of the road surface is obtained by taking the difference between the two, it is difficult to say that the amount of deflection within a certain region centered on the point of impact load is truly obtained. In addition, a linear gauge sensor that measures the distance to the road surface in direct contact with the road surface is used as the deflection measurement sensor, so that the linear gauge sensor body does not move due to the deflection of the road surface due to impact load. It is necessary to support the main body with a spring mass system, which disadvantageously complicates the structure of the measurement system.

JP-A-4-366710 JP 2003-176504 A JP 2007-205955 A JP 2000-292330 A

  The present invention was made to solve the drawbacks of the above-described conventional road surface deflection measuring device, and has a simple structure and moves the measuring device for the amount of road surface deflection within a certain area including the load point of the load. It is an object of the present invention to provide a road surface deflection measuring device and a measuring method that can be measured while performing the measurement, and to provide a computer program that describes a procedure for causing a computer to execute the road surface deflection measuring method.

  The present inventor has made extensive research efforts to solve the above problems. As a result, the present inventor uses a non-contact distance sensor that can measure the distance to a plurality of points in a linear region on the road surface including the load point, and before the load is applied. By measuring the distance to the road surface and measuring the distance to the road surface when a load is applied, and comparing the two, it is possible to continuously measure the amount of deflection of the road surface while moving the measuring device. As a result, the present invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention includes a vehicle, a load wheel mounted on the vehicle, a load load device, and a distance sensor. The load wheel is a load wheel that contacts a road surface and travels with the vehicle, and the load load device. Is a load loading device that loads a load on the load wheel, and the distance sensor measures the distance from the distance sensor to a plurality of points on the road surface along the traveling direction of the vehicle by one measurement. It is a non-contact distance sensor for measuring, and a linear region formed by connecting the plurality of points extends forward and backward in the traveling direction of the vehicle from a contact point between the load wheel and a road surface. The above-mentioned problem is solved by providing a road surface deflection measuring device.

  In the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, since a load is applied to the road surface via a load wheel that rotates while contacting the road surface, an impact load or a load is applied to the road surface while running a vehicle equipped with the load wheel or the load loading device. A continuous load can be applied. Further, in the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, since the distance sensor is a non-contact type distance sensor, it is not necessary to support the distance sensor with a spring mass system. For example, the distance sensor may be attached to a vehicle frame or the like. The structure becomes simple. Furthermore, in the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, a linear region formed by connecting a plurality of points where the distance sensor measures the distance is ahead of the vehicle in the traveling direction of the contact point between the load wheel and the road surface. And since it extends rearward, it becomes possible to measure the deflection of the road surface in a certain range around the load point of the load. In the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, the vehicle on which the load wheel, the load loading device, the distance sensor, and the like are mounted may be a self-propelled vehicle or a vehicle towed by a towing vehicle. May be.

  In a preferred aspect of the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, the load wheel is composed of two load wheels juxtaposed in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and the linear region is juxtaposed. Passing between the two contact points between the load wheel and the road surface, preferably in the middle. In this way, the load wheel is composed of two load wheels, and the linear region on the road surface where the distance is measured by the distance sensor is preferably between the contact points of the two load wheels and the road surface. When passing through an intermediate point, there is an advantage that the deflection of the road surface at the load point can be measured.

  In a preferred aspect of the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, the distance sensor is a laser scanner or a plurality of non-contact type distance sensors arranged linearly along the traveling direction of the vehicle.

Furthermore, the road surface deflection measuring device according to the present invention, in a preferred aspect thereof, includes a distance meter for measuring the travel distance of the vehicle and a control device, and the load load device loads an impact load on the load wheel. A load device, and the control device includes:
(A) means for operating the load load device to apply an impact load to the load wheel;
(B) means for operating the distance sensor before loading the impact load and measuring the distances to the plurality of points as pre-load distances, and the pre-load vertical position of the corresponding point based on the pre-load distance Means for associating the pre-load vertical direction position with the position on the road surface based on the timing of measurement of the pre-load distance and the signal from the distance meter;
(C) means for operating the distance sensor when the impact load is applied and measuring the distances to the plurality of points as load distances, and the vertical position at the time of the corresponding points based on the load distances Means for determining, means for associating the vertical position on load with the position on the road surface based on the timing of measurement of the distance on load and the signal from the distance meter;
(D) From the measurement of the length of the linear area and the distance before the load, so that the linear area in which the distance before the load is measured includes a deflection area affected by the impact load. Means for adjusting or setting one or more of the time until the measurement of the distance or the traveling speed of the vehicle, the pre-load vertical direction position and the vertical direction under load respectively associated with the position on the road surface Means for determining the amount of deflection of the road surface in relation to the position on the road surface based on the position;
It has. According to such a road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, an impact load is applied to the road surface at an appropriate timing, and the distance to a plurality of points on the road surface is measured by the distance sensor before and when the impact load is applied. By measuring this, the amount of deflection of the road surface can be measured almost continuously while the vehicle is running.

  The means for determining the amount of deflection of the road surface in association with the position on the road surface is related to the means for determining the road surface profile before the load based on the vertical position before the load associated with the position on the road surface, and the position on the road surface. It is desirable to include a means for obtaining a road surface profile at the time of loading based on the vertical position at the time of loading, and a means for comparing both profiles. The multiple points where the vertical position before loading was measured and the multiple points where the vertical position during loading were measured partially overlap as a linear region formed by connecting them, but on the road surface. Since the positions of the two do not necessarily coincide, the road surface profile before and during the load is obtained based on the obtained vertical position, so that the deflection amount can be easily measured by comparing both profiles. It becomes possible.

According to another preferred aspect of the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, the road surface deflection measuring device includes a distance meter that measures the travel distance of the vehicle and a control device, and the load load device applies a continuous load to the load wheel. A load-loading device, and the control device
(A) means for operating the load load device to apply a continuous load to the load wheel;
(B) means for periodically operating the distance sensor to periodically measure distances to the plurality of points, means for obtaining a vertical position of a corresponding point based on the distances, and the periodic measurement Means for associating each of the vertical positions with a position on the road surface, based on the timing and a signal from the distance meter,
(C) means for setting the length of the linear region so that the linear region includes a deflection region that is affected by the continuous load and an unloaded region that is not affected by the continuous load;
(D) The unloaded area in the m-th measurement (m is an integer, m ≧ 2) by the distance sensor is the same as the unloaded area and the road surface in the (m−1) -th and (m + 1) -th measurements. Means for adjusting any one or two or more of the length of the linear region, the period of measurement by the distance sensor, or the traveling speed of the vehicle so as to be continuous;
(E) Based on the vertical position in the deflection area associated with the position on the road surface and the vertical position in the unloaded area associated with the position on the road surface, the amount of deflection of the road surface is calculated on the road surface. A means for obtaining in relation to the position of
It has. According to such a road surface deflection measuring apparatus of the present invention, a continuous load is applied to the road surface, and the vehicle is driven by periodically measuring distances to a plurality of points on the road surface by the distance sensor. The amount of road surface deflection can be measured continuously.

  The means for obtaining the amount of deflection of the road surface in association with the position on the road surface comprises means for obtaining a road surface profile at the time of load application based on the vertical position in the deflection region associated with the position on the road surface, It is desirable to include means for obtaining a road surface profile in the unloaded area based on the vertical position in the unloaded area associated with the position, and means for comparing both profiles.

The present invention further relates to a road surface deflection measuring method executed using a vehicle and a load wheel, a load load device, a distance sensor, and a distance meter mounted on the vehicle, wherein the load wheel contacts the road surface. A load wheel that travels with the vehicle, wherein the load load device is a load load device that applies a load to the load wheel, and the distance sensor travels from the distance sensor by a single measurement. A non-contact type distance sensor that measures a distance to a plurality of points on a road surface along a direction, and a linear region formed by connecting the plurality of points is a contact point between the load wheel and the road surface The distance meter is a distance meter that measures the travel distance of the vehicle, and includes a road surface deflection measuring method including the following steps (a) to (f). By providing It is intended to solve the problem:
(A) actuating the load load device to apply an impact load to the load wheel;
(B) actuating the distance sensor before and during loading of the impact load to measure the distances to the plurality of points as the pre-load distance and the load-time distance, respectively;
(C) a step of determining a pre-load vertical direction position and a load vertical direction position at corresponding points based on the pre-load distance and the load-time distance,
(D) a step of associating the pre-load vertical direction position and the load vertical direction position with a position on the road surface based on a timing from the pre-load distance and the load distance and a signal from the distance meter;
(E) From the measurement of the length of the linear area and the distance before the load, so that the linear area in which the distance before the load is measured includes a deflection area affected by the impact load. Adjusting or setting any one or two or more of the time until the measurement of the distance or the traveling speed of the vehicle,
(F) A step of obtaining a deflection amount of the road surface in association with a position on the road surface based on the pre-loading vertical direction position and the loaded vertical direction position respectively associated with the position on the road surface.

Furthermore, the present invention is a road surface deflection measuring method executed using a vehicle and a load wheel, a load load device, a distance sensor, and a distance meter mounted on the vehicle, wherein the load wheel contacts the road surface. A load wheel that travels with the vehicle, wherein the load load device is a load load device that applies a load to the load wheel, and the distance sensor travels from the distance sensor by a single measurement. A non-contact type distance sensor that measures a distance to a plurality of points on a road surface along a direction, and a linear region formed by connecting the plurality of points is a contact point between the load wheel and the road surface The distance meter is a distance meter for measuring the travel distance of the vehicle, and includes a road surface deflection measuring method including the following steps (a) to (g). Also by providing on It is intended to solve the problem:
(A) actuating the load load device to apply a continuous load to the load wheel;
(B) periodically actuating the distance sensor to periodically measure distances to the plurality of points;
(C) obtaining a vertical position of a corresponding point based on the distance;
(D) associating each of the vertical positions with a position on the road surface based on the timing of the periodic measurement and a signal from the distance meter;
(E) setting the length of the linear region so that the linear region includes a deflection region affected by the continuous load and an unloaded region not affected by the continuous load;
(F) The unloaded area in the m-th measurement (m is an integer, m ≧ 2) by the distance sensor is the same as the unloaded area and the road surface in the (m−1) -th and (m + 1) -th measurements. A step of adjusting any one or two or more of the length of the linear region, the period of measurement by the distance sensor, or the traveling speed of the vehicle so as to be continuous,
(G) Based on the vertical position in the deflection area associated with the position on the road surface and the vertical position in the unloaded area associated with the position on the road surface, the amount of deflection of the road surface is calculated on the road surface. The process of obtaining in association with the position of.

  In addition, this invention solves said subject by providing the computer program which described the procedure which makes a computer perform the road surface profile measuring method of this invention.

  According to the road surface deflection measuring apparatus and the road surface deflection measuring method of the present invention, the amount of road surface deflection within a certain region including the load point of the load is moved continuously while moving the vehicle equipped with the measuring device with a simple structure. The advantage that it can be measured is obtained. In addition, according to the computer program of the present invention, there is an advantage that the road surface deflection measuring method of the present invention can be easily executed by a computer.

It is a figure which shows an example of the road surface deflection measuring apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows a mode that the distance to n points on a road surface is measured by a distance sensor. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the distance to the point on the measured road surface, and the vertical direction position of the said point. It is a figure which expands and shows only a load wheel, a distance sensor, and its peripheral part. It is a figure which shows the measurement condition at the time of impact load loading. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the position X on a road surface, and the vertical direction position Z. FIG. It is a figure which shows the measurement condition at the time of a continuous load load.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the illustrated one.

  FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a road surface deflection measuring apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a road surface deflection measuring device, 2 is a vehicle constituting the road surface deflection measuring device 1, 3 is a load wheel, 4 is a load loading device, 5 is a weight, and 6 is a weight 5 that can be moved up and down. A support shaft for supporting the weight 5, a pedestal for the weight 5, and a support claw 8 for supporting the weight 5 in contact with the lower surface of the weight. The support claw 8 is supported by the load device 4 so as to be movable up and down. Since the cradle 7 is provided with a notch in the portion corresponding to the lifting path of the support claw 8, the support claw 8 can pass up and down from the bottom of the cradle 7 through the portion of the cradle 7. it can. The load loading device 4 lowers the support claw 8 to a position lower than the receiving base 7 based on a command from the control device described later, and places the weight 5 supported by the support claw 8 on the receiving base 7. The weight 5 placed on the cradle 7 is received by applying a continuous load to the load wheel 3 or raising the support claw 8 from below the cradle 7 to above the cradle 7. It can be lifted above the table 7. Further, the load loading device 4 sets the support claw 8 supporting the weight 5 to be in a state where it can be expanded or lowered based on a command from the control device which will be described later. Thus, it is possible to freely drop and apply an impact load to the load wheel 3.

  9 is a distance sensor, 10 is a base to which the distance sensor 9 is mounted, 11a and 11b are front and rear tires of the vehicle 2, 12 is a distance meter, 13 is a GPS antenna, 14 is a GPS device, and 15 is a control device. , 16 are storage devices. The load loading device 4, the distance sensor 9, the distance meter 12, the GPS device 14, and the storage device 16 are connected to the control device 15, respectively, so that information such as commands and signals can be exchanged between them. Yes. R is the road surface.

  The distance sensor 9 may be any sensor that can measure the distance to a plurality of points on the road surface along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 in one measurement. It is preferable to use a non-contact type that measures the distance to the object based on the time until the object is irradiated with laser, ultrasonic waves, etc. It is preferable to use a laser scanner as the distance sensor 9. When a laser scanner is used as the distance sensor 9, one scan of the laser scanner corresponds to one measurement, and one scan of the laser scanner. Thus, the distance from the laser scanner to a plurality of points on the road surface R is measured. Signals representing distances to a plurality of points on the road surface along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 measured by the distance sensor 9 are transmitted to the control device 15, and the control device 15 appropriately sends these signals to the storage device 16. Remember.

  As a plurality of points on the road surface that the distance sensor 9 measures in one measurement, at least three points before and after the contact point between the load wheel 3 and the road surface R and the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 are necessary. If n is the number (where n is an integer), n ≧ 3. However, since the measurement accuracy of the amount of deflection of the road surface increases, n is preferably large, and usually n ≧ 50, preferably n ≧ 100, more preferably n ≧ 200. The upper limit of n is not particularly limited, but considering the height from the road surface R of the distance sensor 9 mounted on the vehicle 2, it is realistic and preferable to be 400 or less.

  The distance meter 12 is composed of, for example, a rotary encoder attached to the axle of the rear tire 11b of the vehicle 2, detects the rotational angle of the axle of the rear tire 11b, and determines the rotational angle and the diameter of the rear tire 11b. Then, the travel distance of the vehicle 2 is measured and transmitted to the control device 15 as a signal representing the position X of the distance sensor 9 on the road surface. Further, as the distance meter 12, for example, a non-contact type distance meter using a laser Doppler velocimeter may be used. In this case, the rotational speed of the axle of the rear wheel tire 11b or the rear wheel tire 11b itself is detected by a laser Doppler velocimeter, the detected rotational speed is integrated with respect to time, and the integrated value and the rear wheel tire 11b are integrated. The travel distance of the vehicle 2 may be measured from the diameter of the vehicle and transmitted to the control device 15 as a signal representing the travel direction position X. As the distance meter 12, it is desirable that the set value of the diameter can be changed so as to cope with a change in the diameter due to wear of the rear tire 11b. The calculation of the travel distance of the vehicle 2 based on the rotation angle or rotation speed of the axle of the rear tire 11b and the diameter of the rear tire 11b may be performed by the distance meter 12 or by the control device 15. Also good. When calculating the travel distance of the vehicle 2 in the control device 15, the distance meter 12 only detects the rotation angle or rotation speed of the axle of the rear tire 11 b and transmits the signal to the control device 15. . On the other hand, the GPS signal received by the GPS antenna 13 is analyzed by the GPS device 14 and transmitted to the control device 15 as a signal representing the current position of the vehicle 2. The control device 15 stores the signal from the distance meter 12 or the travel distance of the vehicle 2 calculated based on the signal from the distance meter 12 and the signal from the GPS device 14 in the storage device 16 as appropriate.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the distance sensor 9 measures the distances to n points on the road surface R by one measurement by using the distance sensor 9 as a laser scanner. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 17 denotes laser light emitted from the distance sensor 9. The distance sensor 9 irradiates a laser beam 17 toward the road surface R so that _n points Q _{1 to} Q _n on the road surface R along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 indicated by arrows in the drawing are sequentially scanned. from the distance sensor 9 measures the distance to each point Q ₁ to Q _n on the road surface. As shown in FIG. 2, among the points Q _{1 to} Q _n , the point Q ₁ is located at the front end along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 and the point Q _n is located at the rear end, and connects the points Q _{1 to} Q _n . The linear region forms a linear region M. As shown in FIG. 1, since the distance sensor 9 is located in the same vertical plane as the axis of the load wheel 3, the linear region M formed by connecting the points Q _{1 to} Q _n has a load The vehicle 2 extends forward and backward in the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 from the contact point between the wheel 3 and the road surface R. The length in which the linear region M extends forward and backward in the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 relative to the contact point between the load wheel 3 and the road surface R may be different between the front and the rear, but is the same for the front and the rear. It preferably extends in length. The laser beam 17 only needs to be able to sequentially scan the points Q _{1 to} Q _n, and there is no particular limitation on the scanning direction. The vehicle 2 may be scanned from the front to the rear, may be scanned from the rear to the front, or may be scanned in the reverse direction for each measurement.

In FIG. 2, α indicates the total scanning angle of the laser beam 17. The distance sensor 9 scans the road surface R by moving the laser beam 17 in the range of the angle α along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 and measures the distance to the road surface R for each angle β. As a result, the distance sensor 9 measures the distances L _{1 to} L _n to _n points Q _{1 to} Q _n on the road surface R by one scan, that is, one measurement. That is, between the laser beam 17 that hits an arbitrary one point Q _S (where s is an integer, 1 ≦ s ≦ n) and the laser beam 17 that hits an adjacent point Q _{S + 1} among _n points Q _{1 to} Q _n. Is an angle β as shown in the figure, and in this example, α = β × (n−1). However, when the points Q ₁ and / or Q _n are inside the scanning range, the relationship α> β × (n−1) is established. In any case, the total scanning angle α, the angle β, and the number n can be appropriately set and changed by an operator instructing the control device 15 via an input / output device (not shown).

W _1-2 indicates the horizontal distance between the point Q ₁ and the point Q ₂ , and W _{S− (S + 1)} indicates the horizontal distance between the arbitrary point Q _S and the adjacent point Q _{S + 1} . Even if the angle β is the same, the horizontal distance W _{S− (S + 1)} between two adjacent points is different if the angle of the laser beam 17 from the vertical direction is different. The horizontal distance W _{S− (S + 1)} is narrowest immediately below the distance sensor 9 and gradually increases as the distance from the position immediately below the distance sensor 9 increases. As an example, when the angle α is 120 degrees, the angle β is 0.5 degrees, and the vertical distance between the distance sensor 9 and the road surface R is 30 cm, the horizontal distance between two adjacent points irradiated by the laser light 17 _{WS− (S + 1)} is approximately 2.4 mm immediately below the distance sensor 9, but approximately doubles to approximately 4.8 mm at a position farthest from directly below the distance sensor 9. In this case, n is n = 120 degrees / 0.5 degrees = 240, and the length of the linear region M on the road surface R measured by one scan of the laser light 17 is about 104 cm.

3, the distance _L 1 ~L _n to n number of point _Q 1 to Q _n on the road surface R, which is measured by the distance sensor 9, the vertical position _Z 1 to Z _n at each point _Q 1 to Q _n It is a figure which shows the relationship. As shown in FIG. 3, if the distance from the distance sensor 9 to the point Q _S is measured as L _S, and the angle from the vertical direction of the laser light 17 at that time is γ, the vertical position Z of the point Q _{S S} is obtained by Z _S = L _S × cos γ. H is a reference line for the vertical position. The position of the reference line H may be set anywhere as long as it is parallel to the pedestal 10. For example, in the illustrated example, a line parallel to the pedestal 10 passing on the lower surface of the distance sensor 9 is set as the reference line. Yes.

As the distance sensor 9, at least n non-contact distance sensors attached to the base 10 along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 may be used instead of the laser scanner. When n non-contact type distance sensors attached to the base 10 are used as the distance sensor 9, the distance to n points on the road surface R along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 is n corresponding The distance sensor is measured simultaneously or sequentially, and the distance to n points on the road surface R is measured once simultaneously or sequentially by each of the n non-contact distance sensors. It corresponds to one measurement. When n non-contact distance sensors measure the distance to a point on the road surface R located immediately below the n non-contact distance sensors, the distance to the n points on the road surface R obtained by the n distance sensors is measured. the distance _L 1 ~L _n, can be directly adopted as the vertical position _Z 1 to Z _n at each point _Q 1 to Q _n.

  FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing only the load wheel 3 and the distance sensor 9 and the periphery thereof, and is a view seen from the head side of the vehicle 2 in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the load wheel 3 is composed of two load wheels 3 a and 3 b juxtaposed along the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle 2, that is, the width direction of the vehicle 2. Upper portions of 3a and 3b are connected to a single cradle 7 via two support columns 18 and 18. Reference numeral 19 denotes a chassis of the vehicle 2. As described above, when the support of the weight 5 by the support claw 8 is released, the weight 5 freely falls on the cradle 7. As a result, an impact load is applied to the two load wheels 3 a and 3 b via the cradle 7 and the support column 18. After the impact load is applied, when the support claw 8 is raised from the lower side to the upper side of the cradle 7 by the load load device 4, the upper surface of the support claw 8 is located on the cradle 7 in the middle of the lower surface of the weight 5. The weight 5 is lifted, and the load on the load wheels 3a and 3b is removed. When the support claw 8 is lowered by the load load device 4 and is left on the pedestal 7 while the weight 5 is placed on the pedestal 7, a continuous load is applied to the load wheels 3 a and 3 b via the cradle 7 and the support column 18. Can be loaded.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the distance sensor 9 is located at the center of the two load wheels 3a and 3b. When the distance sensor 9 is a laser scanner, the laser light 17 emitted from the distance sensor 9 is It scans the road surface R linearly along the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 passing through the intermediate portion between the contact point Pa between the load wheel 3a and the road surface R and the contact point Pb between the load wheel 3b and the road surface R. It will be. Therefore, in this example, the linear region M formed by connecting n points on the road surface R where the distance from the distance sensor 9 is measured is a point just at the center between the contact point Pa and the contact point Pb. Will pass. Thereby, according to the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention, it is possible to measure the deflection of the road surface R at the load point while the vehicle 2 is traveling. The position through which the linear region M passes may be between the contact points Pa and Pb between the two load wheels 3a and 3b and the road surface R, and does not necessarily have to pass through the central point of both contact points. As in this example, when the linear region M passes through the central point of the contact points Pa, Pb between the two load wheels 3a, 3b and the road surface R, the two load wheels 3a, 3b Since the advantage that the deflection of the road surface R due to the load applied via the can be measured more evenly is obtained.

  Note that the load wheel 3 does not necessarily need to be composed of two load wheels 3 a and 3 b arranged side by side, and may be a single load wheel 3. In that case, the distance sensor 9 may be arranged at a position adjacent to the single load wheel 3 and the linear region M may be passed near the contact point between the single load wheel 3 and the road surface R.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, first, the road surface deflection measuring apparatus and measuring method of the present invention will be described in more detail in the case of applying an impact load. In FIG. 5, 9 _m represents the distance sensor 9 that performs the m-th measurement (where m is an integer and m ≧ 2), and 9 _m−1 represents the (m−1) -th measurement distance. The sensor 9 is shown. M _m is a linear region at the time of m-th measurement by the distance sensor 9, M _m−1 is a linear region at the time of (m−1) -th measurement, Gi is an impact load, and t is a road surface R due to the impact load Gi. Deflection, T represents a deflection region affected by the impact load Gi.

The control device 15 issues a (m−1) -th measurement command to the distance sensor 9 at a predetermined timing, operates the distance sensor 9, and sets the linear region M _m−1 on the road surface R. The distances L _{1 to} L _n to the _n points Q _{1 to} Q _n to be formed are measured. At this time, the load application device 4 is not operating, and no load is applied to the load wheels 3a and 3b. Signals representing the measured distances L _{1 to} L _n are sent from the distance sensor 9 to the control device 15 as pre-load distances L _{U1 to} L _Un . On the road surface of the distance sensor 9 at the time of the (m−1) th measurement, the control device 15 is based on the signal from the distance meter 12 and the timing at which the distance sensor 9 performs the (m−1) th measurement. Position X _m−1 , and n points Q at the time of the (m−1) th measurement based on the total scanning angle α, the angle β, and the height of the distance sensor 9 from the road surface R. The positions X _{1 to} X _n on the road surface R of _{1 to} Q _n are obtained, and signals representing the pre-load distances L _{U1 to} L _Un sent from the distance sensor 9 are used as the corresponding n points Q _{1 to} Q _n. Are stored in the storage device 16 in association with the positions X _{1 to} X _n on the road surface R.

The control device 15 further indicates a signal representing the pre-load distances L _{U1 to} L _Un sent from the distance sensor 9 based on the total scanning angle α, the angle β, and the height of the distance sensor 9 from the road surface R. From the corresponding n points Q _{1 to} Q _n , the pre-loading vertical direction positions Z _{U1 to} Z _Un are obtained, and the corresponding n points Q _{1 to} Q _{n on} the road surface R with the positions X _{1 to} X _n The data are stored in the storage device 16 in association with each other. The upper stage (a) of FIG. 6 thus indicates the pre-load vertical direction positions Z _{U1 to} Z _Un stored in the storage device 16 in association with the positions X _{1 to} X _{n of} the points Q _{1 to} Q _{n on} the road surface R. This is a schematic representation. As shown in the upper part (a) of FIG. 6, the vertical position Z _{U1 to} Z _Un before loading has some variation due to the unevenness of the road surface R, but no deflection of the road surface R is recognized.

Next, after a predetermined time has elapsed since the (m−1) th measurement, the control device 15 sends a signal to the load loading device 4 to drop the weight 5 on the receiving base 7 and to apply an impact load. Gi is applied to the road surface R. As a result, a deflection indicated by t in FIG. 5 occurs in the deflection region T of the road surface R. On the other hand, since the linear region M _m is set to be longer than the deflection zone T is assumed, in a linear region M _m is present is beyond the area effect of the impact load Gi, deflection region T linear region to be embraced M _m. In a preferred case, the linear region M extends with the same length forward and backward in the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 with respect to the contact point between the load wheel 3 and the road surface R, so that the deflection region T is the linear region M _m. of located in the center, the effect of the impact load Gi is that there is beyond the region of the same length in the traveling direction front and rear of the vehicle 2 in the linear region M _m. The length of the deflection region T can be estimated in advance by actual measurement or the like based on the magnitude of the impact load applied to the road surface R and the normally assumed support force of the road surface R. For example, a range in which the deflection amount is about 1/10 of the deflection amount immediately below the impact load Gi may be set as the deflection region T.

The control device 15 transmits an impact load Gi load signal to the load load device 4, issues an m-th measurement command to the distance sensor 9 at the same timing, operates the distance sensor 9, and sets the line on the road surface R. The distances L _{1 to} L _n to _n points Q _{1 to} Q _n forming the region M _m are measured as load distances L _{L1 to} L _Ln . Signals representing the measured on-load distances L _{L1 to} L _Ln are sent from the distance sensor 9 to the control device 15. Controller 15 receives a signal from the distance meter 12, distance sensor 9 based on the timing of performing the measurement of the m-th, indexing the position X _m on the road surface of the distance sensor 9 at m-th measurement, further Based on the total scanning angle α, the angle β, and the height of the distance sensor 9 from the road surface R, the positions X _{1 to} X of the _n points Q _{1 to} Q _{n on} the road surface R at the m-th measurement time. _n is obtained, and signals representing the on-load distances L _{L1 to} L _Ln sent from the distance sensor 9 are associated with the positions X _{1 to} X _n on the road surface R of the corresponding n points Q _{1 to} Q _n. The data is stored in the storage device 16.

The control device 15 further indicates a signal representing the on-load distances L _{L1 to} L _Ln sent from the distance sensor 9 based on the total scanning angle α, the angle β, and the height of the distance sensor 9 from the road surface R. From the corresponding n points Q _{1 to} Q _n , load-time vertical positions Z _{L1 to} Z _Ln are obtained and associated with the positions on the road surface R of the corresponding n points Q _{1 to} Q _n. Remember me. The lower part (b) of FIG. 6 thus shows the vertical position on load Z _{L1 to} Z _Ln stored in the storage device 16 in association with the positions X _{1 to} X _n of the points Q _{1 to} Q _{n on} the road surface R. FIG. As shown in the lower part (b) of FIG. 6, in the load vertical direction positions Z _{L1 to} Z _Ln , in addition to slight variations due to the unevenness of the road surface R, the deflection t of the road surface R due to the impact load Gi clearly appears. ing.

The timing at which the impact load Gi is applied after the (m−1) th measurement, in other words, the time from the (m−1) th measurement to the mth measurement is the length of the set linear region M. Based on the expected length of the deflection region T and the information about the traveling speed of the vehicle 2 transmitted from the distance meter 12, the deflection region T in the m-th linear region M _m is (m−1). It is determined by the control device 15 so as to be included in the second linear region M _m−1 . In other words, to make the region of deflection in the linear region M _m of m-th T is included in (m-1) -th linear region M _m-1, the length of the deflection region T envisaged Is determined to some extent, either the time from the (m−1) th measurement to the mth measurement, the length of the linear region M, or the traveling speed of the vehicle 2 transmitted from the distance meter 12 One or two or more may be adjusted and set.

  In addition, the timing of the (m−1) th measurement performed in a state where no load is applied to the load wheels 3a and 3b is determined by how many meters the vehicle 2 travels on the road surface R, so that the control is performed. The device 15 estimates the timing so that the deflection of the road surface R is measured at predetermined intervals based on the traveling speed of the vehicle 2 sent from the distance meter 12, and first, in a state where no load is applied. An (m−1) -th measurement command is issued to the distance sensor 9, and then an impact load Gi load command is transmitted to the load load device 4 after a predetermined time from the (m−1) -th measurement. . It should be noted that the interval for performing the deflection measurement, the length of the linear region M, the length of the deflection region T, and the like can be set and changed in the control device 15 by an operator via an appropriate input device.

Amount of deflection of the road surface R is basically determined by subtracting the preload vertical position _Z U1 _{to Z Un} from the load during vertical position _Z L1 _{to Z Ln.} However, (m-1) th position _X 1 of the n-number of point _Q 1 to Q _n a road surface R in the measurement of the to X _n and, n number of points in the m-th measurement _Q 1 to Q _n a road surface R of Since the upper positions X _{1 to} X _n generally do not coincide with each other, preferably, the position X on the road surface R is set to the horizontal axis, the pre-loading vertical position Z _U or the loaded vertical position Z as shown in FIG. in Figure in which the _L and the vertical axis to obtain the profile under load and profile of preload of the road surface R by connecting the respective preload vertical position Z _U or load vertical position Z _L in a straight line, the profile under load It is preferable to obtain the amount of deflection of the road surface R in association with the position on the road surface R by subtracting the profile before loading from Alternatively, the (m−1) th time that is closest to the positions X _{1 to} X _n on the road surface R of the points Q _{1 to} Q _n in the m-th measurement corresponding to the vertical positions Z _{L1 to} Z _Ln at the time of loading. The points Q _{1 to} Q _n in the measurement are selected, and the pre-load vertical direction positions Z _{U1 to} Z _Un corresponding to the selected points Q _{1 to} Q _n are respectively set to the corresponding on-load vertical direction positions Z _{L1 to} Z _Ln. The amount of deflection of the road surface R may be obtained in association with the position on the road surface R by subtracting from. All the calculations as described above are executed by the control device 15 based on a predetermined program.

  In any case, according to the road surface deflection measuring apparatus and the measuring method of the present invention, the linear region including the deflection region on the road surface R that is expected to be bent by the impact load Gi before the impact load Gi is applied. Since the vertical position of the road surface R is measured, the amount of deflection of the road surface R under an impact load can be continuously measured at a desired timing while the vehicle 2 is traveling.

Next, the road surface deflection measuring apparatus and measuring method of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 7, 9 _m−1 is the distance sensor 9 that performs the (m−1) th measurement (where m is an integer and m ≧ 2), and 9 _m is the distance sensor that performs the mth measurement. 9 and 9 _{m + 1} respectively represent the distance sensors 9 performing the (m + 1) th measurement. M _m−1 , M _m , and M _{m + 1} are linear regions at the time of (m−1) th, mth, and (m + 1) th measurement by the distance sensor 9, respectively. The linear regions M _m−1 , M _m , and M _{m + 1} are originally regions that exist on the road surface R and should be displayed in an overlapping manner, but for convenience, the linear region M is shown in FIG. _{m-1, M m,} is drawn by sequentially shifting down the _{M m + 1.}

Gc is a continuous load, tc is a deflection of the road surface R due to the continuous load Gc, and T is a deflection region affected by the continuous load Gc. U _{r, m−1} and U _{f, m−1} represent the rear unloaded region and the forward unloaded region, respectively, which are not affected by the continuous load Gc in the linear region M _m−1 . , U _{r, m} , U _{f, m} , U _{r, m + 1} , U _{f, m + 1} are respectively a rear unload area and a front unload area that are not affected by the continuous load Gc in the linear areas M _m and M _{m + 1} . It represents the load area. As shown in FIG. 7, since the continuous load Gc is applied to the road surface R, the deflection tc is always generated, and the position of the deflection tc sequentially moves toward the right side in the drawing as the vehicle 2 travels. .

When attention is paid to the front unloaded areas U _{f, m−1} , U _{f, m} , U _{f, m + 1} in the respective linear areas M _m−1 , M _m , M _{m + 1} , the front unloaded areas U _{f, m−1} and U _{Between f, m} , U _{f, m} and U _{f, m + 1} , there is an overlapping region D indicated by hatching in the figure, and the forward unloaded regions U _{f, m−1} , U _{f, m} , U _{f, m + 1} is continuous on the road surface R. Similarly, there is an overlapping region D between the rear unloaded regions U _{r, m−1} and U _{r, m} , U _{r, m} and U _{r, m + 1,} and the rear unloaded regions U _{r, m− 1} , U _{r, m} and U _{r, m + 1} are continuous on the road surface R. The front unloaded areas U _{f, m−1} , U _{f, m} , U _{f, m + 1} and the rear unloaded areas U _{r, m−1} , U _{r, m} , U _{r, m + 1} are all distances. Since it is included in the linear regions M _m−1 , M _m , and M _{m + 1} whose distances are measured by the sensor 9, these front unloaded regions U _{f, m−1} , U _{f, m} , U _{f, m + 1,} or For each point Q included in the rear unloaded areas U _{r, m−1} , U _{r, m} , U _{r, m + 1} , the vertical position Z and the position X on the road surface R are obtained and connected in the XZ space. In combination, the vertical position in the unloaded state of the road surface R can be obtained in association with the position on the road surface R.

Note that each point Q included in the front unloaded area U _{f, m−1} , U _{f, m} , U _{f, m + 1} or the rear unloaded area U _{r, m−1} , U _{r, m} , U _{r, m + 1.} The vertical position Z and the position X on the road surface R can be obtained by the control device 15 in the same manner as when the impact load Gi is applied.

On the other hand, the deflection region T affected by the continuous load Gc is also included in the linear regions M _m−1 , M _m , and M _{m + 1} where the distance is measured by the distance sensor 9. Similarly to the m-th measurement, the vertical position Z at each point Q in the deflection region can be obtained in association with the position X on the road surface R.

In order to obtain the deflection amount of the road surface R from the vertical position of the road surface R in the unloaded state obtained as described above and the vertical direction position of the deflection region T, similarly to when the impact load Gi is applied, Basically, the vertical position Z in the unloaded area at the corresponding position on the road surface R may be subtracted from the vertical position Z in the deflection area T. However, the positions X _{1 to} X _n of the n points Q _{1 to} Q _{n on} the road surface R in _one measurement are the positions X on the road surface R of the _n points Q _{1 to} Q _{n in} the other measurement. _{1 to Xn} generally do not coincide with each other. Therefore, preferably, each of the vertical positions Z in the deflection region is connected by a straight line to obtain a road surface profile when a load is applied. Similarly, at the corresponding position on the road surface R, Each vertical position Z in a certain unloaded region is connected by a straight line to obtain a road surface profile when no load is applied, and is subtracted from the road surface profile when a load is applied, whereby the deflection amount of the road surface R is a position on the road surface R. It is good to ask in association with. Alternatively, as in the case of the impact load Gi, a point Q that is the same as or closest to the position X on the road surface R of each point Q corresponding to each vertical position Z of the deflection region T is selected and selected. By subtracting the vertical position Z when the point Q is present in the unloaded area from the vertical position Z in the corresponding deflection area T, the deflection amount of the road surface R is calculated as the position on the road surface R. You may make it relate and ask. All the calculations as described above are executed by the control device 15 based on a predetermined program.

  In addition, in the road surface deflection measuring apparatus and measurement method of the present invention under the above-described continuous load, it is necessary that the front unloaded region and / or the rear unloaded region in each measurement be continuous on the road surface R. However, since the expected length of the deflection region T is fixed to some extent, either one of the length of the linear region M, the period of measurement by the distance sensor 9, or the traveling speed of the vehicle 2 or This can be done by adjusting two or more. The length of the linear region M and the measurement cycle by the distance sensor 9 can be set or changed by the operator in the control device 15 via an appropriate input device, and the distance can be changed. Based on the information about the traveling speed of the vehicle 2 sent from the total 12, the control device 15 automatically causes the front unloaded area and / or the rear unloaded area in each measurement to continue on the road surface R. You may make it adjust to.

Further, in the above example, the linear region M extends with the same length forward and backward in the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 with the contact point between the load wheel 3 and the road surface R as the center. T is located in the center of the linear region M, and the front unloaded region U _f and the rear unloaded region U _r exist with the same length in the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 in the linear region M and in the rear direction. However, the linear region M extends longer than the rear in the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 around the contact point between the load wheel 3 and the road surface R, and only the front unloaded region is continued on the road surface R. On the contrary, the linear region M is extended longer than the front in the traveling direction of the vehicle 2 around the contact point between the load wheel 3 and the road surface R, and only the rear unloaded region. May be continued on the road surface R.

  In any case, according to the road surface deflection measuring device and the measuring method of the present invention, the distance from the distance sensor 9 is measured even in an unloaded region that is not affected by the continuous load Gc, and the vertical position is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to continuously measure the amount of deflection of the road surface R while running the vehicle 2 under a continuous load.

  The road surface deflection measuring method of the present invention is executed using the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention. Specifically, the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention is configured under the control of the control device 15. Each member and the apparatus operate | move and the road surface deflection | deviation measuring method of this invention containing each process mentioned above is performed. The control device 15 is usually configured by a computer, and is programmed to cause each member and device constituting the road surface deflection measuring device of the present invention to perform the above-described operation. The computer program which described the procedure which makes the computer to comprise perform the road surface deflection | deviation measuring method of this invention is also object. In addition, the control device 15 that executes the road surface deflection measuring method of the present invention based on a program includes means for executing each step constituting the road surface deflection measuring method of the present invention.

  As described above, according to the road surface deflection measuring apparatus and method and the computer program of the present invention, the road surface deflection can be continuously measured with high accuracy while the vehicle is running. The amount of deflection of the road surface is extremely important as an index for evaluating the bearing capacity of the road surface and the ground, and the present invention has extremely useful industrial applicability for pavement evaluation and road management.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Road surface deflection | deviation measuring device 2 Vehicle 3 Load wheel 4 Load load device 5 Weight 6 Support shaft 7 Base 8 Support claw 9 Distance sensor 10 Base 11a, 11b Tire 12 Distance meter 13 GPS antenna 14 GPS device 15 Control device 16 Memory Device 17 Laser beam 18 Support column 19 Chassis M Linear region T Deflection region Gi Impact load Gc Continuous load R Road surface D Overlapping region

Claims (7)

The vehicle includes a vehicle, a load wheel mounted on the vehicle, a load load device, and a distance sensor. The load wheel is a load wheel that contacts the road surface and travels with the vehicle, and the load load device is continuous with the load wheel. A load-loading device that loads a load, wherein the distance sensor measures a distance from the distance sensor to a plurality of points on a road surface along a traveling direction of the vehicle by a single measurement. distance is a sensor, said plurality linear region formed by connecting the point of the load wheel and extending Mashimashi have that road deflection measuring device in the traveling direction front and rear of the vehicle than the contact point with the road surface And further comprising a distance meter for measuring the travel distance of the vehicle and a control device, wherein the control device (a) operates the load load device to apply a continuous load to the load wheel, (B) The distance sensor Means for periodically measuring the distance to the plurality of points, means for obtaining the vertical position of the corresponding point based on the distance, timing of the periodic measurement and the distance meter Means for associating each of the vertical positions with a position on the road surface based on a signal from (c) the linear region is not affected by the continuous load and the deflection region affected by the continuous load. Means for setting the length of the linear region so as to include an unloaded region, (d) the unloaded region in the m-th measurement (m is an integer, m ≧ 2) by the distance sensor (m -1) Either the length of the linear region, the measurement period of the distance sensor, or the traveling speed of the vehicle so as to be continuous on the road surface with the unloaded region in the first and (m + 1) th measurement 1 or 2 or more (E) based on the vertical position in the deflection region associated with the position on the road surface and the vertical position in the unloaded region associated with the position on the road surface, Means for determining the amount of deflection in relation to the position on the road surface,
A road surface deflection measuring device. The load wheel is composed of two load wheels juxtaposed in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and between the contact points between the two load wheels and the road surface on which the linear regions are juxtaposed. The road surface deflection measuring device according to claim 1, which passes through the vehicle. The road surface deflection measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance sensor is a laser scanner or a plurality of non-contact type distance sensors arranged along a traveling direction of the vehicle. Based on the vertical position in the deflection area associated with the position on the road surface and the vertical position in the unloaded area associated with the position on the road surface, the amount of deflection on the road surface is determined as the position on the road surface. A means for obtaining the correlation is a means for obtaining a road surface profile at the time of loading based on the vertical position in the deflection area associated with the position on the road surface, and the unloading area in association with the position on the road surface. The road surface deflection measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising means for obtaining a road surface profile when no load is applied based on a vertical position and means for comparing both profiles. A road surface deflection measuring method executed using a vehicle and a load wheel, a load load device, a distance sensor, and a distance meter mounted on the vehicle, wherein the load wheel contacts the road surface and travels with the vehicle. A load wheel, the load load device is a load load device for applying a load to the load wheel, and the distance sensor is measured on the road surface along the traveling direction of the vehicle from the distance sensor by a single measurement. A non-contact type distance sensor that measures the distance to a plurality of points, and the linear region formed by connecting the plurality of points is the vehicle traveled more than the contact point between the load wheel and the road surface. The distance meter extends forward and backward in the direction, and the distance meter is a distance meter for measuring a travel distance of the vehicle. A road surface deflection measuring method including the following steps (a) to (g): (a) the load load Activate the device and load (B) a step of periodically measuring the distances to the plurality of points by periodically operating the distance sensor; and (c) a vertical of a corresponding point based on the distances. A step of determining a directional position, (d) a step of associating each of the vertical position with a position on a road surface based on the timing of the periodic measurement and a signal from the distance meter, and (e) the linear region is , A step of setting the length of the linear region so as to include a deflection region affected by the continuous load and an unloaded region not affected by the continuous load, (f) m-th time by the distance sensor ( m is an integer, and the unloaded region in the measurement of m ≧ 2) is continuous with the unloaded region in the (m−1) th and (m + 1) th measurement on the road surface. Length, measured by the distance sensor A step of adjusting one or more of a measurement period or a traveling speed of the vehicle, (g) the vertical position in the deflection region associated with the position on the road surface, and the position on the road surface; A step of obtaining a deflection amount of the road surface in association with a position on the road surface based on the vertical position in the associated unloaded region. The step (g) obtains a road surface profile at the time of loading based on the vertical position in the deflection region associated with a position on the road surface, and in the unloaded region associated with a position on the road surface. The road surface deflection measuring method according to claim 5 , comprising a step of obtaining a road surface profile when no load is applied based on the vertical position and a step of comparing both profiles. A computer program that describes a procedure for causing a computer to execute the road surface deflection measuring method according to claim 5 or 6 .

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