JP5922555B2 - Operation management system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a regenerative power absorbing device in a railway and an operation management system using the same.

In recent railway systems, a train equipped with a regenerative brake is used so that kinetic energy can be converted into electric power and recovered by using an electric motor for driving as a generator.
The regenerative brake converts the train's kinetic energy into electric energy by an on-board inverter when decelerating, and the regenerative power obtained is supplied to the train in power running near the regenerative train and consumed as acceleration energy for that train. In addition, energy saving of the power supply system using overhead wires can be achieved.

However, when the power train that consumes the regenerative power is not nearby, the filter capacitor of the regenerative train is charged, and the punter point voltage of the regenerative train increases. When the punter point voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage value, the brake is changed from the regenerative brake to the mechanical brake in order to protect the train from overvoltage.
For this reason, energy regeneration by regenerative braking cannot be performed, and heat must be consumed by friction due to mechanical braking, resulting in an increase in power consumption energy by the train.

In order to solve this problem, in Patent Document 1 below, a power storage facility such as a battery or a capacitor is installed in the vicinity of the station, surplus power obtained by the regenerative brake is charged to this power storage facility, and other trains A regenerative power absorber that discharges as energy during powering is described.
The regenerative power absorbing device performs charging when the overhead line voltage is equal to or higher than the charge control set voltage, and discharges when the overhead line voltage is equal to or lower than the discharge control set voltage. Even when there is no power train near the regenerative train, the regenerative power absorber charges the regenerative power to the power storage facility, and then supplies the absorbed power to the powering train. Can be reduced.

JP 2000-233669 A

Such a regenerative power absorption device has a larger amount of power absorbed from the regenerative train and the amount of power supplied to the power train within the range of the storage capacity of the power storage facility. The energy saving effect is enhanced, and the power consumption corresponding to the installation cost of the regenerative power absorbing device can be reduced.
Therefore, the difference between the maximum load and the minimum load of the overhead line due to power running, regeneration, etc., that is, the fluctuation of the power load (hereinafter referred to as load fluctuation) and its frequency, that is, the amount of power and the frequency associated with each charge / discharge. It is desirable to install in the section where the charge / discharge efficiency determined by

However, for example, when the regenerative power absorbing device disclosed in the prior art document is installed near the station, the load fluctuation in this section is extremely small, that is, the operation frequency is sparse (for example, once per hour). Because there are few trains that power near the train to be regenerated, the regenerative power absorber operates every time the train brakes.
However, since the number of running trains itself is small, there are few opportunities to supply the collected power to the powering train. For this reason, the charge / discharge efficiency is low, and an energy saving effect commensurate with the capital investment required for constructing the power storage element and the charge / discharge management system cannot be obtained.

On the other hand, when the load fluctuation of the overhead line is very large, that is, the operation frequency is overcrowded (for example, operation interval of about 2 minutes), there are many trains running, but there are power trains near the regenerative train Since there is a high possibility, there is a case where the regenerative power from the regenerative train can be supplied directly to the power train via the overhead line without going through the power absorption from the regenerative train by the regenerative power absorber and the power release to the power train. Occurs frequently. For this reason, the frequency | count of operation | movement of a regenerative electric power absorption device decreases, and charge / discharge efficiency will fall too.
Thus, even when the overhead load fluctuates frequently but is very large, the energy saving effect obtained is not so great as compared to the capital investment required for the regenerative power absorbing device.

From the above, when the load fluctuation of the overhead line is moderately large and the operation frequency is somewhat overcrowded (for example, operation intervals of about 4 or 5 minutes), the number of running trains is relatively large and close to the regenerative train Since there is often no power train, the number of times the regenerative power absorption device performs charging and discharging increases, and a sufficiently large energy saving effect can be obtained even when compared with capital investment.
The electric power that can be collected by the regenerative train is related to the maximum speed and total weight of the train, and the charge / discharge efficiency varies greatly depending on the operation status, the number of trains set, the boarding rate, etc. in a specific time zone.

From this, the charge / discharge efficiency obtained when the power storage type regenerative power absorbing device of the prior art document is installed in the periphery can be expressed as shown in FIG.
In other words, the regenerative power absorber has a condition in which the charge / discharge efficiency changes depending on the magnitude and frequency of the load fluctuation of the overhead line, the load fluctuation of the overhead line is somewhat large, the charge / discharge efficiency is maximized, and an energy saving effect commensurate with capital investment can be achieved. (A portion in the figure) exists.
On the other hand, the train operation density and the train weight (boarding rate) that determine the magnitude of the load fluctuation of the overhead line vary depending on the day and the time zone. For example, during a rush hour on a weekday, a section where the diamonds are dense and the passenger ratio is high, that is, a section where the overhead load is high, moves like a wave along the route from the suburbs toward the city center. Hereinafter, the movement in the section with a high load fluctuation is referred to as a load fluctuation wave.

However, as shown in Patent Document 1, in the case where the regenerative power absorbing device is fixedly installed around the station, when a load fluctuation wave occurs, for example, depending on the time zone, a desired charge / discharge efficiency is achieved. It may not be possible to achieve the desired cost-effectiveness due to the installation of the regenerative power absorption device.
That is, in the vicinity of the station where the maximum cost-effectiveness can be obtained only during the rush hour on weekdays, the operation density is low except during the rush hour, and the desired charge / discharge efficiency cannot be obtained.

Conversely, in the vicinity of transfer stations where multiple routes are concentrated, during rush hours on weekdays, including trains that run in parallel on each route, the operation density becomes very high, and the power generated by the regenerative power absorber There may be a case where the opportunity for absorption and power discharge decreases, the installed regenerative power absorption device hardly operates, and the operation density is such that the maximum charge / discharge efficiency can be obtained in a time zone other than the rush hour.
In such a case, even if the regenerative power absorbing device is installed at each station, the problem that the charge / discharge efficiency sufficient to recover the capital investment required for installing the regenerative power absorbing device for two units is not necessarily obtained. was there.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to mount the regenerative power absorption device on the moving table and move the optimum position according to the movement of the load fluctuation wave of the overhead line, thereby maximizing the charge / discharge efficiency by the regenerative power absorption device. The purpose is to obtain the desired energy saving effect.

In order to achieve the above object, a mobile regenerative power absorbing device of the present invention is configured to form a moving body that can move on a route on which a plurality of trains operate, and a power receiving unit that receives power from an overhead line, a power storage device A power conversion device and a charge / discharge control unit that controls charging / discharging of the power storage device via the power conversion device, the power storage based on the overhead line voltage received by the power reception unit and the charging rate of the power storage device By controlling the charging / discharging of the device, the overhead line voltage is stabilized by charging / discharging the power storage device against load fluctuations due to power running or regeneration of the train operating on the route.

The operation management system for managing operation of a plurality of trains and the mobile regenerative power absorbing device, based on the temporal change of the load variations due to powering or regenerative said train, the mobile regenerative power absorption device, a predetermined It moved to the section where charge / discharge efficiency more than the value was obtained.

  According to the present invention, the regenerative power absorbing device is moved to the optimum position in accordance with the movement of the load fluctuation wave of the overhead line, and the charge and discharge of the power storage device is reduced while minimizing the capital investment. Efficiency can be maximized and a desired energy saving effect can be obtained.

The figure which shows charging / discharging efficiency characteristics when the regenerative electric power absorption apparatus is installed around a station. The figure which shows the structure of the mobile regenerative electric power absorption apparatus and operation management system of 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the operation | movement map of the charging / discharging control part of the mobile regenerative power absorption apparatus of 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the flowchart of the mobile regenerative electric power absorption apparatus and operation management system of 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the wave of the load fluctuation of the overhead wire of 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the operation example (weekday rush) of the mobile regenerative power absorption apparatus of 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the operation example (holiday) of the mobile regenerative power absorption apparatus of 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the operation example (midnight) of the mobile regenerative power absorption apparatus of 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the structure of the mobile regenerative electric power absorption apparatus and operation management system of 2nd Embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a mobile regenerative power absorbing device and an operation management system using the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Example 1]
FIG. 2 shows the configuration of a mobile regenerative power absorbing device according to the present embodiment and an operation management system using the same.
First, the power system will be described.
A DC power of, for example, 1500 [V] is passed from the AC system 1 through the transformer 3 and the rectifier 4 of the substation 2 between the overhead line 6 and the rail 7 to the drive system 11 of the mobile regenerative power absorber 5 described later. Supply. Hereinafter, the overhead wire 6 and the rail 7 are simply abbreviated as the overhead wires 6 and 7.

The mobile regenerative power absorption device 5 includes a power receiving device such as a pantograph that receives power from an overhead line, a battery 8, a power conversion device 9, a charge / discharge control unit 10, a drive system 11, and a communication unit 12. .
The time determined by the operation management system 13 is received by the communication unit 12, and the wheels are driven by the drive system 11 using the power supplied from the overhead lines 6 and 7 through the power receiving device based on the timetable, It can move along.

The charge / discharge control unit 10 charges or discharges the battery 8 by controlling the gate signal of the power converter 9 based on the battery voltage, the charge / discharge current, and the overhead line voltage, as will be described in detail later.
In the present embodiment, the battery 8 is used as the power storage device, but another power storage device such as a capacitor may be used.

The operation management system 13 includes a diagram database 14 storing plan schedules, an overhead line load prediction unit 15 for predicting overhead load from the schedule diagrams, and the charge / discharge efficiency of the regenerative power absorber from the estimated overhead load. An optimum position calculation unit 16 that calculates a section position that enhances and maximizes an energy saving effect, a diagram creation section 17 that creates an operation diagram of the mobile regenerative power absorption device 5 based on the section position, and the created diagram Is transmitted to the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5.
The overhead line load prediction unit 15 is a single or combination of load fluctuation elements having a large influence, such as an operation density for each section based on a plan schedule, an estimated value of the total train weight based on a boarding rate and the number of trained cars, a maximum speed, and the like. To predict the load fluctuation and frequency of overhead wires.

  The charge / discharge control unit 10 controls the power converter 9 based on the operation map shown in FIG. The vertical axis represents the overhead wire voltage Vs, and the horizontal axis represents the charging rate SOC of the battery 8. The power charging operation start voltage Vabs and the power discharge operation start voltage Vdisc are threshold values for determining operation conditions. SOCref is a command value of the charging rate of the battery 8, and a reference value ΔSOC of a deviation between the charging rate SOC and the charging rate command value SOCref is a condition for stopping switching of the IGBT (not shown). When the regenerative train does not exist on the overhead lines 6 and 7, that is, the output voltage of the rectifier 4 at no load is Vss0.

In this embodiment, when the overhead wire voltage Vs is larger than the power charging operation start voltage Vabs, the battery 8 is charged. On the other hand, when the overhead wire voltage Vs is smaller than the power discharge operation start voltage Vdisc, the battery 8 is discharged.
By doing so, the battery 8 is charged when the overhead wire voltage Vs increases due to regeneration or the like, and the power that has not been effectively used can be absorbed. Furthermore, when the overhead wire voltage Vs decreases due to power running or the like, the battery 8 is discharged, and the regenerative power can be reused. When the overhead wire voltage Vs is equal to or lower than the power charging operation start voltage Vabs and equal to or higher than the power discharge operation start voltage Vdisc, the charging rate control of the battery 8 is performed.

  In the charge rate control, charge / discharge control is performed so that the charge rate SOC of the battery 8 matches the charge rate command value SOCref. In the charging rate control, when the absolute value of the deviation between the charging rate SOC of the battery 8 and the charging rate command value SOCref is smaller than the reference value ΔSOC, the switching of the IGBT (not shown) is stopped. This is called suppression control. Thereby, the standby loss of the power converter 9 can be reduced.

  The power charging operation start voltage Vabs is set to a value higher than the output voltage Vss0 of the rectifier 4 when there is no load. If the power charging operation start voltage Vabs is set to a value lower than the output voltage Vss0 of the rectifier 4 when there is no load, even when the regenerative train does not exist on the overhead lines 6 and 7, the rectifier 4 is used. Power is absorbed from the AC system 1 to the battery 8, and the battery 8 is charged.

By making the power charging operation start voltage Vabs higher than the output voltage Vss0 of the rectifier 4 when there is no load, the battery 8 is charged only when regenerative power is generated on the overhead lines 6 and 7. Conversely, if the power charging operation start voltage Vabs is too high, the absorption of regenerative power is delayed.
That is, the power charging operation start voltage Vabs is preferably set to a voltage several tens [V] higher than the output voltage Vss0 of the rectifier 4 when there is no load. In this example, Vabs is a constant example with respect to the SOC, but may be changed. For example, if the SOC is set to be equal to or higher than a predetermined value and Vabs is set to be high, the voltage at which charging is started when the SOC is increased becomes high, and overcharging of the battery 8 can be prevented.

  The power discharge operation start voltage Vdisc is set to a value lower than the output voltage Vss0 of the rectifier 4 when there is no load. By setting in this way, the battery 8 is discharged only when power is insufficient on the overhead lines 6 and 7. If the power discharge operation start voltage Vdisc is too low, the effect of suppressing the drop in the overhead line voltage cannot be sufficiently obtained. That is, the power discharge operation start voltage Vdisc is set to a value several tens [V] lower than the output voltage Vss0 of the rectifier 4 when there is no load. In this example, Vdisc is a constant example with respect to the SOC, but may be changed. For example, if the SOC is set to be equal to or less than a predetermined value and Vdisc is set to be low, the voltage at which discharge is started when the SOC is reduced becomes low. That is, when the SOC is small, overdischarge of the battery 8 can be prevented.

  In FIG. 3, the charging rate command value SOCref is set to a value lower than 50%. This is a case where importance is attached to absorbing a large amount of regenerative power by the battery 14. However, if the charging rate command value SOCref is too low, it is not possible to reliably replenish the undervoltage of the overhead wire. Therefore, the charging rate command value SOCref is preferably about 10% to 40%. Although the above emphasizes the absorption of regenerative power by the battery 14, the charging rate command value is more important than supplying insufficient power on the overhead wires 6 and 7 rather than absorbing the regenerative power by the battery 14. SOCref may be set to a value higher than 50%.

If the reference value ΔSOC of the deviation is too small, the state where switching is stopped does not continue for a long time, so that the effect of reducing standby loss is reduced. On the other hand, if the deviation reference value ΔSOC is too large, the range in which the charge rate control can be performed is reduced, which hinders improvement in the battery utilization rate.
Therefore, the deviation reference value ΔSOC should be about several percent if the full charge is 100%. In this example, the area to be suppressed is within the charging rate command value SOCref ± ΔSOC, but may be asymmetrical.

  Then, the flowchart of a mobile regenerative electric power absorption apparatus and an operation management system is demonstrated using FIG. First, the operation management system 13 acquires weather information such as the current date and day of the week and the temperature and weather from the outside from a clock (not shown) in S41. Note that the above is an example, and various types of information may be acquired from other systems, or the operation management system may determine by directly reading sensor information. Further, all information is not necessarily required, and at least one piece of information is sufficient.

  Next, the operation management system 13 acquires a plan diagram according to the date and time information acquired from the database 14 in which the plan diagram is stored in S42. In the present embodiment, a planned diamond is used, but a diamond that has been changed due to diamond disruption or operation arrangement may be used. Subsequently, the weight of the train is estimated based on the date / time, temperature, and weather acquired in S43. However, the estimated weight may be acquired directly from each train based on a variable load device or the like without estimation.

As shown in FIG. 5, the overhead load prediction unit 15 of the operation management system 13 estimates the load fluctuation and frequency of overhead power up to several hours ahead from the schedule and the train weight in S44.
The load fluctuation and frequency of overhead power may be predicted using a simulation model, or a map or function that calculates the overhead load from the planned diagram density, train weight, etc. is created in advance. It is good to use.
In general, as shown in FIG. 5, the load fluctuation of the overhead wire tends to increase as the diagram density increases and the train weight increases (the boarding rate increases).

  Next, the optimum position calculation unit 16 of the operation management system 13 has a large energy saving effect of the mobile regenerative power absorption device from the relationship between the charge / discharge efficiency and the load fluctuation in FIG. 1 and the transition of the load fluctuation of the overhead line in S45. The time series data of the position or section to be calculated is calculated. Next, the diagram creation unit 17 of the operation management system 13 creates a diagram up to several hours after the mobile regenerative absorption device based on the time-series data of the position in S46. It is desirable that the time-series data of the position and the diagram coincide as much as possible from the viewpoint of energy saving, but the diagram may be calculated within a range that does not affect the diagram of a general train. Next, the communication unit 18 of the operation management system 13 transmits the diamond to the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 in S47. The communication unit 12 of the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 receives the diamond sent from the operation management system 13 in S48.

The drive system 11 of the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 creates a run curve based on the diagram in S49, and controls an inverter and a motor (not shown) so as to follow the run curve. The above flowchart is repeated at regular intervals such as every few minutes.
Through the above-described processing, the mobile regenerative power absorption device 5 and the operation management system 13 predict the load on the overhead line, and move the operating position of the mobile regenerative power absorption device 5 according to the movement of the load fluctuation wave of the overhead line. Can be made. Note that the flowchart of FIG. 4 may be performed by either the operation management system 13 or the mobile regenerative power absorption device 5.

  Next, FIG. 6 shows an operation example of the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 at the weekday rush hour. The route in FIG. 6 is a suburban train that runs from the city center to the suburbs, and is a scene of 7:00 on weekdays and 8:00 on weekdays. From the suburbs toward the city center, the waves are shifting in a section where the diamonds are dense and the boarding rate is high, that is, a section where the load fluctuation of the overhead wire is large. The mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 moves to an appropriate position with a high energy saving effect according to the load fluctuation wave of the overhead line according to the flowchart of FIG. If necessary, stop at a branch line installed around the location and stop.

The mobile regenerative power absorption device consumes energy necessary for movement, but the energy-saving effect of operating it at an appropriate position is greater. By applying this application, sufficient charge / discharge efficiency can be achieved in the entire system. It can be obtained and a high energy saving effect can be obtained.
In addition, the load of the overhead line is not only clean and convex as shown in the figure, but there may be multiple convex parts, but it is not partially optimal, but it looks at the load fluctuation wave from a macro perspective and matches it It is desirable to determine the position of the mobile regenerative absorber. For example, when the load fluctuation wave is moving in the upward direction macroscopically, it is desirable that the mobile regenerative absorption device also move in the upward direction. In addition, the speed of the mobile regenerative absorption device does not have to completely match the load fluctuation wave, and a sufficient energy saving effect can be obtained if the mobile regenerative absorption device moves within a certain range.

Next, FIG. 7 shows a holiday operation example of the mobile regenerative power absorption device 5. On holidays, unlike weekdays, there is little change in the density of the diamonds and the boarding rate, and there is no peak load fluctuation in the overhead line, so the waves do not move. Even if the mobile regenerative power absorbing device is moved, the kinetic energy is only consumed and an improvement in the energy saving effect cannot be expected.
As described above, when there is no movement of the wave of the load fluctuation of the overhead wire, the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 is stopped to suppress useless consumption of kinetic energy.

Next, FIG. 8 shows an operation example of the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 at night on weekdays. At pm 11:00, the peak of load is in the vicinity of the main line station in the passenger transportation time zone, but when it is am 1:00, the cargo transportation time zone is reached, and the section where the load fluctuation occurs moves near the cargo station.
The mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 moves to the vicinity of the cargo station in accordance with the movement of the load fluctuation by the processing of the flowchart of FIG. Furthermore, since the load wave does not move from the vicinity of the freight station at am 1:00 and am 3:00, the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 does not move but stops at a place where the energy saving effect is high. That is, when there is no movement of the load wave of the overhead wire, the mobile regenerative power absorbing device 5 is stopped, thereby suppressing wasteful kinetic energy consumption.

[Example 2]
A second embodiment of the mobile regenerative power absorbing device and the operation management system will be described. Only the differences from the first embodiment will be described.
FIG. 9 shows the configuration of the mobile regenerative power absorbing device and the operation management system. As shown in FIG. 9, the mobile regenerative power absorbing device of the second embodiment is connected to a passenger train.
By doing so, it is not necessary to newly draw a diagram of the mobile regenerative power absorbing device as compared with the first embodiment. On the other hand, since it is a part of a passenger train, an energy saving effect can be obtained when the train connected to the mobile regenerative power absorber can move in accordance with the movement of the overhead load as in the commuting rush of FIG. .
However, if there is no movement of the overhead load wave as shown in the lower part of FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, wasteful power consumption occurs when the mobile regenerative power absorber is run. It is necessary to suppress the energy consumption due to.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... AC system, 2 ... Substation, 3 ... Transformer, 4 ... Rectifier 5 ... Mobile regenerative power absorption device, 6 ... Overhead wire, 7 ... Rail 8 ..Battery, 9 ... Power conversion device, 10 ... Charge / discharge control unit 11 ... Drive system, 12 ... Communication unit, 13 ... Operation management system 14 ... Planning diagram DB, 15 ... Overhead load prediction unit, 16 ... Optimal position calculation unit 17 ... Diagram creation unit, 18 ... Communication unit

Claims (7)

An operation management system for managing operations of a plurality of trains and a mobile regenerative power absorber,
The mobile regenerative power absorption device constitutes a movable body that can move on a route on which the train operates, and receives power from an overhead line, a power storage device, a power conversion device, and the power conversion device. the includes a discharge control unit that controls, based on the charging rate of the overhead line voltage and the power storage device with the power receiving unit to charge and discharge to receiving the power storage device, before Symbol load by train powering or regenerative to navigate the route Te There line charging and discharging of the power storage device to change,
The operation management system moves the mobile regenerative power absorption device to a section where charge / discharge efficiency equal to or higher than a predetermined value is obtained based on a temporal change in load fluctuation due to power running or regeneration of a train that operates the route.
An operation management system characterized by this. The load fluctuation due to power running or regeneration of the train is calculated using at least one of the total train weight and the maximum speed based on the train operation density, the boarding rate and the number of trains in the section. The operation management system according to claim 1 . The mobile body is stopped so that the mobile regenerative power absorbing device stays in the section when the section in which the charge / discharge efficiency equal to or higher than the predetermined value does not change for a certain period of time. The operation management system according to 1 or 2. A prediction unit that predicts the power load of the overhead line based on the train operation schedule, a position determination unit that determines the position of the mobile regenerative power absorption device based on the prediction result, and the mobile regeneration based on the position The determination part which determines the diamond of an electric power absorption apparatus is provided, The said mobile regenerative electric power absorption apparatus is moved based on this diamond, The statement of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The operation management system described. The operation management system according to claim 4 , wherein the mobile regenerative power absorbing device is moved from a suburb toward a city center during commuting rush on weekdays . The operation management system according to claim 4 or 5 , wherein the mobile regenerative power absorbing device is stopped near a freight station during a freight transportation time zone . The mobile regenerative power absorption device is connected to the train and moved together with the train.
The operation management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 .

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