JP5922037B2 - コンパニオン動物のためのピルベートを含む組成物、およびその使用法 - Google Patents
コンパニオン動物のためのピルベートを含む組成物、およびその使用法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5922037B2 JP5922037B2 JP2012547161A JP2012547161A JP5922037B2 JP 5922037 B2 JP5922037 B2 JP 5922037B2 JP 2012547161 A JP2012547161 A JP 2012547161A JP 2012547161 A JP2012547161 A JP 2012547161A JP 5922037 B2 JP5922037 B2 JP 5922037B2
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Description
[001]本出願は、本明細書に援用される2009年12月29日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/290,780号に優先権を請求する。
[0025]本発明は、一般的に、コンパニオン動物において、障害を治療するかまたは防止するのに有効な量で、1またはそれより多いピルベートを含むコンパニオン動物食用組成物を含む。
[0028]別の態様において、ピルベートは、組成物重量の最大約20%の量で存在する。
[0029]別の態様において、ピルベートは、組成物重量の約0.1〜約10%の量で存在する。
[0031]別の態様において、ピルベートは、組成物重量の約0.7%の量である。
[0033]別の態様において、組成物は、食品、栄養食餌、栄養補助食品、動物用おやつ、またはおもちゃである。
[0035]本発明の別の態様は、コンパニオン動物において、変性性関節状態を防止するか、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療するための方法であって、変性性関節状態を防止するか、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療するのに有効な量の1またはそれより多いピルベートを含む本発明の食用組成物を、該動物に与える工程を含む、前記方法を含む。1つの態様において、変性性関節状態は、こうしたコンパニオン動物における変形性関節症または軟骨損傷である。
[0042]用語「酸化防止剤」は、フリーラジカルと反応し、そしてこれらを中和することが可能な物質を意味する。こうした物質の例示的な例には、ベータ−カロテン、セレン、補酵素Q10(ユビキノン)、ルエチン(luetin)、トコトリエノール、大豆イソフラボン、S−アデノシルメチオニン、グルタチオン、タウリン、N−アセチルシステイン、ビタミンE、ビタミンC、リポ酸およびL−カルニチンが含まれる。1またはそれより多い酸化防止剤の有用なレベルを含有する食品の例には、限定されるわけではないが、イチョウ(ginkgo bilboa)、緑茶、ブロッコリー(broccoli)、柑橘類果肉、ブドウ(grape)の絞りかす、トマト(tomato)の絞りかす、ニンジン(carrot)、ほうれん草(spinach)、ならびに非常に多様な果実ミールおよび野菜ミールが含まれる。当業者には、酸化防止剤の単位は、本明細書において、「ppm」として提供されるが、適切な場合、そして例えばビタミンEのような所定の酸化防止剤に習慣的である場合、「IU/kg」としてもまた、適切な酸化防止剤量を提供可能であることが理解されるであろう。
[0045]本発明で用いる用語「コンパニオン動物」には、ヒトによってペットとして飼われるのに適した任意の非ヒト動物が含まれ、イヌおよびネコが含まれる。本発明のすべての側面は、好ましくはネコおよび/またはイヌの治療のためである。
[0050]用語「炎症」は、傷害性刺激によって影響を受けた組織のため、傷害性刺激を取り除き、そして治癒プロセスを開始する、生物による防御の試みを指す。炎症は、急性または慢性のいずれかに分類可能である。急性炎症は、有害な刺激に対する最初の反応であり、そして血液から傷害を受けた組織内への血漿および白血球の移動増加によって達成される。生化学的事象のカスケードは、傷害を受けた組織内の局所血管系、免疫系、および多様な細胞を伴って、炎症性反応を伝播し、そして成熟させる。慢性炎症または長期炎症は、炎症部位に存在する細胞タイプの進行性のシフトを導き、そして炎症プロセスからの組織の破壊および治癒が同時に起こることによって特徴付けられる。
[0052]本明細書において、用語「ピルベート」には、限定されるわけではないが、例えば、ピルビン酸、ならびにピルビン酸の塩およびエステルが含まれ、限定されるわけではないが:ピルビン酸カルシウム、ピルビン酸ナトリウム、ピルビン酸リチウム、ピルビン酸カリウム、ピルビン酸マグネシウム、ピルビン酸亜鉛、ピルビン酸マンガンおよびその組み合わせが含まれる。用語「ピルベート」にはまた、ピルブアミド(pyruvamide)またはピルビル−アミノ酸の形の特定のピルベート前駆体分子も含まれる。用語、ピルビル−アミノ酸には、ピルビル−グリシン、ピルビル−グルタミン、ピルビル−リジン、ピルビル−バリン、ピルビル−イソロイシン、ピルビル−フェニルアラニン、ピルビル−プロリンおよびそのアミド、エステル、塩、ならびにその混合物が含まれる。用語「ピルベート」にはまた、ピルビン酸エチル、ピルビン酸プロピル、ピルビン酸ブチル、ピルビン酸カルボメトキシメチル(carbmethoxymethyl)、ピルビン酸カルボエトキシメチル、ピルビン酸アセトキシメチル、ピルビン酸カルボメトキシエチル、ピルビン酸カルボエトキシエチル、ピルビン酸メトキシメチルおよびピルビン酸エトキシメチルなどのピルビン酸誘導体も含まれる。用語「ピルベート」にはまた、前述の物質いずれかの混合物も含まれる。特定の好ましい態様において、ピルベートはピルビン酸カルシウムである。
[0058]用語「栄養分」は、栄養を提供する物質を指す。いくつかの場合、成分は、1より多い「栄養分」を含んでもよく、例えば、組成物は、成分として魚油を含んでもよく、該魚油はそれ自体、エイコサペンタン酸およびドコサヘキサエン酸などの重要な栄養分を含む。これらの用語の区別は、当業者にはよく知られている。
[0063]本発明の組成物には、軟骨組織からのGAGの放出を減少させ、そして関節炎状態を防止するか、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療するための、関節軟骨に対する分解を含む変性性関節状態を防止し、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療するために有効な量のピルベートが含まれる。
[0065]一般的に、組成物中で有効な量には、組成物重量の最大約20%、重量の最大約18%、重量の最大約16%、重量の最大約14%、重量の最大約12%、重量の最大約10%、重量の最大約9%、重量の最大約8%、重量の最大約7%、重量の最大約6%、重量の最大約5%、重量の最大約4%、重量の最大約3%、重量の最大約2%、または重量の最大約1%の量の1またはそれより多いピルベートが含まれる。特定の態様において、1またはそれより多いピルベートは、組成物重量の0.5〜1.0%の量で存在し、そして他の態様において、1またはそれより多いピルベートは、組成物重量のおよそ0.7%の量で存在する。
[0070]特定の態様において、コンパニオン動物はネコである。
[0071]多様な態様において、本発明のコンパニオン動物は、飼い猫(フェリス・ドメスティクス(Felis domesticus))または飼い犬(カニス・ドメスティクス(Canis domesticus))である。他のコンパニオン動物には、魚類、鳥類およびウマが含まれる。
[0073]特定の態様において、食餌食品組成物は、高齢の動物または関節炎を患う動物に投与可能である。
(a)約0%〜約75%の炭水化物;
(b)約2%〜約50%の脂肪;
(c)約0%〜約40%の食物繊維、および
(d)約0%〜約15%の1またはそれより多い栄養バランス化剤
の少なくとも1つもまた含む。
[0086]食餌の代謝可能エネルギー(ME)は、糞便、尿、および可燃性ガス中に排出されるエネルギーを減じた後の、食餌消費に際して動物が利用可能となるエネルギーである。The Association of American Feed Control Officials, Inc.機関紙またはNational Research CouncilのNutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats, The National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2006に詳述されるものなどの、当業者に知られる方法によって、代謝可能エネルギー値を決定することも可能である。
[00115]1つの態様において、組成物は、コンパニオン動物食品組成物またはペットフードの形である。
[00123]別の態様において、コンパニオン動物において、変性性関節状態を防止するか、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療する方法であって、変性性関節状態を防止するか、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療するのに有効な量の1またはそれより多いピルベートを含む、本発明の食用組成物を、動物に与える工程を含む、前記方法を含む。本発明の特定の態様において、変性性関節状態を防止するか、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療するための組成物および方法は、イヌまたはネコのためのものである。本発明の他の態様において、変性性関節状態を防止するか、その1またはそれより多い症状を改善するか、あるいは該状態を治療するのに有効な量の1またはそれより多いピルベートを提供する組成物は、栄養的に完全な食餌組成物である。
材料および方法:
培地組成:
[00143]完全培地(CM):高グルコース、L−グルタミン(GlutaMAX)、ピルビン酸ナトリウム、10%FBS、100U/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン、および0.5μg/mlアンホテリシンBを含むDMEM。
血清不含培地(SFM):高グルコース、L−グルタミン(GlutaMAX)、ピルビン酸ナトリウム、100U/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン、および0.5μg/mlアンホテリシンBを含むDMEM。
作業日:0、1、5
A B C
A:試験物品を添加
B:オンコスタチンMを添加
C:細胞培養上清およびビーズを除去
イヌ軟骨細胞培養
[00144]凍結保存イヌ軟骨細胞は、Cell Applications, Inc.(カタログ番号402−05、ロット番号2035)によって単離された。凍結保存細胞を、2回の継代に渡って、CM中、単層として増殖させた。単層培養を、1.2%アルギン酸ナトリウム(155mM塩化ナトリウム中で調製)中、4x106細胞/mlに懸濁した。細胞溶液を22ゲージ針を通じて、1滴ずつ、102mM塩化カルシウム溶液内に通過させた。細胞ビーズを10分間固化させ、そしてCM+AA中に再懸濁した。細胞ビーズを37℃、5%CO2で増殖させた。CM+AA中で24日間増殖させた(2〜3日ごとに培地交換)後、試験物品添加前に、SFM中でビーズを24時間増殖させた。
[00145]ピルビン酸カルシウム(65%混合物、MW88.06)を水中、10mMに溶解し、37℃で15分間加熱し、そして0.2ミクロンのシリンジ・フィルターを通じてフィルター滅菌した。それぞれ10mMおよび10μM溶液をSFM中で希釈することによって、10μMおよび1μMの作業ピルビン酸カルシウム溶液を調製した。
[00146]エタノール中で調製したデキサメタゾン2.55mM溶液を10μM SFMに希釈した。
オンコスタチンMの調製:
[00148]オンコスタチンMの100μg/ml溶液(OSM;水中で調製)をSFM中で500ng/mlに希釈した。
[00149]SFM中に24時間置いた後、ビーズを24ウェルプレート(3ビーズ/ウェル)に移し、そして適切な試験物品および対照溶液を添加した。オンコスタチンM処理の前に、細胞を24時間インキュベーションした。
[00150]50μLのSFMを−OSMプレートに添加した。50μLの500ng/ml OSM溶液を+50ng/ml OSMプレートに添加した。プレートを37℃、5%CO2で4日間インキュベーションした。
[00151]OSM
1 2 3 4 5 6
A ビヒクル1 ビヒクル1 ピルビン酸カルシウム(10□M) ピルビン酸カルシウム(10□M)
B デキサメタゾン デキサメタゾン ピルビン酸カルシウム(1□M) ピルビン酸カルシウム(1□M)
+50ng/ml OSM
1 2 3 4 5 6
A ビヒクル2 ビヒクル2 ピルビン酸カルシウム(10□M) ピルビン酸カルシウム(10□M)
B デキサメタゾン デキサメタゾン ピルビン酸カルシウム(1□M) ピルビン酸カルシウム(1□M)
上清/細胞ビーズ採取:
[00152]4日間のOSM処理後、細胞培養上清を採取し、そしてアッセイまで−30℃で保存した。細胞ビーズをPBSで洗浄し、そして消化まで−30℃で保存した。
[00153]200μLの水および250μLの2x消化緩衝液(0.1Mリン酸緩衝液pH6.5、4mM EDTA、4mM L−システイン、250μg/mlパパイン)を、融解した細胞ビーズ(およその細胞ビーズ体積=50μL)に添加した。ビーズを65℃で4時間消化した。消化したビーズをアッセイまで−30℃で保存した。
[00154]100μLの細胞培養上清または10μLの消化細胞ビーズと90μLの1x消化緩衝液(パパインを含まない)を1.5ml試験管に添加した。GAG標準を1x消化緩衝液(パパインを含まない)またはSFM中で調製した。試料および標準を、1mlのBlyscan色素試薬と、軌道振盪装置上、700rpmで45分間インキュベーションした。試料を20,817xgで10分間遠心分離した。上清を取り除き、そしてペレットをBlyscan色素解離試薬と>4時間インキュベーションした。各試料から、200μLの解離した色素を96ウェルプレートに移した。
[00156]製造者の指示にしたがって、ELISAによって、PGE2に関して細胞培養上清をアッセイした。ThermoMaxマイクロプレート読み取り装置(Molecular Devices)を用いて、吸光度読み取り値を検出した。4−パラメーター・ロジスティック曲線適合方程式(SoftMax Pro 4.7.1; Molecular Devices)を用いて、標準曲線を生成した。各試料読み取り値を、適切な標準曲線から内挿した。2つ組の内挿試料値を平均し、そして標準偏差を計算した。計算した濃度に適切な希釈係数を乗じた。
材料および方法:
[00161]21匹のネコに、対照食品または対照+ピルベートのいずれかの選択肢を与えた。対照食品組成物は表1の通りである。1%ピルビン酸カルシウムを、トウモロコシの代わりに対照食品に添加した。第0日、ネコは対照食品または対照食品+ピルベートの2つの食品の一方に割り当てられた。摂取量を測定し、そして標準嗜好性試験に基づいて、摂取比を計算した。
材料および方法
[00237]関節炎および正常ネコにおいて、ピルビン酸カルシウムを試験し、軟骨損傷および炎症性マーカーを減じる際の有効性を決定した。10匹の正常および10匹の関節炎ネコに、重量1%のピルビン酸カルシウムで増進したネコ対照食餌を28日間与えた。自然対数変換値に対して、分析を行った。平均およびSEDは、対数変換データの真数値である。
ピルビン酸カルシウムは、ネコにおいて、血清IL−1ベータおよびHMGB1の濃度を減少させ、そしてまた、骨形成マーカー、BAPを改善した。これは、ピルベートを含有する食品が、抗炎症効果を有し、そして関節炎状態では失われている骨形成を改善することを示唆する。
Claims (13)
- コンパニオン動物において、変性性関節状態を治療するかまたは防止するための方法であって、該動物に、変性性関節状態を治療するかまたは防止するのに有効な量の1またはそれより多いピルベートを含む食用組成物を与える工程を含む、ここで、食用組成物が食品組成物である、前記方法。
- コンパニオン動物がイヌである、請求項1の方法。
- コンパニオン動物がネコである、請求項1の方法。
- 1またはそれより多いピルベートが、組成物重量の最大20%の量で組成物中に存在する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項の方法。
- 1またはそれより多いピルベートが、組成物重量の0.1〜10%の量で組成物中に存在する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項の方法。
- 1またはそれより多いピルベートが、組成物重量の3%〜6%の量で組成物中に存在する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項の方法。
- 1またはそれより多いピルベートが、組成物重量の5%の量で組成物中に存在する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項の方法。
- 組成物がさらに、タンパク質、脂肪、炭水化物、繊維、およびその組み合わせからなる群より選択される構成要素を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項の方法。
- 組成物が、栄養食餌、栄養補助食品、動物用おやつ、または、チュアブルであるおもちゃである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項の方法。
- 変性性関節状態が変形性関節症を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項の方法。
- 変性性関節状態が、軟骨損傷を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項の方法。
- 1またはそれより多いピルベートがピルビン酸カルシウムである、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項の方法。
- 食用組成物が、重量0〜90%の炭水化物、重量5〜70%のタンパク質、重量2〜50%の脂肪、および重量0〜15%の:ビタミン、ミネラルまたは酸化防止剤からなる群より選択される1またはそれより多い栄養バランス化物質;ならびに重量3%〜6%の1またはそれより多いピルベートを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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