JP5919711B2 - Method for producing Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip, Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip, stainless steel foil, and catalyst carrier for automobile exhaust gas purification device - Google Patents
Method for producing Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip, Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip, stainless steel foil, and catalyst carrier for automobile exhaust gas purification device Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、表面性状および靭性に優れたAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯の製造方法およびAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯、ステンレス箔、並びに、自動車排ガス浄化装置用触媒担体に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing an Al-containing ferritic stainless hot-rolled steel strip excellent in surface properties and toughness, an Al-containing ferritic stainless hot-rolled steel strip, a stainless steel foil, and a catalyst carrier for an automobile exhaust gas purification device.
Fe−Cr−Al合金からなるフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、高温での耐酸化性に優れるため、厚さ100μm以下の箔形状に加工され、自動車、オートバイ、マリンバイク、モーターボートなどの排ガス浄化装置用部材(例えば、触媒担体、各種センサーなど)に使用されているほか、ストーブ、ガスバーナー、加熱炉の部材、あるいは電気抵抗率が高い特性を活かして、ヒーターの発熱体などにも使用されており、幅広い用途を有している。 Ferritic stainless steel made of Fe-Cr-Al alloy has excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures, so it is processed into a foil shape with a thickness of 100 μm or less, and is a member for exhaust gas purification devices such as automobiles, motorcycles, marine bikes, motor boats, etc. In addition to being used for (for example, catalyst carriers, various sensors, etc.), it is also used for heating elements such as heaters, gas burners, heating furnace members, or heaters utilizing its high electrical resistivity characteristics. Has a wide range of uses.
排ガス規制は今後更に強化されることが予想され、燃費向上のため排ガス自体の温度が上昇する傾向にある。より過酷な環境で使用されることになる排ガス浄化装置用触媒担体に用いられるステンレス箔には、高温での耐酸化性に加え、更なる高温での強度が求められていた。そこで、本出願人は、20質量%Cr−5質量%Al系に代表されるAl含有フェライト系ステンレス鋼に加え、Cr含有量を増加させた成分系も含んだ15〜35質量%Cr鋼をベースに、Mo、Wおよび適量のREMなどを添加し、さらにNb、Ta、およびCeの含有量を低減させることで、高温での強度および高温での対酸化性を高めたフェライト系Al含有ステンレス鋼を発明した(特願2011−051279号、特願2011−081600号)。この発明により、高温での強度向上ばかりでなく耐塩害腐食性の向上も可能となり、Al含有フェライト系ステンレス鋼の適用範囲が著しく拡大された。 The exhaust gas regulations are expected to be further strengthened in the future, and the temperature of the exhaust gas itself tends to rise to improve fuel efficiency. The stainless steel foil used for the catalyst carrier for the exhaust gas purifying apparatus to be used in a harsher environment has been required to have higher strength at high temperature in addition to oxidation resistance at high temperature. Therefore, the present applicant has added 15 to 35 mass% Cr steel including a component system with an increased Cr content in addition to the Al-containing ferritic stainless steel represented by the 20 mass% Cr-5 mass% Al system. Ferrite-based Al-containing stainless steel with enhanced strength at high temperatures and oxidation resistance at high temperatures by adding Mo, W and appropriate amounts of REM to the base, and further reducing the contents of Nb, Ta, and Ce Steel was invented (Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2011-051279 and 2011-081600). According to the present invention, not only strength at high temperature but also salt corrosion resistance can be improved, and the application range of Al-containing ferritic stainless steel is remarkably expanded.
Al含有フェライト系ステンレス鋼は、以上に述べた利点を有している一方で、熱延板靭性が他のフェライト系ステンレス鋼に比べ著しく劣り、熱延コイルの展開中あるいは冷間圧延中にしばしば板破断が生じ装置トラブルの原因となっていた。特に、本出願人が発明した高温での強度および高温での耐酸化性を高めたフェライト系Al含有ステンレス鋼は、強度を高めたが故に熱延板靭性が低下し割れが発生し易いため、安定した製造法の確立が望まれていた。 While Al-containing ferritic stainless steels have the advantages described above, hot-rolled sheet toughness is significantly inferior to other ferritic stainless steels, often during hot-rolled coil deployment or cold rolling. The plate broke and caused equipment trouble. In particular, the ferritic Al-containing stainless steel having improved strength at high temperatures and oxidation resistance at high temperatures invented by the present applicant, because the hot-rolled sheet toughness is lowered and cracking is likely to occur because the strength is increased. Establishment of a stable production method has been desired.
一般にフェライト系ステンレス鋼の熱延板靭性低下の要因として、熱間圧延中または熱間圧延終了後の冷却中に生じる炭窒化物や金属間化合物の析出および475℃脆性が挙げられ、それぞれ600〜800℃付近および475℃付近で保持されると出現し熱延板靭性を低下させることが知られている。これらの脆化はCr含有量が約20質量%を超えると顕著になるため、高Crフェライト系ステンレス鋼の熱延板靭性を改善するためには、熱間圧延終了後の冷却時に、脆化温度域を出来る限り短時間で通過させることが重要となる。そのため、例えば特許文献1には、熱間圧延終了後500℃超850℃未満の温度でコイルを巻き取った後、コイルを水冷する方法が、特許文献2には、仕上げ温度900℃以下で熱間圧延を終了し、600℃以下で巻取り後直ちにコイル水冷を施し、その後700〜850℃でベル焼鈍を行った後再度コイル水冷する方法がそれぞれ開示されている。また、特許文献3には、熱間圧延終了後に10℃/秒以上の冷却速度で水冷し、かつ450℃以下で巻き取る方法が開示されている。 In general, as a factor of hot rolled sheet toughness reduction of ferritic stainless steel, precipitation of carbonitride and intermetallic compound generated during hot rolling or cooling after completion of hot rolling and brittleness at 475 ° C. can be mentioned, It is known that when it is held at around 800 ° C. and around 475 ° C., it appears and lowers the hot rolled sheet toughness. These embrittlements become prominent when the Cr content exceeds about 20% by mass. Therefore, in order to improve the hot-rolled sheet toughness of the high Cr ferritic stainless steel, the embrittlement occurs during cooling after hot rolling. It is important to pass through the temperature range as quickly as possible. Therefore, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a coil is wound at a temperature of more than 500 ° C. and less than 850 ° C. after the hot rolling is completed, and then the coil is water-cooled. A method is disclosed in which coil rolling is performed immediately after coiling at 600 [deg.] C. or lower after coiling is finished, followed by bell annealing at 700 to 850 [deg.] C. and then coil water cooling again. Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which water-cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./second or more after the hot rolling is completed, and winding is performed at 450 ° C. or less.
しかし、特許文献1および特許文献2に記載の方法では、熱延コイルを水冷または加熱するための特殊な設備が必要となりコスト増加につながるばかりか、冷却時の収縮によって、巻き取られた熱延コイル内にずれが生じ、傷やヘゲなどの欠陥の原因となっていた。また、特許文献3に記載の方法では、450℃以下という一般的なステンレス鋼の熱延鋼帯製造方法と比べて著しく低い温度で巻取りが行なわれるため、熱延後の急速冷却時に形状変化が生じ、熱延板の表面に欠陥が多発するという難点がある。急速に冷却し450℃以下の低温で巻き取る場合、急冷時に変形した鋼帯が蛇行することによるガイド部への接触、またその際に生じた破片のコイル内への巻き込みなどによる表面欠陥が生じることもあった。熱間圧延により生じた表面欠陥は最終製品にまで残存し易く、冷間圧延後の表面傷や穴開きなどの不良を引き起こす。このような欠陥部分は、冷間圧延中に一旦圧延を中止し、切断や部分研磨などで取り除く必要があるため、生産効率を低下させる原因にもなる。すなわち、いずれの技術においても、靭性を向上させる目的で熱延鋼帯に低温までの急速冷却を施しているが、熱延板の表面性状を低下させ生産性低下につながっていたのである。
However, the methods described in Patent Document 1 and
本発明は、これらの問題を解決し、靭性を低下させること無く表面性状を改善し、安定した製造プロセスでの生産が可能な高Al含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯の製造方法および高Al含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯、ステンレス箔、並びに、自動車排ガス浄化装置用触媒担体を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves these problems, improves the surface properties without reducing toughness, and can produce a high Al content ferritic stainless steel hot rolled steel strip that can be produced in a stable production process, and a high Al content An object is to provide a ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip, a stainless steel foil, and a catalyst carrier for an automobile exhaust gas purification device.
本発明者らは、上記問題を解決すべく鋭意検討したところ、Alの含有量を適切に制御し、熱間圧延後に適切な冷却および巻取り条件とすることで、上記目的を達成しうることを見出した。すなわち、本発明は下記[1]〜[8]で示す特徴で要約される。 The inventors of the present invention have intensively studied to solve the above problems, and can achieve the above object by appropriately controlling the Al content and setting appropriate cooling and winding conditions after hot rolling. I found. That is, the present invention is summarized by the features shown in the following [1] to [8].
[1]質量%で、C:0.05%以下、Si:2.0%以下、Mn:1.0%以下、S:0.003%以下、P:0.05%以下、Cr:15.0〜35.0%、Ni:0.05〜0.30%、Al:3.0〜10.0%、N:0.10%以下、Ti:0.02%以下、Nb:0.02%以下、Ta:0.02%以下、Zr:0.005〜0.20%、Ce:0.02%以下、Ceを除くREM:0.03〜0.20%、MoおよびWのうち少なくとも一種を合計で0.5〜8.0%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物より成る鋼を熱間圧延する際、850℃以上の温度で熱間圧延を終了し、その後10℃/秒以上の冷却速度で500℃〜650℃まで急冷した後に巻取りを行って熱延コイルとすることを特徴とするAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯の製造方法。 [1] By mass%, C: 0.05% or less, Si: 2.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, S: 0.003% or less, P: 0.05% or less, Cr: 15 0.0 to 35.0%, Ni: 0.05 to 0.30%, Al: 3.0 to 10.0%, N: 0.10% or less, Ti: 0.02% or less, Nb: 0.0. 02% or less, Ta: 0.02% or less, Zr: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ce: 0.02% or less, REM excluding Ce: 0.03 to 0.20%, among Mo and W When hot-rolling a steel containing at least one kind in a total of 0.5 to 8.0% and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, the hot rolling is finished at a temperature of 850 ° C. or higher, and then 10 ° C. Al-containing ferrule characterized in that it is wound into a hot-rolled coil after being rapidly cooled to 500 ° C. to 650 ° C. at a cooling rate of at least / sec. Method for producing a preparative stainless hot rolled steel strip.
[2]前記鋼がさらに、質量%で、Hf:0.01〜0.20%、質量ppmで、Ca:10〜300ppmおよびMg:15〜300ppmのうち少なくとも一種を含有することを特徴とする前記[1]に記載のAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯の製造方法。 [2] The steel is further characterized by containing, by mass%, Hf: 0.01 to 0.20%, mass ppm, Ca: 10 to 300 ppm, and Mg: 15 to 300 ppm. The method for producing an Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip according to [1].
[3]表面の欠陥発生率が3%以下で、かつ延性−脆性遷移温度が150℃以下であることを特徴とする、前記[1]または[2]に記載のAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯の製造方法。ただし、欠陥発生率とは(欠陥発生面積/検査実施面積×100)で得られる値であり、延性−脆性遷移温度は熱延鋼帯についてシャルピー衝撃試験を行って得られる値である。 [3] The Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled as described in [1] or [2] above, wherein a surface defect occurrence rate is 3% or less and a ductile-brittle transition temperature is 150 ° C. or less. Steel strip manufacturing method. However, the defect occurrence rate is a value obtained by (defect occurrence area / inspection execution area × 100), and the ductility-brittle transition temperature is a value obtained by conducting a Charpy impact test on a hot-rolled steel strip.
[4]質量%で、C:0.05%以下、Si:2.0%以下、Mn:1.0%以下、S:0.003%以下、P:0.05%以下、Cr:15.0〜35.0%、Ni:0.05〜0.30%、Al:3.0〜10.0%、N:0.10%以下、Ti:0.02%以下、Nb:0.02%以下、Ta:0.02%以下、Zr:0.005〜0.20%、Ce:0.02%以下、Ceを除くREM:0.03〜0.20%、MoおよびWのうち少なくとも一種を合計で0.5〜8.0%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物より成る鋼を熱間圧延する際、850℃以上の温度で熱間圧延を終了し、その後10℃/秒以上の冷却速度で500℃〜650℃まで急冷した後に巻取りを行って熱延コイルとして得られたことを特徴とするAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯。 [4] By mass%, C: 0.05% or less, Si: 2.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, S: 0.003% or less, P: 0.05% or less, Cr: 15 0.0 to 35.0%, Ni: 0.05 to 0.30%, Al: 3.0 to 10.0%, N: 0.10% or less, Ti: 0.02% or less, Nb: 0.0. 02% or less, Ta: 0.02% or less, Zr: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ce: 0.02% or less, REM excluding Ce: 0.03 to 0.20%, among Mo and W When hot-rolling a steel containing at least one kind in a total of 0.5 to 8.0% and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, the hot rolling is finished at a temperature of 850 ° C. or higher, and then 10 ° C. Al-containing, characterized in that it was obtained as a hot-rolled coil after being rapidly cooled to 500 ° C. to 650 ° C. at a cooling rate of at least / sec. Ferritic stainless hot rolled steel strip.
[5]前記鋼がさらに、質量%で、Hf:0.01〜0.20%、質量ppmで、Ca:10〜300ppmおよびMg:15〜300ppmのうち少なくとも一種とを含有することを特徴とする前記[4]に記載のAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯。 [5] The steel further includes, in mass%, Hf: 0.01 to 0.20%, mass ppm, Ca: 10 to 300 ppm, and Mg: 15 to 300 ppm. The Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip according to [4].
[6]表面の欠陥発生率が3%以下で、かつ延性−脆性遷移温度が150℃以下であることを特徴とする、前記[4]または[5]に記載の熱延鋼帯。ただし、欠陥発生率とは(欠陥発生面積/検査実施面積×100)で得られる値であり、延性−脆性遷移温度は熱延鋼帯についてシャルピー衝撃試験を行って得られる値である。 [6] The hot-rolled steel strip according to the above [4] or [5], wherein the surface defect occurrence rate is 3% or less and the ductile-brittle transition temperature is 150 ° C. or less. However, the defect occurrence rate is a value obtained by (defect occurrence area / inspection execution area × 100), and the ductility-brittle transition temperature is a value obtained by conducting a Charpy impact test on a hot-rolled steel strip.
[7]箔厚が100μm以下であることを特徴とする、前記[4]〜[6]のいずれかに記載のAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯を圧延して得られるステンレス箔。 [7] A stainless steel foil obtained by rolling the Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip according to any one of [4] to [6], wherein the foil thickness is 100 μm or less.
[8]前記[7]に記載のステンレス箔を用いた自動車排ガス浄化装置用触媒担体。 [8] A catalyst carrier for an automobile exhaust gas purification apparatus using the stainless steel foil according to [7].
本発明により、高温での強度および高温での耐酸化性に優れ、かつ耐塩害腐食性にも優れるステンレス鋼の良好な表面性状および靭性を有する熱延鋼帯を得ることができる。さらに、製造上のトラブルを著しく低減させ、生産性を大きく向上させることが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a hot-rolled steel strip having excellent surface properties and toughness of stainless steel which is excellent in strength at high temperature and oxidation resistance at high temperature, and also excellent in salt corrosion resistance. Furthermore, it is possible to remarkably reduce manufacturing troubles and greatly improve productivity.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。なお、化学成分について、%はすべて質量%、ppmはすべて質量ppmを意味する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Regarding chemical components,% means mass%, and ppm means mass ppm.
(1)化学成分
C:0.05%以下
C含有量が0.05%を超えると、高温での強度が低下し、高温での耐酸化性も低下する。また、靭性の低下による製造性の低下も招く。よって、C含有量は0.05%以下、好ましくは0.02%以下とするが、極力低減することがより好ましい。
(1) Chemical component C: 0.05% or less When the C content exceeds 0.05%, the strength at high temperature decreases and the oxidation resistance at high temperature also decreases. Moreover, the fall of manufacturability by the fall of toughness is also caused. Therefore, the C content is 0.05% or less, preferably 0.02% or less, but more preferably reduced as much as possible.
Si:2.0%以下
Si含有量が2.0%を超えると、靭性が低下するとともに、加工性の低下により製造を困難にする。よって、Si含有量は2.0%以下、好ましくは1.0%以下とする。
Si: 2.0% or less When the Si content exceeds 2.0%, the toughness is lowered, and the production becomes difficult due to the lowered workability. Therefore, the Si content is 2.0% or less, preferably 1.0% or less.
Mn:1.0%以下
Mn含有量が1.0%を超えると、高温での耐酸化性が低下する。また、耐塩害腐食性の低下も招く。よって、Mn含有量は1.0%以下、好ましくは0.5%以下とする。
Mn: 1.0% or less When the Mn content exceeds 1.0%, the oxidation resistance at high temperatures decreases. In addition, the salt corrosion resistance is reduced. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.0% or less, preferably 0.5% or less.
S:0.003%以下
S含有量が0.003%を超えると、触媒担体におけるAl2O3皮膜の密着性や高温での耐酸化性が低下する。よって、S含有量は0.003%以下、好ましくは0.001%以下とするが、極力低減することがより好ましい。
S: 0.003% or less When the S content exceeds 0.003%, the adhesion of the Al 2 O 3 film on the catalyst carrier and the oxidation resistance at high temperatures are lowered. Therefore, the S content is 0.003% or less, preferably 0.001% or less, but more preferably reduced.
P:0.05%以下
P含有量が0.05%を超えると、触媒担体におけるAl2O3皮膜の密着性や高温での耐酸化性が低下する。よって、P含有量は0.05%以下、好ましくは0.03%以下とするが、極力低減することがより好ましい。
P: 0.05% or less When the P content exceeds 0.05%, the adhesion of the Al 2 O 3 film on the catalyst carrier and the oxidation resistance at high temperatures are lowered. Therefore, the P content is 0.05% or less, preferably 0.03% or less, but more preferably reduced.
Cr:15.0〜35.0%
Crは高温での強度および耐酸化性を確保する上で必要不可欠な元素であるので15.0%以上添加する。しかし、Cr含有量が35.0%を超えると、475℃脆性が促進されるため靭性が著しく低下し、本発明の技術を用いた脆化の抑制が困難となる。よって、Cr含有量は15.0〜35.0%、好ましくは18.0〜32.0%とする。ただし、特に高温強度および耐酸化性が必要とされる場合は、25.0〜32.0%添加されることがより好ましい。
Cr: 15.0-35.0%
Cr is an indispensable element for securing strength and oxidation resistance at high temperatures, so 15.0% or more is added. However, if the Cr content exceeds 35.0%, brittleness at 475 ° C. is promoted, so that the toughness is remarkably lowered, and it becomes difficult to suppress embrittlement using the technique of the present invention. Therefore, the Cr content is 15.0 to 35.0%, preferably 18.0 to 32.0%. However, particularly when high temperature strength and oxidation resistance are required, it is more preferable to add 25.0 to 32.0%.
Ni:0.05〜0.30%
Niは触媒担体成形時のロウ付け性を向上する効果があるため、その含有量は0.05%以上とする。しかし、オーステナイト安定化元素であるNiの含有量が0.30%を超える場合は、高温での酸化進行時に箔中の固溶Alが減少し、Crが酸化され始めた際、オーステナイトが生成して箔の熱膨張係数を変化させ、箔の括れや破断(セル切れ)などの不具合が発生する。よって、Ni含有量は0.05〜0.30%、好ましくは0.08〜0.20%とする。
Ni: 0.05-0.30%
Since Ni has an effect of improving the brazing property at the time of molding the catalyst carrier, its content is set to 0.05% or more. However, when the content of Ni, which is an austenite stabilizing element, exceeds 0.30%, solid solution Al in the foil decreases during oxidation at high temperature, and austenite is generated when Cr begins to be oxidized. As a result, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the foil is changed, and defects such as foil constriction and breakage (cell breakage) occur. Therefore, the Ni content is 0.05 to 0.30%, preferably 0.08 to 0.20%.
Al:3.0〜10.0%
Alは本発明において非常に重要な役割を果たす元素である。Alは表面に保護性の高いAl2O3皮膜を形成し、高温での耐酸化性を向上させる。Al含有量が3.0%未満では、十分な耐酸化性が得られない。一方、Al含有量が10.0%を超えると、加工性が著しく低下し、圧延が困難となる。
Al: 3.0 to 10.0%
Al is an element that plays a very important role in the present invention. Al forms a highly protective Al 2 O 3 film on the surface and improves oxidation resistance at high temperatures. If the Al content is less than 3.0%, sufficient oxidation resistance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Al content exceeds 10.0%, the workability is remarkably lowered and rolling becomes difficult.
さらに本発明者らは、Alを3.0%以上添加することで、熱間圧延後の冷却中に生じる、σ相などの金属間化合物の析出および475℃脆性を抑制する効果があることを知見した。表1に示す鋼No.1〜6の鋼(C:0.004〜0.009%、Si:0.15〜0.18%、Mn:0.13〜0.16%、S:0.0007〜0.0009%、P:0.023〜0.025%、Cr:24.8〜25.9%、Ni:0.10〜0.16%、Al:0.01〜10.8%、N:0.005〜0.008%、Ti:0.004〜0.006%、Nb:0.005〜0.012%、Ta:0.002〜0.009%、Zr:0.031〜0.039%、Ce:0.005〜0.010%、La:0.062〜0.092%、Mo:2.83〜3.12%、Ca:15〜30ppm、Mg:13〜30ppmを含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる合金)を各種温度で100時間時効した後に水中急冷した試料の、硬度変化量におよぼすAl含有量の影響を図1に示す。ここで硬度変化量とは、時効前と時効後のビッカース硬度の差であり、一般的に硬度が上昇すると靭性は低下する傾向にある。Al含有量が3.0%に満たない場合、800℃時効では金属間化合物の析出によるσ脆性、500℃時効では475℃脆性がそれぞれ生じ大幅な硬度の上昇が認められたが、Al含有量の増加に伴って、800℃および500℃における硬度上昇が抑制された。この効果は3.0%以上含有することで顕著となる。よって、Al含有量は3.0〜10.0%とする。好ましくは4.5〜6.5%とする。なお、600℃および1000℃時効では硬度変化はほとんど認められなかったが、これらの温度では金属間化合物の析出および475℃脆性は生じないためであると考えられる。 Furthermore, the present inventors added that Al of 3.0% or more has an effect of suppressing precipitation of intermetallic compounds such as σ phase and brittleness at 475 ° C., which occurs during cooling after hot rolling. I found out. Steel No. shown in Table 1 1 to 6 steel (C: 0.004 to 0.009%, Si: 0.15 to 0.18%, Mn: 0.13 to 0.16%, S: 0.0007 to 0.0009%, P: 0.023 to 0.025%, Cr: 24.8 to 25.9%, Ni: 0.10 to 0.16%, Al: 0.01 to 10.8%, N: 0.005 0.008%, Ti: 0.004-0.006%, Nb: 0.005-0.012%, Ta: 0.002-0.009%, Zr: 0.031-0.039%, Ce : 0.005 to 0.010%, La: 0.062 to 0.092%, Mo: 2.83 to 3.12%, Ca: 15 to 30 ppm, Mg: 13 to 30 ppm, the balance being Fe And an alloy composed of inevitable impurities), and the amount of change in hardness of samples quenched in water after aging at various temperatures for 100 hours. The effect of the to Al content shown in FIG. Here, the amount of change in hardness is the difference between Vickers hardness before aging and after aging, and generally the toughness tends to decrease as the hardness increases. When the Al content was less than 3.0%, σ brittleness due to precipitation of intermetallic compounds occurred at 800 ° C aging, and 475 ° C brittleness occurred at 500 ° C aging. With the increase in the hardness, an increase in hardness at 800 ° C. and 500 ° C. was suppressed. This effect becomes remarkable by containing 3.0% or more. Therefore, the Al content is set to 3.0 to 10.0%. Preferably it is 4.5 to 6.5%. In addition, although hardly any change in hardness was observed at aging at 600 ° C. and 1000 ° C., it is considered that precipitation of intermetallic compounds and brittleness at 475 ° C. do not occur at these temperatures.
N:0.10%以下
N含有量が0.10%を超えると、靱性が低下するとともに、加工性の低下により製造を困難にする。よって、N含有量は0.10%以下、好ましくは0.05%以下とする。
N: 0.10% or less When the N content exceeds 0.10%, the toughness is lowered, and the production becomes difficult due to the lowered workability. Therefore, the N content is 0.10% or less, preferably 0.05% or less.
Ti:0.02%以下
Tiは酸化されやすい元素である。その含有量が0.02%を超えると、Ti酸化物がAl2O3皮膜中に多量に混入し、ロウ付け性が著しく低下するとともに、高温での耐酸化性も低下する。よって、Ti含有量は0.02%以下、好ましくは0.01%以下とするが、極力低減することがより好ましい。
Ti: 0.02% or less Ti is an element that is easily oxidized. When the content exceeds 0.02%, a large amount of Ti oxide is mixed in the Al 2 O 3 film, the brazing property is remarkably lowered, and the oxidation resistance at high temperature is also lowered. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.02% or less, preferably 0.01% or less, but more preferably reduced as much as possible.
Nb:0.02%以下
Nb含有量が0.02%を超えると、(Fe,Al)NbO4の保護性のない酸化皮膜が生成し、高温での耐酸化性が著しく低下する。また、(Fe,Al)NbO4は熱膨張率が大きいため、箔の変形を助長し、触媒の剥離を引き起こす。よって、Nb含有量は0.02%、好ましくは0.01%以下とするが、極力低減することがより好ましい。
Nb: 0.02% or less If the Nb content exceeds 0.02%, a non-protective oxide film of (Fe, Al) NbO 4 is formed, and the oxidation resistance at high temperatures is significantly reduced. In addition, (Fe, Al) NbO 4 has a large coefficient of thermal expansion, which facilitates deformation of the foil and causes catalyst peeling. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.02%, preferably 0.01% or less, but more preferably reduced as much as possible.
Ta:0.02%以下
Nbと同様、Ta含有量が0.02%を超えると、(Fe,Al)TaO4の保護性がなく、熱膨張率が大きい酸化皮膜が生成し、高温での耐酸化性が著しく低下するとともに、箔の変形を助長し、触媒の剥離を引き起こす。よって、Ta含有量は0.02%、好ましくは0.01%以下とするが、極力低減することがより好ましい。
Ta: 0.02% or less Similar to Nb, when the Ta content exceeds 0.02%, (Fe, Al) TaO 4 has no protective property, and an oxide film having a large coefficient of thermal expansion is generated. While the oxidation resistance is remarkably lowered, the deformation of the foil is promoted and the catalyst is peeled off. Therefore, the Ta content is 0.02%, preferably 0.01% or less, but more preferably reduced.
なお、NbとTaの総含有量は0.03%以下とすることがより好ましく、0.02%以下とすることがさらに好ましい。 The total content of Nb and Ta is more preferably 0.03% or less, and further preferably 0.02% or less.
Zr:0.005〜0.20%
Zrは鋼中のC、Nと結合し、クリープ特性を改善する。また、靭性が向上するとともに、加工性が向上して箔の製造を容易にする。さらに、Al2O3皮膜中においてAl2O3粒界に濃化して高温での耐酸化性や、高温での強度、特に耐変形性を向上させる。このような効果を得るには、Zr含有量は0.005%以上とする必要がある。一方、Zr含有量が0.20%を超えると、Feなどと金属間化合物をつくり、耐酸化性を低下させる。よって、Zr含有量は0.005〜0.20%、好ましくは0.01〜0.05%とする。
Zr: 0.005 to 0.20%
Zr combines with C and N in the steel to improve the creep characteristics. In addition, the toughness is improved and the workability is improved to facilitate the production of the foil. Furthermore, it concentrates in the Al 2 O 3 grain boundary in the Al 2 O 3 film to improve the oxidation resistance at high temperature, the strength at high temperature, particularly the deformation resistance. In order to obtain such an effect, the Zr content needs to be 0.005% or more. On the other hand, if the Zr content exceeds 0.20%, an intermetallic compound such as Fe is produced, and the oxidation resistance is lowered. Therefore, the Zr content is 0.005 to 0.20%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%.
Ce:0.02%以下
Ce含有量が0.02%を超えると、Al2O3皮膜と母材鋼表面との界面にCeO型の酸化物が生成し、高温での強度、特に耐変形性を著しく劣化させ、形状不良を引き起こす。よって、Ce含有量は0.02%以下とするが、極力低減することがより好ましい。
Ce: 0.02% or less When the Ce content exceeds 0.02%, a CeO-type oxide is formed at the interface between the Al 2 O 3 coating and the base steel surface, and the strength at high temperatures, particularly deformation resistance, is increased. Remarkably deteriorates and causes shape defects. Therefore, the Ce content is 0.02% or less, but it is more preferable to reduce it as much as possible.
Ceを除くREM:0.03〜0.20%
Ceを除くREMとは、La、Nd、Smなど原子番号57〜71までのCeを除く14種の元素とする。一般に、REMはAl2O3皮膜の密着性を改善し、Al2O3皮膜の耐剥離性向上に極めて顕著な効果を有する。このような効果を得るには、Ceを除くREM含有量は0.03%以上とする必要がある。一方、Ceを除くREM含有量が0.20%を超えると、これらの元素が結晶粒界に濃化して析出し、高温加熱時に溶融して熱延板の表面欠陥の要因となる。よって、Ceを除くREM含有量は0.03〜0.20%、好ましくは0.05〜0.10%とする。
REM excluding Ce: 0.03-0.20%
REM excluding Ce refers to 14 elements such as La, Nd, and Sm excluding Ce having atomic numbers 57 to 71. Generally, REM improves the adhesion of the Al 2 O 3 film has a very significant effect on peeling resistance improving Al 2 O 3 film. In order to obtain such an effect, the REM content excluding Ce needs to be 0.03% or more. On the other hand, when the REM content excluding Ce exceeds 0.20%, these elements concentrate and precipitate at the crystal grain boundaries, melt during high-temperature heating, and cause surface defects of the hot-rolled sheet. Therefore, the REM content excluding Ce is 0.03 to 0.20%, preferably 0.05 to 0.10%.
MoおよびWのうち少なくとも一種:合計で0.5〜8.0%
MoおよびWは高温での強度、特にヤング率と破断応力を増大し、触媒担体の寿命が良好となる。これらの元素は、同時に、Al2O3皮膜を安定化させ、耐塩害腐食性を向上させる。このような効果を得るには、MoおよびWのうち少なくとも一種の含有量は合計で0.5%以上とする必要がある。一方、MoおよびWのうち少なくとも一種の含有量が合計で8.0%を超えると、加工性の低下により製造を困難にする。よって、MoおよびWのうち少なくとも一種の含有量は合計で0.5〜8.0%、好ましくは2.5〜6.5%とする。
At least one of Mo and W: 0.5 to 8.0% in total
Mo and W increase the strength at high temperature, particularly Young's modulus and breaking stress, and the life of the catalyst carrier is improved. These elements simultaneously stabilize the Al 2 O 3 film and improve the salt corrosion resistance. In order to obtain such an effect, the content of at least one of Mo and W needs to be 0.5% or more in total. On the other hand, if the content of at least one of Mo and W exceeds 8.0% in total, manufacturing becomes difficult due to a decrease in workability. Therefore, the total content of at least one of Mo and W is 0.5 to 8.0%, preferably 2.5 to 6.5%.
上記した成分元素以外の残部は、Feおよび不可避的不純物であるが、箔の耐酸化性を向上させる理由で、さらに、Hf:0.01〜0.20%、Ca:10〜300ppmおよびMg:15〜300ppmのうち少なくとも一種を、個別にあるいは同時に含有させることができる。 The balance other than the above-described component elements is Fe and inevitable impurities, but for the reason of improving the oxidation resistance of the foil, Hf: 0.01 to 0.20%, Ca: 10 to 300 ppm, and Mg: At least one of 15 to 300 ppm can be contained individually or simultaneously.
(2)製造方法
次に、本発明によって表面性状に優れた熱延鋼帯を得ることが可能となるメカニズムについて説明する。本発明者らは、課題について鋭意検討したところ、以下に示す知見を得るに至った。
(2) Manufacturing method Next, the mechanism that makes it possible to obtain a hot-rolled steel strip excellent in surface properties according to the present invention will be described. The present inventors diligently studied on the problem and came to obtain the following knowledge.
(a)高Crフェライト系ステンレス鋼の靭性低下原因となる475℃脆性はAl含有量の増加に伴い抑制される。特に、3.0%以上のAlを含有すると、475℃付近で長時間均熱を施しても脆化はほとんど生じない。(図1参照)
(b)巻取り温度を500℃〜650℃とすることで、急冷による形状変化が軽微となり、熱延鋼帯の表面性状は著しく改善される。好ましくは、500〜600℃、さらに好ましくは520〜580℃である。従来の高Cr含有フェライト系ステンレス鋼製造技術では475℃脆性による脆化を避けるため、例えば450℃以下という低温まで冷却した後に巻取りを行っていたが、本発明鋼では(a)で述べた通りAl含有の効果で脆化が抑制されるため、過度の急激な冷却は不要となり比較的高温での巻取りが可能となる。
(A) Brittleness at 475 ° C., which causes a decrease in toughness of high Cr ferritic stainless steel, is suppressed as the Al content increases. In particular, when 3.0% or more of Al is contained, even if soaking is performed for a long time at around 475 ° C., the embrittlement hardly occurs. (See Figure 1)
(B) By setting the coiling temperature to 500 ° C. to 650 ° C., the shape change due to rapid cooling becomes small, and the surface properties of the hot-rolled steel strip are remarkably improved. Preferably, it is 500-600 degreeC, More preferably, it is 520-580 degreeC. In the conventional high Cr content ferritic stainless steel manufacturing technology, in order to avoid embrittlement due to brittleness at 475 ° C., winding was performed after cooling to a low temperature of, for example, 450 ° C. or lower. Since embrittlement is suppressed by the effect of Al as described above, excessive rapid cooling is unnecessary, and winding at a relatively high temperature is possible.
(c)当該Al含有ステンレス鋼を、熱延終了後850℃以上の高温で巻取りを行うと炭窒化物が析出し熱延板靭性が低下するが、10℃/秒以上、好ましくは20℃/秒以上、より好ましくは30℃/秒以上の冷却速度で巻取り温度まで急冷することで炭窒化物の析出をほぼ抑制することが可能となる。なお、高Crステンレス鋼を850℃付近で保持した際に生じるσ脆性も、475℃脆性と同様にAlの効果で抑制されるが、炭窒化物の析出が生じるため850℃以上での巻取りでは靭性が低下する。 (C) When the Al-containing stainless steel is wound at a high temperature of 850 ° C. or higher after the end of hot rolling, carbonitride precipitates and the hot-rolled sheet toughness decreases, but it is 10 ° C./second or higher, preferably 20 ° C. It is possible to substantially suppress the precipitation of carbonitride by rapidly cooling to the coiling temperature at a cooling rate of 30 ° C./second or more, more preferably 30 ° C./second or more. In addition, σ brittleness that occurs when high Cr stainless steel is held at around 850 ° C is suppressed by the effect of Al as well as 475 ° C brittleness. However, since precipitation of carbonitride occurs, winding at 850 ° C or higher Then, the toughness decreases.
本発明はかかる知見に基づいてなされている。従来、熱延板靭性を確保するために低温で行わざるを得なかった巻取り温度を、Al含有の効果によって上昇させることが可能となり、靭性と表面性状いずれにも優れた熱延鋼帯を得ることができるものである。 The present invention has been made based on such findings. Conventionally, it has become possible to increase the coiling temperature, which had to be performed at a low temperature in order to ensure hot-rolled sheet toughness, by the effect of containing Al, and a hot-rolled steel strip excellent in both toughness and surface properties. It can be obtained.
当該Al含有フェライト系ステンレス鋼の製造には、通常のステンレス鋼製造設備を用いることができる。前述の成分組成を含有する鋼を、転炉や電気炉などで溶製し、VODやAODで二次精錬した後、造塊−分塊圧延法や連続鋳造法で鋼スラブとする。鋳造後のスラブは、室温まで冷却すると割れが生じる可能性があるため、出来る限り高温のまま迅速に次工程の熱延加熱炉に装入することが望ましい。工場の操業スケジュール上、再加熱が困難な場合は、保熱炉などを用いてもよいし、複数の高温スラブを積み重ねることで保温してもよい。いずれの場合においても、スラブ温度が170℃より低下しないことが望ましい。こうして保温されたスラブを加熱炉に装入し、1150℃〜1250℃に加熱した後に一般的な熱間圧延工程に供する。熱間圧延終了後は例えばスプレー式の水冷装置などで急冷し、500〜650℃の温度で巻き取って熱延コイルとすることで、表面性状および靭性に優れた熱延鋼帯を得ることができる。こうして得られた熱延鋼帯について、ショットブラスト、酸洗、機械研磨などで表面スケールを除去し、冷間圧延と焼鈍を複数回繰り返し行うことで箔厚100μm以下のステンレス箔を得る。箔の厚みは、排ガス浄化装置用触媒担体とした際に、特に耐振動特性や耐久性が必要である場合は50〜100μm程度とし、特に高いセル密度や低背圧が必要とされる場合は25μm〜50μm程度とすることが好ましい。 For the production of the Al-containing ferritic stainless steel, ordinary stainless steel production equipment can be used. Steel containing the above-described component composition is melted in a converter or electric furnace and secondarily refined by VOD or AOD, and then made into a steel slab by ingot-bundling rolling or continuous casting. Since the slab after casting may be cracked when cooled to room temperature, it is desirable to quickly charge the slab into the hot rolling furnace in the next step while keeping the temperature as high as possible. If reheating is difficult due to the factory operation schedule, a heat-retaining furnace or the like may be used, or heat retention may be performed by stacking a plurality of high-temperature slabs. In any case, it is desirable that the slab temperature does not fall below 170 ° C. The heat-retained slab is charged into a heating furnace, heated to 1150 ° C. to 1250 ° C., and then subjected to a general hot rolling process. After completion of hot rolling, it is possible to obtain a hot-rolled steel strip excellent in surface properties and toughness by quenching with, for example, a spray-type water-cooling device and winding up at a temperature of 500 to 650 ° C. to form a hot-rolled coil. it can. About the hot-rolled steel strip obtained in this manner, the surface scale is removed by shot blasting, pickling, mechanical polishing, etc., and cold rolling and annealing are repeated a plurality of times to obtain a stainless steel foil having a foil thickness of 100 μm or less. When the thickness of the foil is used as a catalyst carrier for an exhaust gas purifying apparatus, particularly when vibration resistance and durability are required, the thickness is set to about 50 to 100 μm, and particularly when high cell density and low back pressure are required. It is preferable that the thickness is about 25 μm to 50 μm.
以下実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明する。真空溶解法により表2に示す鋼No.7〜16の化学組成の鋼を溶製し、表3に示す条件にて熱間圧延、冷却および巻取りを行って、厚さ3.5mmの熱延鋼帯とした。こうして得られた熱延鋼帯について、以下の試験を行った。 The present invention will be specifically described below based on examples. Steel Nos. Shown in Table 2 by the vacuum melting method. Steels having a chemical composition of 7 to 16 were melted and hot rolled, cooled and wound under the conditions shown in Table 3 to form hot rolled steel strips having a thickness of 3.5 mm. The following tests were conducted on the hot-rolled steel strip thus obtained.
靭性:熱延鋼帯の靭性はシャルピー衝撃試験により評価した。試験片の長手方向が圧延方向と平行になるように採取し、圧延方向と垂直にVノッチを入れた。試験片はJIS規格(JIS Z 2202(1998))のVノッチ試験片に基づき作製したが、板厚(JIS規格では幅)のみ素材のまま加工を加えず3.5mmとした。試験は、JIS規格(JIS Z 2242(1998))に基づき、各温度につき3本ずつ行い、吸収エネルギーおよび脆性破面率を測定し遷移曲線を求めた。延性−脆性遷移温度(DBTT)は脆性破面率の遷移曲線が50%となる温度とした。DBTTが120℃未満を◎、120℃〜150℃を○、150℃を超えたものを×と評価した。シャルピー衝撃試験で求めたDBTTが150℃以下であれば、常温で安定的に冷間圧延が可能であることは事前に確認したが、冬場の通板など板温が低下しやすい環境では、DBTTが120℃未満であることがより安定的な通板には好ましい。 Toughness: The toughness of the hot-rolled steel strip was evaluated by a Charpy impact test. Samples were taken so that the longitudinal direction of the specimen was parallel to the rolling direction, and a V-notch was made perpendicular to the rolling direction. The test piece was prepared based on a JIS standard (JIS Z 2202 (1998)) V-notch test piece, but only the plate thickness (width in the JIS standard) was made as a raw material to 3.5 mm. The test was performed three times at each temperature based on the JIS standard (JIS Z 2242 (1998)), the absorption energy and the brittle fracture surface ratio were measured, and the transition curve was obtained. The ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) was set to a temperature at which the transition curve of the brittle fracture surface ratio was 50%. DBTT evaluated less than 120 degreeC (double-circle), 120 to 150 degreeC (circle), and what exceeded 150 degreeC was evaluated as x. If the DBTT obtained by the Charpy impact test is 150 ° C. or lower, it has been confirmed in advance that cold rolling can be stably carried out at room temperature. Is preferably less than 120 ° C. for more stable threading.
表面性状:表面性状は、各条件で作製した熱延鋼帯およびこの熱延鋼帯を圧延して得られた箔から検査用のサンプルを採取して、欠陥面積率(欠陥が発生した面積/検査した面積×100)を求めた。熱延鋼帯の欠陥面積率が1%未満であり、全長にわたって表面欠陥がほとんど認められないものを◎、熱延鋼帯の欠陥面積率が1〜3%で、多少の欠陥は認められたものの、以後のショットブラスト、酸洗、機械研磨等の通常の表面手入れ工程で容易に取り除くことができるものを○、熱延鋼帯の欠陥面積率が3%を超え、明らかなひび割れやヘゲなどが複数確認され、グラインダーによる部分研削や欠陥部分の切除が必要なものを×と評価した。この時点で重大な欠陥が発見されなくとも、冷間圧延中もしくは冷間圧延後に厚さ100μm以下のステンレス箔とした際、3%を超える面積で傷やヘゲなどの欠陥が見られたものは同じく×と評価した。なお、Al含有量が本発明範囲外である鋼No.16については、熱間圧延中に激しい割れが生じたため、上記の評価は行わなかった。 Surface property: The surface property was determined by taking a sample for inspection from a hot-rolled steel strip produced under each condition and a foil obtained by rolling the hot-rolled steel strip, and determining the defect area ratio (area where defects occurred / Inspected area × 100) was determined. The defect area ratio of the hot-rolled steel strip is less than 1%, and the surface area defect is hardly observed over the entire length ◎, the defect area ratio of the hot-rolled steel strip is 1 to 3%, some defects were recognized However, those that can be easily removed by the usual surface care processes such as shot blasting, pickling, mechanical polishing, etc. after that, the defect area ratio of the hot-rolled steel strip exceeds 3%, and obvious cracks and A plurality of such items were confirmed, and those that required partial grinding with a grinder or excision of defective portions were evaluated as x. Even if no serious defects were found at this point, when a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 100 μm or less was formed during cold rolling or after cold rolling, defects such as scratches and scabs were observed in an area exceeding 3%. Was also rated as x. In addition, steel No. whose Al content is outside the scope of the present invention. For No. 16, the above evaluation was not performed because severe cracking occurred during hot rolling.
表3に示した通り、成分、巻取り温度および冷却速度が本発明の範囲内にある熱延鋼帯は、表面性状および靭性のいずれにも優れている。さらに、これらの鋼帯は、表面性状および靭性に優れているため、以後の箔圧延工程に供しても全く問題は無く、効率的に生産することが可能であった。一方、これら製造条件が本発明の範囲からはずれるものは、表面性状または靭性のうち少なくとも一方が悪化しており、圧延作業を中断しての部分手入れなどが必要となるため、安定的な生産には不向きである。 As shown in Table 3, the hot-rolled steel strip having the components, the coiling temperature and the cooling rate within the scope of the present invention is excellent in both surface properties and toughness. Furthermore, since these steel strips are excellent in surface properties and toughness, there was no problem even if they were used in the subsequent foil rolling process, and they could be produced efficiently. On the other hand, those whose manufacturing conditions deviate from the scope of the present invention have deteriorated at least one of the surface texture and toughness, and it is necessary to perform partial maintenance etc. by interrupting the rolling operation. Is unsuitable.
本発明によれば、両立の困難であった表面性状および靭性が共に優れた高Al含有フェライト系ステンレス鋼を安定的に製造可能となり、産業上非常に有効である。 According to the present invention, it is possible to stably produce a high Al-containing ferritic stainless steel excellent in both surface properties and toughness, which has been difficult to achieve at the same time, which is very effective industrially.
Claims (6)
表面の欠陥発生率が3%以下で、かつ延性−脆性遷移温度が150℃以下であることを特徴とするAl含有フェライト系ステンレス熱延鋼帯。ただし、欠陥発生率とは(欠陥発生面積/検査実施面積×100)で得られる値であり、延性−脆性遷移温度は熱延鋼帯についてシャルピー衝撃試験を行って得られる値である。 In mass%, C: 0.05% or less, Si: 2.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, S: 0.003% or less, P: 0.05% or less, Cr: 15.0 to 35.0%, Ni: 0.05 to 0.30%, Al: 3.0 to 10.0%, N: 0.10% or less, Ti: 0.02% or less, Nb: 0.02% or less , Ta: 0.02% or less, Zr: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ce: 0.02% or less, REM excluding Ce: 0.03 to 0.20%, at least one of Mo and W contains 0.5 to 8.0% in total, Ri formed from the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities,
An Al-containing ferritic stainless steel hot-rolled steel strip having a surface defect occurrence rate of 3% or less and a ductile-brittle transition temperature of 150 ° C. or less . However, the defect occurrence rate is a value obtained by (defect occurrence area / inspection execution area × 100), and the ductility-brittle transition temperature is a value obtained by conducting a Charpy impact test on a hot-rolled steel strip.
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