JP5916274B2 - Carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、炭素質音響振動板に関する。 The present invention relates to a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm.
各種音響機器や映像機器、携帯電話等のモバイル機器等に使用されているスピーカの振動板には、広範囲な周波数帯域、特に高音域において明瞭な音を忠実に再生できる性質が要求される。そのため振動板の材質には、振動板に充分な剛性を付与すべく弾性率が高いことと、振動板を軽量化すべく密度が低いこと、という一見相反する性質が求められる。特に、近年注目されているデジタルスピーカ用の振動板には、振動応答性への要請から、これらの性質が強く求められている。 Speaker diaphragms used in various audio devices, video devices, mobile devices such as mobile phones, and the like are required to be able to faithfully reproduce clear sound in a wide frequency band, particularly in a high sound range. For this reason, the material of the diaphragm is required to have seemingly contradictory properties such that the elastic modulus is high to give the diaphragm sufficient rigidity and the density is low to reduce the weight of the diaphragm. In particular, diaphragms for digital speakers, which have been attracting attention in recent years, are strongly demanded for these properties due to the demand for vibration response.
下記特許文献1および2には、アモルファス炭素中にカーボンナノ繊維(気相生長炭素繊維)と黒鉛を均一に分散させた材料からなる振動板が記載されている。しかしながらこの材料は、密度が1.0g/cm3以上と高いために、所望の音響特性を得るためには、高価なカーボンナノ繊維や黒鉛を多く配合して弾性率を高くする必要があり、肉厚もより薄くする必要がある。そのため、ハンドリング等により破損する問題があり、生産性にも課題を残している。
特許文献3には、焼成(炭素化)してガラス状炭素(アモルファス炭素)とする前の樹脂の粉末を加熱して点融着させて多孔体とし、その後、炭素化して低密度のアモルファス炭素多孔体とすることが記載されている。しかしながらこの手法では40%以上の高い気孔率の多孔体を得ることは困難であり、振動板全体の密度が1.0g/cm3以下のものは得られていない。 In Patent Document 3, the resin powder before being fired (carbonized) to become glassy carbon (amorphous carbon) is heated and point-fused to form a porous body, and then carbonized to form low-density amorphous carbon. It is described that a porous body is used. However, with this method, it is difficult to obtain a porous body having a high porosity of 40% or more, and it is not possible to obtain a porous body having a density of 1.0 g / cm 3 or less.
特許文献4には、炭素繊維の不織布または織布に樹脂を含浸して炭素化したものに気相の熱分解炭素を堆積させた音響用炭素振動板が記載されている。この手法においても40%以上の高い気孔率の多孔体を得ることは困難である。 Patent Document 4 describes an acoustic carbon diaphragm in which vapor-phase pyrolytic carbon is deposited on a carbonized nonwoven fabric or woven fabric impregnated with a resin. Even in this method, it is difficult to obtain a porous body having a high porosity of 40% or more.
特許文献5には、発泡状態のグラファイトフィルムの表面をエッチングしてプラスチックを含浸させた音響振動板が記載されている。この発泡グラファイトとは、高分子を高温で炭素化する際に内部で生じるガスがグラファイト特有の層状構造を乱すことによりできた状態を指し、気孔の設計及び制御が困難である。そのために、発泡状態のグラファイトに樹脂を含浸して、部分的に薄くなっているグラファイトの欠陥部を補強することにより、再生周波数の平坦化をするものであり、樹脂によりグラファイトの欠陥を補強することが主旨である。また、エッチングを施して樹脂の含浸を実施しているので、工程も長く、管理も煩雑になりやすい。 Patent Document 5 describes an acoustic diaphragm in which the surface of a foamed graphite film is etched and impregnated with plastic. This expanded graphite refers to a state where gas generated inside when carbonizing a polymer at a high temperature disturbs a layered structure peculiar to graphite, and it is difficult to design and control pores. For this purpose, the resin is impregnated with foamed graphite to reinforce the defective portions of the graphite that are partially thinned, thereby flattening the reproduction frequency. The resin is used to reinforce the defects in the graphite. That is the main point. Further, since the resin is impregnated by etching, the process is long and the management tends to be complicated.
したがって本発明の目的は、低密度で軽量でありながら充分な剛性を有し、良好な音響特性を呈し、工業的に安価に製造することのできる炭素質音響振動板を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm that is low in density and lightweight, has sufficient rigidity, exhibits good acoustic characteristics, and can be manufactured industrially at low cost.
本発明によれば、アモルファス炭素を含み、少なくとも一方の表面に凹凸が設けられている炭素質音響振動板が提供される。
この凹凸は周期的であることが望ましく、互いに交差する2方向において周期的であることがさらに望ましい。
According to the present invention, there is provided a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm including amorphous carbon and having at least one surface provided with irregularities.
The unevenness is desirably periodic, and more desirably periodic in two directions intersecting each other.
前述の炭素質音響振動板は、アモルファス炭素と該アモルファス炭素中に均一に分散した炭素粉末とを含み、気孔率が40%以上の多孔体からなる低密度層と、アモルファス炭素を含み、前記低密度層をそれらの間に挟む2つの高密度層とを具備し、前記凹凸は、前記高密度層の少なくとも一方の外側表面に設けられることが好適である。 The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm includes amorphous carbon and a carbon powder uniformly dispersed in the amorphous carbon, and includes a low-density layer made of a porous body having a porosity of 40% or more, amorphous carbon, It is preferable that two high density layers sandwiching the density layer therebetween, and the unevenness is provided on at least one outer surface of the high density layer.
ここで気孔率とは気孔を含む多孔体全体の体積に対する気孔の体積の百分率であり、骨格となるアモルファス炭素の密度を1.5g/cm3として、多孔体全体の体積および質量から計算される気孔率と定義する。 Here, the porosity is a percentage of the volume of the pores with respect to the entire volume of the porous body including the pores, and is calculated from the volume and mass of the entire porous body, assuming that the density of the amorphous carbon serving as the skeleton is 1.5 g / cm 3. It is defined as porosity.
上記のような表面の凹凸は、例えば、焼成して炭素化する前の、シート状に成形した樹脂の片面または両面に、例えば、ガラスファイバをシート状に編んだガラスクロスにPTFE(4フッ化エチレン樹脂)を含浸させて焼成したもの(以下PTFE含浸クロスと称する)を押し付けることによって形成することができる。同様な表面形状の型を用いても良い。 The surface irregularities as described above are formed on, for example, PTFE (tetrafluoride tetrafluoride) on one or both sides of a resin molded into a sheet before baking and carbonizing, for example, on a glass cloth knitted into a sheet. It can be formed by pressing what is impregnated with an ethylene resin and fired (hereinafter referred to as PTFE-impregnated cloth). A mold having a similar surface shape may be used.
表面に凹凸を設けることにより、剛性を損なわずに軽量化することができて、良好な音響特性が得られる。 By providing unevenness on the surface, the weight can be reduced without impairing the rigidity, and good acoustic characteristics can be obtained.
(実施例1)
アモルファス炭素源としての塩化ビニル樹脂35質量%と平均粒径0.1μmで長さ5μmのカーボンナノ繊維1.4質量%、気孔形成のための穴開け材としてのPMMAを複合した組成物に対して可塑剤としてジアリルフタレートモノマーを添加して、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて分散させた後、加圧ニーダーを用いて十分に混練を繰り返して組成物を得、ペレタイザーによってペレット化し成形用組成物を得た。
この成型用組成物のペレットを押出成形で厚さ400μmのシート状の成型物とし、さらに両面にフラン樹脂をコーティングした後、PTFE含浸クロス970−4UL(日東電工(株)製)を両面に押し付けて硬化させ、硬化後にPTFE含浸クロスをはがして多層シートとした。
この多層シートを200℃のエアオーブン中で5時間処理しプリカーサー(炭素前駆体)とした。その後、窒素ガス中で20℃/hの昇温速度で昇温し、1000℃で3時間保持した。自然冷却したのちに、真空中1400℃で3時間保持した後、自然冷却して焼成を完了した。
これにより、図1に概念的に示すように、アモルファス炭素10中にカーボンナノ繊維の粉末12が均一に分散し、PMMAの粒子が消失した後に残った球状の気孔14を有する多孔体の低密度層16と、その両面を覆い、外表面に周期的な凹凸20を有するアモルファス炭素からなる高密度層18とを有する音響振動板が得られた。
(Example 1 )
35 wt% and an average particle 1.4 wt% carbon nanofibers length 5μm in diameter 0.1μm vinyl chloride resin as A Amorphous carbon source, a composition that combines PMMA as drilling material for pore formation In contrast, after adding a diallyl phthalate monomer as a plasticizer and dispersing it using a Henschel mixer, the composition is obtained by repeatedly kneading sufficiently using a pressure kneader, and pelletized by a pelletizer to obtain a molding composition. It was .
Pellets of molding compositions this is a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 400μm by extrusion, was further coated with a furan resin on both sides, PTFE impregnated cloth 970-4UL (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) to both sides It was cured by pressing, and the PTFE-impregnated cloth was peeled off after curing to obtain a multilayer sheet .
For 5 hours in an air oven at a multi-layer sheet 200 ° C. This was precursor (carbon precursor). Thereafter, the temperature was increased in nitrogen gas at a temperature increase rate of 20 ° C./h, and the temperature was maintained at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours. After natural cooling, after holding in vacuum at 1400 ° C. for 3 hours, natural cooling was performed to complete firing .
This ensures, as conceptually shown in FIG. 1, the
このようにして得られた音響振動板の低密度層16の気孔率は70%、数平均気孔径は60μmであった。表面に周期的な凹凸を形成するために用いたPTFE含浸クロスの表面粗さの測定結果のグラフを図2(a)に示す。振動板全体の厚み、曲げ弾性、密度、およびJIS B0601:2001に従う表面粗さの測定結果を表1に示す。
(実施例2)
PTFE含浸クロスとして品番970−4ULのものに代えて、平滑タイプの9700ULを用い、それ以外は実施例1と同様な工程で音響振動板を得た。
用いたPTFE含浸クロスの表面粗さの測定結果のグラフを図2(b)に示す。振動板全体の厚み、曲げ弾性、密度、およびJIS B0601:2001に従う表面粗さの測定結果を表1に示す。
(比較例)
PTFE含浸クロスに代えてPETフィルムを用い、それ以外は実施例1と同じ工程で音響振動板を得た。
振動板全体の厚み、曲げ弾性、密度、およびJIS B0601:2001に従う表面粗さの測定結果を表1に示す。
The porosity of the
(Example 2 )
Instead of that of No. 970-4UL as P TFE impregnated cloth, using 9700UL smooth type, otherwise give the acoustic diaphragm in the same manner as in Example 1 step.
The surface roughness of use have been PTFE impregnated cloth graphs of measurement results shown in FIG. 2 (b). Table 1 shows the measurement results of the thickness, bending elasticity, density, and surface roughness according to JIS B0601: 2001 of the entire diaphragm.
(Comparative example )
A PET film instead of the P TFE impregnated cloth, otherwise give the acoustic diaphragm by the same process as in Example 1.
Vibration rotation plate total thickness, flexural modulus, density, and JIS B0601: the measurement results of surface roughness according to 2001 shown in Table 1.
表1の結果から明らかなように、表面に周期的な凹凸を設けることにより、曲げ弾性が向上し、密度が低下する。表面粗さのパラメータに関しては、算術平均粗さRaが0.5μm以上、最大高さRzが3.1μm以上であることが望ましく、Raが1μm以上、Rzが5μm以上であることがさらに望ましいことがわかる。 As is clear from the results of Table 1, by providing periodic irregularities on the surface, the bending elasticity is improved and the density is lowered. Regarding the surface roughness parameters, the arithmetic average roughness Ra is preferably 0.5 μm or more, the maximum height Rz is preferably 3.1 μm or more, Ra is preferably 1 μm or more, and Rz is more preferably 5 μm or more. I understand.
図2には表面に周期的な凹凸を形成するために用いたPTFE含浸クロスの表面粗さの測定結果が示されている。PTFE含浸クロスには、たて方向と横方向の2方向に、図2に示すような、30数μm周期、すなわち50μm以下の周期で周期的な凹凸があり、これが多層シートの両面に転写される。 FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of the surface roughness of the PTFE-impregnated cloth used for forming periodic irregularities on the surface. The PTFE-impregnated cloth has periodic irregularities with a period of 30 μm or more, that is, a period of 50 μm or less, in two directions, the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and these are transferred to both surfaces of the multilayer sheet. The
図2からわかるように、PTFE含浸クロスでは、図中上方の凸部を定める線よりも下方の凹部を定める線の方が鋭く曲がっている。すなわち、PTFE含浸クロスの凸部を定める面の曲率は凹部を定める面の曲率よりも小さい。これが転写される多層シートでは逆に、凹部を定める面の曲率の方が凸部を定める面の曲率よりも小さい。このような形状であることにより、構造剛性が維持されると考えられる。
なお、本発明の実施形態としては、下記の実施形態を挙げることができる。
〈1〉アモルファス炭素を含み、少なくとも一方の表面に凹凸が設けられている、炭素質音響振動板。
〈2〉上記凹凸は周期的である、上記〈1〉項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。
〈3〉上記凹凸は互いに交差する2方向において周期的である、上記〈2〉項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。
〈4〉上記凹凸が設けられた表面の表面粗さは、JIS B0601:2001に従って測定された算術平均粗さRaが0.5μm以上、最大高さRzが3.1μm以上である、上記〈1〉〜〈3〉項のいずれか一項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。
〈5〉上記算術平均粗さRaが1μm以上、最大高さRzが5μm以上である、上記〈4〉項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。
〈6〉上記凹凸における凹部を定める面の曲率は凸部を定める面の曲率よりも小さい、上記〈1〉〜〈5〉項のいずれか一項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。
〈7〉アモルファス炭素と該アモルファス炭素中に均一に分散した炭素粉末とを含み、気孔率が40%以上の多孔体からなる低密度層と、
アモルファス炭素を含み、上記低密度層をそれらの間に挟む2つの高密度層とを具備し、
上記凹凸は、上記高密度層の少なくとも一方の外側表面に設けられる、上記〈1〉〜〈6〉項のいずれか一項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。
〈8〉上記凹凸の周期は50μm以下である、上記〈1〉〜〈7〉項のいずれか一項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。
As can be seen from FIG. 2, in the PTFE-impregnated cloth, the line defining the lower concave portion is bent more sharply than the line defining the upper convex portion in the figure. That is, the curvature of the surface defining the convex portion of the PTFE-impregnated cloth is smaller than the curvature of the surface defining the concave portion. On the contrary, in the multilayer sheet to which this is transferred, the curvature of the surface defining the concave portion is smaller than the curvature of the surface defining the convex portion. Such a shape is considered to maintain the structural rigidity.
In addition, as embodiment of this invention, the following embodiment can be mentioned.
<1> A carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm comprising amorphous carbon and having at least one surface provided with irregularities.
<2> The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm according to <1>, wherein the unevenness is periodic.
<3> The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm according to <2>, wherein the unevenness is periodic in two directions intersecting each other.
<4> The surface roughness on which the unevenness is provided has an arithmetic average roughness Ra measured according to JIS B0601: 2001 of 0.5 μm or more and a maximum height Rz of 3.1 μm or more. The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm according to any one of <1> to <3>.
<5> The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm according to <4>, wherein the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 1 μm or more and the maximum height Rz is 5 μm or more.
<6> The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein a curvature of a surface defining the concave portion in the unevenness is smaller than a curvature of the surface defining the convex portion.
<7> a low-density layer comprising amorphous carbon and a carbon powder uniformly dispersed in the amorphous carbon, the porous layer having a porosity of 40% or more;
Comprising two high density layers comprising amorphous carbon and sandwiching the low density layer therebetween,
The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm according to any one of <1> to <6>, wherein the unevenness is provided on at least one outer surface of the high-density layer.
<8> The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein a period of the unevenness is 50 μm or less.
Claims (6)
前記凹凸における凹部を定める面の曲率は凸部を定める面の曲率よりも小さく、かつ
前記凹凸が設けられた表面の表面粗さが、JIS B0601:2001に従って測定された算術平均粗さRa0.5μm以上、かつ最大高さRz3.1μm以上である、
炭素質音響振動板。 A carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm including amorphous carbon and having at least one surface provided with irregularities,
The curvature of the surface defining the recess in the unevenness is smaller than the curvature of the surface defining the protrusion, and the surface roughness of the surface provided with the unevenness is an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.5 μm measured according to JIS B0601: 2001. And the maximum height Rz is 3.1 μm or more.
Carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm.
アモルファス炭素と該アモルファス炭素中に均一に分散した炭素粉末とを含み、気孔率が40%以上の多孔体からなる低密度層と、アモルファス炭素を含み、前記低密度層をそれらの間に挟む2つの高密度層とを具備し、
前記凹凸は、前記高密度層の少なくとも一方の外側表面に設けられている、
請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の炭素質音響振動板。 It contains amorphous carbon and has at least one surface with irregularities,
And a carbon powder uniformly dispersed in the amorphous carbon and the amorphous in the carbon, and the porosity is low-density layer of 40% or more of the porous body, it comprises A Amorphous carbon, sandwiching the low-density layer therebetween With two high density layers,
The irregularities, Ru Tei provided on at least one outer surface of the dense layer,
The carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm as described in any one of Claims 1-4 .
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