JP5905116B2 - System, method and apparatus for high power factor single phase rectifier - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates generally to broadband alternating current (AC) -direct current (DC) conversion. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a high power factor single phase rectifier topology for broadband AC-DC conversion.

  Many different systems are powered and operated using direct current (DC). For example, various electronic devices are powered using DC, and various electronic devices are, for example, mobile phones, portable music players, laptop computers, tablet computers, computer peripheral devices, communication devices (e.g. Bluetooth (registered) (Trademark) devices), digital cameras, and hearing aids. In addition, batteries such as those installed in electric vehicles are also charged using DC to provide DC output. Many power sources used to power electronic devices or charge batteries provide alternating current (AC). AC is often used to provide power because it is relatively advantageous with respect to the distance that power can be transferred efficiently and with respect to efficiency in generating AC when compared to DC. is there. As a result, power conversion circuits for converting AC to DC are required in many systems. For example, when using DC to charge a battery or power a device, a power supply is commonly used, and the power supply receives AC, which is used to charge the battery or power a device that relies on DC. Convert to DC. Since power is often lost during conversion, a system that increases the efficiency of AC-DC conversion is desirable.

  One aspect of the invention described in this disclosure provides a power converter for providing a direct current (DC) output based at least in part on alternating current. The power converter includes a first rectifier circuit configured to rectify alternating current to a first direct current. The power converter further includes an averaging circuit configured to average the first direct current received from the first rectifier circuit and provide a second direct current. The power conversion device further includes a second rectifier circuit configured to rectify the alternating current to a third direct current. The direct current output is derived from the second direct current and the third direct current.

  Another aspect of the invention described in this disclosure provides an implementation of a method for power conversion to provide a direct current (DC) output based at least in part on alternating current. The method includes rectifying an alternating current to a first direct current via a first rectifier circuit. The method further includes averaging the first direct current via an averaging circuit to provide the second direct current. The method further includes rectifying the alternating current to a third direct current via the second rectifier circuit. The method further includes providing a direct current output derived from the second direct current and the third direct current.

  Yet another aspect of the invention described in this disclosure provides a power conversion apparatus for providing a direct current (DC) output based at least in part on alternating current. The power conversion device includes means for rectifying the alternating current into the first direct current. The power conversion device further includes means for averaging the first direct current to provide the second direct current. The power conversion device further includes means for rectifying the alternating current into a third direct current. The power converter further includes means for providing a direct current output derived from the second direct current and the third direct current.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary system for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for AC-DC conversion as shown in FIG. 1, including a full wave bridge rectifier circuit. 3 is a graph of exemplary voltage and current waveforms of a full wave bridge rectifier circuit as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 6 is a graph of exemplary voltage and current waveforms for a system as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 8 is a graph of an exemplary voltage waveform and current waveform of a system as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 10 is a graph of an exemplary voltage waveform and current waveform of a system as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary wireless power transfer system that can include any of the systems for AC-DC conversion of FIGS. 4-12. FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary wireless power transmitter system that may be used in the wireless power transfer system of FIG. FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary wireless power receiver system that can be used in the wireless power transfer system of FIG. 13 and that can use any of the systems for AC-DC conversion of FIGS. 4-12. FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example system for charging an electric vehicle that can include the wireless power transfer system of FIG. FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of another exemplary wireless power transmitter. FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of another exemplary wireless power receiver that can use any of the systems for AC-DC conversion of FIGS. 4-12. 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary method for converting AC to DC. FIG. 3 is another exemplary functional block diagram of a system for AC-DC conversion.

  The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of exemplary embodiments of the invention and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. . As used throughout this specification, the term “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and is preferred or advantageous over other exemplary embodiments. Should not necessarily be interpreted. The detailed description includes specific details so that a thorough understanding of the exemplary embodiments of the invention may be obtained. In some examples, some devices are shown in block diagram form.

  As stated above, many power applications, for example, use alternating current (AC) to convert power from the power grid so that it can be used to charge a battery or power an electronic device that relies on DC. ) -Direct current (DC) conversion is used.

  FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary system 100 for AC-DC conversion. System 100 includes a power supply 102 that can provide a time-varying voltage to generate a single phase alternating current (AC). The power source 102 can be any power source that provides a time-varying voltage that generates alternating current (AC). The rectifier circuit 104 can receive AC from the power source 102 and rectify the alternating current into a constant direct current (DC). The direct current output from the rectifier circuit 104 is provided to supply or charge the load 106. The load 106 can be, for example, a battery configured to be charged. The load 106 can also be any other circuit that uses direct current, such as an integrated circuit in an electronic device, or any other circuit.

  Rectifying the high frequency AC to DC may result in harmonic distortion that reduces the efficiency of the rectifier circuit 104 and causes undesirable radiation. Some rectifier circuits may not function at high frequencies and may require a resonant filter, have poor efficiency, or require polyphase AC power. For example, active power correction may be used due to the frequency of the utility line. However, active power correction may require switching the supplied power at a frequency several times the power line frequency, and may not be practical for frequencies above a few KHz. Although a valley fill topology may be used, the load current may fluctuate with incoming power, and thus may not be practical for use above a few KHz. A resonant filter network can also be used to remove harmonics. However, the filter network may require accurate inductor and capacitor values and may therefore be suitable only for a narrow range of frequencies. Multi-pulse rectifier topologies can be used for multi-phase power, but these may only be suitable for three-phase power networks. Therefore, there is a need for a rectifier topology that can function over a wide range of frequencies while also providing high power factor and reduced harmonics using single phase power.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system 200 for AC-DC conversion as shown in FIG. 1, including a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit 204. The rectifier circuit 204 can be configured to receive a single-phase time-varying AC generated by the power supply 202 and convert the received AC to DC that can be provided to the load R _L 206. The rectifier circuit 204 can be a full-wave bridge rectifier including diodes D ₁ , D ₂ , D ₃ , D ₄ to rectify the AC received from the power supply 202 to direct current. The rectified DC can be smoothed by capacitor C ₁ to provide a constant DC to load R _L 206.

  FIG. 3 is a graph of an exemplary voltage waveform 330 and current waveform 320 of a full wave bridge rectifier circuit 204 as shown in FIG. As shown, voltage waveform 330 from power source 202 exhibits a sinusoidal shape without distortion. Ideally, the current waveform 320 in the rectifier circuit 204 accurately reflects the voltage waveform 330 and again has a corresponding distortion-free sinusoidal shape. However, due to harmonic distortion and the like as described above, the current waveform 320 of the rectifier circuit 204 has a wide flat portion with narrow peaks and valleys. As a result of the distortion, the efficiency of the system 200 decreases. More specifically, the power factor (that is, the ratio of the active power flowing into the load 206 to the apparent power of the rectifier circuit 204) decreases. Non-linear operation of the load 206 can also cause distortion in the current waveform 320, which causes a reduction in power factor. A low power factor indicates that less power is supplied to the load 206 than is available in the circuit. As a result, the efficiency of the system 200 is reduced.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system 400 for AC-DC conversion, according to one embodiment. A single phase AC power source 402 provides AC to the first and second rectifier circuits 404a, 404b. The first rectifier circuit 404a and the second rectifier circuit 404b can be formed from a variety of different types of rectifier circuits and rectifier circuit topologies, as further described below. Regardless of the topology used, the first rectifier circuit 404a and the second rectifier circuit 404b can rectify alternating current from the power supply 402 into direct current. The first rectifier circuit 404a can be configured to rectify the alternating current from the power source 402 into a first direct current provided at the output.

The first direct current can be received by the averaging circuit 410, which can average the output of the first rectifier circuit 404a. The operation of the averaging circuit 410 can make the output of the averaging circuit 410 lower than the peak voltage of the output of the second rectifier circuit 404b. Averaging circuit 410 may comprise an inductor L _1, a capacitor C _2. Inductor L ₁ and capacitor C ₂ can be electrically connected in parallel. The inductance of inductor L ₁ and capacitor C ₂ can be selected according to various design parameters and operating conditions of system 400. Averaging circuit 410 can further include a diode D _5. The averaging circuit 410 can provide a second direct current derived from the first direct current output from the first rectifier circuit 404a.

The second rectifier circuit 404b can also rectify the alternating current from the power source 402 to generate a third direct current. The output of the averaging circuit 410 and the output of the second rectifier circuit 404b are such that the second DC output from the averaging circuit 410 is combined with the third DC output from the second rectifier circuit 404b. Are electrically connected to form a common output. In one aspect, since the outputs are electrically connected, the minimum output of the second rectifier circuit 404b can be limited by the output of the averaging circuit 410. In one aspect, as a result, the current waveform of the system 400 can be a flat waveform that is closer to a sinusoidal waveform. As a result of the operation of the system 400, harmonics are reduced and power factor is improved. In one aspect, the first rectifier circuit 404a can be characterized as a lower voltage rectifier circuit, and the second rectifier circuit 404b can be characterized as a higher voltage rectifier circuit compared to the first rectifier circuit 404a. Can be characterized. The direct current output from the second rectifier circuit 404b and the averaging circuit 410 can be further filtered by the filter circuit 412, which is, among other things, a substantially constant DC provided to the load R _L 406. Can be provided. Filter circuit 412 can also be configured to provide increased power factor and reduced undesirable harmonics. Filter circuit 412 may comprise an inductor L _2, a capacitor C _3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system 500 for AC-DC conversion, according to one embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of exemplary first and second rectifier circuits 504a, 504b that may be used in accordance with system 400 of FIG. The first rectifier circuit 504a includes a full-bridge rectifier circuit topology including diodes D ₈ , D ₉ , D ₁₀ , D ₁₁ and is configured to rectify single-phase alternating current from the power source 502 to the first direct current at the output Is done. The second rectifier circuit 504b comprises a full-bridge rectifier circuit topology including diodes D ₆ , D ₇ , D ₈ , D ₉ to rectify the alternating current from the power source 502 to the second direct current. As shown in FIG. 5, the first and second rectifier circuits 504a, 504b may share components such as a diode D _8, D _9. As shown, each of the first rectifier circuit 504a and the second rectifier circuit 504b can be a full bridge rectifier circuit.

As a first direct current output of the first rectifier circuit 504a includes an inductor L _3, a capacitor C ₄ and the diode D _12,, it is provided to an averaging circuit 510. The output of the averaging circuit 510 is electrically connected to the output of the second rectifier circuit 504b. The combined DC output is filtered in one aspect by a filter circuit 512 that includes an inductor L ₄ and a capacitor C ₅ that can smooth the output to provide a constant DC. The output is then provided to load R _L 506. As shown, the full wave bridge rectifier circuit including diodes D ₆ , D ₇ , D ₈ , D ₉ is electrically connected in series with diodes D ₁₀ , D ₁₁ . The topology for the first and second rectifier circuits 504a, 504b shown in FIG. 5 is simplified compared to other topologies described below. By reducing the number of components, various benefits such as cost reduction or efficiency improvement can be obtained.

  FIG. 6 is a graph of an exemplary voltage waveform 630 and current waveform 620 of the system 500 as shown in FIG. As shown, voltage waveform 630 has a sinusoidal shape without distortion. The current waveform 620 of the system 500 is a current waveform 620 having a flat portion that is closer to the undistorted wave, especially compared to the current waveform 320 of FIG. As indicated by the less distorted current waveform 620, the system 500 can provide significant harmonic reduction and power factor enhancement. It should be understood that the voltage and current values in FIG. 6 and other figures provide hypothetical values for illustrative purposes, and a variety of different values and levels are possible. Since system 500 does not resonate, system 500 can be used over a wide range of frequencies. By using a combination of rectifier topologies as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the current waveform can be closer to a sine wave, and the operation of the system is described above with respect to undesirable harmonics and power factor reduction. It can be possible to avoid some of the problems as was done. A wide range of component values, while still providing a high power factor for the various components shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, so that systems 400, 500 can be designed for a wide range of frequencies and operating conditions. Can be used.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system 700 for AC-DC conversion, according to one embodiment. FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of other exemplary first and second rectifier circuits 704a, 704b that can be used in accordance with the system 400 of FIG. First rectifier circuit 704a includes a full bridge rectifier circuit topology with a diode _{D 15, D 16, D 19} , D 20. The second rectifier circuit 704b includes a full bridge rectifier circuit topology that includes diode _{D 13, D 14, D 15} , D 16. The second rectifier circuit 704b also includes a current doubler rectifier circuit including an inductor L _5, L _6. Further, as shown, additional diodes D ₁₇ , D ₁₈ can be included. As shown, it may also include a capacitor C _8. Similar to the system 500 shown in FIG. 5, the first rectifier circuit 704a and the second rectifier circuit 704b may share various components. In this configuration, the current doubler circuit can be placed closer to the bottom of the system 700 than the load R _L 706. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 above, the output of the first rectifier circuit 704a is connected to the averaging circuit 710. The output of second rectifier circuit 704b is electrically connected to the output of averaging circuit 710 at, for example, node 714. Filter circuit 712 is used to filter and / or smooth the direct current at node 714 to provide a constant DC to load R _L 706 as described above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. .

  FIG. 8 is a graph of an exemplary voltage waveform 830 and current waveform 820 of the system 700 as shown in FIG. As shown, voltage waveform 830 provides an undistorted sinusoidal signal. Although the current waveform 820 is distorted, the operation of the topology of the system 700 of FIG. 7 provides a current waveform with a flat portion that is closer to the undistorted sinusoid, especially compared to the current waveform 320 of FIG. As indicated by current waveform 820, the rectifier circuit topology of system 700 of FIG. 7 can provide significant harmonic reduction and power factor enhancement.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in order to reduce the harmonic distortion as much as possible according to various operating conditions and depending on the load driven by the system 700, the first and second rectifier circuits 704a, 704b A variety of different topologies can be used. As such, the first and second rectifier circuits 704a, 704b are a combination of one or more rectifier circuits, or a rectifier circuit, to generate the desired DC output and to control the distortion of the current waveform 820. Other circuits combined with the topology can be included.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system 900 for AC-DC conversion, according to one embodiment. FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of other exemplary first and second rectifier circuits 904a, 904b that can be used in accordance with the system 400 of FIG. As described above with reference to FIG. 7, instead of using a single full-wave bridge rectifier circuit 204 as shown in FIG. 2, it provides a filter with high power factor and reduced harmonics To do so, a rectifier circuit topology including a combination of rectifier circuits can be used. The first rectifier circuit 904a can include diodes D ₂₆ , D ₂₇ , D ₂₈ , D ₂₉ that form a full-bridge rectifier circuit. As shown, capacitors C ₁₂ and C ₁₃ can also be included. The second rectifier circuit 904b can include diodes D ₂₂ , D ₂₃ , D ₂₄ , D ₂₅ that form a full-bridge rectifier circuit. The second rectifier circuit 904b further includes a current doubler rectifier circuit including inductors L ₉ and L ₁₀ and diodes D ₂₄ and D ₂₅ in common with the full bridge rectifier circuit of the second rectifier circuit 904b. As shown, the capacitor C ₁₁ can also be included. In one embodiment, the current doubler rectifier circuit of the second rectifier circuit 904b can provide a voltage 1.5 times that of the first rectifier circuit 904a. As described above with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 7, the output of the first rectifier circuit 904a can be provided to an averaging circuit 910 as described above. The output of the averaging circuit can be electrically connected to the output of the second rectifier circuit 904b to generate a direct current. This direct current can be filtered and / or smoothed by the filter circuit 912 as described above to provide a more constant DC to the load R _L 906.

  FIG. 10 is a graph of an exemplary voltage waveform 1030 and current waveform 1020 of the system 900 as shown in FIG. As shown, voltage waveform 1030 is shown as an undistorted sinusoid. The operation of the rectifier topology of the system 900 of FIG. 9 generates a current waveform with a flat portion that is also closer to a sine wave, particularly compared to the current waveform 320 of FIG. System 900 can reduce harmonics of the AC input (line) as described above. For example, the system 900 can provide a reduction of more than 30 db of the third harmonic in addition to a 9 db reduction of the fifth harmonic on the AC line. Similar levels of harmonic reduction can be achieved for any of the systems described above with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 7. FIG. The component values of the components of system 900 can vary over a wide range of inductances and capacitances. Furthermore, the system 900 does not resonate and can therefore function using a wide range of input frequencies. As such, the system 900 can provide a high power factor and increase the efficiency of the system 900. As shown in FIG. 9, both the first and second rectifier circuits 904a, 904b are different types of rectifier circuits to further control the distortion of the current waveform according to the load 906 or other operating conditions. (Eg, rectifier circuit topology) can be included individually. Using a combination of rectifier topologies as shown above can provide a current waveform that is as distorted as possible compared to a sinusoid, and the harmonic / efficiency issues as described above Some of them can be avoided. Further, in some examples, additional rectifier circuits can be cascaded to provide further power factor improvements. For example, providing a third rectifier circuit (not shown) that is used in conjunction with the first and second rectifier circuits 904a, 904b to further reduce harmonics in the system 900 and increase the power factor, Can be connected.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another example system 1100 for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 11 shows a circuit configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 9, but in the direction of diodes D ₃₁ , D ₃₂ , D ₃₃ , D ₃₄ , D ₃₅ , D ₃₆ , D ₃₇ , D ₃₈ , D ₃₉ Is reversed. Compared to FIG. 9, although the output polarity is opposite, the system 1100 can function similarly to the system 900 of FIG. 9 and still provide significant harmonic reduction. Similarly, any of the diodes of FIGS. 4, 5, and 7 can be reversed without causing a substantial change in the operation and benefits of the systems 400, 500, 700. Other similar configurations in accordance with the principles described herein are possible.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary system 1200 for AC-DC conversion. FIG. 12 shows a circuit configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 9, but a synchronous rectifier circuit can be used. Therefore, the diodes in FIG. 9 are driven by appropriate waveforms from the controller 1250 to perform the same function as the diodes, switches S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , S ₅ , S ₆ , S ₇ and S ₈ can be replaced. The switch can be any one of a variety of different switches (eg, relay, MOSFET, BJT, etc.). In some examples, the use of a synchronous rectifier circuit may allow greater control over rectifier operation, especially when the operating conditions are dynamic. When driven with waveforms suitable for switches S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , S ₅ , S ₆ , S ₇ , S ₈ , the system 1200 of FIG. 12 is similar to the system 900 of FIG. Can function. In other embodiments, a semi-synchronous rectifier circuit can be used. For example, only some of the diodes in the rectifier circuit of FIG. 9 can be replaced with switches. Similarly, switches can be used in place of diodes for any of the circuits described above with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 7. FIG. Other similar configurations in accordance with the principles described herein are possible.

  The system for AC-DC conversion described above with reference to FIGS. 4-12 can be used in a variety of other systems involving the use of DC derived from an AC source. According to an exemplary embodiment, the system for AC-DC conversion of FIGS. 4-12 includes, for example, wirelessly receiving power in the form of a time-varying voltage that generates alternating current. It can be used in a system for power transfer. Many applications that can use power received wirelessly rely on DCs to power the system or charge the battery. For example, wireless power is used to wirelessly charge an electric vehicle battery, as further described below, or to wirelessly charge an electronic device, such as a cell phone, as further described below. be able to. As such, the following description provides an example of a wireless power system that can include a system for AC-DC conversion as described above with reference to FIGS. 4-12. For example, each of the power sources described above with reference to FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 9, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12 is guided wirelessly through a field, as further described below. Can be a time-varying voltage.

  Contactless wireless power transmission for charging or operation (eg, feeding) can be achieved by electromagnetic coupling between the primary coil of the wire and the secondary coil of the wire. The mechanism converts power from alternating current in the primary winding to alternating magnetic field, which is coupled to the secondary winding by a magnetic circuit that is usually made from iron or iron-containing material. The wire can be similar to the mechanism of an AC electrical transformer where the magnetic field is again converted to AC current (AC). Other circuits, such as those described above with reference to FIGS. 4-9, convert the received power into direct current (DC) for charging the battery.

  As used herein, an electric field, a magnetic field, an electromagnetic field, or the like transmitted between a “transmitting circuit” or a transmitter and a “receiving circuit” or a receiver without using a physical conductor, The term “wireless power” is used to mean any form of energy. Since then, all three of these are commonly referred to as fields, with the understanding that pure magnetic fields or pure electric fields do not emit power. These must be coupled to the receiving circuit to achieve power transfer.

  FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary wireless power transfer system 1300. As described further below, the system described above with reference to FIGS. 4-12 can be used in a wireless power transfer system 1300. Input power 1302 is provided to a power supply 1310 that converts the input power 1302 into a form suitable for driving a transmission circuit that includes a transmission coil 1304, which provides energy transfer. Generate a field 1308 to do. A receive circuit including receive coil 1306 couples to field 1308 and generates power, which is rectified and / or filtered by receive power conversion circuit 1320, which is coupled to output power 1330 (not shown) ) For storage or consumption. Transmitting coil 1304 and receiving coil 1306 are separated by a distance. In one exemplary embodiment, the transmit coil 1304 and the receive coil 1306 are configured according to a mutual resonance relationship, and if the resonant frequency of the receive coil 1306 and the resonant frequency of the transmit coil 1304 are very close, the field line 1308 has a large line of force. When the receiving coil 1306 is disposed in a region where the portion passes near or in the receiving coil 1306, the power transmission loss between the transmitting coil 1304 and the receiving coil 1306 is minimized.

  Transmit coil 1304 and receive coil 1306 may be sized according to the application and the device associated with the application. Efficient energy transfer is accomplished by coupling most of the field energy of the transmit coil 1304 to the receive coil 1306 instead of propagating most of the energy to the far field with electromagnetic waves. When in the near field, a coupling mode can be generated between the transmitting coil 1304 and the receiving coil 1306. The area around the transmit coil 1304 and the receive coil 1306 where this near field coupling can occur may be referred to herein as a coupled mode region.

  In one embodiment as shown in FIG. 13, the power supply 1310 can receive 50/60 Hz commercial power 1302 and convert it to high frequency AC to drive the transmit coil 1304. The power supply 1310 can include a rectifier 1311 that converts commercial AC power to pulsating DC. For large loads such as electric vehicle chargers, the power factor correction circuit 1312 can be used to avoid excessive current flowing into the power system. The pulsating DC can be filtered by the large energy storage element 1313 to a constant DC. The DC can then be converted to a high frequency square wave by chopper circuit 1314 and filtered by filter 1315 to a sine wave. This output can then be connected to the transmit coil 1304 of the transmit circuit. High frequency AC current flowing into the transmit coil 1304 can generate a pulsating high frequency magnetic field 1308. Transmitter coil 1304 and capacitor 1316 can form a resonant circuit at the operating frequency, producing better electromagnetic coupling between transmitter coil 1304 and receiver coil 1306.

  A receive coil 1306 in the receive circuit couples to a pulsating high frequency field 1308 (eg, a magnetic field) to generate high frequency AC power, which is connected to the receive power conversion circuit 1320. The capacitor 1321 and the inductor 1307 of the receiving coil 1306 can form a resonant circuit at the operating frequency, and generate better electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil 1304 and the receiving coil 1306. AC power is converted to pulsating DC by a rectifier 1322. For example, the rectifier 1322 can include the rectifier circuit of the system described above with reference to FIGS. An energy storage device 1323 can be included to smooth the pulsating DC into a constant DC. A switch mode power supply 1324 may be included to adjust the voltage to a value suitable for charging a battery (not shown) via output power 1330. The power supply 1310 and the received power conversion circuit 1320 can communicate by modulating the magnetic field 1308 or on a separate communication channel 1332 (eg, Bluetooth, zigbee, cellular, NFC, etc.).

  As stated, efficient energy transfer between the transmit coil 1304 and the receive coil 1306 occurs when the resonances match or nearly match between the transmit coil 1304 and the receive coil 1306, and by the power supply 1310. Driven at that frequency. However, even if the resonance between the transmission coil 1304 and the reception coil 1306 does not match, the energy can be transmitted, although the efficiency may be affected. Instead of propagating energy from the transmit coil 1304 to free space, energy is transferred by coupling energy from the near field of the transmit coil 1304 to the receive coil 1306 in the vicinity where this near field is established. Is called. The near field can correspond to a region where there is a strong reaction field resulting from current and charge in the transmit coil 1304 that does not radiate power from the transmit coil 1304. In some cases, the near field can correspond to a region that is within about 1 and 1 / 2π wavelengths of the transmit coil 1304 (as opposed to the receive coil 1306), as further described below.

  FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary wireless power transmitter system 1400 that can be used in the wireless power transfer system 1300 of FIG. FIG. 14 shows an exemplary configuration of a power supply that can include the functions required to convert 50/60 Hz power grid power to high frequency AC that can be used to drive the transmit coil 1404. However, other configurations for other input power sources are possible. The 50/60 Hz power grid power 1402 can be adjusted by the line filter 1411 to remove high frequency noise and harmful voltage spikes. The rectifier 1412 can convert 50/60 Hz AC to pulsating DC. The rectifier 1412 may use any of the system components / circuits described above with reference to FIGS. 4-12.

  In order to avoid excessive currents in the power system due to out-of-phase voltages and currents, and harmonic distortion due to switching operation of the rectifier 1412, an active power factor correction circuit 1413 can be included for regulation purposes. The power factor correction circuit 1413 can adjust the current flow from the power grid so that it looks like a resistive load with good power factor according to the power grid voltage. The power factor correction circuit 1413 can be similar to a switch mode power supply that draws current from the power system with a series of high frequency pulses that are modulated to match the power system voltage waveform.

  An energy storage element 1414 can be included, which can be a very large capacitor or can be composed of an inductor and a capacitor. In either case, the components can be scaled up to store enough energy to last one-half cycle of 50/60 Hz grid power. A lower power power supply can save the energy storage element 1414, but the resulting high frequency AC power driving the transmit coil 1404 is then rectified 50 / 60Hz superimposed as an envelope Power grid power waveforms, resulting in higher peak voltage and current, and higher peak magnetic field. It may be desirable to avoid this at various power levels.

  The chopper circuit 1415 can be used to convert the rectified and smoothed DC generated by the preceding components 1411 to 1414, chopping the smoothed DC and the operating frequency of the transmit coil 1404 Can be a square wave. As an exemplary implementation, this frequency can be 20 KHz, but any frequency can be used to provide a practically sized transmit coil 1404 and receive coil. Higher frequencies can allow the use of smaller components in both power supply 1410 and transmit coil 1404, but lower frequencies can result in higher efficiency as switching losses are lower. Can do. Charging systems have been proposed that use frequencies in the range of 400Hz to 1MHz.

  A matching circuit 1416 can be included to perform a dual duty as a filter to convert the square wave generated by the chopper circuit 1415 into a high frequency suppressed sine wave, and the matching circuit 1416 Matches the impedance of the chopper circuit 1415 to a resonance circuit composed of the capacitor 1417 and the inductor 1405 of the transmission coil 1404. Since the matching circuit 1416 operates at a high frequency, its components can be relatively small but must be of high quality to avoid loss. Capacitor 1417 can be in parallel or in series with inductor 1405 in transmit coil 1404, but the current flowing into this device is multiplied by the operation Q of the resonant circuit, so in each case the loss is It can be the highest quality to avoid. Similarly, the inductor 1405 in the transmission circuit 1406 can also be composed of high quality components to avoid loss. Litz wire can be used to increase surface area and make the best use of the copper in the winding. Alternatively, the transmit coil 1404 can be made of a metal strip having a thickness, width, and metal type selected to keep resistance losses low. The ferrite material used for the magnetic circuit can be selected to avoid saturation, eddy currents, and losses at the operating frequency.

  The power supply 1410 can further include a load sensing circuit (not shown) for detecting the presence or absence of an active receive coil in the vicinity of the magnetic field 1408 generated by the transmit coil 1404. As an example, the load sensing circuit monitors the current flowing into the chopper circuit 1415, which is affected by the presence or absence of a receive coil located at an appropriate location near the magnetic field 1408. The detection of changes occurring in the load on the chopper circuit 1415 can be monitored by a controller not shown, whether the power factor correction circuit 1413 can transmit energy and should it communicate with an active receiver coil Used in determining whether. The current measured in the chopper circuit 1415 can be further used to determine whether an invalid object is placed in the charging area of the transmission coil 1404.

  FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary wireless power receiver system that can be used in the wireless power transfer system 1300 of FIG. 13 and can use any of the systems for AC-DC conversion of FIGS. is there. The receiver system 1500 can convert the high frequency magnetic field 1508 into high frequency AC power, which is used to charge a battery (not shown) or power a device (not shown). DC power 1530 is converted. Receive coil 1506 includes an inductor 1507 that forms a resonant circuit with capacitor 1521. The references to component quality of inductor 1507 and capacitor 1521 described above with reference to FIG. 14 apply here as well. Matching circuit 1522 can perform functions similar to matching circuit 1416, but the high frequency AC power generated by receive coil 1506 is impedance matched with rectifier 1523 and generated by rectifier 1523. Harmonics are not coupled to the receive coil 1506. The rectifier circuit 1523 can be used to reduce the harmonics generated by the rectification operation and to reduce the filtering requirements in the matching circuit 1522. For example, rectifier circuit 1523 may use and / or include the system components and topologies described above with reference to FIGS. 4-12. This can allow for the provision of a high power factor to increase the efficiency of power conversion to receive power wirelessly and provide that power to a load (e.g., to a battery for charging). .

  An energy storage element 1524 can be used to smooth the pulsating DC to a constant DC. The energy storage element 1524 can operate at a high frequency (compared to the energy storage element 1414 of FIG. 14), so that the components can be smaller. In response to a battery management system (not shown), the switch mode power supply 1525 can be used to adjust the DC voltage and possibly the DC current. Alternatively, the switch mode power supply 1525 regulation function can be provided at the transmitter in the power supply 1410, but this approach is a fast and reliable communication link from the receiver system 1500 to the power supply 1410. And can add complexity to the entire system.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram of an exemplary system for charging an electric vehicle 1650 that may include the wireless power transfer system 1300 of FIG. The wireless power transfer system 1600 allows the electric vehicle 1650 to be charged when the electric vehicle 1650 is parked near the charging base system 1610a. A space for parking two electric vehicles on the corresponding charging base systems 1610a and 1610b in the parking area is shown. In some embodiments, a local distribution center 1640 can be connected to a power backbone 1642, which can provide an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) supply via a power link (or power supply) 1602. The charging base system 1610a can be provided. The charging base system 1610a also includes the transmit coil 1604a described above for wirelessly transmitting or receiving power. The electric vehicle 1650 can include a battery unit 1634, a receiving coil 1606, and a receiver power conversion circuit 1620. The receive coil 1606 can interact with the transmit coil 1604a to transmit power wirelessly as described above.

  Either the transmit coil 1604 or the receive coil 1606 is referred to as a “loop” antenna or may be configured as a “loop” antenna. Transmit coil 1604 or receive coil 1606 may be referred to herein as a “magnetic” antenna or induction coil, or may be configured as a “magnetic” antenna or induction coil. The term “coil”, in one aspect, is intended to refer to a component that can wirelessly output or receive energy for coupling to another “coil”. The coil is sometimes referred to as an “antenna” of the type configured to output or receive power wirelessly.

  Local distribution center 1640 can be configured to communicate with an external source (eg, a power grid) via communication backhaul 1642 and charging base system 1610a via communication link 1632.

  In some embodiments, simply by the driver correctly positioning the electric vehicle 1650 with respect to the transmit coil 1604a, the receive coil 1606 can be aligned with the transmit coil 1604a, and thus the near field. Can be placed in the area. In other embodiments, the driver can be provided with visual feedback, audio feedback, or a combination thereof to determine when the electric vehicle 1650 is properly positioned for wireless power transfer. . In still other embodiments, the electric vehicle 1650 can be positioned by an autopilot system that moves the electric vehicle 1650 back and forth (e.g., in a zigzag motion) until the alignment error reaches an acceptable value. Can be made. This is because if the electric vehicle 1650 is equipped with servo handles, ultrasonic sensors, and intelligence to adjust the vehicle, the electric vehicle can be operated without any intervention by the driver or with minimal intervention by the driver. It can be executed automatically and autonomously by the 1650. In still other embodiments, the receive coil 1606, the transmit coil 1604a, or a combination thereof, causes the coils 1606, 1604a to be displaced and moved relative to each other to more accurately orient them and more efficiently between them. It is possible to have a function for generating a proper bond.

  Charging base system 1610a can be located at various locations. As a non-limiting example, some suitable locations include the electric car owner's home parking area, a parking area reserved for electric car wireless charging following a traditional gas station, and shopping centers and workplaces. Includes parking at other locations.

  Charging an electric vehicle wirelessly offers a number of benefits. For example, charging can be performed automatically and substantially without driver intervention and manipulation, thereby improving user convenience. Exposed electrical contacts and mechanical wear can also be eliminated, thereby increasing the reliability of the wireless power transfer system 1600. Operation with cables and connectors can be eliminated, eliminating cables, plugs or sockets that can be exposed to moisture and moisture in the outdoor environment, thereby improving safety. Visible or accessible sockets, cables, and plugs can also be eliminated, thereby reducing potential vandalism to power charging devices. Furthermore, in order to increase the availability of vehicles for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation, electric vehicles can be used as distributed storage devices to stabilize the power grid. A docking-to-grid solution may be desirable.

  The wireless power transfer system 1600 can also provide aesthetic and undisturbed benefits. For example, charging columns and cables can be eliminated, which can be an obstacle for cars and / or pedestrians.

  In other embodiments, a wireless power transfer system can be used to charge various rechargeable electronic devices, or other devices that can operate using wirelessly received power. FIG. 17 is a functional block diagram of another exemplary wireless power transmitter 1704. The transmitter 1704 can include a transmission circuit 1706 and a transmission coil 1714. The transmit circuit 1706 can provide RF power to the transmit coil 1714 by providing an oscillating signal that results in the generation of energy (eg, magnetic flux) around the transmit coil 1714 as described above. The transmitter 1704 can operate at any suitable frequency. As an example, the transmitter 1704 can operate in the 13.56 MHz ISM band.

  As described above, the transmitter circuit 1706 includes a constant impedance matching circuit 1709 and a filter circuit 1708 configured to reduce harmonic emissions to a level that prevents self-interference of devices coupled to the receiver. Can be included. Other exemplary embodiments can include different filter topologies, including, without limitation, notch filters that attenuate particular frequencies while passing other frequencies, and output power to coil 1714, or Adaptive impedance matching can be included that can vary based on a measurable transmission metric, such as a DC current drawn by driver circuit 1724. Transmit circuit 1706 can further include a driver circuit 1724 configured to drive the RF signal as determined by oscillator 1723. Transmit circuit 1706 can be comprised of discrete devices or circuits, or alternatively can be comprised of an integrated assembly. Exemplary RF power output from the transmit coil 1714 can be on the order of 2.5 watts for charging an electronic device.

  The transmit circuit 1706 can further include a controller 1715 that selectively enables the oscillator 1723 during the transmit phase (or duty cycle) for a particular receiver and the frequency or phase of the oscillator 1723. And adjust the output power level to implement a communication protocol for interacting with neighboring devices via their associated receivers. Note that controller 1715 may also be referred to herein as processor 1715. Adjustment of the oscillator phase and associated circuitry in the transmit path can allow for reduction of out-of-band emissions, especially when transitioning from one frequency to another. The transmitter 1704 can be integrated into a charging pad for wireless charging of various portable electronic devices.

  FIG. 18 is a functional block diagram of another exemplary wireless power receiver 1808 that can use any of the systems for AC-DC conversion of FIGS. 4-12. Receiver 1808 includes a receiving circuit 1810, which can include a receiving coil 1818. Receiver 1808 further couples to device 1850 that receives the provided power. Note that the receiver 1808 is shown as being external to the device 1850, but can be integrated into the device 1850. Energy can be propagated wirelessly to receive coil 1818 and then coupled to device 1850 via the remainder of receive circuit 1810. By way of example, charging devices include devices such as mobile phones, portable music players, laptop computers, tablet computers, computer peripheral devices, communication devices (e.g., Bluetooth devices), digital cameras, and hearing aids (other medical devices). Can be included.

  The receive coil 1818 can be tuned to resonate at the same frequency as the transmit coil 1714 (FIG. 17) or at a frequency within a specified range. The receive coil 1818 can be sized similar to the transmit coil 1714 or can be sized differently based on the dimensions of the associated device 1850. As an example, device 1850 can be a portable electronic device having a diameter or length dimension that is smaller than the diameter or length of transmit coil 1714. In one such example, the receive coil 1818 can be implemented as a multi-turn coil to reduce the capacitance value of a tuning capacitor (not shown) and increase the impedance of the receive coil. As an example, receive coil 1818 is placed around the substantial circumference of device 1850 to maximize the coil diameter and reduce the number of loop turns (i.e., turns) of receive coil 1818 and the interwinding capacitance. can do.

  As described above with reference to FIG. 17, the receive circuit 1810 can provide impedance matching to the receive coil 1818. As also described above, the receive circuit 1810 includes a power conversion circuit 1806 for converting the received RF energy source into charging power used by the device 1850. The power conversion circuit 1806 includes an RF-DC converter 1820 (eg, a rectifier) and can also include a DC-DC converter 1822 (regulator) as described above. The RF-DC converter 1820 uses some or all of the circuits as described above with reference to FIGS. 4 to 12 to enable high power factor and reduced harmonic content Can do. The receiving circuit 1810 can further include a switching circuit 1812 for connecting the receiving coil 1818 to the power conversion circuit 1806, or alternatively for disconnecting the power conversion circuit 1806. Disconnecting the receiving coil 1818 from the power conversion circuit 1806 not only temporarily suspends charging of the device 1850, but also changes the “visible” and “load” from the transmitter 1704 (FIG. 17). The receiver circuit 1810 further includes a processor 1816 for coordinating the processes of the receiver 1808 described herein, including the control of the switching circuit 1812 described herein. The processor 1816 can also adjust the DC-DC converter 1822 to improve performance.

  Although the above figures show examples of various wireless charging systems, it should be understood that the systems and methods described herein are equally applicable to charging systems that use non-wireless connections. For example, to charge a battery (not shown), the systems can be directly connected by a transmission line.

  FIG. 19 is a flowchart of an exemplary method 1900 for converting AC to DC. Although described with reference to FIG. 4, the method 1900 can be used in conjunction with any of the systems described with reference to FIGS. 5, 7, 9, 11, and 12-18. In block 1902, the alternating current from the power source 402 is rectified to a first direct current via the first rectifier circuit 404a. In block 1904, the first direct current is averaged through averaging circuit 410 to provide a second direct current. The averaging circuit 410 can include an inductor and a capacitor. In block 1906, the alternating current is also rectified to a third direct current via the second rectifier circuit 404b. The first and second rectifier circuits 404a, 404b can include full-wave rectifier circuits and can share components. Each of the first and second rectifier circuits 404a, 404b may include a rectifier topology that includes a combination of rectifier circuits.

  At block 1908, a direct current derived from the second direct current and the third direct current is provided. For example, the output of the averaging circuit 410 and the output of the second rectifier circuit 404b can be electrically connected so that the second DC and the third DC are coupled. The direct current derived from the second direct current and the third direct current can be provided to feed or charge the load 406. Method 1900 can further include generating an alternating current based at least in part on the wirelessly received power. For example, the power supply 402 can comprise a coil configured to receive power wirelessly, in which a time-varying voltage is induced to generate an alternating current. In some embodiments, the method may further include filtering the direct current through a filter circuit to smooth the DC to a constant level.

  FIG. 20 shows another exemplary functional block diagram of a system for AC-DC conversion. The system can include a power converter 2000 comprising means 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 for the various actions described with respect to FIGS.

  Various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing operations, such as various hardware and / or software components, circuits, and / or modules. it can. In general, any operations shown in the figures can be performed by corresponding functional means capable of performing the operations. For example, the means for rectification can comprise a rectifier circuit, which can be any of the rectifier circuits described above, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the means for averaging can comprise an averaging circuit. The means for providing a direct current may comprise a circuit as described above with reference to FIGS.

  Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description are voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or their It can be represented by any combination.

  Various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. Can do. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Although the functions described can be implemented in a variety of ways for each particular application, such implementation decisions should not be construed as causing deviations from the scope of the embodiments of the invention.

  Various exemplary blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein are general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), fields Using a programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein Can be implemented or implemented. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, eg, a DSP and microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

  The method or algorithm steps and functions described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly in hardware, in software modules executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. can do. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over a tangible non-transitory computer readable medium as one or more instructions or code. it can. Software modules include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, It may reside on a removable disk, CD ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. A storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor. Discs, as used herein, include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy discs, and Blu-ray discs. The (disk) usually reproduces data magnetically, while the disc reproduces the data optically using a laser. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can exist in the user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

  For purposes of summarizing the present disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention have been described herein. It should be understood that such advantages, although not necessarily all, can be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the present invention. Thus, while the present invention achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages taught herein, it does not necessarily achieve other advantages that may have been taught or suggested herein. Can be implemented or implemented in a non-existent manner.

  Various modifications of the embodiments described above are readily apparent and the generic principles defined herein apply to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. be able to. Accordingly, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. is there.

100 system
102 Power supply
104 Rectifier circuit
106 Load
200 systems
202 power supply
204 Rectifier circuit
206 Load
320 Current waveform
330 Voltage waveform
400 system
402 power supply
404a first rectifier circuit
404b second rectifier circuit
406 load
410 Averaging circuit
412 Filter circuit
500 system
502 power supply
504a first rectifier circuit
504b second rectifier circuit
506 load
510 Averaging circuit
512 filter circuit
620 Current waveform
630 Voltage waveform
700 system
702 power supply
704a First rectifier circuit
704b Second rectifier circuit
706 load
710 Averaging circuit
712 Filter circuit
714 nodes
820 Current waveform
830 voltage waveform
900 system
902 power supply
904a first rectifier circuit
904b Second rectifier circuit
906 load
910 Averaging circuit
912 Filter circuit
914 nodes
1020 Current waveform
1030 Voltage waveform
1100 system
1102 power supply
1104a First rectifier circuit
1104b Second rectifier circuit
1106 load
1110 Averaging circuit
1112 Filter circuit
1200 system
1202 power supply
1204a first rectifier circuit
1204b second rectifier circuit
1206 load
1210 Averaging circuit
1212 Filter circuit
1250 controller
1300 wireless power transfer system
1302 Input power
1304 Transmitting coil
1306 Receive coil
1307 inductor
1308 places
1310 Power supply
1311 Rectifier
1312 Power factor correction circuit
1313 Energy storage elements
1314 Chopper circuit
1315 Filter
1316 capacitor
1320 Receive power conversion circuit
1321 capacitors
1322 Rectifier
1323 Energy storage devices
1324 Switch mode power supply
1330 Output power
1400 wireless power transmitter system
1402 Power grid power
1404 Transmitting coil
1405 inductor
1408 magnetic field
1410 Power supply
1411 Line filter
1412 Rectifier
1413 Power factor correction circuit
1414 Energy storage elements
1415 Chopper circuit
1416 Matching circuit
1417 capacitor
1500 wireless power receiver system
1506 Receiver coil
1507 inductor
1508 magnetic field
1521 capacitor
1522 matching circuit
1523 Rectifier
1524 Energy storage elements
1525 switch mode power supply
1530 DC power
1600 wireless power transfer system
1602 power link
1604a Transmitting coil
1604b Transmitting coil
1606 Receive coil
1610a Charging base system
1610b Charging base system
1620 Receiver power conversion circuit
1632 communication link
1634 battery unit
1640 Local distribution center
1642 Power backbone
1650 electric car
1704 wireless power transmitter
1706 Transmitter circuit
1708 Filter circuit
1709 Impedance matching circuit
1714 Transmitter coil
1715 controller
1723 oscillator
1724 Driver circuit
1806 Power conversion circuit
1808 wireless power receiver
1810 Receiver circuit
1812 switching circuit
1816 processor
1818 Receiver coil
1820 RF-DC converter
1822 DC-DC converter
2002 means
2004 means
2006 means
2008 means

Claims (31)

A power conversion device for providing a direct current (DC) output based at least in part on alternating current,
A first rectifier circuit configured to rectify the alternating current to a first direct current; and
An averaging circuit configured to average the first direct current received from the first rectifier circuit and provide a second direct current;
A second rectifier circuit configured to rectify the alternating current to a third direct current, wherein the direct current output is derived from the second direct current and the third direct current. and a circuit,
One or both of the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit comprises a rectifier topology comprising a combination of rectifier circuits, the rectifier topology being electrically connected in series with a current doubler circuit A power conversion device comprising a circuit, wherein the current doubler circuit comprises two inductors and two diodes .   The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a filter circuit comprising an inductor and a capacitor configured to filter the DC output.   3. The power conversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the averaging circuit is configured to provide a voltage level that is lower than a peak voltage level of the output of the second rectifier circuit.   4. The power conversion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the averaging circuit includes an inductor and a capacitor.   5. The power conversion device according to claim 4, wherein the inductor is electrically connected to the capacitor in parallel. 6. The power conversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit includes a full-wave rectifier circuit.   Each of the full wave rectifier circuits comprises four diodes, two of the four diodes being shared between the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit. 6. The power conversion device according to 6. The DC output is provided to perform the feeding or charging of the load, the power conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. The power conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the alternating current is generated based at least in part on wirelessly received power. 10. The power conversion device according to claim 9 , further comprising a coil configured to receive the wirelessly received power wirelessly and generate the alternating current. A method for power conversion for providing a direct current (DC) output based at least in part on alternating current, comprising:
Rectifying the alternating current to a first direct current through a first rectifier circuit;
Averaging the first direct current through an averaging circuit to provide a second direct current;
Rectifying the alternating current to a third direct current through a second rectifier circuit;
And providing the second DC and the third DC derived from the DC output of the look-containing,
One or both of the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit comprises a rectifier topology comprising a combination of rectifier circuits, the rectifier topology being electrically connected in series with a current doubler circuit A method comprising: a circuit, wherein the current doubler circuit comprises two inductors and two diodes . The method of claim 11 , further comprising filtering the DC output through an inductor and a capacitor. 13. A method according to any one of claims 11 or 12 , wherein the averaging step comprises providing a voltage that is lower than the peak voltage of the output of the second rectifier circuit. 14. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13 , wherein the averaging circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor. 15. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 14 , wherein at least one of the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit comprises a full wave rectifier circuit. Each of the full wave rectifier circuits comprises four diodes, two of the four diodes being shared between the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit. 15. The method according to 15 . 17. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 16 , further comprising the step of feeding or charging a load using the DC output. 18. The method of any one of claims 11 to 17 , further comprising generating the alternating current based at least in part on wirelessly received power. The method of claim 18 , wherein generating includes generating the alternating current via a coil configured to wirelessly receive the wirelessly received power. A power conversion device for providing a direct current (DC) output based at least in part on alternating current,
A first means for rectifying the alternating current into a first direct current;
Means for averaging the first direct current to provide a second direct current;
A second means for rectifying the alternating current to a third direct current;
Means for providing the DC output derived from the second DC and the third DC ; and
One or both of the first means for rectifying and the second means for rectifying comprise a rectifier topology comprising a combination of rectifier circuits, wherein the rectifier topology is electrically in series with a current doubler circuit. A power converter comprising a connected full wave rectifier circuit, wherein the current doubler circuit comprises two inductors and two diodes . 21. The power converter of claim 20 , further comprising a filter circuit comprising an inductor and a capacitor configured to filter the direct current output. The power conversion according to any one of claims 20 or 21 , wherein the means for averaging comprises means for providing a voltage lower than the peak voltage of the output of the second means for rectifying. apparatus. 23. The power converter according to any one of claims 20 to 22 , wherein the means for averaging comprises an averaging circuit comprising an inductor and a capacitor. 24. The power conversion device according to claim 23 , wherein the inductor is electrically connected to the capacitor in parallel. The first means for rectifying comprises a first rectifier circuit , the second means for rectifying comprises a second rectifier circuit, the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier 25. A power converter according to any one of claims 20 to 24 , wherein at least one of the circuits comprises a full wave rectifier circuit. Each of the full wave rectifier circuits comprises four diodes, two of the four diodes being shared between the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit. 25. The power converter according to 25 . 27. The power conversion apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 26 , wherein the direct current output is provided to supply or charge a load. 28. A power conversion apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 27 , wherein the alternating current is configured to be generated based at least in part on wirelessly received power. 30. The power converter of claim 28 , further comprising a coil configured to wirelessly receive the wirelessly received power and generate the alternating current. A power converter for providing direct current (DC) based at least in part on alternating current,
A first rectifier circuit;
A first circuit connected to the first rectifier circuit comprising an inductor and a capacitor;
A second rectifier circuit comprising:
A current doubler rectifier circuit;
A full wave rectifier circuit electrically connected in series with the current doubler rectifier circuit, wherein the current doubler rectifier circuit includes two diodes shared with the full wave rectifier circuit of the second rectifier circuit. A full-wave rectifier circuit, wherein the output of the second rectifier circuit is connected to the output of the first rectifier circuit;
A second rectifier circuit comprising:
A power conversion device comprising: 32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the first circuit is configured to average the output of the first rectifier circuit.

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