JP5894050B2 - Image forming apparatus and image forming method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus for forming a plurality of dots on a recording medium by ejecting ink droplets containing a pigment as a coloring matter, and an image forming method using the apparatus.

  In recent years, with the dramatic advancement of inkjet technology, color large format printing that achieves both high speed and high image quality using an inkjet image forming apparatus is becoming possible. This apparatus is used in a wide range of fields especially for sign / display applications, and can be applied to, for example, printing of storefront POP (Point Of Purchase), wall posters, outdoor advertisements / signboards, and the like. In the inkjet method, a printed matter can be obtained by discharging a plurality of types of ink liquids on a recording medium to form a large number of dots. That is, countless colors can be reproduced on a recording medium by combining various dots having different sizes or colors.

  By the way, when an ink containing a pigment as a coloring matter is used, the particle diameter is relatively larger than that of the dye, and therefore, inclusions such as pigment tend to remain on the recording surface. In particular, there is a problem that gloss nonuniformity occurs on a gradation image, and as a result, the appearance (quality) of the image is deteriorated. This is because unevenness occurs even on the same image due to the discreteness and discontinuity of the dot arrangement rule. In view of this, various image forming methods have been proposed for making the degree of gloss generation substantially uniform over each density gradation region.

  Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for controlling the surface smoothness of an image by changing the position where ink droplets are ejected. In FIG. 17 of the same document, it is described that by reducing the surface smoothness (glossiness) in the low density gradation area, the variation in the glossiness over all density gradation areas is reduced.

  Patent Document 2 describes that a mask pattern having high (or low) dot dispersibility for each pass is used for a combination of inks having high (or low) glossiness during image recording.

JP 2010-284951 A JP 2008-162095 A

  By the way, according to the research and investigation of the present inventors, when a flat halftone image (halftone solid image) in a high density gradation region was formed, it was found that gloss banding can occur depending on the combination of the apparatus and ink. This result means that even if the dot arrangement is a regular image, the surface smoothness is locally impaired due to the image forming process such as the conveyance accuracy of the recording medium and the physical properties of the pigment ink.

  However, the apparatuses and methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 merely consider gloss nonuniformity between different densities as a problem, and nothing is referred to regarding gloss nonuniformity in a flat screen image. Not. In addition, the devices of Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not work for this new problem.

  SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is that it provides an image forming apparatus and an image forming method capable of suppressing the occurrence of gloss banding on a flat screen image caused by an image forming process. To do.

  An image forming apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus that forms a plurality of dots on a recording medium by ejecting ink droplets containing a pigment as a coloring matter, and is a different type of color group having different densities and hues. A recording head that discharges ink droplets of a plurality of colors including colors, and a conveying unit that relatively moves the recording head and the recording medium by conveying at least one of the recording head and the recording medium in a predetermined conveying direction. And a head driving circuit that drives and controls the recording head based on a control signal so as to generate an image by sequentially forming each dot under the relative movement by the conveying unit, The input image signal is supplied to the head drive circuit so that the rate at which dots are formed at the same position is lower in the low density gradation area and higher in the high density gradation area. Characterized in that it comprises an image processing unit for converting the serial control signal.

  In this way, the input image signal is head-driven so that the ratio of dots formed between different colors overlapped at the same position is lower in the low density gradation area and higher in the high density gradation area. Since the image processing unit for converting the control signal to be supplied to the circuit is provided, an image having higher surface smoothness in the lower density gradation region and lower surface smoothness in the higher density gradation region is formed.

  By suppressing the surface smoothness of the image in the high density gradation region, the ideally obtained glossiness is reduced, but robustness against local deterioration of the surface smoothness caused by the image forming process is increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of gloss banding on a flat screen image resulting from the image forming process.

  Note that, since the number of dots formed on the recording medium is small in the low density gradation region, the influence of gloss banding due to the image forming process is relatively small. Therefore, by reducing the rate at which dots between different colors are formed at the same position, the noise and graininess of the image can be reduced.

  Further, the image processing unit performs color conversion processing on the input image signal, and obtains a device color signal for each color channel corresponding to the plurality of colors, and the color conversion processing unit It is preferable to include a halftone processing unit that performs halftone processing by a systematic dither method using a threshold value matrix that is different for each color between the different colors for each of the obtained device color signals.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the threshold value matrix different for each color has a relationship in which threshold values in matrix elements of a reference threshold value matrix are sequentially shifted. Thereby, the overlapping degree of dots between different colors can be easily changed.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the dots formed to overlap at the same position on the recording medium have different densities and hues and have non-transparent single colors.

  An image forming method according to the present invention is a method using an image forming apparatus that forms a plurality of dots on a recording medium by ejecting ink droplets containing a pigment as a coloring matter. The recording head that discharges ink droplets of a plurality of colors including different colors that are different color groups from each other in density and hue, and at least one of the recording head and the recording medium is transported in a predetermined transport direction to perform the recording. The recording head is driven and controlled on the basis of a control signal so as to generate an image by sequentially forming each dot under the relative movement by the conveying unit, and a conveying unit that relatively moves the head and the recording medium. A ratio of the dots formed between the different colors overlapped at the same position, so that the lower density gradation area is lower and the higher density gradation area is higher, Characterized in that it comprises the step of converting the force image signal to the control signal to be supplied to the head drive circuit.

  According to the image forming apparatus and the image forming method according to the present invention, the rate at which dots between different colors are formed to be overlapped at the same position is lowered as the low density gradation region is increased and as the high density gradation region is increased. In this way, the input image signal is converted into a control signal supplied to the head drive circuit, so that an image having higher surface smoothness in the low density gradation region and lower surface smoothness in the high density gradation region is formed. Is done.

  By suppressing the surface smoothness of the image in the high density gradation region, the ideally obtained glossiness is reduced, but robustness against local deterioration of the surface smoothness caused by the image forming process is increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of gloss banding on a flat screen image resulting from the image forming process.

  Note that, since the number of dots formed on the recording medium is small in the low density gradation region, the influence of gloss banding due to the image forming process is relatively small. Therefore, by reducing the rate at which dots between different colors are formed at the same position, the noise and graininess of the image can be reduced.

FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view illustrating a first state of each dot formed on a recording medium using the image forming method according to the present embodiment. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line IB-IB in FIG. 1A. FIG. 2A is a schematic plan view showing a second state of each dot formed on the recording medium using the image forming method according to the present embodiment. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB in FIG. 2A. It is a functional block diagram of the image processing unit according to the present embodiment. It is a graph which shows an example of the characteristic curve of the light / dark table which concerns on this embodiment. It is a graph which shows an example of the characteristic curve of the different color table which concerns on this embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the halftone process by a systematic dither method. FIG. 7A is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a matrix element of the first matrix. FIG. 7B is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a matrix element of the second matrix. FIG. 7C is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a matrix element of the common matrix. 4 is a graph illustrating an example of an allocation characteristic of a plurality of dot sizes in the dot size allocation unit illustrated in FIG. 3. 9A and 9B are enlarged views of a height image that is formed by using the image forming method according to the comparative example and visualizes the uneven shape of the flat mesh image. FIG. 9C is a graph showing the angle distribution characteristic of the reflected light intensity. FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are enlarged views of a height image that is formed by using the image forming method according to the embodiment and visualizes the uneven shape of the flat mesh image. FIG. 10C is a graph showing an angle distribution characteristic of reflected light intensity. It is a figure which shows the sensory evaluation result of each flat net image. 1 is an external perspective view of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating a recording medium conveyance path in the image forming apparatus of FIG. 12. FIG. 13 is a plan perspective view illustrating an example of an arrangement form of a recording head, a temporary curing light source, and a main curing light source disposed on the carriage of FIG. 12. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ink supply system of the image forming apparatus. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an image forming apparatus. FIG. 17A is a schematic plan view illustrating a third state of each dot formed on the recording medium using the image forming method according to the modification of the present embodiment. FIG. 17B is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line XVIIB-XVIIB in FIG. 17A.

  The image forming method according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by giving preferred embodiments in relation to an image forming apparatus that carries out the image forming method. In this specification, forming an image may be referred to as “printing” or “printing”.

[Characteristics of Image Forming Method According to Present Embodiment]
FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view illustrating a first state of each dot formed on the recording medium 10 using the image forming method according to the present embodiment. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line IB-IB in FIG. 1A. In FIG. 1A, each lattice point of the square lattice Gr along the X direction and the Y direction indicates a target position where each dot can be formed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, dots of a plurality of colors are formed on the recording surface 12 of the recording medium 10, respectively. More specifically, three types of dots having different single colors (different colors) are formed.

  In the present specification, “single color” and “foreign color” mean a non-transparent color that differs in density and hue from any other color. In this example, dots 14Y having a yellow (Y) color, dots 14C having a cyan (C) color, and dots 14M having a magenta (M) color are arranged.

  Each droplet 14Y, 14C, and 14M is formed by ejecting droplets toward the recording medium 10 and attaching ink droplets onto the recording surface 12. The ink droplets contain a color material having a relatively low permeability to the recording medium 10, such as a pigment. By sequentially landing the Y dot 14Y and the C dot 14C at the same position, dots stacked in the Z direction (hereinafter referred to as stacked dots 16) are formed. Similarly, the Y dot 14Y and the M dot 14M are sequentially landed at the same position, whereby the stacked dot 18 is formed. Hereinafter, a droplet ejection method in which dots are sequentially landed at the same position to form the stacked dots 16 and 18 will be referred to as “overlapping”.

  In the present specification, “the dots are at the same position” means that the target position when ejecting the ink droplets is the same, and the landing position is shifted due to various error factors. It is also included.

  FIG. 2A is a schematic plan view showing a second state of each dot formed on the recording medium 10 using the image forming method according to the present embodiment. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB in FIG. 2A. In FIG. 2A, each lattice point of the square lattice Gr along the X direction and the Y direction indicates a target position where each dot can be formed, as in FIG. 1A.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, dots of a plurality of colors are formed on the recording surface 12 of the recording medium 10, respectively. Here, the point which lands each dot 14Y, 14C, and 14M in a different position differs from a 1st state (refer FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B). Hereinafter, a droplet ejection method in which the dots 14Y, 14C, and 14M are sequentially landed at different positions is referred to as “shifting strike”.

  In the present specification, “the dot is at a different position” means that the target position when ejecting the ink droplet is different, and the landing position is shifted due to various error factors. "Is not included.

  As understood from FIGS. 1B and 2B, the surface roughness in the first region A1 is larger than the surface roughness in the second region A2. In other words, the surface smoothness in the second region A2 is better than the surface smoothness in the first region A1. For this reason, the specular reflectance in 2nd area | region A2 becomes higher than the specular reflectance in 1st area | region A1.

[Configuration and Operation of Image Processing Unit 20]
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the image processing unit 20 according to the present embodiment. The image processing unit 20 basically includes a resolution conversion unit 22, a color conversion processing unit 24, a halftone processing unit 26, and a dot size allocation unit 28.

  An image signal (hereinafter referred to as an input image signal) input to the image processing unit 20 is multi-gradation data including a plurality of color channels. For example, 8-bit (256 gradations per pixel) RGB TIFF format data may be used.

  The resolution conversion unit 22 converts the resolution of the input image signal into a resolution corresponding to the image forming apparatus 100 (see FIG. 12 and the like) using an image enlargement / reduction process that enlarges or reduces the image size. The first intermediate image signal obtained here has the same data definition as the input image signal, but the data size is different. Various known algorithms including interpolation calculation may be applied to the image enlargement / reduction processing.

  The color conversion processing unit 24 converts the first intermediate image signal acquired from the resolution conversion unit 22 into a device color signal handled by the image forming apparatus 100 (see FIG. 12 and the like). Specifically, the color conversion processing unit 24 converts the RGB color signal into the CMYK color signal by reading and referring to the stored color conversion table 30. Thereafter, the color conversion processing unit 24 reads and refers to the stored light / dark table 32, thereby decomposing the device color signal of a specific color channel (for example, cyan) into a signal for each color channel of the similar color ( Separation).

  In this specification, “similar colors” means color groups having different densities and the same hue. For example, a “cyan” dot is a dot 14C having a cyan (C) color or a dot having a light cyan (LC) color. Further, if it is a “magenta” dot, it is a dot 14M having a magenta (M) color or a dot having a light magenta (LM) color.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of the characteristic curve of the density table 32 according to the present embodiment. Both the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the graph are gradation levels expressed in percentage (unit:%). Here, in order to easily distinguish each value, the horizontal axis is referred to as “input network%” and the vertical axis is referred to as “output network%”. In this example, dark color (dark ink) and light color (light ink) characteristic curves are shown together. Here, “dark color” and “light color” have the same hue and different density, and “dark color” means a color having a higher density.

  Regarding the characteristic curve of the dark ink, the value of the output mesh% is always 0 when the value of the input mesh% is in the range of 0 to 20%. When the value of the input network% exceeds 20%, the value of the output network% increases in proportion to the increase of the input network%. With respect to the characteristic curve of light ink, when the value of the input screen% is in the range of 0 to 35%, the value of the output screen% increases monotonously as the input screen% increases. In a range where the value of the input network% exceeds 35%, the value of the output network% increases substantially linearly as the input network% increases.

  As shown in the figure, except for the maximum value (0%) and the minimum value (100%) of the input network%, the light output network% is larger than the dark output network%. . That is, the color conversion processing unit 24 uses the light / dark table 32 so that the number of light color (LC, LM) dots is dark (C, M) over an arbitrary intermediate density gradation range except 0% and 100%. The color conversion processing is performed so as to be larger than the number of dots.

  In addition, the color conversion processing unit 24 reads out and refers to the stored different color table 34 so that the device color signal of a specific color channel (for example, yellow (Y), black (K)) Are separated (separated) into signals for each color channel.

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the characteristic curve of the different color table 34 according to the present embodiment. Both the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the graph are gradation levels expressed in percentage (unit:%). In this example, the characteristic curves of two kinds of single colors (single color inks) are shown together.

  Here, the characteristic curve of the single color ink A is, for example, the cyan characteristic curve of the dot 14C, and the characteristic curve of the single color ink B is the yellow characteristic curve of the dot 14Y. In the characteristic curve of the single color ink A, the value of the input screen% is 0 to 100%, that is, in the entire range, the value of the output screen% increases monotonously as the value of the input screen% increases. Similarly, in the characteristic curve of the single color ink B, the value of the output halftone monotonously increases as the value of the input halftone% increases in the entire range of the input halftone%. Note that, in the entire range of the input mesh% excluding 0% and 100%, the value of the output mesh% of the single color ink A is larger than the value of the output mesh% of the single color ink B.

  The second intermediate image signal obtained in this way corresponds to a multi-tone device color signal. For example, the color separation is performed into device color signals for each of six color channels of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), black (K), light cyan (LC), and light magenta (LM).

  The halftone processing unit 26 in FIG. 3 converts the second intermediate image signal acquired from the color conversion processing unit 24 into a dot on / off signal. For this halftone process, a systematic dither method, an error diffusion method, a density pattern method, a random dot method, or the like can be applied. In the present embodiment, description will be made centering on halftone processing using a systematic dither method.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory diagram of halftone processing by a systematic dither method. As an example, the concept of binarization using a Bayer-type threshold matrix (mask pattern) is shown. First, each address of the multi-value device color signal is associated with each matrix element of the threshold matrix. Then, the magnitude relationship between the pixel value of the pixel of interest and the threshold value of the matrix element of interest is compared, and if the pixel value is larger, “1 (on)” is assigned, otherwise Assigns “0 (off)”. In this way, the number of gradations of the image signal can be converted from multi-value to binary.

  FIG. 7A is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a matrix element of the first matrix 36. FIG. 7B is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a matrix element of the second matrix 38. Each number means a threshold (tone level) in each matrix element. The first matrix 36 and the second matrix 38 have a common size (a square of 4 rows and 4 columns in this example).

  As understood from FIGS. 7A and 7B, the arrangement of the threshold values is different among the 16 matrix elements. When the threshold values of the first matrix 36 and the second matrix 38 in a certain matrix element are Th1 and Th2, respectively, the relation of Th2 = 1 + {(Th1 + 3) mod 16} is satisfied in any matrix element. At this time, when [1] gradation level n is 1 ≦ n ≦ 4, the overlap number of “1” between both matrices is 0, and when [2] 4 <n ≦ 12, The overlap number of “1” is (n−4), and when [3] 12 <n ≦ 16, the overlap number of “1” is 2 (n−8).

  In this way, the second matrix 38 has a relationship in which the threshold values in the matrix elements of the first matrix 36 serving as a reference are permuted (sequentially) shifted. A plurality (the degree of overlapping of dots between similar colors) can be easily changed. Note that the threshold matrix creation method is not limited to this, and various methods may be used.

  FIG. 7C is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a matrix element of the common matrix 40. The common matrix 40 has a size common to the first matrix 36 and the second matrix 38 described above. The common matrix 40 is obtained by rotating the threshold value in each matrix element of the first matrix 36 as a reference by 90 degrees clockwise.

  Then, the halftone processing unit 26 converts the second intermediate image signal into a dot on / off signal by executing a systematic dither method using a different or the same threshold matrix for each separated color. To do. Specifically, the common matrix 40 is applied to each color between different colors, and the first matrix 36 and the second matrix 38 are applied to each color between similar colors. For example, the common matrix 40 is applied to Y of the dot 14Y and C of the dot 14C and Y of M and the M of the dot 14M shown in FIGS. 1A to 2B. On the other hand, the first matrix 36 is applied to C (or M), and the second matrix 38 is applied to LC (or LM).

  In contrast to the above application example, different threshold matrixes (first matrix 36 and second matrix 38) may be used for each color between different colors, or the same for each color between similar colors. It goes without saying that the threshold matrix (common matrix 40) may be used.

  The dot size assigning unit 28 in FIG. 3 performs any one of the plurality of pixels represented by the binary image signal acquired from the halftone processing unit 26 with respect to each position of the pixel in the on state (pixel value is 1). Assign dot sizes to each.

  The dot size assignment unit 28 appropriately controls the ejection of ink droplets by appropriately assigning “large size”, “medium size”, and “small size” to each pixel in the on state represented by the binary image signal. Control signals (signals used for controlling the recording head 106 in FIG. 13) are generated. The control signal obtained here is multi-value data for each color for controlling the presence or absence (on / off) of the ink ejection operation with respect to the recording head 106 or the amount of ink droplets to be ejected in time series. For example, the multi-value level “0” represents an off state, the multi-value level “1” represents an on-state (small size), the multi-value level “2” represents an on-state (medium size), and the multi-value level “ “3” represents an ON state (large size).

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of the allocation characteristics of a plurality of dot sizes in the dot size allocation unit 28 shown in FIG. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the gradation level (unit:%) expressed as a percentage. The vertical axis of the graph represents the dot recording rate (unit:%). The “dot recording rate” means a dot recording ratio (0 to 100%) with respect to the maximum number of dots that can form dots.

  Here, it is assumed that three types of dots of “large size”, “medium size”, and “small size” can be formed by the discharge control by the discharge control unit 168 (see FIG. 16). The size of dots that can be formed is not limited to three types, and may be two types or four or more types.

  As shown in this graph, the dot recording rate of “small size” increases monotonously in the gradation level range of 0 to 40%, and is constant (about 25%) in the gradation level range of 40 to 90%. Yes, it decreases monotonously in the gradation level range of 90 to 100%. The dot recording rate of “medium size” is 0% when the gradation level is in the range of 0 to 40%, monotonically increases in the range of the gradation level of 40 to 70%, and is within the range of the gradation level of 70 to 90%. Is constant (about 25%), and monotonously decreases in the gradation level range of 90 to 100%. The “large size” dot recording rate is 0% when the gradation level is in the range of 0 to 70%, and monotonously increases when the gradation level is in the range of 70 to 100%. As described above, by using only “small size” dots in the low density gradation region, a good image with suppressed graininess can be obtained.

  In this way, the image processing by the image processing unit 20 in FIG. 3 is completed. Thereafter, ink droplets of each color are ejected based on the control signal output from the image processing unit 20, and a desired image is formed on the recording medium 10.

  As a result, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the dots 14Y and 14C (or the dots 14Y and 14M) between the different colors are “shifted” in the low density gradation region (approximately the gradation level 0 to 30%). "Is formed. Similarly, in the high density gradation region (generally gradation level 70 to 100%), as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, dots 14Y and 14C (or dots 14Y and 14M) between different colors are “overlapped. "Is formed.

[Effects of this image forming method]
Next, functions and effects obtained by the image forming method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A to 11.

<Description of sample image>
Each sample image was prepared after two types of image processing were performed on a flat mesh image (halftone solid image) corresponding to C = 40% and M = 40% in the CMYK plate. As a “comparative example”, image processing was performed so that dots 14Y, 14C, 14M, and the like were arranged in the state shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B (shifting stroke). As an “Example”, image processing was performed so that the different colors and the dots 14Y and 14C overlap and the dots 14Y and 14M overlap.

<Sample image analysis results>
9A and 9B are enlarged views of a height image that is formed by using the image forming method according to the comparative example and visualizes the uneven shape of the flat mesh image. FIG. 9A shows a part of the image area corresponding to the first swath, and FIG. 9B shows a part of the image area corresponding to the second swath. 9A and 9B and FIGS. 10A and 10B to be described later, the surface position (the Z direction in FIG. 1A) is higher in the darker portion, and the surface position is higher in the lighter portion. Let it be low.

  FIG. 9C is a graph showing the angle distribution characteristic of the reflected light intensity. The horizontal axis of the graph is the observation angle (unit: deg), and the vertical axis is the reflected light intensity (unit: cd). In addition, this graph shows the actual measurement result using a commercially available goniophotometer, more specifically, the measurement value of the image in FIG. 9A is indicated by a solid line, and the measurement value of the image in FIG. 9B is indicated by a broken line. As shown in the figure, the observation angles are in the range of 0 to 25 [deg], and both are substantially the same. However, when the observation angle exceeds 25 [deg], there is a difference between the measured values. In other words, gloss nonuniformity (gloss banding) occurs for each swath even in a high density gradation area flat screen image. This is presumably because the surface smoothness was locally impaired due to the image forming process such as the conveyance accuracy of the recording medium 10 and the physical properties of the pigment ink.

  FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are enlarged views of a height image that is formed by using the image forming method according to the embodiment and visualizes the uneven shape of the flat mesh image. FIG. 10A shows a part of the image area corresponding to the first swath, and FIG. 10B shows a part of the image area corresponding to the second swath. FIG. 10C is a graph showing an angle distribution characteristic of reflected light intensity. In this graph, the measured value of the image in FIG. 10A is indicated by a solid line, and the measured value of the image in FIG. 10B is indicated by a broken line.

  As shown in FIG. 10C, the observation angles are substantially the same within the range of 0 to 50 [deg], and the gloss per swath is substantially uniform. That is, the occurrence of gloss banding in a high density gradation area flat screen image is suppressed. The reason for this will be described below.

  When “shifting” is adopted, the surface smoothness on the image recording surface 12 (see FIG. 2B) is excellent, but it is easily affected by local deterioration of the surface smoothness caused by the image forming process. . As a result, gloss nonuniformity occurs for each swath, and gloss banding tends to occur.

  On the other hand, by adopting “overstriking” in the high density gradation region and suppressing the surface smoothness on the image recording surface 12 (see FIG. 1B), the glossiness obtained ideally decreases. On the other hand, the robustness against local deterioration of the surface smoothness caused by the image forming process is increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of gloss banding on a flat screen image resulting from the image forming process.

<Sensory evaluation>
The three researchers visually observed each sample image of the comparative example and the example, and performed a sensory evaluation of the image quality. Specifically, for each image quality item of “gloss banding”, “granularity”, and “density unevenness”, a five-level evaluation of A, B, C, D, and E was performed in order from the highest evaluation.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the sensory evaluation results of each flat screen image. As a result of comprehensive evaluation, high evaluation was obtained in the order of the examples and comparative examples.

<Supplementary explanation>
(1) In the examples of FIGS. 1A to 2B, dots of the same size (for example, dots 14Y, 14C, and 14M) are formed in an overlapping manner. be able to. Similarly, the landing order of ink droplets having different shades and / or sizes of dots between different colors may be appropriately changed.

  (2) Moreover, in the example of FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, while forming the different color dots 14Y and 14C in an overlapping manner and forming the different color dots 14Y and 14M in an overlapping manner, in this embodiment, Any combination of dots of any color may be used as long as a plurality of dots of different colors are stacked in the Z direction. For example, C (cyan), M (magenta), or Y (yellow) dots may be stacked on K (black) dots formed on the recording surface 12. Further, K (black) dots may be stacked on C (cyan), M (magenta) or Y (yellow) dots formed on the recording surface 12. Further, LC (light cyan) or Lm (light magenta) dots may be stacked on K (black) dots formed on the recording surface 12. In order to suppress the influence on the tone curve, a dot having the lowest density among all colors is formed on the recording surface 12, and dots of other colors are stacked on the dot. preferable.

  (3) The above-described effects can be obtained regardless of whether the recording method is a single pass method or a multipass method. In the single pass method, a line head including a plurality of nozzles arranged along the width direction of the recording medium 10 is used to relatively move the recording medium 10 only once along a predetermined linear path, thereby generating an image. Is a recording method for generating. In the multi-pass method, an image is generated by relatively moving the recording medium 10 only once along the conveyance direction of the recording medium 10 while reciprocally scanning the recording head 106 along the width direction of the recording medium 10. This is a recording method and can be realized by an image forming apparatus 100 (see FIG. 12) described later.

[Overall Configuration of Image Forming Apparatus 100]
FIG. 12 is an external perspective view of the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. The image forming apparatus 100 is a wide format printer that forms a color image on a recording medium 10 using ultraviolet curable ink (UV curable ink). Here, the “wide format” printer means a device that supports A3 Nobi or higher.

  The image forming apparatus 100 includes an apparatus main body 102 and support legs 104 that support the apparatus main body 102. The apparatus main body 102 includes a drop-on-demand type recording head 106 that ejects ink toward the recording medium 10, a platen 108 that supports the recording medium 10, a guide mechanism 110 serving as a head moving unit (scanning unit), and a carriage. 112 is provided.

  The guide mechanism 110 is above the platen 108 along a scanning direction (Y direction) orthogonal to the conveyance direction (X direction) of the recording medium 10 and parallel to the medium support surface of the platen 108 (supporting surface of the recording medium 10). It is arranged to extend. The carriage 112 is supported so as to be able to reciprocate in the Y direction along the guide mechanism 110. The carriage 112 is mounted with a recording head 106 and temporary curing light sources 114 a and 114 b for irradiating the ink on the recording medium 10 with ultraviolet rays and main curing light sources 116 a and 116 b.

  The temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b are light sources that irradiate ultraviolet rays for temporarily curing the ink so that adjacent ink droplets do not coalesce after the ink droplets ejected from the recording head 106 have landed on the recording medium 10. It is. The main curing light sources 116a and 116b are light sources that irradiate ultraviolet rays for performing additional exposure after temporary curing and finally completely curing (main curing) the ink.

  The recording head 106, the temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b, and the main curing light sources 116a and 116b disposed on the carriage 112 move integrally with the carriage 112 along the guide mechanism 110. Hereinafter, the reciprocating direction of the carriage 112 may be referred to as “main scanning direction”, and the conveyance direction of the recording medium 10 (also simply referred to as “conveyance direction”) may be referred to as “sub-scanning direction”.

  As the recording medium 10, various media such as paper, non-woven fabric, vinyl chloride, synthetic chemical fiber, polyethylene, polyester, and tarpaulin can be used regardless of the material, regardless of whether they are permeable media or non-permeable media. it can. The recording medium 10 is fed from the back side of the apparatus in a roll paper state (see FIG. 13), and after printing, the recording medium 10 is taken up by a take-up roll 128 (see FIG. 13) on the front side of the apparatus. The ink droplets are ejected from the recording head 106 to the recording medium 10 conveyed on the platen 108, and the ink droplets adhering to the recording medium 10 are supplied from the temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b and the main curing light sources 116a and 116b. Each is irradiated with ultraviolet rays.

  A mounting portion 120 for the ink cartridge 118 is provided on the left front surface facing the front of the apparatus main body 102. The ink cartridge 118 is a replaceable ink supply source that stores ultraviolet curable ink. The ink cartridge 118 is provided corresponding to each color ink used in the image forming apparatus 100 of this example. Each color ink cartridge 118 is connected to the recording head 106 by an ink supply path (not shown) formed independently.

[Conveying path of recording medium 10]
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a conveyance path of the recording medium 10 in the image forming apparatus 100. As shown in the figure, the platen 108 is formed in an inverted bowl shape, and its upper surface serves as a support surface of the recording medium 10. In the vicinity of the platen 108 and on the upstream side in the X direction, a pair of nip rollers 122 which are conveying means for intermittently conveying the recording medium 10 are disposed. The nip roller 122 moves the recording medium 10 on the platen 108 in the X direction.

  The recording medium 10 sent out from a supply-side roll (feed-out supply roll 124) that constitutes a roll-to-roll type conveying means is intermittently moved in the X direction by a pair of nip rollers 122 provided at the entrance of the printing unit 126. Be transported. The recording medium 10 that has reached the printing unit 126 immediately below the recording head 106 is printed by the recording head 106, and is taken up by a take-up roll 128 after printing. A guide member 130 for guiding the recording medium 10 is provided on the downstream side in the X direction with respect to the printing unit 126.

  A temperature adjustment unit for adjusting the temperature of the recording medium 10 during printing is provided on the back surface of the platen 108 (the surface opposite to the surface supporting the recording medium 10) at the position facing the recording head 106 in the printing unit 126. 132 is provided. When the recording medium 10 at the time of printing is adjusted so as to have a predetermined temperature, the physical properties such as the viscosity of the ink droplets landed on the recording medium 10 and the surface tension become desired values, and a desired dot diameter is obtained. It becomes possible. If necessary, the pre-temperature control unit 134 may be provided on the upstream side in the X direction with respect to the temperature control unit 132, or the after-temperature control unit 136 may be provided on the downstream side in the X direction with respect to the temperature control unit 132.

[Description of Recording Head 106]
FIG. 14 is a perspective plan view showing an example of the arrangement of the recording head 106, the temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b, and the main curing light sources 116a and 116b disposed on the carriage 112. FIG.

  The recording head 106 has a color for each ink of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), black (K), light cyan (LC), light magenta (LM), and white (W). Nozzle rows 140Y, 140M, 140C, 140K, 140Lc, 140Lm, and 140W are provided for discharging the ink. In this figure, the nozzle rows are indicated by dotted lines, and the individual illustration of the nozzles is omitted. In the following description, the nozzle rows 140Y, 140M, 140C, 140K, 140Lc, 140Lm, and 140W may be collectively referred to as the nozzle row 140.

  The ink color type (number of colors) and the color combination are not limited to the present embodiment. For example, a form in which the LC and LM nozzle arrays 140 are omitted, a form in which the Y and W nozzle arrays 140 are omitted, and a form in which a nozzle array 140 that ejects special color ink is added are possible. The arrangement order of the nozzle rows 140 for each color is not particularly limited.

  By configuring a head module for each color nozzle row 140 and arranging them, the recording head 106 capable of forming a color image or a monochrome image can be configured. For example, the head modules 106Y, 106M, 106C, and 106K having nozzle arrays 140Y, 140M, 140C, 140K, 140Lc, 140Lm, and 140W that eject inks of colors Y, M, C, K, LC, LM, and W, respectively. , 106Lc, 106Lm, and 106W may be arranged at equal intervals so as to be aligned along the reciprocating movement direction (Y direction) of the carriage 112. It is also possible to interpret each color-specific head module (for example, the head module 106Y) as a “recording head”. Alternatively, a configuration in which an ink flow path is formed separately for each color within one recording head 106 and a nozzle row that discharges a plurality of colors of ink with one head is also possible.

  Each nozzle row 140 includes a plurality of nozzles arranged in a row along the Y direction at regular intervals. In the recording head 106 in this example, the arrangement pitch of nozzles constituting each nozzle row 140 is 254 μm, the number of nozzles constituting one nozzle row 140 is 256 nozzles, and the total length of the nozzle row 140 (the nozzles of the recording head 106). The column width Lw is about 65 mm (254 μm × 255 = 64.8 mm). The discharge frequency is 15 kHz, and three types of discharge amounts of 10 pl, 20 pl, and 30 pl can be determined by changing the drive waveform.

  As an ink ejection method of the recording head 106, a method (piezo jet method) in which ink droplets are ejected by deformation of a piezoelectric element (piezo actuator) is employed. In addition to a configuration using an electrostatic actuator (electrostatic actuator method) as an ejection energy generating element, a heating element (heating element) such as a heater is used to heat ink to generate bubbles and to eject ink droplets with that pressure. It is also possible to adopt a form (thermal jet system).

[Explanation of UV irradiation equipment]
As shown in FIG. 14, provisional curing light sources 114 a and 114 b are arranged on the left and right sides of the recording head 106 in the scanning direction (Y direction). Further, main curing light sources 116 a and 116 b are arranged on the downstream side in the transport direction (X direction) of the recording head 106.

  The ink droplets ejected from the nozzles of the recording head 106 and landed on the recording medium 10 are immediately irradiated with ultraviolet rays for temporary curing by the temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b passing thereover. Ink droplets on the recording medium 10 that have passed through the printing unit 126 (see FIG. 13) as the recording medium 10 is intermittently conveyed are irradiated with ultraviolet rays for main curing by the main curing light sources 116a and 116b.

  Each of the temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b has a structure in which a plurality of UV-LED elements 142 are arranged. The two temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b have a common configuration. The six UV-LED elements 142 are arranged so that UV irradiation can be performed at once on a region having the same width as the nozzle row width Lw of the recording head 106.

  Each of the main curing light sources 116a and 116b has a structure in which a plurality of UV-LED elements 144 are arranged. The two main curing light sources 116a and 116b have a common configuration. In the main curing light sources 116a and 116b, six UV-LED elements 144 in the Y direction and two in the X direction are arranged in a matrix.

  In addition, the number of LED elements in the temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b (or the main curing light sources 116a and 116b) and the arrangement form thereof are not limited to this example.

[Description of ink supply system]
FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ink supply system of the image forming apparatus 100. As shown in the drawing, the ink stored in the ink cartridge 118 is sucked by the supply pump 146 and sent to the recording head 106 via the sub tank 148. The sub tank 148 is provided with a pressure adjusting unit 150 for adjusting the pressure of the ink inside.

  The pressure adjusting unit 150 includes a valve 152, a pressure increasing / decreasing pump 154 communicated with the sub tank 148 via the valve 152, and a pressure gauge 156 provided between the valve 152 and the pressure increasing / decreasing pump 154.

  During normal printing, the pressure increasing / decreasing pump 154 operates in a direction to suck ink in the sub tank 148. Thereby, the internal pressure of the sub tank 148 and the internal pressure of the recording head 106 are maintained at a negative pressure.

  On the other hand, during maintenance of the recording head 106, the pressure increasing / decreasing pump 154 operates in a direction to pressurize the ink in the sub tank 148. As a result, the inside of the sub tank 148 and the inside of the recording head 106 are forcibly pressurized, and the ink in the recording head 106 is discharged through each nozzle row 140 (see FIG. 14).

[Description of Control System of Image Forming Apparatus 100]
FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the image forming apparatus 100. As shown in the figure, the image forming apparatus 100 includes a control device 160 as control means. As the control device 160, for example, a computer equipped with a central processing unit (CPU) can be used. The control device 160 functions as a control device that controls the entire image forming apparatus 100 according to the read program, and also functions as a calculation device that performs various calculations.

  The control device 160 includes a recording medium conveyance control unit 162, a carriage drive control unit 164, a light source control unit 166, an image processing unit 20 (see FIG. 3), and an ejection control unit 168. Each of these units is realized by a hardware circuit or software, or a combination thereof.

  The recording medium conveyance control unit 162 controls a conveyance driving unit 170 (conveying means) for conveying the recording medium 10 (see FIG. 13). The conveyance drive unit 170 includes a drive motor that drives a pair of nip rollers 122 (see the same figure) and a drive circuit thereof. The recording medium 10 conveyed on the platen 108 (see the same figure) is intermittently fed in the sub-scanning direction in units of swath widths in accordance with the reciprocal scanning (movement of the printing pass) in the main scanning direction by the recording head 106.

  The carriage drive control unit 164 controls a main scanning drive unit 172 (conveying means) for moving the carriage 112 (see FIG. 12) in the main scanning direction. The main scanning drive unit 172 includes a drive motor connected to a moving mechanism of the carriage 112 and a control circuit thereof.

  The encoder 174 is attached to the drive motor of the main scanning drive unit 172 and the drive motor of the transport drive unit 170, and outputs a pulse signal corresponding to the rotation amount and rotation speed of the drive motor. The pulse signal is sent to the control device 160. Based on the pulse signal output from the encoder 174, the position of the carriage 112 and the position of the recording medium 10 are grasped.

  The light source control unit 166 adjusts the amount of light emitted from the temporary curing light sources 114a and 114b (UV-LED element 142) via the LED drive circuit 176, and the main curing light sources 116a and 116b (UV−) via the LED drive circuit 178. It is a control means for adjusting the light emission amount of the LED element 144).

  The LED drive circuits 176 and 178 output a voltage having a voltage value corresponding to a command from the light source control unit 166 to adjust the light emission amount of the UV-LED elements 142 and 144. The adjustment of the light emission amount may be performed by changing the duty ratio and frequency of the drive waveform instead of changing the voltage.

  An input device 180 such as an operation panel and a display device 182 are connected to the control device 160. The input device 180 is means for inputting a manual external operation signal to the control device 160. For example, various forms such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, and operation buttons can be adopted. Various forms such as a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, and a CRT can be adopted for the display device 182. The operator can input printing conditions and input / edit attached information by operating the input device 180. Further, the operator can confirm various information such as input contents and search results through the display on the display device 182.

  In addition, the image forming apparatus 100 is provided with an information storage unit 184 that stores various types of information and an image input I / F 186 for capturing an input image signal. As the image input I / F 186, a serial interface or a parallel interface may be applied. In this part, a buffer memory (not shown) for speeding up communication may be mounted.

  The information storage unit 184 stores a program executed by a CPU (not shown) included in the control device 160 and various data necessary for control. As data stored in the information storage unit 184, for example, the color separation conditions (color conversion table 30, density table 32, different color table 34) and threshold matrix (first matrix 36, second matrix 38, etc.) shown in FIG. Common matrix 40) and the like.

  The image processing unit 20 performs desired image processing on the input image signal acquired via the image input I / F 186, thereby generating a control signal used for ink droplet ejection control. The image processing unit 20 illustrated in FIG. 3 basically includes a resolution conversion unit 22, a color conversion processing unit 24, a halftone processing unit 26, and a dot size assignment unit 28. Since the function and operation of each part are as described above, the description thereof is omitted.

  The ejection control unit 168 generates an ejection control signal for the head driving circuit 188 based on the control signal acquired from the image processing unit 20. A common drive voltage signal is applied to each ejection energy generating element of the recording head 106 via the head driving circuit 188, and is connected to the individual electrode of each energy generating element according to the ejection timing of each nozzle (not shown). By switching on / off of the switch elements, ink droplets are ejected from the corresponding nozzles in the nozzle row 140 (see FIG. 14).

[Effect of the present invention]
As described above, the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment ejects ink droplets of a plurality of colors including different colors (for example, Y and C, Y and M) which are color groups having different densities and hues. Conveying means (conveying drive) that relatively moves the recording head 106 and the recording medium 10 by conveying the recording head 106 and at least one of the recording head 106 and the recording medium 10 in a predetermined conveying direction (X direction, Y direction). Unit 170, main scanning drive unit 172), and a head drive circuit 188 that drives and controls the recording head 106 based on a control signal so as to form an image by sequentially forming each dot under this relative movement. Prepare.

  Then, the ratio of the dots 14Y and 14C (14Y and 14M) between different colors to be formed at the same position is input so that the lower density gradation area is lower and the higher density gradation area is higher. Since the image processing unit 20 that converts the image signal into a control signal supplied to the head driving circuit 188 is provided, the surface smoothness is higher in the low density gradation area and the surface smoothness is lower in the high density gradation area. An image is formed.

  By suppressing the surface smoothness of the image in the high density gradation region, the ideally obtained glossiness is reduced, but robustness against local deterioration of the surface smoothness caused by the image forming process is increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of gloss banding on a flat screen image resulting from the image forming process.

  Note that, since the number of dots formed on the recording medium 10 is small in the low density gradation region, the influence of gloss banding due to the image forming process is relatively small. Therefore, by reducing the rate at which dots between different colors are formed at the same position, the noise and graininess of the image can be reduced.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, Of course, it can change freely in the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention.

  For example, the present invention is not limited to graphic art (printing) applications, but is used for electronic circuit board wiring drawing apparatuses, various device manufacturing apparatuses, and resist printing using a resin liquid as a functional liquid for ejection (corresponding to “ink”). The present invention can be variously applied to an image forming apparatus capable of forming an image pattern, such as an apparatus or a fine structure forming apparatus.

  As shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, in the third state, the area surrounded by the two-dot chain line represents the collective unit 15 of the dots 14Y, 14C, 14M, and 14W of the respective colors, and the pixels that are the image forming units. In corresponding cases, the stacked dots 17, 19, 21 may be formed in the collective unit 15.

  The stacked dot 17 is formed by sequentially landing the Y dot 14Y and the C dot 14C at the position P1c (first position). The stacked dot 19 is formed by sequentially landing the Y dot 14Y and the M dot 14M at the position P2 (second position). The stacked dots 21 are formed by sequentially landing white (W) dots 14W and Y dots 14Y at a position P1m (first position). Outside the collective unit 15, dots 14Y and dots 14Lc having a light cyan (LC) color are arranged.

  As described above, even when the plurality of stacked dots 17, 19, and 21 are formed in the collective unit 15, the above-described effects of the present embodiment can be obtained. Further, by arranging the pile heights at the respective positions P1c, P1m, and P2 for the stacked dots 17, 19, and 21 of the primary colors and mixed colors (for example, secondary colors), the relief feeling of the image is also suppressed. be able to.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Recording medium 14Y (C, Lc, Lm, M, W) ... Dot 15 ... Collective unit 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 ... Stacked dot 20 ... Image processing part 22 ... Resolution conversion part 24 ... Color conversion processing part 26 ... Halftone processing unit 28 ... Dot size allocation unit 30 ... Color conversion table 32 ... Shading table 34 ... Different color table 36 ... First matrix 38 ... Second matrix 40 ... Common matrix 100 ... Image forming device 106 ... Recording head 160 ... Control device 170 ... Conveyance drive unit 172 ... Main scan drive unit 184 ... Information storage unit 186 ... Image input I / F
188 ... Head drive circuit

Claims (5)

An image forming apparatus for forming a plurality of dots on a recording medium by ejecting ink droplets containing a pigment as a coloring matter,
A recording head that ejects ink droplets of a plurality of colors including different colors that are different color groups in density and hue; and
Conveying means for relatively moving the recording head and the recording medium by conveying at least one of the recording head and the recording medium in a predetermined conveying direction;
A head driving circuit that drives and controls the recording head based on a control signal so as to generate an image by sequentially forming dots under the relative movement by the conveying unit;
The input image signal is converted into the head drive circuit so that the ratio of the dots between the different colors formed at the same position is lowered in the lower density gradation area and higher in the higher density gradation area. An image processing apparatus comprising: an image processing unit that converts the control signal to be supplied to the control signal. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
The image processing unit
A color conversion processing unit that performs color conversion processing on the input image signal and obtains a device color signal for each color channel according to the plurality of colors;
A halftone processing unit that applies halftone processing to each device color signal obtained by the color conversion processing unit by a systematic dither method using a different threshold matrix for each color between different colors. An image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2.
2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the threshold value matrix different for each color has a relationship in which the threshold values in the matrix elements of the reference threshold value matrix are sequentially shifted. The image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The image forming apparatus, wherein the dots formed to overlap at the same position on the recording medium have different densities and hues and have non-transparent single colors. A method using an image forming apparatus that forms a plurality of dots on a recording medium by ejecting ink droplets containing a pigment as a coloring matter,
The image forming apparatus includes:
A recording head that ejects ink droplets of a plurality of colors including different colors that are different color groups in density and hue; and
Conveying means for relatively moving the recording head and the recording medium by conveying at least one of the recording head and the recording medium in a predetermined conveying direction;
A head driving circuit that drives and controls the recording head based on a control signal so as to generate an image by sequentially forming the dots under the relative movement by the conveying unit;
The input image signal is converted into the head drive circuit so that the ratio of the dots between the different colors formed at the same position is lowered in the lower density gradation area and higher in the higher density gradation area. An image forming method comprising: converting the control signal into the control signal.

Images