JP5856471B2 - Depressurization system with wear reduction function and reactor equipped with the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is, for example, a wear reducing function capable of discharging a liquid in a supercritical state or a subcritical state containing an abrasive powder by a pressure reducing valve to discharge at least a gas and an abrasive powder. The present invention relates to a pressure-reducing system with a pressure sensor and a reaction apparatus including the same. Note that flash depressurization refers to depressurizing a liquid to vaporize at least a part thereof.

  For example, FIG. 5 shows a decompression system that can discharge a liquid in a supercritical state or subcritical state containing abradable particulates by using a pressure reducing valve to discharge at least a gas and abradable particulates. The present inventors consider what is shown. The pressure reducing system 1 includes a pressure reducing valve 2. An inlet side pipe 3 is connected to the inlet of the pressure reducing valve 2, and an outlet side pipe 4 is connected to the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 2. The inlet side pipe 3 is provided with a first temperature detector T1 and a first pressure detector P1, and the outlet side pipe 4 is provided with a third temperature detector T3 and a third pressure detector P3. Yes.

  The first temperature detector T1 detects the temperature of the liquid flowing into the inlet of the pressure reducing valve 2 and generates a first measured temperature signal t1, and the first pressure detector P1 detects the pressure of the liquid. Thus, the first measurement pressure signal p1 is generated.

  The third temperature detector T3 detects the temperature of the gas discharged from the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 2 and generates a third measurement temperature signal t3. The third pressure detector P3 detects the pressure of the gas. It detects and produces | generates the 3rd measurement pressure signal p3.

  According to the pressure reducing system 1, the pressure of the liquid flowing into the inlet of the pressure reducing valve 2 (first measurement pressure signal p1) is the saturation pressure (first saturation pressure signal) at the temperature of the liquid (first measurement temperature signal t1). The opening degree of the pressure reducing valve 2 (the pressure on the inlet side of the pressure reducing valve 2) is adjusted so as to be higher than p1s). As a result, the liquid on the inlet side of the pressure reducing valve 2 can be prevented from being flushed (vaporized). For example, when the set pressure of the pressure reducing valve 2 is p1t, this p1t is set so that the relationship of p1t> p1s + α (MPa) is established.

  Further, when the liquid passing through the pressure reducing valve 2 passes through a narrow gap between the valve body of the pressure reducing valve 2 and the valve seat, the liquid is depressurized and reduced in temperature and flushed. At this time, the pressure of the liquid and gas discharged from the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 2 (third measurement pressure signal p3) is equal to the saturation pressure (third saturation pressure p3s) at the temperature of the liquid and gas (third measurement temperature signal t3). ).

  A conventional example close to such a decompression system 1 is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-264863.

JP 2008-264663 A

  However, in the decompression system 1 shown in FIG. 5, for example, a supercritical or subcritical liquid containing an abrasive powder is flash-depressed with the decompression valve 2 to include at least a gas and an abrasive powder. When used in a discharge application, wear and damage of the valve body, valve seat, and inner surface of the valve body of the pressure reducing valve 2 progresses in a short time, and the number of times the pressure reducing valve 2 is replaced or repaired increases. Life is shortened. As a result, the cost for the decompression system 1 increases.

  Incidentally, the pressure reduction ratio of the pressure reducing valve 2 is, for example, 18.4 (= 4.6 MPa: 0.25 MPa).

  The wear and damage of the valve body, the valve seat, and the valve body inner surface of the pressure reducing valve 2 proceeds in a short time as described above because the pressure reducing ratio when the liquid is flushed and reduced by the pressure reducing valve 2 (= 18.4). This is because the volumetric expansion rate and flow rate of the gas discharged from the pressure reducing valve 2 and the flow rate of the abrasive particles contained in the liquid become very large.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and reduces the wear and damage of the valve body, the valve seat, and the valve body inner surface of the pressure reducing valve by liquid, gas, and wearable particulate matter. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a pressure reducing system with a wear reducing function capable of extending the life of the pressure reducing valve and a reaction apparatus including the pressure reducing system.

  The pressure reducing system with wear reducing function according to the present invention includes a first pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of a liquid in a supercritical state or a subcritical state containing an abrasive powder flowing in from an inlet and discharging the liquid as a liquid from the outlet, A cooler that cools and discharges the liquid discharged from the outlet of the first pressure reducing valve as a liquid, and includes at least gas and abradable particulate matter by flash-reducing the pressure of the liquid discharged from the cooler And a second pressure-reducing valve that discharges as described above.

  According to the pressure reducing system with wear reducing function according to the present invention, first, the first pressure reducing valve reduces the pressure of the liquid in the supercritical state or subcritical state containing the wearable particulate matter flowing in from the inlet and from the outlet. The liquid discharged from the outlet of the first pressure reducing valve can then be cooled by a cooler and discharged as a liquid. And the liquid discharged | emitted from a cooler can be discharged | emitted as what contains at least gas and a wearable granular material by carrying out flash pressure reduction (a liquid is pressure-reduced and vaporized) with a 2nd pressure-reduction valve.

  Thus, when the pressure of the liquid is reduced and discharged as containing gas and wearable particulate matter (or when taking out), first, the pressure of the liquid is reduced by the first pressure reducing valve. Since the pressure reducing ratio of the two pressure reducing valves can be reduced, the volume expansion rate and the flow rate of the gas discharged from the second pressure reducing valve and the liquid and liquid when the liquid is flash depressurized by the second pressure reducing valve. The flow rate of the abrasive particles contained in can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce wear and damage of, for example, the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body of the second pressure reducing valve due to the gas and the abrasive particles.

  Since the first pressure reducing valve reduces the pressure of the liquid flowing in from the inlet and discharges it as liquid from the outlet, the volume expansion rate and flow velocity of the liquid discharged from the first pressure reducing valve are compared with the case of gas. And can be kept low. Therefore, wear and damage of, for example, the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body of the first pressure reducing valve due to the gas and the abrasive particles can be suppressed.

  In addition, after the liquid decompressed and discharged by the first pressure reducing valve is cooled by the cooler, the cooled liquid is flash depressurized by the second pressure reducing valve, so that it is discharged from the second pressure reducing valve. The pressure at which the liquid flush (vaporization) is started can be suppressed to a low pressure. As a result, the volume expansion rate and flow rate of the gas discharged from the second pressure reducing valve, and the flow rate of the wearable particulate matter contained in the liquid and the liquid can be reduced.

  In the pressure reducing system with wear reducing function according to the present invention, a first measurement temperature signal is generated by detecting the temperature of the liquid that is provided at the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve and flows from the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve. A temperature detector, a first pressure detector for detecting a pressure of the liquid and generating a first measurement pressure signal, and a pressure of the liquid at the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve is a first pressure in the first measurement temperature signal. It is preferable to include first control means for controlling the opening of the first pressure reducing valve based on the first measured temperature signal and the first measured pressure signal so as to be higher than the saturation pressure.

  In this way, the first temperature detector can detect the temperature of the liquid flowing in from the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve to generate the first measurement temperature signal, and the first pressure detector The pressure of the liquid can be detected to generate a first measurement pressure signal. In addition, the first control means may be configured so that the pressure of the liquid flowing from the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve (first measurement pressure signal) is higher than the first saturation pressure in the first measurement temperature signal. The opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve can be controlled based on the temperature signal and the first measured pressure signal. As a result, when the pressure of the liquid is reduced by the first pressure reducing valve, it is possible to prevent the liquid from being flushed (vaporized) on the inlet side of the first pressure reducing valve. For example, wear and damage of the first pressure reducing valve, for example, the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body can be reliably suppressed.

  In the pressure reducing system with wear reducing function according to the present invention, the second measurement is performed by detecting the temperature of the liquid provided between the outlet of the cooler and the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve and flowing out from the outlet of the cooler. A second temperature detector for generating a temperature signal; a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting a flow rate of a cooling medium used in the cooler; and a temperature of a liquid at an outlet of the cooler to be a predetermined set temperature. And a second control means for controlling the opening degree of the flow control valve based on the second measured temperature signal.

  If it does in this way, the 2nd temperature detector can detect the temperature of the liquid which flows out from the exit of a cooler, and can generate the 2nd measured temperature signal. The flow rate adjusting valve can adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium used in the cooler, thereby changing the cooling capacity capable of cooling the liquid flowing from the inlet of the cooler. The second control means can control the opening degree of the flow control valve so that the temperature of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler (second measurement temperature signal) becomes a predetermined cooling set temperature. Accordingly, it is possible to control the pressure at which the liquid discharged from the second pressure reducing valve starts to be a desired pressure. Therefore, it is possible to control the liquid discharged from the second pressure reducing valve, the volume expansion rate and flow rate of the gas, and the flow rate of the abrasive particles within a predetermined range.

  In the pressure reducing system with a wear reducing function according to the present invention, a second measurement is performed by detecting a pressure of a liquid provided between the outlet of the cooler and the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve and flowing out from the outlet of the cooler. A second pressure detector for generating a pressure signal; and the second measured temperature signal such that the pressure of the liquid discharged from the outlet of the cooler is higher than the second saturated pressure in the second measured temperature signal. And third control means for controlling the opening of the second pressure reducing valve based on the second measured pressure signal.

  In this way, the second pressure detector can detect the pressure of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler and generate a second measurement pressure signal. The third control means applies the second measurement temperature signal and the second measurement pressure signal so that the pressure of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler is higher than the second saturation pressure in the second measurement temperature signal. Based on this, the opening degree of the second pressure reducing valve can be controlled. As a result, when the liquid flowing in from the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve is subjected to flash pressure reduction, and the liquid, gas, and abrasive particles are discharged from the outlet, the liquid on the inlet side of the second pressure reducing valve is flushed (vaporized). ) Can be controlled not to. Therefore, wear and damage of the inner surface of the second pressure reducing valve such as the valve body, the valve seat, and the valve main body due to the liquid, gas, and abrasive particles can be reliably suppressed.

  In the decompression system with a wear reduction function according to the present invention, the third control means is configured so that the pressure of the liquid discharged from the outlet of the cooler is higher than the second saturation pressure in the second measured temperature signal. The opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve may be controlled based on the second measured temperature signal and the second measured pressure signal.

  If it does in this way, the 3rd control means will be the 2nd measurement temperature signal and the 2nd measurement pressure so that the pressure of the liquid which flows out from the exit of a cooler may become higher than the 2nd saturation pressure in the 2nd measurement temperature signal. Based on the signal, the opening of the first pressure reducing valve can be controlled in addition to the second pressure reducing valve. Accordingly, when the pressure of the liquid is reduced by the first pressure reducing valve, the first pressure reducing valve can be controlled so that the liquid on the inlet side of the second pressure reducing valve does not flush (vaporize). Therefore, for example, the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body of the second pressure reducing valve due to the gas and the abrasive powder can be reliably prevented from being worn or damaged.

  A reaction apparatus according to the present invention includes a reaction tank for hydrothermally treating an object to be treated in a supercritical state or a subcritical state, and a hydrothermal treatment of the object to be treated in the reaction tank. An extraction part for taking out the liquid containing the obtained wearable particulate matter as liquid, gas and wearable particulate matter, and the decompression system with wear reduction function according to the present invention is provided in the removal part It is characterized by being.

  According to the reaction apparatus of the present invention, the object to be treated can be hydrothermally treated in a supercritical state or a subcritical state in a reaction tank, and the wear property obtained by hydrothermally treating the object to be treated in this reaction tank. The liquid containing the particulate matter can be taken out from the take-out portion as containing at least gas and the wearable particulate matter by flash decompression in the same manner as described above by the decompression system with wear reducing function of the present invention.

  According to the pressure reducing system with wear reducing function and the reaction apparatus including the same according to the present invention, for example, the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body of the first and second pressure reducing valves made of liquid, gas, and wearable particulate matter. Since it is configured to reduce wear and damage, the number of replacements and repairs of the first and second pressure reducing valves can be reduced, and the life of the pressure reducing system with wear reducing function can be extended. Can do. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost of the decompression system with a wear reduction function.

It is a figure which shows the decompression system with a wear reduction function which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a control block diagram of the decompression system with a wear reduction function shown in FIG. It is a ph diagram for demonstrating the decompression system with a wear reduction function shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram of the bioethanol manufacturing equipment containing the reaction apparatus provided with the pressure reduction system with an abrasion reduction function shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the conventional pressure reduction system.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a decompression system with a wear reduction function and a reaction apparatus including the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This decompression system 11 with wear reduction function is shown in FIG. 1, and for example, supercritical or subcritical liquid containing wearable particulate matter is decompressed by the first decompression valve 12 (first decompression step). Next, the decompressed liquid is cooled by the cooler 13 (cooling step), and then the cooled liquid is flash decompressed by the second decompression valve 14 to at least gas and wearable particulate matter. (For example, a slurry containing liquid, gas, and solid) can be discharged (second decompression step).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the pressure reducing system 11 with the wear reducing function has a first pipe 15 connected to the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12. The outlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12 and the inlet of the cooling pipe 19 are connected by a second pipe 16. The cooling pipe 19 is provided in the cooler 13. The cooling pipe 19 is provided with a cooling medium pipe 20, and the liquid flowing through the cooling pipe 19 can be cooled and discharged as a liquid by the cooling medium flowing through the cooling medium pipe 20.

  Further, a flow rate adjusting valve 21 is provided in the middle of the outlet side pipe 20 a of the cooling medium pipe 20, and the flow rate adjusting valve 21 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling medium pipe 20. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the outlet of the cooling pipe 19 and the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve 14 are connected by a third pipe 17, and the fourth pipe 18 is connected to the outlet of the second pressure reducing valve 14. .

  The first pressure reducing valve 12 is capable of reducing the pressure of a supercritical state or subcritical state liquid containing, for example, abradable particulate matter flowing in from the inlet and discharging it as a liquid from the outlet.

  The cooler 13 can cool the liquid discharged from the outlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12 and discharge it as a liquid.

  The second pressure reducing valve 14 flashes and depressurizes the liquid discharged from the cooler 13 and discharges at least gas and wearable particulate matter.

  Further, each of the first and second pressure reducing valves 12 and 14 can adjust the set pressure of the primary pressure, and the set pressure of the primary pressure is output from the control unit 22 described later. Two set pressure control signals p1ts and p2ts are adjusted. Further, the flow rate adjusting valve 21 is configured so that the set flow rate is adjusted by a set flow rate control signal Qts output from the control unit 22.

  A first temperature detector T1 and a first pressure detector P1 are provided near the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12 of the first pipe 15. A fourth temperature detector T4 and a fourth pressure detector P4 are provided at the inlet of the cooling pipe 19, and a second temperature detector T2 and a second pressure detector P2 are provided at the outlet of the cooling pipe 19. It has been. Further, a third temperature detector T3 and a third pressure detector P3 are provided in the vicinity of the outlet of the second pressure reducing valve 14 of the fourth pipe 18.

  The first temperature detector T1 detects the temperature of the liquid flowing into the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12 and generates the first measurement temperature signal t1, and the first pressure detector P1 is the pressure of the liquid. Is detected and a first measurement pressure signal p1 is generated.

  The fourth temperature detector T4 detects the temperature of the liquid flowing into the inlet of the cooling pipe 19 and generates a fourth measured temperature signal t4. The fourth pressure detector P4 detects the pressure of the liquid. Thus, the fourth measurement pressure signal p4 is generated.

  The second temperature detector T2 detects the temperature of the liquid discharged from the outlet of the cooling pipe 19 and generates a second measured temperature signal t2. The second pressure detector P2 detects the pressure of the liquid. It detects and produces | generates the 2nd measurement pressure signal p2.

  The third temperature detector T3 detects the temperature of the liquid and gas discharged from the outlet of the second pressure reducing valve 14 and generates a third measurement temperature signal t3. The third pressure detector P3 The pressure of the liquid and the gas is detected to generate the third measurement pressure signal p3.

  FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the decompression system 11 with a wear reduction function shown in FIG. The first to fourth temperature detectors T1 to T4, the first to fourth pressure detectors P1 to P4, the first and second pressure reducing valves 12 and 14, and the flow rate adjusting valve 21 are electrically connected to the control unit 22. doing.

  The control unit 22 is configured by a central processing unit, and can perform various calculations and processes according to a predetermined program stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown). The control unit 22 includes first, second, and third control means.

  The first control means is configured so that the pressure p1 of the liquid at the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12 is higher than the first saturation pressure p1s in the first measured temperature signal t1 of the liquid (so that the liquid does not flush). Based on the first measurement temperature signal t1 and the first measurement pressure signal p1, the opening K1 of the first pressure reducing valve 12 (the pressure of the liquid on the inlet side of the first pressure reducing valve 12) is controlled.

  The second control means controls the opening K3 of the flow control valve 21 based on the second measured temperature signal t2 so that the temperature t2 of the liquid at the outlet of the cooler 13 becomes a predetermined set temperature tse. is there.

  The third control means is configured so that the pressure p2 of the liquid discharged from the outlet of the cooler 13 is higher than the second saturation pressure p2s in the second measured temperature signal t2 of the liquid (so that the liquid does not flush). Based on the second measured temperature signal t2 and the second measured pressure signal p2, the openings K1 and K2 of the first and second pressure reducing valves 12 and 14 (the pressure of the liquid on the inlet side of the second pressure reducing valve 14) are controlled. To do.

  Next, the operation of the decompression system 11 with a wear reduction function configured as described above will be described. For example, first, the first pressure reducing valve 12 can depressurize the pressure of the supercritical or subcritical liquid containing abrasive particles flowing from the inlet and discharge it as a liquid from the outlet. The liquid discharged from the outlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12 can be cooled by the cooler 13 and discharged as a liquid. Then, the liquid discharged from the cooler 13 is flash-depressurized with the second pressure reducing valve 14 (at least part of the liquid is vaporized), and includes at least a gas and an abrasive powder, for example, Gases, liquids, and abrasive powders can be discharged.

  Thus, when the pressure of the liquid is reduced and discharged (or taken out) as containing at least gas and abrasive particles, first, the pressure of the liquid is reduced by the first pressure reducing valve 12. Since the pressure reduction ratio in the second pressure reducing valve 14 can be reduced, the volume expansion rate and flow rate of the gas discharged from the second pressure reducing valve 14 when the liquid is flash depressurized with the second pressure reducing valve 14, In addition, the flow rate of the liquid and the wearable particulate matter contained in the liquid can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce wear and damage of, for example, the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body of the second pressure reducing valve 14 due to the gas and the abrasive particles.

  The first pressure reducing valve 12 reduces the pressure of the liquid flowing in from the inlet and discharges the liquid as the liquid from the outlet. Therefore, the volume expansion rate and the flow rate of the liquid discharged from the first pressure reducing valve 12 are set in the case of gas. Compared to, it can be kept low. Therefore, the wear and damage of, for example, the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body of the first pressure reducing valve 12 due to the gas and the abrasive particles can be suppressed.

  Further, after the liquid decompressed and discharged by the first pressure reducing valve 12 is cooled by the cooler 13, the cooled liquid is flash depressurized by the second pressure reducing valve 14. The pressure at which the flushing (vaporization) of the liquid discharged from the tank is started can be suppressed to a low pressure. As a result, the volume expansion rate and flow rate of the gas discharged from the second pressure reducing valve 14 and the flow rate of the wearable particulate matter contained in the liquid and the liquid can be reduced.

  Therefore, according to the pressure reducing system 11 with the wear reducing function, the number of replacements and repairs of the first and second pressure reducing valves 12 and 14 can be reduced, and the life of the pressure reducing system 11 can be prolonged. . As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost of the decompression system 11 with a wear reduction function.

  FIG. 3 is a ph diagram. FIG. 3 shows a pressure reduction system 11 shown in FIG. 1. As described above, for example, a supercritical state or subcritical state liquid containing abradable particulate matter is reduced in pressure by the first pressure reducing valve 12 (first step). 1 decompression step), and then the depressurized liquid is cooled by the cooler 13 (cooling step), and then the cooled liquid is flash depressurized by the second depressurization valve 14 to remove gas and wearable powder. Each step of discharging as a particulate matter (second decompression step) is shown.

  As an example of the temperature t and the pressure p shown in FIG. 3, t1 is a first measurement temperature (signal) of about 230 ° C., p1 is a first measurement pressure (signal) of about 4.6 MPa, and t4 is a first measurement temperature (signal). 4 measurement temperature (signal) and about 165 ° C., p4 is the fourth measurement pressure (signal) and about 0.8 MPa.

  T2 is a second measured temperature (signal) of about 150 ° C., p2 is a second measured pressure (signal) of about 0.8 MPa, and t3 is a third measured temperature (signal) of about 127 ° C. , P3 is the third measurement pressure (signal) and is about 0.25 MPa.

  The pressure reduction ratio of the first pressure reducing valve 12 is 5.75 (= 4.6 MPa: 0.8 MPa), and the pressure reduction ratio of the second pressure reducing valve 14 is 3.2 (= 0.8 MPa: 0.25 MPa). ).

  Further, according to the pressure reducing system 11 shown in FIG. 1, the first control means of the control unit 22 is configured such that the pressure of the liquid flowing from the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve 12 (first measured pressure signal p1) is the first of the liquid. Based on the first measurement temperature signal t1 and the first measurement pressure signal p1, the opening K1 of the first pressure reducing valve 12 (the pressure of the liquid on the inlet side) is set to be higher than the first saturation pressure p1s in the measurement temperature signal t1. ) Can be controlled. Thereby, when the pressure of the liquid is reduced by the first pressure reducing valve 12, it is possible to prevent the liquid from being flushed (vaporized) on the inlet side of the first pressure reducing valve 12, and the liquid, the gas, and the wearable particulate matter. For example, wear and damage to the valve body, the valve seat, and the inner surface of the valve main body of the pressure reducing valve 12 can be reliably suppressed.

  For example, when the set pressure of the first pressure reducing valve 12 is p1t, this p1t is set so that the relationship of p1t> p1s + α (α = 0.1 to 0.5 MPa) is established.

  The first control means controls the opening K1 of the first pressure reducing valve 12 to be reduced when the first measured pressure (signal) p1 becomes lower than the set pressure p1t. Then, the first control means controls the opening K1 of the first pressure reducing valve 12 to be increased when the first measured pressure (signal) p1 becomes higher than the set pressure p1t.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 22 outputs the first set pressure control signal p1ts to the first pressure reducing valve 12 to adjust the opening K1 of the first pressure reducing valve 12 to thereby adjust the first pressure reducing valve 12. 12 set pressures p1t are controlled.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the second temperature detector T2 can detect the temperature of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler 13 and generate the second measured temperature signal t2. The flow rate adjusting valve 21 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium used in the cooler 13, thereby changing the cooling capacity capable of cooling the liquid flowing from the inlet of the cooler 13. Can do.

  Further, the second control means of the control unit 22 opens the flow control valve 21 so that the temperature of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler 13 (second measured temperature signal t2) becomes a predetermined cooling set temperature. K3 can be controlled.

  This second control means controls the opening degree K3 of the flow rate adjusting valve 21 to be smaller when the temperature of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler 13 (second measured temperature signal t2) is lower than the cooling set temperature. To do. Then, when the temperature of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler 13 (second measured temperature signal t2) rises above the cooling set temperature, the second control means makes the opening degree K3 of the flow control valve 21 increase. Control.

  Thereby, it is possible to control the pressure at which the flushing (vaporization) of the liquid discharged from the second pressure reducing valve 14 is a desired pressure. Therefore, it is possible to control the liquid discharged from the second pressure reducing valve 14, the volume expansion rate and flow rate of the gas, and the flow rate of the wearable particulate matter within a predetermined range.

  And the 2nd pressure detector P2 shown in FIG. 1 can detect the pressure of the liquid which flows out from the exit of the cooler 13, and can produce | generate the 2nd measurement pressure signal p2. Then, the third control unit of the control unit 22 performs the second measurement so that the pressure of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler 13 is higher than the second saturation pressure p2s in the second measurement temperature signal t2 of the liquid. The opening K2 of the second pressure reducing valve 14 can be controlled based on the temperature signal t2 and the second measured pressure signal p2. As a result, when the liquid flowing in from the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve 14 is flash depressurized, and the liquid, gas and wearable particulate matter (slurry etc.) are discharged from the outlet, the inlet side of the second pressure reducing valve 14 The liquid can be controlled so as not to be flushed (vaporized). Therefore, it is possible to reliably suppress, for example, wear and damage to the inner surface of the valve body, the valve seat, and the valve main body of the second pressure reducing valve 14 due to the liquid, gas, and abrasive particles.

  For example, when the set pressure of the second pressure reducing valve 14 is p2t, this p2t is set so that the relationship of p2t> p2s + α (α = 0.1 to 0.5 MPa) is established.

  Further, the liquid passing through the second pressure reducing valve 14 is depressurized and reduced in temperature and flushes when passing through a narrow gap between the valve body of the second pressure reducing valve 14 and the valve seat. At this time, the pressure of the liquid and gas discharged from the outlet of the second pressure reducing valve 14 (third measurement pressure signal p3) becomes the third saturation pressure p3s at the temperature of the liquid and gas (third measurement temperature signal t3). The values are almost equal.

  Furthermore, the third control means of the control unit 22 can control the opening K1 (the pressure of the liquid on the inlet side) of the first pressure reducing valve 12 in addition to the second pressure reducing valve 14 in the above control. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the liquid from flashing (vaporizing) on the inlet side of the second pressure reducing valve 14.

  For example, the third control means reduces (or increases) the opening K2 of the second pressure reducing valve 14 when the second measured pressure (signal) p2 is reduced (or increased), and the first pressure reducing valve. The opening degree K1 of 12 is controlled to be increased (or decreased).

  That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 22 outputs the second set pressure control signal p2ts to the second pressure reducing valve 14 to adjust the opening K2 of the second pressure reducing valve 14 to thereby adjust the second pressure reducing valve 14. 14 set pressure p2t is controlled.

  Further, the control unit 22 controls the set pressure p1t of the first pressure reducing valve 12 by adjusting the opening K1 of the first pressure reducing valve 14 by outputting the first set pressure control signal p1ts to the first pressure reducing valve 12. It is supposed to do.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 4, the reaction apparatus to which the decompression system 11 with a wear reduction function shown in FIG. 1 is applied will be described. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a bioethanol production facility 26 including two first and second reactors 24 and 25 including the decompression system 11 with a wear reduction function shown in FIG.

  The first and second reactors 24 and 25 are provided in reaction tanks 27 and 28 for subjecting an object to be treated with hot water in a supercritical state or a subcritical state, and reaction tanks 27 and 28, respectively. Extraction sections 29 and 30 for taking out liquid containing abrasive particles obtained by hydrothermally treating the objects to be processed in the tanks 27 and 28 as those containing at least gas and abrasive particles. ing. The take-out portions 29 and 30 are provided with pressure reducing systems 11 and 11 with a wear reduction function.

  According to the first and second reactors 24 and 25 shown in FIG. 4, the object to be treated can be hydrothermally treated in the supercritical state or the subcritical state in the reaction tanks 27 and 28. The liquid containing the abrasive particles obtained by hydrothermal treatment of the object to be processed in the above is subjected to flash decompression in the same manner as described above by the decompression systems 11 and 11 with an abrasion reduction function, so that at least gas and abrasive particles are obtained. It can be taken out from the take-out portions 29 and 30 as containing an object.

  Next, the entire ethanol production facility 26 including the first and second reactors 24 and 25 shown in FIG. 4 will be described. This ethanol production facility 26 is a facility capable of producing ethanol by subjecting cellulose-based biomass to decomposition treatment and the like, and fermenting the produced sugar.

(Preparation of slurry)
As shown in FIG. 4, first, cellulosic biomass (eg, plant biomass such as bagasse, sugar beet lees, or straw) is pulverized to several mm or less as a pretreatment. The pulverized cellulosic biomass is supplied to the mixing tank 31, and water and an acid are added and stirred to form a slurry.

(First saccharification and decomposition process)
Next, the slurry is preheated as necessary, and then supplied to the hemicellulose saccharification reactor (reaction tank) 27. In the hemicellulose saccharification reactor 27, the slurry is hydrothermally treated at a pressure of 1 MPa or more and 5 MPa or less. By this hydrothermal treatment, hemicellulose in the cellulosic biomass is efficiently saccharified (hydrolyzed) into C5 monosaccharides by acid catalysis.

  After the hydrothermal treatment for a certain period of time, the slurry (a mixture of the liquid and the abrasive powder) is flash-depressurized from the hemicellulose saccharification reactor 27 by the decompression system 11 with wear reduction function according to the present invention. And supplied to the flash tank 32. By flash evaporation, the slurry is rapidly cooled to a temperature below the subcritical state, and the saccharification / decomposition reaction (hydrolysis reaction) of hemicellulose is completed.

(First solid-liquid separation process)
Next, the slurry containing the abrasive particles is supplied from the flash tank 32 to the solid-liquid separator 33 and separated into the C5 saccharified solution and the dehydrated cake 1. The C5 saccharified solution is supplied to the subsequent alcohol fermentation process. On the other hand, the dehydrated cake (dehydrated cake 1) is supplied to the reaction chamber of the pressurized reactor (reaction tank) 28.

(Second saccharification and decomposition process)
After the dehydrated cake 1 is supplied, steam is supplied to the reaction chamber of the pressurized reactor 28 from an external steam generator (not shown). Thereafter, the reaction chamber is pressurized until it falls within a predetermined pressure range.

  After heating and pressurizing treatment (saccharification / decomposition treatment) for a predetermined time, the treated slurry is subjected to flash decompression by the decompression system 11 with a wear reducing function according to the present invention and supplied to the flash tank 34. At this time, the slurry contains a C6 saccharified solution. By flash evaporation, the slurry is rapidly cooled to a temperature below the subcritical state, and the hydrolysis reaction of cellulose is completed.

(Second solid-liquid separation process)
Next, the slurry containing the abrasive particles is supplied from the flash tank 34 to the solid-liquid separator 35 and separated into the C6 saccharified solution and the dehydrated cake 2. The C6 saccharified solution is supplied to the subsequent alcohol fermentation process. On the other hand, the dehydrated cake 2 is taken out of the system as appropriate.

(Fermentation process)
Next, the C5 saccharified solution and the C6 saccharified solution are converted into ethanol using yeast in the fermentation process. A well-known fermentation method can be employ | adopted for a fermentation process.

(Distillation process)
Next, the alcohol fermentation liquid obtained by the fermentation process is distilled to concentrate ethanol.

  However, in the said embodiment, although the pressure reduction systems 11 and 11 with a wear reduction function were applied to each of the 1st and 2nd reactors 24 and 25 with which the ethanol production equipment 26 shown in FIG. 4 is provided, such ethanol production equipment 26, and the decompression system 11 with a wear reduction function may be applied to equipment and devices other than the first and second reactors 24 and 25.

  As described above, the pressure reducing system with wear reducing function and the reaction apparatus including the same according to the present invention are intended to reduce wear and damage of the valve bodies, the valve seats, and the inner surface of the first and second pressure reducing valves, It has an excellent effect of prolonging the life of the first and second pressure reducing valves, and is applied to a pressure reducing system such as a high-temperature and high-pressure slurry containing an abrasive powder and a reactor that requires such a system. Suitable for doing.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Pressure reducing system with wear reduction function 12 First pressure reducing valve 13 Cooler 14 Second pressure reducing valve 15, 16, 17, 18 First pipe, second pipe, third pipe, fourth pipe 19 Cooling pipe 20 Cooling medium pipe 20a Outlet side pipe 21 Flow control valve 22 Control unit 24, 25 First and second reactors 26 Ethanol production equipment 27 Reactor (reaction tank)
28 Pressurized reactor (reaction tank)
29, 30 Extraction section 31 Mixing tank 32, 34 Flash tank 33, 35 Solid-liquid separator T1-T4 First to fourth temperature detectors P1-P4 First to fourth pressure detectors t1-t4 First to fourth Measurement temperature signal p1 to p4 First to fourth measurement pressure signal p1ts, p2ts Set pressure control signal for first and second pressure reducing valves Qts Set flow rate control signal p1t, p2t Set pressure for first and second pressure reducing valves tse Cooler Set temperature K1 Opening of first pressure reducing valve K2 Opening of second reducing valve K3 Opening of flow control valve p1s, p2s Saturation pressure

Claims (6)

A first pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the supercritical or subcritical liquid containing the abrasive particles flowing from the inlet and discharging it as a liquid from the outlet;
A cooler that cools and discharges the liquid discharged from the outlet of the first pressure reducing valve as a liquid;
A pressure reducing system with a wear reducing function, comprising: a second pressure reducing valve that discharges the pressure of the liquid discharged from the cooler by flushing and discharging at least a gas and a wearable particulate matter. A first temperature detector provided at an inlet of the first pressure reducing valve to detect a temperature of the liquid flowing in from the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve to generate a first measurement temperature signal; and detecting a pressure of the liquid. A first pressure detector for generating a first measured pressure signal;
Based on the first measured temperature signal and the first measured pressure signal, the first pressure is adjusted so that the pressure of the liquid at the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve is higher than the first saturated pressure in the first measured temperature signal. The pressure reducing system with a wear reducing function according to claim 1, further comprising: a first control unit that controls an opening of one pressure reducing valve. A second temperature detector provided between the outlet of the cooler and the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve to detect the temperature of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler and generate a second measured temperature signal;
A flow control valve for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling medium used in the cooler;
And a second control means for controlling the opening of the flow rate control valve based on the second measured temperature signal so that the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the cooler becomes a predetermined set temperature. The decompression system with a wear reduction function according to claim 1 or 2. A second pressure detector provided between the outlet of the cooler and the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve to detect the pressure of the liquid flowing out from the outlet of the cooler and generate a second measurement pressure signal;
Based on the second measurement temperature signal and the second measurement pressure signal, the pressure of the liquid discharged from the outlet of the cooler is higher than the second saturation pressure in the second measurement temperature signal. The decompression system with a wear reduction function according to claim 3, further comprising third control means for controlling an opening degree of the second decompression valve.   The third control means includes the second measurement temperature signal and the second measurement so that the pressure of the liquid discharged from the outlet of the cooler is higher than the second saturation pressure in the second measurement temperature signal. 5. The pressure reducing system with a wear reducing function according to claim 4, wherein an opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve is controlled based on a pressure signal. A reaction vessel for hydrothermally treating the object to be treated in a supercritical state or a subcritical state;
A take-out unit provided in the reaction vessel for taking out liquid containing abrasive particles obtained by hydrothermal treatment of an object to be treated in the reaction vessel as liquid, gas, and abrasive particles; Prepared,
A reactor having the pressure reducing system with a wear reduction function according to any one of claims 1 to 5 provided in the take-out part.

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