JP5821898B2 - Shearing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of shearing a workpiece in manufacturing members used in automobiles, home appliances, building structures, ships, bridges, construction machines, various plants, penstocks, etc. The present invention relates to a shearing method capable of suppressing cracking.

  In the manufacture of members used in automobiles, home appliances, building structures, etc., shearing is often used to form the members into a predetermined shape. FIG. 1 schematically shows an aspect of shearing. FIG. 1 (a) schematically shows a mode of shear hole processing for forming a hole in a workpiece, and FIG. 1 (b) schematically shows a mode of shear cutting processing for forming an open section in the workpiece. Shown in

  In the shear hole processing shown in FIG. 1A, the workpiece 1 is placed on the die 3, and the punch 2 is pushed in the traveling direction 2 a to form a hole in the workpiece 1. In the shear cutting process shown in FIG. 1B, the workpiece 1 is placed on the die 3, and similarly, the punch 2 is pushed in the traveling direction 2 a to form an open section in the workpiece 1.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the shearing surface formed by the shearing process is usually a sag 4 formed when the workpiece 1 is entirely pushed by a punch, and the workpiece 1 is in the clearance between the punch and the die. A shearing surface 5 formed by being pulled and locally stretched, a fracture surface 6 formed by breaking the workpiece 1 drawn into the clearance between the punch and the die, and a back surface of the workpiece. Consists of burr 7.

  However, stretched flange cracks (cracks that occur on the sheared surface in the press working after shearing) are more likely to occur on the sheared surface than on the machined surface. Therefore, many techniques for suppressing the occurrence of stretch flange cracks on the sheared surface have been proposed.

  For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method in which a protruding portion that is a bending blade is provided on the bottom surface of a punched punch, thereby reducing plastic strain on a sheared surface and suppressing elongation flange cracking. Patent Documents 2 to 4 describe a processing method that can further suppress stretch flange cracking by a punching punch with an improved shape of the protruding portion as compared with the method of Patent Document 1.

  Patent Document 5 describes a setting method for setting the shear angle of the shearing punch so that the effect of suppressing the stretch flange crack is maximized. Patent Document 6 describes a shearing device that suppresses stretch flange cracking by setting the shear angle of the bottom surface of the shearing punch to 0 degree at a portion where the risk of stretch flange cracking is high.

  Patent Document 7 describes a punching device that suppresses stretch flange cracking by performing reverse plate pressing in a region where there is a high risk of stretch flange cracking. Patent Document 8 describes a punching method that does not directly control the stretch flange crack, but provides a local recess on the bottom surface of the shearing punch to improve the fatigue strength of the shearing surface. ing.

JP 05-023755 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-095980 JP 2006-224151 A JP 2006-231425 A JP 2011-088152 A JP 2009-0511001 A JP 2009-051000 A JP 2010-036195 A

  However, the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 8 have several problems when considering mass productivity and the scope of application of the technique.

  The techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are effective for suppressing stretch flange cracking in round hole extraction, but the effect of suppressing stretch flange cracking is low in shearing processes other than round holes. The shearing punch having a protrusion described in Patent Document 4 can suppress elongation flange cracking even in a shearing process other than a round hole, but if the area of the shearing surface is large, the region of the protrusion becomes large, The cost of tool creation is high.

  The shear angle setting method for the shearing punch described in Patent Document 5 is based on the shear angle provided on the entire surface of the punch. If the tool size is large, the tool manufacturing cost increases. The punching and shearing device described in Patent Document 6 suppresses stretch flange cracks induced when the shear angle is too large, and cannot suppress stretch flange cracks more than when the shear angle is 0 °.

  The punching device described in Patent Document 7 is premised on plate reverse pressing. However, when the plate reverse pressing is provided, a means for appropriately processing the cut residue is required, which increases the processing cost. In the punching method described in Patent Document 8, the fatigue strength is improved by increasing the sheared surface, but even if the sheared surface is increased, stretch flange cracking is not necessarily suppressed. Rather, as described in Patent Document 2, the smaller the shearing surface, the less likely that the stretch flange crack will occur.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems in the prior art, and has an object to provide a shearing method that is low in tool manufacturing cost, can be easily applied to a mass production site, and can suppress the occurrence of stretch flange cracks on the shearing surface. And

  The present inventors diligently studied a method for achieving the above object. As a result, if a recess is provided in the cutting edge of the punch facing the region including the region where stretch flange cracking is likely to occur on the shearing surface of the workpiece, shearing will cause stretch flange cracking on the shearing surface. I found that it can be suppressed. The process of obtaining this knowledge will be described later.

  This invention was made | formed based on the said knowledge, and the summary is as follows.

(1) In a method of performing shearing using a punch and a die,
(I-1) Perform numerical calculation or stretch flange test in advance to identify a portion where stretch flange cracks are likely to occur on the sheared surface of the workpiece,
(I-2) At the time of shearing, (a) a side surface portion parallel to the advancing direction of the punch is formed on the cutting edge of the punch facing the region including the portion where the stretch flange crack specified in (i-1) is likely to occur. (B) provided with a recess whose depth from the bottom surface of the punch is 10 to 70% of the thickness of the workpiece;
(Ii) shearing method and performing shearing using a punch having the recess.

  (2) The shearing method according to (1), wherein a roundness having a radius of curvature of 0.1 mm or more is formed at a boundary portion between the concave portion and the portion other than the concave portion in the cutting edge of the punch.

  (3) The shearing process according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the length in the direction of the shearing ridge line is 80 to 1000% of the plate thickness of the workpiece at the bottom part of the recess. Method.

  (4) In any one of the above (1) to (3), the length in the direction orthogonal to the shearing ridge line is 50% or more of the plate thickness of the workpiece at the bottom surface of the recess. 2. A shearing method described in 1.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a shearing method that is low in tool manufacturing cost, can be easily applied to a mass production site, and can suppress stretch flange cracks on the shearing surface.

It is a figure which shows the aspect of a shearing process typically. (A) shows typically the aspect of the shear hole process which forms a hole in a workpiece, (b) shows typically the aspect of the shear cutting process which forms an open cross section in a workpiece. It is a figure which shows the aspect of the shearing surface of a workpiece. It is a figure which shows the one aspect | mode of the punch which provided the recessed part in the blade edge | tip. It is a figure which shows the aspect which shears a workpiece with the punch which provided the recessed part in the blade edge | tip of the punch. It is a figure which shows the aspect which gives a burring process to the shearing process surface formed by punching. It is a figure which shows the aspect which gives a flange process to the shearing surface formed by shearing processes other than punching. It is a figure which shows one aspect | mode when the side part of the recessed part provided in the blade edge | tip of a punch is not parallel to the advancing direction of a punch, and this bottom face part is not perpendicular | vertical to the advancing direction of a punch. It is a figure which shows the aspect of the recessed part provided in the blade edge | tip of a punch. (A) shows the case where the side part of a recessed part and the boundary of parts other than a recessed part make an acute angle, (b) shows the case where a round part is provided in the boundary of the side part of a recessed part and parts other than a recessed part. , (C) shows the depth of the recess (distance from the cutting edge of the punch to the bottom surface). It is a figure which shows the shearing process surface with excessive sagging. It is a figure which shows the bottom face of the punch which provided the recessed part in four corners. It is a figure which shows the round hole (30 mm x 30 mm, a corner | angular part is R5 roundness) opened in the to-be-processed material. It is a figure which shows the aspect of a burring process. It is a figure which shows the shape of a punch, and the position of a recessed part. It is a figure which shows the shearing ridgeline which consists of a circular arc part and a linear part. It is a figure which shows the aspect of an elongate flange test, and the shape of an elongate flange processed product. (A) shows the aspect of the stretch flange test, and (b) shows the shape of the stretch flange processed product.

The shearing method of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the method of the present invention”) is a method of performing shearing using a punch and a die,
(I-1) Perform numerical calculation or stretch flange test in advance to identify a portion where stretch flange cracks are likely to occur on the sheared surface of the workpiece,
(I-2) At the time of shearing, formed on the cutting edge of the punch facing the region including the specified part, (a) a side surface portion parallel to the punch traveling direction and a bottom surface portion perpendicular to the punch traveling direction; And (b) providing a recess whose depth from the bottom surface of the punch is 10 to 70% of the thickness of the workpiece,
(Ii) A shearing process is performed using the punch having the concave portion.

  Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described.

  The work material targeted by the method of the present invention is not limited to a specific material. Although mainly steel plates are targeted, the steel types of the steel plates are not limited to specific steel types. A tailored steel plate in which steel plates of different steel types are joined may be used.

  The thickness of the workpiece is not particularly limited. What is necessary is just to provide the plate | board thickness which can be sheared. The tailored steel plate which joined the steel plate from which board thickness differs may be sufficient.

  Usually, the sheared surface is greatly plastically deformed by shearing and has a low deformability. Therefore, on the sheared surface, stretch flange cracking is more likely to occur in the stretch flange processing in the subsequent process than on the surface processed by machining.

  The present inventors have conceived that if the plastic deformation on the shearing surface can be reduced, the stretch flange crack can be suppressed, and have intensively studied a method for reducing the plastic deformation at the time of shearing.

  As a result, if a part where elongation flange cracking is likely to occur on the shearing surface of the workpiece is specified, and a recess is provided in the punch edge facing the region including the part, and shearing is performed, the plasticity on the shearing surface I found that the deformation can be reduced.

  A part where stretch flange cracking is likely to occur on the sheared surface of the workpiece is specified in advance by numerical calculation or stretch flange test. And in the case of a shearing process, a recessed part is provided in the position facing the area | region (not shown) containing the said site | part.

  FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a punch in which a recess is provided in the blade edge. The recess 8 is formed of a side surface portion 8a parallel to the punch traveling direction 2a and a bottom surface portion 8b perpendicular to the punch traveling direction 2a.

  The reason why the concave portion 8 is formed by the side surface portion 8a parallel to the punch traveling direction 2a and the bottom surface portion 8b perpendicular to the punch traveling direction 2a will be described later.

  If a recess is provided in the cutting edge of the punch that faces a region including an area where elongation flange cracking is likely to occur on the shearing surface of the workpiece, the plastic deformation can be reduced on the shearing surface, and the flange in the subsequent process The reason why stretch flange cracking can be suppressed by processing is presumed as follows.

  FIG. 4 shows an aspect in which a workpiece is sheared with a punch having a recess at the blade edge. When shearing is performed using a punch (not shown) having a recess 8, the “part 9 other than the recess 8” in the punch blade edge first contacts and presses the workpiece 1 and is pressed. A crack 10 is generated inside the material 1. At this time, the bottom surface portion (not shown) of the recess 8 is not in contact with the workpiece 1.

  When the shearing process by the “part 9 other than the recess 8” proceeds, the crack 10 propagates inside the workpiece 1, and the tip 10 a of the crack is a region of the workpiece 1 a corresponding to the recess 8 ( A numerical calculation or stretch flange test is performed in advance to enter a region including a region where stretch flange cracking is likely to occur on the shearing surface of the workpiece.

  At the same time, the bottom surface portion of the recess 8 starts to come down in contact with the workpiece 1 a corresponding to the recess 8, and shearing of the workpiece 1 a corresponding to the recess 8 starts, but the workpiece corresponding to the recess 8. Since at least the tip portion 10a of the crack 10 exists in the inside of 1a, the workpiece 1a corresponding to the recess 8 is in a state where breakage is likely to occur. For this reason, the to-be-processed material 1a corresponding to the recessed part 8 fractures | ruptures in the state which plastic deformation does not arise so much.

  In the shearing process shown in FIG. 4, the plastic deformation caused by the portion 9 other than the concave part 8 is the same as the plastic processing in the normal shearing process in which the concave part 8 is not provided on the punching edge, but the concave part exists in the punching edge. Therefore, it is assumed that plastic deformation substantially different from plastic processing in normal shearing occurs in the shearing processing on the workpiece corresponding to the recess.

  In general, on the shearing surface of the workpiece, the portion where the stretch flange crack occurs is limited to a specific portion. FIG. 5 shows a mode in which burring is performed on a sheared surface formed by punching. When burring processing (a kind of flange processing) is performed on the hole 11 including the arc portion 11a and the straight portion 11b formed on the workpiece 1 by shearing, stretched flange cracks occur in the arc portion 11a.

  FIG. 6 shows an aspect in which flange processing is performed on a sheared surface formed by shearing other than punching. When flange processing is performed on the sheared surface 5 composed of the arc portion 11a and the straight portion 11b, an elongated flange crack is generated at the center of the arc portion 11a. In either case, stretched flange cracks occur at the arc portion, but the arc portion is a portion having a greater degree of plastic working than the straight portion.

  Thus, on the sheared surface, stretch flange cracks occur at specific sites (sites where plastic deformation is concentrated).

  Therefore, if the recess is provided on the cutting edge of the punch corresponding to the region including the portion where the stretch flange crack is likely to occur on the shearing surface of the workpiece (the portion where the plastic deformation is concentrated) and the shearing is performed, As described above, since the degree of plastic working in the above region can be reduced from the degree of plastic working in other regions, the occurrence of stretch flange cracks can be suppressed.

  In the method of the present invention, since only the shape of the punch edge (tool) is locally changed, the tool manufacturing cost is reduced when forming a shear angle (see Patent Document 8) or by providing a protrusion. It can reduce compared with the case (refer patent document 1). Further, even in various shapes of shearing tools, it is not necessary to consider the entire tool shape, so that it can be easily applied to a mass production site.

  As described above, in the method of the present invention, the side surface portion (refer to FIGS. 3 and 8a) of the recess formed in the cutting edge of the punch must be parallel to the punch traveling direction (refer to FIGS. 3 and 2a). The bottom surface of the recess must be perpendicular to the direction of punch movement.

  FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which the side surface portion of the recess provided in the cutting edge of the punch is not parallel to the direction of travel of the punch and the bottom surface portion is not perpendicular to the direction of travel of the punch. As shown in FIG. 7, when the side surface of the recess is not parallel to the direction of punch movement and the bottom surface of the recess is not perpendicular to the direction of punch advance, a compressive force is applied in the direction indicated by the arrow on the workpiece corresponding to the recess It acts and the breakage is suppressed.

  Although shearing can be performed, since the generation of the fracture portion due to the shearing process is suppressed by the amount of the generated compressive force, the degree of plastic deformation on the shearing surface increases.

  In the method of the present invention, since the side surface portion of the recess provided on the cutting edge of the punch is parallel to the traveling direction of the punch (see FIG. 3), the portion to be processed corresponding to the recess is as shown in FIG. There is no compression force to suppress breakage.

  As described above, the portion to be processed corresponding to the recess is in a state where breakage is likely to occur. If the bottom portion of the recess perpendicular to the advancing direction of the punch is brought into contact with the portion in this state, the portion Fracture occurs in a state where a pressing force is uniformly applied to the whole and plastic deformation does not occur so much.

  However, in the recess provided in the punch edge, the depth of the recess (distance from the punch edge to the bottom surface) must be within a predetermined range in performing desired shearing.

  FIG. 8C shows an embodiment of a recess having a required depth. If the depth 8e of the recess is small, it becomes substantially the same as a normal shearing process, and the effect of the method of the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the depth 8e of the concave portion is too large, the sag 4 becomes excessive as shown in FIG. 11, and the plastic deformation on the sheared surface 5 increases and causes stretch flange cracks.

  The inventors investigated the preferred depth of the recess. As a result of the investigation, it was found that the depth of the concave portion provided in the blade edge of the punch is preferably 10 to 70% of the plate thickness of the workpiece. The depth of the recess (10 to 70% of the plate thickness of the workpiece) corresponds to the size of the shearing surface when shearing is performed without providing a recess at the punch edge. That is, it corresponds to the amount of punch bite required to generate a crack in the workpiece corresponding to a portion other than the concave portion of the punch.

  Thus, the method of the present invention is substantially different from the punching method described in Patent Document 8 in terms of plastic working caused by shearing.

  Here, the detailed structure of the recessed part provided in the blade edge | tip of a punch is demonstrated.

  In FIG. 8, the aspect of the recessed part provided in the blade edge | tip of a punch is shown. FIG. 8A shows a case where the side surface of the concave portion and the boundary between the portions other than the concave portion form an acute angle. If the boundary between the side surface portion 8a of the concave portion 8 and the portion other than the concave portion forms an acute angle, it is assumed that chipping occurs in the acute angle portion 8c, and the blade edge of the punch is damaged. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8B, it is preferable to provide a rounded portion 8d at the boundary between the recess and the portion other than the recess.

  According to the investigation by the present inventors, it is preferable to provide a rounded portion having a radius of curvature of 0.1 mm or more at the boundary between the concave portion and the portion other than the concave portion.

  Furthermore, the present inventors investigated the preferred length in the shearing ridge line direction at the bottom surface of the recess and the preferred length in the direction perpendicular to the shearing ridge line and the advancing direction of the punch at the bottom surface of the recess. FIG. 10 shows the bottom surface of the punch as a premise of the investigation.

  At the four corners of the bottom surface of the punch, the length in the direction of the shearing ridge line 2b in the bottom surface portion of the recess (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “recess width”) 8f, and the shearing ridge line 2b in the bottom surface portion of the recess and the progress of the punch A recess 8 having a length in a direction orthogonal to the direction (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “a recess length”) 8 g is provided. The corners of the recesses are rounded with R1.0.

  The recess width is preferably 80 to 1000% of the plate thickness of the workpiece. The width of the concave portion largely depends on the deformation resistance of the workpiece, but according to the investigation results of the present inventors, if the width of the concave portion is less than 80%, the processed portion corresponding to the concave portion is plastically deformed at the beginning of punch encroachment. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1000%, the effect of promoting breakage due to crack propagation cannot be obtained inside the portion to be processed corresponding to the recess.

  The recess length is preferably 50% or more of the plate thickness of the workpiece. If the length of the concave portion is short, the shearing process with a wide local clearance is simply performed, and the effect of suppressing shear deformation in the concave portion cannot be obtained at the initial stage of punch bite. Therefore, the recess length is preferably 50% or more of the plate thickness of the workpiece. More preferably, the length is sufficient to penetrate the bottom surface of the punch shown in FIG.

  Next, examples of the method of the present invention will be described. The conditions in the examples are one example of conditions used for confirming the feasibility and effects of the method of the present invention. It is not limited to the example conditions. The method of the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the method of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the method of the present invention.

Example 1
A 590 MPa class hot-rolled steel sheet (workpiece) having a plate thickness of 1.6 mm is provided with a round hole (30 mm × 30 mm, a corner is rounded with R5) shown in FIG. 15 mm, recess length: 0 to the entire punch bottom, corners are rounded with R1.0) After punching and punching, burring with a burring height of 12 a is performed using a burring punch 12 as shown in FIG. went.

  Since a 590 MPa class hot rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm is frequently used as a steel sheet for automobiles, this steel sheet was used as a workpiece.

  The burring process was performed at five levels by changing the diameter of the burring punch 12 and different in the burring height 12a, that is, different in the amount of plastic deformation of the punched end part accompanying the burring process.

  Table 1 shows the depth, width, and length of the recesses provided in the hole punch (see FIG. 10) and the burring height that can be formed without cracking.

  From Table 1, according to the invention example in which the depth / thickness (%) of the recess is in the range of 10 to 70%, compared to the comparative example, the stretched flange crack does not occur on the sheared surface after punching, It can be seen that a high burring height is obtained.

  As described above, since a 590 MPa class hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm is frequently used as a steel sheet for automobiles, in the examples, a hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm was used as a workpiece. The present inventors experimentally confirmed that the same effect can be obtained even when steel plates having other thicknesses are used.

(Example 2)
A hot rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 590 MPa and 1.6 mm is sheared using a punch shown in FIG. 13, and is composed of an arc portion 11a and a straight portion 11b shown in FIG. A shearing surface to be formed was formed. Then, the stretch flange test was conducted.

  FIG. 15 shows an aspect of the stretch flange test and the shape of the stretch flange processed product. FIG. 15A shows an aspect of the stretch flange test. The stretch flange test was performed by placing the workpiece 1 on the flange processing die 14 on the pad 14a and pressing the stretch flange processing punch 13 in the stretch flange processing direction 13a. FIG. 15B shows the shape of the stretch flanged product.

  The stretch flange test was carried out at five levels with different stretch flange heights 13b, that is, different plastic deformations on the sheared surface associated with the stretch flange test.

  Table 2 shows the depth, width, and length of the recesses provided in the punch used in the shearing process, and the height of the stretch flange that can be formed without cracking.

  From Table 2, in the invention example in which the depth / thickness (%) of the recess is in the range of 10 to 70%, compared to the comparative example, the stretched flange crack does not occur on the sheared surface after shearing, It can be seen that a high stretch flange height is obtained.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a shearing method that is low in tool manufacturing cost, can be easily applied to mass production sites, and can suppress stretch flange cracks on the shearing surface. Therefore, the present invention has high applicability in the steel material processing industry.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Work material 1a Processed part corresponding to a recessed part 2 Punch 2a Advancing direction 2b Shearing ridgeline 3 Die 3a Pad 4 Sag 5 Sheared surface 6 Fracture surface 7 Burr 8, 8 'Recessed part 8a Side face part 8b Bottom face part 8c Sharp corner part 8d Round portion 8e Depth 8f Width 8g Length 9 Parts other than the recess 10 Crack 10a Tip of the crack 11 Hole 11a Arc portion 11b Straight portion 12 Burling punch 12a Burling height 13 Flange punch 13a Stretch flange processing Direction 13b Stretch flange height 14 Stretch flange processing die 14a Pad

Claims (4)

In the method of shearing using a punch and die,
(I-1) Perform numerical calculation or stretch flange test in advance to identify a portion where stretch flange cracks are likely to occur on the sheared surface of the workpiece,
(I-2) At the time of shearing, (a) a side surface portion parallel to the advancing direction of the punch is formed on the cutting edge of the punch facing the region including the portion where the stretch flange crack specified in (i-1) is likely to occur. (B) provided with a recess whose depth from the bottom surface of the punch is 10 to 70% of the thickness of the workpiece;
(Ii) shearing method and performing shearing using a punch having the recess.   2. The shearing method according to claim 1, wherein a roundness having a radius of curvature of 0.1 mm or more is formed at a boundary portion between the concave portion and a portion other than the concave portion in the blade edge of the punch.   3. The shearing method according to claim 1, wherein a length in a shearing ridge line direction is 80 to 1000% of a plate thickness of the workpiece at a bottom surface portion of the recess.   The shear length according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a length in a direction perpendicular to the shearing ridge line is 50% or more of a plate thickness of the workpiece in the bottom surface portion of the concave portion. Processing method.

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