JP5770628B2 - 改良されたアブレーションのためのカテーテルおよび方法 - Google Patents
改良されたアブレーションのためのカテーテルおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
頻拍領域の位置を突き止めてそれらの短絡機能を無効にするための技術が開発されてきた。これらの領域で心臓組織を焼灼することにより傷跡を形成して伝導を遮断するために高周波エネルギーが印加される。
RFアブレーションは、麻酔を必要とせず、より限局性の別個の損傷部を形成するとともに、DCショックの場合のような高電圧によって引き起こされる負傷を回避するため、DCアブレーションよりも好ましい。
改良されたにもかかわらず、望ましくない副作用を最小限に抑えて最小の時間で望ましいサイズの損傷部を形成することにおいてさらなる改良の必要性が依然として残っている。
したがって、凝血塊形成の危険が低くなって、少ない電力および冷却液を用いてカテーテルアブレーションを少ない時間でより効果的に行いつつ、望ましいサイズの損傷部を形成する、カテーテルアブレーションを得ることが望ましい。
本発明のさらなる他の態様によれば、一様な大きい損傷部が望まれるかあるいは処置中に複数の損傷部が同時に形成されるべき場合には、本発明の特徴が、大きなアブレーション領域に及ぶ改良されたマルチ電極カテーテルにおいて実施される。複数の電極のそれぞれに本発明の特徴が組み込まれている。
電極130は、良好な熱伝導率を有する中実体であることが好ましい。これは、その延在する本体形状と共に、従来の中空のシェル電極の熱容量よりもかなり良好な熱容量を有する電極を与え、それにより電極−組織界面で良好な温度制御がなされる。
図10〜図13に描かれる改良されたマルチ電極カテーテルは、複数のアブレーション動作を伴う処置の性能および安全性を大きく向上させる。
図14(F)は、損傷部の質を監視するためにマッピングも必要とされることを示している。良好な損傷部は、大きく減衰された心内電位図により示される。
図14(G)は、図9(I)と同様である。改良された電極の場合には、効率的な電力使用および優れた冷却により、蒸気飛出の危険が非常に低い。
最後に、図14(H)は、図9(J)と同様である。組織により覆われない電極の部分が最小でありかつ露出部に流出する冷却液によって血液が露出部から離間されたまま保たれることから凝血塊形成の危険が従来の場合と比べて非常に減少されるという点において、改良された電極の他の有利な特徴をまとめている。
Claims (21)
- 心臓カテーテルであって、
軸を規定するとともに、基端と先端とを有する長尺ハウジングと、
前記先端に配置され、長尺ハウジング内に入れられる第1の部分と、カテーテルの外側に露出される第2の部分とを有し、前記第1の部分から前記第2の部分に至る限定されたチャンネルを有する第1の電極本体と、
冷却液を長尺ハウジング内に供給するための前記基端の近傍の流体供給ポートと、を備え、
前記第1の部分が、前記第2の部分の表面領域よりもかなり大きい表面領域を有する形状を成すとともに、冷却液と流体連通して冷却液と熱交換し、
前記第2の部分が突出表面を有する形状を成し、前記突出表面は、生体組織を焼灼するように経皮的に導入されることによって配置されるときに、生体組織によって覆われずに血液に晒される表面積を最小限にしつつ、生体組織によってほぼ覆われて生体組織と接触し、前記最小限にされる表面積は、前記第2の部分の表面領域の総表面積の35%未満であり、
血液凝固の回避下で損傷部を形成するための、アブレーション動作中に先端で第1の電極を電源に結合する長尺ハウジング内の導電体を備える心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記第1の電極本体は、冷却液が長尺ハウジングから第1の表面を通じて流れて前記第1の電極本体の第2の表面から抜け出るように、前記第1の表面領域の複数の入口と、前記第2の表面領域の複数の第1の出口とをさらに有する心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記第1の電極本体が、略中実であり、
前記カテーテルは、前記複数の入口と第1の出口との間の前記第1の電極本体内にチャンネルをさらに備える心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項2記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記第2の表面領域の複数の第1の出口の少なくとも一部は、焼灼されるべき生体組織と接触しない露出した第2の表面領域の近傍に位置され、それにより露出した第2の表面領域が冷却液によりフラッシングされる心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項3記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記第2の表面領域の複数の第1の出口の少なくとも一部は、焼灼されるべき生体組織と接触しない露出した第2の表面領域の近傍に位置され、それにより露出した第2の表面領域が冷却液によりフラッシングされる心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
露出した第2の表面領域が冷却液によりフラッシングされるように冷却液がカテーテルから流出するべく、第1の電極の第1の部分と第2の部分との間の境界近傍の長尺ハウジングに開口をさらに備える心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項6記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記開口は、前記第1の電極本体の第1の部分と第2の部分との間の境界の周囲に環状開口を形成する心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
冷却液が、生理食塩水である心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
生体組織と接触せずかつ生体組織によって覆われない表面領域が第2の部分の35%未満である心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
長尺ハウジング内に流体チューブをさらに備え、前記流体チューブは、前記流体供給ポートから冷却液を受けてこの冷却液を前記第1の電極本体の第2の部分へ送出するように結合される心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
第1の電極本体に温度センサをさらに備える心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記先端にある長尺ハウジングの軸に沿う変形可能な表面のセグメントと、
前記変形可能な表面に取り付けられる複数の第2の電極と、
第1の位置から第2の位置へ移動されるときに、第1の電極を長尺ハウジングの基端へ向けて引き込んで前記変形可能な表面を変形させ、それにより前記表面上の複数の第2の電極が変形されない表面上におけるそれらの位置に対して軸から径方向に離れるべく引き起こされるようにする、前記基端のアクチュエータと、をさらに備え、
前記複数の第2の電極は、展開されて、前記第1の電極の第2の部分と共に長尺ハウジングと直交する面内にある心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項12記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記複数の第2の電極のそれぞれが突出表面を有し、前記突出表面は、生体組織を焼灼するように配置されるときに、生体組織と接触せずかつ生体組織によって覆われない表面積を最小限にしつつ、生体組織によってほぼ覆われて生体組織と接触する心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項12記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記変形可能な表面は、アクチュエータが第2の位置から元の第1の位置へと移動されるときに、変形されない表面へと可逆的に戻される心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項12記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
長尺ハウジング内に流体チューブをさらに備え、前記流体チューブは、基端が前記流体供給ポートに結合されるとともに、冷却液を前記流体供給ポートから前記第1の電極本体の第2の部分へ送出するように配置される心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項15記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記流体チューブは、アクチュエータが第1の位置にあるときに、レセプタクルが長尺ハウジング内にある状態で終端して、前記第1の電極本体の第2の部分に達せず、
アクチュエータが第1の位置から第2の位置へ移動されるときに、前記第1の電極本体の第2の部分が前記流体チューブのレセプタクル内に引き込まれる心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項12記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
ケーブルが前記第1の電極本体とアクチュエータとの間で接続し、前記ケーブルは、アクチュエータが第1の位置から第2の位置へ移動されるときに、第1の電極本体と共に長尺ハウジングに対して基端へ向けて軸方向に引き寄せられる心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項12記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
冷却液を複数の第2の電極へ供給するために前記流体チューブに結合される分岐流体チャンネルをさらに備える心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項12記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
冷却液を解放するために複数の第2の電極に隣接する複数の第2の出口をさらに備える心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項12記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
第1の電極本体に温度センサをさらに備える心臓カテーテル。 - 請求項1記載の心臓カテーテルにおいて、
前記第1の部分は、長尺なコーン形状を有する心臓カテーテル。
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EP2330997A2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
CA2730625C (en) | 2018-07-10 |
WO2010008975A2 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US20170319274A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
US20150066017A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
US10709501B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
CN103462687B (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
US20190159836A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
US8882761B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
US20100016848A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
CN103462687A (zh) | 2013-12-25 |
US9717558B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
CN102119009A (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
JP2011528266A (ja) | 2011-11-17 |
CA2730625A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
EP3308732A2 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
EP2330997B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
WO2010008975A3 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
EP3308732A3 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
US10709499B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
CN102119009B (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
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