JP5759618B2 - Hydroelectric generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroelectric generator that is used by being attached to a water channel (in many cases, a water pipe).

  As disclosed in Patent Document 1, it has a structure in which a generator part is arranged in a ring shape on the outside of a water turbine, and without making a dam, there are water and sewage systems, small rivers, agricultural waterways, Hydroelectric power generators have been developed that are used in waterways such as factory drains. This hydroelectric generator is attracting attention as one of means for realizing local production for local consumption of energy in places where it is difficult to install transmission lines from existing power plants such as mountainous areas.

  FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydroelectric generator disclosed in Patent Document 1. An annular stator 306 having an armature coil 305a wound around the armature core 305b is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the pipe line in which the upstream pipe 310 and the downstream pipe 312 are engaged. . Further, a cooling mechanism 315 for cooling the heat generation of the armature coil 305a is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the annular stator 306. Further, an annular rotor (runner) 303 having a permanent magnet 304 attached to the outer periphery and a propeller blade projecting radially inward from the inner periphery on the inner periphery is rotatable inside the stator 306. It is provided as follows. A boss 302 for guiding the water flow is fixed to the inner wall side of the upstream pipe 310 on the axial center of the casing where the upstream pipe 310 and the downstream pipe 312 are engaged. Further, a guide vane 301 that guides the water flow entering the rotor 303 in a direction that matches the inclination of the propeller blade of the rotor 303 is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the boss 302 and the inner wall of the upstream pipe 310. Further, water-lubricated bearings 307a and 307b are provided so as to face the side surface of the ring at the center of the outer periphery of the rotor 303 on which the permanent magnet 304 is installed.

JP 2006-189014 A

  When the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. 11 is used in a water channel having a large cross-sectional area, the diameter of the rotor 303 with the permanent magnet 304 attached to the outer periphery must necessarily be increased. . In this case, as shown in FIG. 12, the amount of permanent magnets 304 affixed to the outer peripheral curved surface of the rotor 303 is increased, and the permanent magnets 304 are provided hierarchically from the outer periphery of the rotor 303 to the radially outer side. The water-lubricated bearings 307a and 307b, the stator 306 including the armature coil 305a, and the cooling mechanism 315 also have to be increased in size.

By the way, the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator is generally represented by “K (proportional constant) × flow velocity ² × flow rate”. For this reason, the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator installed in a high head (high flow velocity) and a small flow channel (that is, a channel having a small cross-sectional area due to the high flow velocity and small flow rate), a low head (low flow velocity) and In some cases, the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator installed in a large flow rate channel (that is, a channel having a large cross-sectional area due to the low flow rate and the large flow rate) is not much different. In this case, it is not necessary to change the size of the generator portion when the water channel in which the hydroelectric generator is mounted is changed from a high head and small flow channel to a low head and large flow channel. However, in the case of the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. 11, not only the rotor is increased in size (larger diameter) but also from the outer periphery of the rotor along the radial direction in accordance with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the applied water channel. In addition, the hierarchized structure (water-lubricated bearings 307a and 307b, the stator 306, and the cooling mechanism 315) also needs to be increased in size (larger diameter).

  As described above, when the conventional hydroelectric generator is applied to a water channel having a low head and a large flow rate, which can be said to have a large cross-sectional area compared to the power generation capacity, the entire apparatus must be enlarged as well as the rotor. However, there was a problem that productivity and economy were low.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and its purpose is to improve productivity, economy, and miniaturization according to the specifications (flow velocity, flow rate, cross-sectional area, etc.) of the water channel to be applied. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroelectric generator having a structure suitable from the viewpoint of the above.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a hydroelectric power generation device used by being attached to a water channel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upstream pipe and a downstream pipe attached to the water channel, the upstream pipe, and the A runner casing sandwiched between the downstream pipe, a boss disposed in the axial direction of the runner casing, and a runner casing accommodated in the runner casing so as to be rotatable about the axis of the runner casing. The boss is divided into a rotating boss and at least one fixed boss, the rotating boss is fitted to the runner, and the at least one fixed boss is in the runner casing with respect to the rotating boss. The at least one fixed boss is provided with an armature, and the rotary boss is provided with an electric power of the at least one fixed boss. Permanent magnet field 磁又 to face the child electromagnet magnetic field is provided, is intended.

  According to the above configuration, for example, a structure in which a rotating boss in which a permanent magnet field of a generator is installed is fitted to a runner, and an armature of the generator is installed in at least one fixed boss separate from the rotating boss; Become. In this case, the runner and generator part (rotating boss, fixed boss) can be designed / manufactured independently, and along with this, the productivity and economics according to the specifications of the water channel (flow rate, flow velocity, cross-sectional area, etc.) In addition, it is possible to provide a hydroelectric power generator that achieves a suitable scale from the viewpoint of miniaturization.

For example, the capacity of the generator can be determined regardless of the diameter of the runner, and it is difficult to introduce a conventional hydroelectric generator into a low head (low flow rate) and a large flow rate water channel (a channel with a large cross-sectional area). On the other hand, it is possible to design a larger runner only. More specifically, since the power generation capacity of a hydroelectric power generation device is generally expressed by “K (proportional constant) × flow velocity ² × flow rate”, a water channel with a high head (high flow velocity) and a small flow rate (a water channel with a small cross-sectional area). ) And the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator attached to the low head (low flow velocity) and high flow rate waterway (waterway having a large cross-sectional area) may not be much different. In this case, it is not necessary to change the size of the generator portion when a channel having a large cross-sectional area is applied. However, in the case of the structure of the conventional hydroelectric generator, it is necessary to increase not only the runner size (larger diameter) but also the generator portion (larger diameter). On the other hand, since the runner and the generator portion can be designed / manufactured independently, it is only necessary to enlarge the runner without enlarging the generator portion.

  Conversely, when changing the application target from a low-lift and large-flow channel (a channel with a large cross-sectional area) to a high-lift and small-flow channel (a channel with a small cross-sectional area), the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator changes significantly. There may not be. In this case, since the runner and the generator portion can be designed / manufactured independently, it is only necessary to downsize the runner without changing the size of the generator portion.

  In addition, since the generator portion can be easily attached to and detached from the runner, the manufacturing process of the hydroelectric generator is simplified and the maintainability of the hydroelectric generator is improved.

  Moreover, although the installation location of the generator portion is changed from the runner to the boss, the shape of the runner does not need to be changed from the structure of the conventional hydroelectric generator. For this reason, for example, the structure of a conventional water-lubricated bearing having features such as complete non-contact of the runner, low vibration, low noise, and oillessness can be inherited as it is.

  In addition, since the generator part is installed on the rotating boss and the fixed boss located on the axial center side of the runner casing with respect to the runner, the generator part is exposed to the water flow in the water channel during power generation. It is not necessary to provide a cooling mechanism of a scale corresponding to the diameter of the water channel so as to surround the outer periphery of the water channel such as the hydroelectric power generation apparatus. Further, it is not necessary to provide a generator stator having a scale corresponding to the diameter of the water channel so as to surround the outer periphery of the water channel as in the conventional hydroelectric generator.

  Further, in the case of the conventional hydroelectric generator, since a heavy permanent magnet is attached to the outer peripheral curved surface of the runner, the inertial moment of the runner is large, and a lot of energy is required to start / stop the runner. In addition, the permanent magnet was easily detached from the outer peripheral curved surface of the runner due to the centrifugal force during rotation. On the other hand, since the generator part is installed on the rotating boss and the fixed boss located on the axial center side of the runner casing with respect to the runner, the moment of inertia of the runner can be reduced, so it is necessary to start / stop the runner. Energy is suppressed.

  In addition, the process of installing the permanent magnet field on the rotating boss located on the axial center side of the runner casing relative to the runner is compared to the process of attaching the permanent magnet to the outer peripheral curved surface of the runner as in the conventional hydroelectric generator. Easy. That is, in the case of a conventional hydroelectric power generation device, it is necessary to attach a permanent magnet after the runner is manufactured. On the other hand, by adopting a structure in which a rotating boss having an armature installed on the runner is fitted, the generator portion can be designed / manufactured independently without waiting for the runner to be produced.

  In the hydroelectric power generation device, one unit is fixed, which includes a guide vane fixed to an inner wall of the upstream pipe, and the boss is fixed to the upstream pipe along the axial center direction of the runner casing. The one unit fixed boss in which the permanent magnet field is installed and the armature is installed in the one unit rotating boss. May be fixed to the surface of the guide vane on the axial center side of the upstream pipe.

  According to the above configuration, since the guide vane is usually fixed to the upstream pipe, the hydroelectric generator is more preferably fixed to the fixed boss in which the armature is installed via the guide vane on the upstream pipe. The configuration is simplified. Specifically, by inserting a power cable inside the guide vane, the electromotive force generated in the armature installed on the fixed boss can be taken out of the water channel via the power cable. Become.

  The hydroelectric generator has a guide vane fixed to an inner wall of the upstream pipe, and the boss is fixed to the upstream pipe and the downstream pipe along the axial center direction of the runner casing. 2 units of fixed bosses and 1 unit of rotating bosses fitted to the runner. The one unit of rotating bosses is provided with the permanent magnet field, One fixed boss where the armature is installed is fixed to the inner wall of the downstream pipe, and the other fixed boss where the armature is not installed is the shaft of the upstream pipe. It is good also as being fixed to the surface of the guide vane on the center side.

  In the hydroelectric generator, the boss is fitted in the runner with two fixed bosses fixed to the upstream side pipe and the downstream side pipe along the axial direction of the runner casing. The permanent magnet field may be installed on the rotating boss of the one unit, and the armature may be installed on both of the fixed bosses of the two units.

  According to the said structure, since an armature is installed in both fixed boss | hubs of 2 units fixedly installed in the upstream piping and downstream piping, it becomes possible to enlarge electric power generation capacity more.

  In the hydroelectric generator, the boss is rotated along the axial direction of the runner casing by two unit fixed bosses fixed to the upstream side pipe and the downstream side pipe and one unit rotation fitted to the runner. A field adjuster and a power transmission coil for transmitting AC power output from the field adjuster are installed on one of the fixed bosses of the two units. The rotating boss of the unit includes a power receiving coil disposed opposite to the power transmitting coil, a rectifier that rectifies AC power received in the power receiving coil, and an electromagnetic field that is excited by DC power output from the rectifier. , And the armature is installed on the other fixed boss of the two units so as to face the electromagnet field.

  According to the above-described configuration, the structure of the synchronous generator of the electromagnetic field type is used instead of the permanent magnet field type. Therefore, when the power generation capacity is increased, it is not necessary to use an expensive permanent magnet as compared with the electromagnet. Further, the power factor can be improved by adjusting the magnetic field, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

  According to the present invention, a hydroelectric generator having a structure suitable from the viewpoint of productivity, economy, and miniaturization according to the specifications (flow velocity, flow rate, cross-sectional area, etc.) of a water channel to be applied is provided. Can do.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a hydroelectric generator that is used in a water channel according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the rotor of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an installation example of armatures installed on the stator of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an installation example of the permanent magnet field installed in the rotor of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the structural effect of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the hydroelectric power generation apparatus showing in detail the structure around the water-lubricated bearing shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a hydroelectric generator that is used in a water channel according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a hydroelectric generator that is used in a water channel according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a hydroelectric generator that is used in a water channel according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration example in the two-unit fixed boss and the one-unit rotating boss of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional hydroelectric generator. FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a structural problem of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings, and redundant description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a hydroelectric generator that is used in a water channel according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the rotor (runner 5 and rotating boss 4b described later) of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an installation example of armatures installed on the stator (fixed boss 4a described later) of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an installation example of the permanent magnet field installed in the rotor of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG.

  1 includes a runner casing that is sandwiched between an upstream pipe 1 and a downstream pipe 2 that are attached to a water channel (see FIG. 5), and between the upstream pipe 1 and the downstream pipe 2. 3, streamlined bosses (4 a, 4 b) that are arranged in the axial direction of the runner casing 3 and guide the water flow toward the inner wall of the upstream pipe 1 to increase the flow velocity, and the runner casing 3 has a runner casing 3 in the runner casing 3. 3, a runner 5 having a circular opening (see FIG. 2) accommodated so as to be rotatable around the axis of 3, and a guide vane 6 fixed to the inner wall of the upstream pipe 1. ing. A plurality of propeller blades (not shown) projecting from the radially inner side of the runner 5 are arranged, and the guide vane 6 plays a role of guiding the water flow in a direction suitable for the inclination of the plurality of propeller blades of the runner 5. Fulfill.

  As shown in FIG. 1, streamlined bosses (4 a, 4 b) are one unit boss (hereinafter referred to as a fixed boss) 4 a fixed to the upstream pipe 1 in the axial direction of the runner casing 3. The unit is divided into two bosses (hereinafter referred to as “rotary bosses”) 4b fitted into the circular opening (see FIG. 2) of the runner 5. The fixed boss 4a is provided with an armature 70 (armature coil 7a, armature core 7b), and the rotating boss 4b is provided with a permanent magnet field 80 having a plurality of magnetic poles so as to face the armature 70. (Permanent magnet 8, laminated electrical steel sheet 9) are installed. Specifically, the fixed boss 4 a is fixed to the surface of the guide vane 6 on the axial center side of the upstream pipe 1, so that the fixed boss 4 a passes through the guide vane 6 on the inner wall of the upstream pipe 1. It is in a fixed state. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotating boss 4 b can be rotated integrally with the runner 5 by being fitted into a circular opening 5 a of the runner 5.

  FIG. 3 shows an installation example of the armature coil 7a and the armature core 7b constituting the armature 70 in the fixed boss 4a. In FIG. 3, as an example of installation of the armature coil 7 a and the armature core 7 b, the armature coil 7 a and the armature core 7 b are viewed from the outer peripheral side of the dome-shaped fixed boss 4 a and the circular cross section of the fixed boss 4 a. The arrangement is associated with a broken line. In the circular cross section of the fixed boss 4a, a plurality of (for example, six) armature coils 7a are installed at equal intervals (for example, at intervals of 60 degrees) along the circumferential direction of the circular cross section. . The planar shape of the armature core 7b around which the armature coil 7a is wound is circular. In FIG. 3, the armature core whose planar shape is a fan shape or a rectangular shape is provided at both adjacent positions in the drawing illustrating an installation example of the armature core 7 b and the armature coil 7 a having a circular planar shape. The installation example seen from the cross section of 7b and the fixed boss | hub 4a of the armature coil 7a is shown. In addition, since the number of armature coils 7a and armature cores 7b is determined by the specification, it is not limited to the number exemplified as described above. The armature 70 is not limited to the form in which the armature coil 7a is wound around the outer periphery of the armature core 7b, but may be a form of an empty armature coil 7a without the armature core 7b.

  FIG. 4 shows an installation example of the permanent magnet 8 constituting the permanent magnet field 80 in the rotating boss 4b. In FIG. 4, as one example of the installation of the permanent magnet 8, the arrangement of the dome-shaped rotating boss 4 b viewed from the outer peripheral side corresponds to the arrangement of the rotating boss 4 b viewed from the circular cross section by a broken line. It is attached. A permanent magnet 8 having a plurality of magnetic poles is embedded in the rotary boss 4b as seen from the circular cross section of the rotary boss 4b. Note that a laminated electromagnetic steel sheet 9 formed by laminating a plurality of annular electromagnetic steel sheets is attached to both planes of the permanent magnet 8 on the inner side when viewed from the cross section of the rotating boss 4b. As a type by the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 8, a pair of N poles / S poles is a four pole type in which a gap is provided for each magnetic pole and separated. In addition, in FIG. 4, a pair of N poles / S poles is a two-pole type in which a gap is provided and separated, and four sets of N poles / S poles are provided separately in a gap for each pole. An 8-pole type or a ring-type shape in which four sets of N poles / S poles are continuously arranged in a ring shape without providing a gap for each magnetic pole is shown. Further, in the case of the circular laminated electromagnetic steel sheet 9, a cylindrical shape in which four sets of fan-shaped N poles / S poles are continuously arranged along the circumferential direction of the laminated electromagnetic steel sheet 9 without providing a gap for each magnetic pole. Is also shown. In addition, since the number of poles is determined by the specification, it is not limited to the number of poles exemplified as described above.

  Further, the hydroelectric generator 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes water-lubricated bearings 30 a and 30 b on the outer periphery of the runner 5. The water-lubricated bearings 30a and 30b are bearings lubricated using water flowing in the water channel, and have features such as complete non-contact of the runner 5, low vibration, low noise, and oillessness. The water-lubricated bearings 30a and 30b can inherit the conventional structure as they are depending on the shape of the outer peripheral portion of the runner 5.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the hydroelectric power generation apparatus showing in detail the structure around the water-lubricated bearing shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the water-lubricated bearings 30 a and 30 b have a bearing structure in the case where the central portion of the outer peripheral curved surface of the runner 5 has an annular shape 5 b. The water-lubricated bearings 30 a and 30 b are connected to a water intake 112 provided in the upstream pipe 1 through a water supply pipe 111, and the water-lubricated bearings 30 a and 30 b are connected to the water supply pipe from the water intake 112 of the upstream pipe 1. Part of the water flow flowing into the water channel via 111 is taken in. A filter 110 made of a wire mesh is installed at the water intake 112 of the upstream pipe 1 and the filter 110 plays a role of removing particles such as dust. The water-lubricated bearings 30a and 30b are disposed opposite to both the upstream and downstream sides of the annular shape 5b, and function as thrust bearings for both the upstream and downstream sides of the annular shape 5b. Further, the portion other than the central portion of the outer peripheral curved surface of the runner 5 has an annular shape 5c having a shorter diameter from the axial center of the runner 5 than the annular shape 5b of the outer peripheral central portion of the runner 5. The water-lubricated bearings 30a and 30b are disposed so as to face the outer peripheral curved surface of the annular shape 5c, and also function as radial bearings for the outer peripheral surface of the annular shape 5c. Ceramics are sprayed on the sliding surfaces of the water-lubricated bearings 30a and 30b with the annular shape 5b of the runner 5. In addition, the water-lubricated bearings 30a and 30b may be formed of a ceramic solid.

  In the hydroelectric generator 100 having the structure described above, the rotating boss 4b provided with the permanent magnet field 80 (permanent magnet 8, laminated magnetic steel sheet 9) of the generator is fitted in the circular opening 5a of the runner 5. In addition, a structure in which an armature 70 (an armature coil 7a, an armature core 7b) of a generator is installed on a fixed boss 4a that is separate from the rotating boss 4b is employed. For this reason, the runner 5 and the generator portion (the rotating boss 4b and the fixed boss 4a) can be designed / manufactured independently, and the productivity is improved accordingly.

For example, the power generation capacity can be determined regardless of the diameter of the runner 5, and a low head (low flow rate) and a large flow rate water channel (that is, a low flow rate and a large flow rate) that are difficult to introduce with conventional hydroelectric generators. Therefore, it is possible to design / manufacture the runner 5 only in a large size for application to a channel having a large cross-sectional area. Referring to FIG. 5 in more detail, since the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator is represented by “K (proportional constant) × flow velocity ² × flow rate”, a high head (high flow velocity) and a small flow rate water channel (that is, Power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator attached to the channel 200a having a small cross-sectional area due to the relationship between the high flow rate and the small flow rate) and a water channel having a low head (low flow rate) and a large flow rate (a channel having a large cross-sectional area) 200b There is a case where the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric power generator is not so different. In this case, when the application target is changed from a high-lift and small-flow channel (water channel with a small cross-sectional area) to a low-lift and high-flow channel (water channel with a large cross-sectional area), the generator part of the hydroelectric generator There is no need to change the size. However, in the case of the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, not only the runner 303 is enlarged (larger diameter) but also the generator part (306) is enlarged (large) as the cross-sectional area of the water channel increases. It was necessary to calibrate. On the other hand, in the case of the hydroelectric generator 100 having the above-described structure, the runner 5 and the generator portion (the rotating boss 4b and the fixed boss 4a) can be designed / manufactured independently, so that the applied water channel Only the runner 5 needs to be enlarged according to the cross-sectional area.

  Conversely, when changing the application target from a low-lift and large-flow channel (a channel with a large cross-sectional area) to a high-lift and small-flow channel (a channel with a small cross-sectional area), the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric generator changes significantly. There may not be. In this case, since the runner 5 and the generator part (the rotating boss 4b and the fixed boss 4a) can be designed / manufactured independently, only the runner 5 can be downsized without changing the size of the generator part. That's it.

  In addition, in the case of a low-lift and small-flow channel (channel with a small cross-sectional area), both the runner 5 and the generator part may be reduced in size, but the runner 5 and the generator part can be designed / manufactured independently. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficient power generation capacity, only the generator portion can be enlarged.

  Further, since the generator portion can be easily attached to and detached from the runner 5, the manufacturing process of the hydroelectric generator is simplified, and the maintainability of the hydroelectric generator is improved.

  Moreover, although the installation location of the generator portion is changed from the runner 5 to the rotating boss 4b and the fixed boss 4a, the shape of the runner 5 does not need to be changed from the structure of the conventional hydroelectric generator. Therefore, for example, the structure of the water-lubricated bearing of the conventional hydroelectric generator having features such as complete non-contact of the runner 5, low vibration, low noise, and oilless (see 307a and 307b in FIGS. 11 and 12). Can be inherited as is.

  Further, since the generator portion is installed on the rotating boss 4b and the fixed boss 4a positioned on the axial center side of the runner casing 3 with respect to the runner 5, the generator portion is always exposed to the water flow in the water channel during power generation. Therefore, unlike the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, it is not necessary to provide a cooling mechanism 315 having a scale corresponding to the diameter of the water channel so as to surround the outer periphery of the water channel. Further, it is not necessary to provide a generator stator 306 of a scale corresponding to the diameter of the water channel so as to surround the outer periphery of the water channel as in the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIGS.

  Further, in the case of the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, since the heavy permanent magnet 304 is attached to the outer peripheral curved surface of the runner 303, the inertia moment of the runner 303 is large, and the start / stop of the runner 303 is started. It needed a lot of energy. Further, the permanent magnet 304 was easily detached from the outer peripheral curved surface of the runner 303 by centrifugal force. On the other hand, in the case of the hydroelectric generator 100, the inertia of the runner 5 is provided by installing the generator portion inside the rotating boss 4b and the fixed boss 4a positioned on the axial center side of the runner casing 3 relative to the runner 5. Since the moment can be small, the energy required to start / stop the runner 5 can be suppressed.

  The step of installing the permanent magnet field 80 on the rotating boss 4b positioned on the axial center side of the runner casing 3 with respect to the runner 5 is the same as that of the runner 303 as in the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIGS. This is easier than the process of attaching the permanent magnet 304 to the outer peripheral curved surface. That is, in the case of the conventional hydroelectric generator shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, it is necessary to attach the permanent magnet 304 after the runner 303 is manufactured. On the other hand, by adopting a structure in which the rotating boss 4b in which the permanent magnet field 80 is installed is fitted to the circular opening 5a of the runner 5, the generator portion can be mounted without waiting for the manufacture of the runner 5. It becomes possible to design / manufacture independently.

  Further, since the guide vane 6 is generally fixed in the upstream pipe 1, the armature 70 (the armature coil 7 a and the armature core 7 b) is installed in the upstream pipe 1 through the guide vane 6. If the fixed boss 4a is fixed, the facilities of the hydroelectric generator 100 are simplified. Specifically, the electrical wiring electrically connected to the armature 70 of the fixed boss 4 a is taken into the guide vane 6, and the electrical wiring is taken out of the upstream pipe 1 through the guide vane 6. As shown, a wiring hole for electrical wiring is provided in the guide vane 6.

  As a comparative form of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a rotating shaft disposed in the axial direction of the boss in the boss, a rotor with a permanent magnet that rotates together with the rotating shaft, and an outer periphery of the rotor The form which provided the stator with the armature coil arrange | positioned by providing the space | gap is mentioned. Compared with Embodiment 1 of the present invention, this comparative form is the same in that a generator portion (rotor, stator) is provided in the boss, but a bearing for the rotating shaft is required in the boss. Become. In that case, it is necessary to seal the generator so as not to be exposed to water due to water leakage around the boss rotation shaft. Further, since the rotation shaft is provided so as to penetrate the shaft center of the boss, even if the boss is divided into a plurality of parts, the plurality of divided bosses are continuously provided on the same rotation shaft. Therefore, it can be said that the moment of inertia is larger than that of the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention in which only the rotating boss rotates, and a lot of energy is consumed for starting / stopping the rotor.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a hydroelectric generator that is used in a water channel according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The difference from the hydroelectric generator 100 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 is that it is arranged in the axial center direction of the runner casing 3 and is a streamline that increases the flow velocity by guiding the water flow toward the inner wall of the upstream pipe 1. The shape-shaped boss is divided into a dome-shaped two-unit fixed boss (4a, 4c) and a cylindrical-shaped one-unit rotating boss 4b, and of the two-unit fixed boss (4a, 4c), an electric machine One fixed boss 4c on which the element 70 (armature coil 7a, armature core 7b) is installed is fixed to the inner wall of the downstream pipe 2, and the armature 70 (of the two unit fixed bosses (4a, 4c)) The other fixed boss 4a on which the armature coil 7a and the armature core 7b) are not installed is fixed to the surface of the guide vane 6a on the axial center side of the upstream pipe 1. In other words, in the case of the hydraulic power generation apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1, the armature 70 is installed on the fixed boss 4 a fixed to the upstream pipe 1 via the guide vane 6. The electromotive force generated in is taken out from the outside of the upstream pipe 1 through the guide vane 6. On the other hand, in the case of the hydraulic power generation apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 7, the armature 70 is installed on the fixed boss 4c fixed to the downstream pipe 2 via the boss fixing member 6b. The electromotive force generated in 70 is taken out from the outside of the downstream pipe 2 through the boss fixing member 6b.

  The other configuration is the same as that of the hydroelectric power generation apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the hydroelectric generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The difference from the hydroelectric power generation apparatus 101 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is that both two units of fixed bosses (4a, 4c) have armatures (70a, 4a) composed of an armature coil 7a and an armature core 7b. 70b) is installed. In other words, in the case of the hydraulic power generation apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 7, the generated power is taken out from the armature 70 of the fixed boss 4c fixed to the downstream pipe 2 via the boss fixing member 6b. ing. On the other hand, in the case of the hydraulic power generation apparatus 102 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the generated power is taken out from the armature 70b of the fixed boss 4c fixed to the downstream pipe 2 via the boss fixing member 6b. The generated power is taken out from the armature 70a of the fixed boss 4a fixed to the upstream pipe 1 via the guide vane 6a.

  The rotating boss 4b is opposed to the permanent magnet field 80a composed of the permanent magnet 8 and the laminated electromagnetic steel sheet 9 disposed opposite to the armature 70a of the upstream fixed boss 4a, and to the armature 70b of the downstream fixed boss 4c. A permanent magnet field 80b composed of the permanent magnet 8 and the laminated electromagnetic steel sheet 9 to be disposed is installed. That is, among the two circular cross sections of the cylindrical rotating boss 4b, the upstream cross section is provided with a plurality of magnetic pole permanent magnet fields 80a arranged opposite to the armature 70a, and the downstream cross section is provided with an electric machine. A plurality of magnetic pole permanent magnet fields 80b disposed opposite to the child 70b are provided. As the permanent magnet 8 of the permanent magnet field 80a and the permanent magnet field 80b, various installation examples shown in FIG. 4 can be adopted. In addition to the permanent magnet fields 80a and 80b being installed on the upstream and downstream sides of the cylindrical rotating boss 4b, a permanent magnet is disposed in the center of the electrical steel sheet laminate in which a plurality of electrical steel sheets are laminated. Permanent magnet field consisting of That is, the field poles of the generator for the upstream armature 70a and the downstream armature 70b of the rotating boss 4b can be shared by the permanent magnets at the center of the electrical steel sheet laminate. This further improves productivity and economy and facilitates downsizing.

  Since other configurations are the same as those of the hydroelectric generator 100 according to the first embodiment and the hydroelectric generator 101 according to the second embodiment, description thereof will be omitted.

  According to the hydroelectric generator 102 having the structure described above, the armatures (70a, 70b) are installed on both of the two units of the fixed bosses (4a, 4c) fixed to the upstream pipe 1 and the downstream pipe 2. As a result, the power generation capacity can be further increased.

(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a hydroelectric generator that is used in a water channel according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example in the two-unit fixed boss and the one-unit rotary boss of the hydroelectric generator shown in FIG. 9.

  The hydroelectric generator 103 shown in FIG. 9 is similar to the hydroelectric generator 101 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7 and the hydroelectric generator 102 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. The streamlined boss that guides the water flow in the direction of the inner wall of the upstream pipe 1 and increases the flow velocity is divided into two fixed bosses (4a, 4c) and one unit rotating boss 4b. ing. However, the hydroelectric generator 101 shown in FIG. 7 and the hydroelectric generator 102 shown in FIG. 8 use the permanent magnet field 80, whereas the hydroelectric generator 103 shown in FIG. 9 uses the electromagnet field 14. Is different.

  Specifically, one of the two units of fixed bosses (4a, 4c) has a field adjuster 10 and a power transmission coil (induction) for transmitting AC power output from the field adjuster 10 to one fixed boss 4a. Coil) 11 is installed. Further, the rotating boss 4 b is provided with a power receiving coil (induction coil) 12 disposed opposite to the power transmitting coil 11, a rectifier 13 that rectifies AC power received by the power receiving coil 12, and DC power output from the rectifier 13. An electromagnet field 14 comprising a field coil wound around a field core to be excited is installed. Of the two unit fixed bosses (4a, 4c), the other fixed boss 4c is provided with an armature 15 formed of an armature coil wound around an armature core so as to be opposed to the electromagnet field 14. Has been.

  That is, the power transmission coil 11 generates an electromagnetic field by the AC power output from the field regulator 10, and the power reception coil 12 receives the electromagnetic field generated by the power transmission coil 11 by electromagnetic induction. Thereby, an induced electromotive force is generated in the power receiving coil 12. The induced electromotive force is rectified to DC power by the rectifier 13 and supplied to the electromagnet field 14. Since the electromagnet field 14 functions as an electromagnet and rotates around the axis of the runner casing 3 together with the rotating boss 4b, an electromotive force is generated in the armature 15.

  According to the hydroelectric generator 103 having the above-described structure, the structure of an electromagnetic field type synchronous generator is used instead of the structure of a permanent magnet field type synchronous generator, so that an expensive permanent magnet is not used. I'll do it. Further, the power factor can be improved by adjusting the field, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

  From the foregoing description, many modifications and other embodiments of the present invention are obvious to one skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be construed as illustrative only and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention. The details of the structure and / or function may be substantially changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

  The present invention is not installed in a dam, but is installed in a water channel with a difference in height, particularly a low head and a large flow channel that is not particularly used for power generation such as water and sewage, small rivers, agricultural water channels, and industrial drainage channels. This is useful for hydropower generators used in the future.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Upstream piping 2 ... Downstream piping 3 ... Runner casing 4a, 4c ... Fixed boss 4b ... Rotating boss 5 ... Runner 5a ... Opening 5b, 5c ... Ring shape 10 ... Field regulator 100, 101, 102, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 103 ... Hydroelectric generator 110 ... Filter 111 ... Water supply piping 112 ... Water intake 11 ... Power transmission coil 12 ... Power receiving coil 13 ... Rectifier 14 ... Electromagnet field 15 ... Armature 200a, 200b ... Water channel 30a, 30b ... Water lubrication bearing 6 , 6a ... guide vane 6b ... boss fixing member 70, 70a, 70b ... armature 7a ... armature coil 7b ... armature core 80 ... permanent magnet field 8 ... permanent magnet 9 ... laminated magnetic steel sheet

Claims (5)

In a hydroelectric power generation device that is used in a waterway,
An upstream pipe and a downstream pipe attached to the water channel;
A runner casing sandwiched between the upstream pipe and the downstream pipe;
A boss arranged in the axial direction of the runner casing;
A runner accommodated in the runner casing so as to be rotatable around an axis of the runner casing;
With
The boss is divided into a rotating boss and at least one fixed boss;
The rotating boss is fitted to the runner;
The at least one fixed boss is fixedly arranged at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the runner casing with respect to the rotating boss,
The fixed boss and the rotating boss have disk-shaped ends facing each other in their axial directions,
An armature is installed at the end of the at least one fixed boss,
The rotating boss is provided with a permanent magnet field or an electromagnet field at the end of the rotating boss so as to face the armature of the at least one fixed boss.
Hydroelectric generator. A guide vane fixed to the inner wall of the upstream pipe;
The boss is divided along the axial center direction of the runner casing into one unit of the fixed boss fixed to the upstream pipe and one unit of the rotating boss fitted to the runner.
The permanent magnet field is installed on the rotating boss of the one unit,
The hydroelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the fixed boss of the one unit on which the armature is installed is fixed to a surface of the guide vane on the axial center side of the upstream pipe. A guide vane fixed to the inner wall of the upstream pipe;
The two bosses fixed to the upstream pipe and the downstream pipe along the axial direction of the runner casing and the one unit rotary boss fitted to the runner. Divided,
The permanent magnet field is installed on the rotating boss of the one unit,
One fixed boss where the armature is installed among the fixed bosses of the two units is fixed to the inner wall of the downstream pipe,
2. The hydroelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the other fixed boss of the two units that is not provided with the armature is fixed to the surface of the guide vane on the axial center side of the upstream pipe. . The two bosses fixed to the upstream pipe and the downstream pipe along the axial direction of the runner casing and the one unit rotary boss fitted to the runner. Divided,
The permanent magnet field is installed on the rotating boss of the one unit,
The hydroelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the armature is installed on both of the two unit fixed bosses. The two bosses fixed to the upstream pipe and the downstream pipe along the axial direction of the runner casing and the one unit rotary boss fitted to the runner. Divided,
One fixed boss of the two unit fixed bosses is provided with a field regulator and a power transmission coil for transmitting AC power output from the field regulator,
The rotating boss of the one unit includes a power receiving coil disposed opposite to the power transmitting coil, a rectifier that rectifies AC power received by the power receiving coil, and the electromagnet that is excited by DC power output from the rectifier. Field, and
2. The hydraulic power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the armature is installed on the other fixed boss of the two units of the fixed boss so as to be opposed to the electromagnet field.

Images