JP5742265B2 - Physical quantity measuring device for rotating member, machine tool and vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides a displacement amount of a rotating member that rotates at a high speed while receiving a high load, such as a main shaft of various machine tools such as a milling machine and a machining center, or a rotating bearing member constituting a rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel of an automobile. And a physical quantity of at least one of the load acting on the rotating member.

  For example, the spindle of a machine tool rotates at a high speed with a tool such as a blade fixed at the tip, and performs processing such as cutting on the workpiece fixed on the processing table. A spindle head (head), which is a housing that rotatably supports the spindle, moves by a predetermined amount in a predetermined direction as the workpiece is processed, and the workpiece has a predetermined size and shape. To process. In such a machining operation, it is necessary to ensure the moving speed of the spindle head in order to ensure the durability of the tool and the quality of the workpiece while ensuring the machining efficiency. That is, if the moving speed is too high, an excessive force is applied to the tool, and not only the durability of the tool is remarkably impaired, but also the surface property of the work piece is deteriorated or, Damage such as cracks may occur in the workpiece. On the contrary, when the moving speed is too slow, the processing efficiency of the workpiece is easily deteriorated.

  The appropriate value of the spindle head movement speed is not constant, but varies greatly depending on the type (size) of the tool and the material and shape of the work piece. Therefore, the movement speed is kept constant while keeping the movement speed constant. It is difficult to maintain. For this reason, it is conventionally known that the moving speed is adjusted to an appropriate value by measuring the load applied to the main spindle to which the tool is fixed. That is, when a work such as cutting is performed on a workpiece with a tool, a load is applied to the tool and the main shaft to which the tool is fixed due to processing resistance. The machining resistance, and hence the load applied to the main shaft, increases as the moving speed increases, and conversely decreases as the moving speed decreases. Therefore, if the moving speed is adjusted so that the load falls within a predetermined range, the moving speed can be kept within an appropriate range.

  In addition, when other conditions such as the moving speed are the same, the load increases as the cutting property (sharpness) of the tool deteriorates. Therefore, by observing the magnitude of the load in relation to the moving speed, it is possible to know that the tool has reached the end of its life, and deterioration in yield due to continuing processing with a defective tool that has reached the end of its life. Can be prevented. In addition, by continuously observing the load in association with other machining conditions such as the moving speed, it is possible to find the optimum machining conditions and lead to energy saving and long tool life. Furthermore, by continuous observation, the cause of an accident such as tool breakage can be identified.

  For such a purpose, a device having a structure described in Patent Document 1, for example, is conventionally known as a device for measuring a load (cutting resistance) applied to a rotating shaft such as a main shaft of a machine tool. The load measuring apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of quartz piezoelectric type load sensors arranged in series with respect to the direction of load application, and supports a cutting tool based on measurement signals of these load sensors. The load (cutting resistance) applied to the fixed rotating shaft is measured. In the case of such a load measuring device described in Patent Document 1, since an expensive quartz piezoelectric load sensor is used, it is inevitable that the cost of the load measuring device as a whole increases.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 describes an invention relating to a rolling bearing unit with a load measuring device, which includes a magnetic encoder and sensor, which can be procured at a lower cost than a quartz piezoelectric load sensor. For example, in paragraphs [0066] to [0068] of Patent Document 2, an encoder 1 as shown in FIG. 33 is used, and the amount of displacement in the axial direction of a rotating member that supports the encoder 1 concentrically, as a result, A technique for measuring an axial load applied to a rotating member is described.

  The encoder 1 is formed by forming a magnetic metal plate such as a steel plate in a cylindrical shape, each of which is a characteristic change part, and a plurality of characteristic change combination parts 3 each consisting of a pair of through holes 2a, 2b, 3 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The inclination angles of the two through holes 2a and 2b constituting the characteristic change combination portions 3 and 3 with respect to the axial direction of the encoder 1 are equal in absolute value and have positive and negative signs (inclination directions). It is reversed. Such an encoder 1 is fixed to a part of a rotating member such as a main shaft of a machine tool concentrically with the rotating member. At the same time, in a state where a magnetic detection type sensor is supported on a part of a stationary member provided in a portion adjacent to the rotating member, the detection unit of the sensor is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1 through a minute gap. And make them face each other.

In this state, when the encoder 1 rotates together with the main shaft, the detection unit of the sensor scans the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1 which is a detected surface. Since the magnetic characteristics of the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1 change in the circumferential direction due to the presence of the through holes 2a and 2b, the output signal of the sensor changes as the encoder 1 rotates. For example, when the detection unit of this sensor scans the chain line a position in FIG. 34 (a) on the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1, the output signal of this sensor changes as shown in FIG. 34 (b). To do. In FIG. 34 (b), 1 is generated based on the through holes 2a and 2a on one side in the circumferential direction (left side in the figure) of the pair of characteristic change combination portions 3 and 3 adjacent in the circumferential direction. Let the period between the pair of pulses be the total period L ₁ . Further, the pair of through holes 2a constituting the same characteristic change combining unit 3, the period between pulses of a pair generated based on 2b the partial period [delta] _1. When the detection unit of the sensor scans the chain line b position, the pulse cycle ratio δ ₁ / L ₁ , which is the ratio between the partial cycle δ ₁ and the total cycle L ₁ , is a relatively small value. On the other hand, when the detection unit of the sensor scans the position of the chain line in FIG. 34A, the output signal of the sensor changes as shown in FIG. The pulse cycle ratio δ ₂ / L ₂ , which is the ratio between the partial cycle δ ₂ and the total cycle L ₂ , is a relatively large value.

  In this way, the pulse cycle ratio δ / L relating to the output signal of the sensor varies depending on the axial position of the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1 (the width direction position of the detected surface) scanned by the detection unit of the sensor. And this axial position changes with the axial displacement of the rotating member which fixed the encoder. Accordingly, if software that incorporates an expression for calculating the axial displacement of the rotating member is installed in an arithmetic unit for processing the output signal of the sensor, the arithmetic unit calculates the pulse cycle ratio. Based on δ / L, the axial displacement amount of the rotating member can be calculated. Further, when the rotating member is rotatably supported by a rolling bearing to which a preload is applied, the axial displacement amount of the rotating member changes according to the magnitude of the axial load applied to the rotating member. In other words, there is a reproducible and reproducible correlation between the axial load applied to the rotating member and the axial displacement of the rotating member. And this correlation is calculated | required not only by calculation by the elastic contact theory widely known in the field of a rolling bearing but also by experiment. Therefore, if software that incorporates an equation for calculating the axial load in consideration of the correlation is installed in the calculator, the calculator calculates the pulse period ratio δ / L based on the pulse period ratio δ / L. An axial load applied to the rotating member can be calculated.

  By the way, if the output signal of the sensor used in combination with the encoder 1 as described above can be used to measure the rotational speed of the rotating member such as the main shaft, it is not necessary to separately provide a device for measuring the rotational speed. Therefore, space saving and cost reduction can be achieved. Therefore, the possibility of such use will be examined. First, among each of the through holes 2a and 2b provided in the encoder 1, a plurality of through holes 2a and 2a (or 2b and 2b) each provided in the circumferential direction are arranged in the circumferential direction. Are arranged at equal intervals. In addition, the inclination angles of these through holes 2a, 2a (or 2b, 2b) in consideration of the positive and negative signs with respect to the axial direction of the encoder 1 are equal. That is, the intervals in the circumferential direction of these through holes 2a, 2a (or 2b, 2b) are equal intervals, and the size of the interval is any position in the axial direction of the encoder 1. Are also equal. Therefore, the frequency (or period) of the pulse generated based on each of the through holes 2a, 2a (or 2b, 2b) depends on the rotational speed of the rotating member regardless of the axial position of the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1. It is proportional (or inversely proportional). For this reason, the rotational speed of the rotating member can be measured based on the frequency (or period) of the pulse.

  However, the frequency (or period) of the pulse generated based on each of the through holes 2a, 2a (or 2b, 2b) depends on the variation of the axial load acting on the rotating member, apart from the rotational speed of the rotating member. Also fluctuate. In other words, each of the through holes 2 a and 2 a (or 2 b and 2 b) is inclined with respect to the axial direction of the encoder 1. In other words, the phase of the arrangement of these through holes 2a, 2a (or 2b, 2b) in the circumferential direction gradually changes in the axial direction of the encoder 1. Therefore, when the axial load acting on the rotating member (the axial position of the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1 scanned by the detection unit of the sensor) varies, the through holes 2a, 2a (or 2b, 2b) Based on this, the phase of the generated pulse varies, and the frequency (or period) of this pulse varies accordingly. Such a variation in the frequency (or period) of the pulse is not preferable because it causes a decrease in the measurement accuracy of the rotational speed. Therefore, it is desirable to realize a structure that does not cause such inconvenience.

JP 2002-187048 A JP 2006-317420 A

  In view of the circumstances as described above, the present invention is based on an output signal of a sensor used for measuring at least one physical quantity of a displacement amount of a rotating member and a load acting on the rotating member. The invention was invented to realize a structure capable of measuring the rotational speed of a member with high accuracy.

The physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of the present invention includes a stationary member, a rotating member, an encoder, a sensor, and a calculator.
Of these, the stationary member does not rotate during use.
The rotating member is rotatably supported with respect to the stationary member by a plurality of rolling bearings each provided with a preload.
The encoder is supported and fixed to a part of the rotating member and has a detected surface concentric with the rotating member. This detected surface has a plurality of characteristic change combination portions arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and each of these characteristic change combination portions has an inclination angle that also takes into account positive and negative signs with respect to the width direction of the detected surface. Are provided with a pair of characteristic change portions different from each other in the circumferential direction of the detected surface.
Further, the sensor is supported by the stationary member in a state where the detection portion faces the detected surface. Then, each of the characteristic change units constituting each of the characteristic change combination units changes the output signal at the moment of passing through a portion of the detected surface where the detection unit faces.
Further, the computing unit processes an output signal of the sensor. Specifically, the entire period which is a period between a pair of pulses generated based on a characteristic change part on one side in the circumferential direction of a pair of characteristic change combination parts adjacent in the circumferential direction, and both of these characteristic change parts A ratio between a characteristic change part and a partial period which is a period between a pair of pulses generated on the basis of another characteristic change part arranged between these characteristic change parts with respect to the circumferential direction. Based on a certain pulse cycle ratio, each calculates a physical quantity of at least one of the displacement amount of the rotating member and the load applied to the rotating member with respect to the width direction of the detected surface.
In the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to the present invention, the encoder is made of a magnetic metal.
Further, the pair of characteristic change portions constituting each of the characteristic change combination portions is a straight through hole or a concave groove. Furthermore, of these two characteristic change parts, the characteristic change part arranged on either side with respect to the circumferential direction is a non-inclined characteristic change part formed in the width direction of the detected surface. At the same time, the characteristic changing portion arranged on the other side in the circumferential direction is an inclined characteristic changing portion formed in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the width direction of the detected surface.

Further, in the case of the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to the present invention, in addition to the function of calculating the physical quantity in the computing unit, the period between a pair of pulses generated based on the non-tilt characteristic changing portion. A function for calculating the rotation speed of the rotating member from all the cycles and a function for selecting whether or not to execute the physical quantity calculation processing every time the whole cycle elapses are provided.

For this purpose, for example, as in the invention described in claim 2 , each time the entire period elapses, the arithmetic unit is caused to obtain an integrated value of the entire period. At the same time, the integrated value is compared with a preset threshold value. The physical quantity calculation process is executed only when the integrated value exceeds the threshold value. In this case, the integrated value is returned to zero when the physical quantity calculation process is executed.
In this case, the configuration of the invention described in claim 3 is preferably employed. Specifically, the physical quantity calculation process is executed once using the information acquired during the entire period after the entire period has elapsed while the rotating member is rotating at the maximum rotation speed. Based on the time required until the end, the threshold is set to a time longer than this time.

Alternatively, instead of the configuration of the invention described in claim 2 described above, for example, the configuration of the invention described in claim 4 is adopted. Specifically, the arithmetic unit is caused to measure the number of elapsed times of the entire period every time the entire period elapses. At the same time, the number of elapsed times is compared with a predetermined number of times set in advance. The physical quantity calculation process is executed only when the number of elapsed times matches the specified number of times. In this case, the number of elapsed times is reset to zero when the physical quantity calculation process is executed.
In this case, preferably, the configuration of the invention described in claim 5 is employed. Specifically, the total period of a state where the rotating member is rotating at a predetermined constant rotational speed and L _S, after the elapse of this full period L _S in this state during the entire period L _S When the time required to complete the physical quantity calculation process once using the acquired information is T _S , the specified number of times is larger than the ratio T _S / L _S. A natural number.

Further, when carrying out the present invention, preferably, as in the invention described in claim 6 , as the encoder, a first encoder having a circumferential surface as a detected surface, and an axial side surface as a detected surface. The second encoder is provided. At the same time, as the sensor, a first sensor whose detection portion faces the detection surface of the first encoder, and a second sensor whose detection portion faces the detection surface of the second encoder. And a sensor.

Further, when the present invention is carried out, preferably, as in the invention described in claim 7 , an encoder having an axial side surface to be detected is provided. At the same time, as the sensor, a pair of sensors is provided in which each detection unit is opposed to a portion different from each other in the circumferential direction on the detected surface of the encoder.

When the physical quantity measuring apparatus for a rotating member according to the present invention is implemented, the stationary member is a housing constituting a machine tool, for example, as in the invention described in claim 8 . At the same time, the rotating member is used as a main shaft constituting the machine tool.
The machine tool according to the present invention includes the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member described in claim 8.
Further, when the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of the present invention is implemented, for example, as in the invention described in claim 10, the stationary member is a stationary side race ring member constituting a wheel bearing rolling bearing unit, Or it is set as the member which comprises a part of vehicle body. At the same time, the rotating member is a rotating side bearing ring member constituting the wheel supporting rolling bearing unit.
The vehicle according to the present invention includes the physical measuring device for a rotating member described in claim 10.

According to the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of the present invention configured as described above, the output of a sensor used for measuring at least one of the displacement amount of the rotating member and the load acting on the rotating member. Based on the signal, the rotational speed of the rotating member can be accurately measured without being affected by the change in the physical quantity.
In other words, a plurality of non-inclination characteristic changing portions are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the detection surface of the encoder. Each of these non-inclined characteristic changing portions is formed in a direction that coincides with the width direction of the detected surface. That is, the phase of the arrangement in the circumferential direction of each of the non-tilt characteristic changing portions does not change in the width direction of the detected surface. For this reason, among the output signals of the sensor, the frequency (or period) of the pulse generated based on each non-tilt characteristic changing unit is the value of the physical quantity (the detected surface scanned by the detecting unit of the sensor). Regardless of the position in the width direction), it changes corresponding to only the rotational speed of the rotating member. Moreover, if the rotational speed is constant, the frequency (or period) of the pulse does not change even when the value of the physical quantity is changing. Therefore, based on the frequency (or period) of this pulse, the rotational speed of the rotating member can be accurately measured without being affected by the change in the physical quantity.

In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an abnormality in the calculation processing of the physical quantity (displacement amount, load) in a state where the rotating member rotates at a high speed, and to respond to the measurement of the physical quantity (per unit time) , The number of times this physical quantity is calculated) can be sufficiently ensured in the entire rotational speed range of the rotating member. This point will be described in detail below.

  First, the arithmetic unit constituting the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to the present invention basically executes the physical quantity calculation process every time the entire period elapses. Therefore, if this total period is shortened, the responsiveness relating to the measurement of the physical quantity is improved accordingly. On the other hand, the length of this entire cycle becomes shorter (longer) as the number of characteristic change combination portions provided on the detection surface becomes larger (smaller). Therefore, if the number of characteristic change combination portions provided on the detection surface is increased, the responsiveness regarding the measurement of the physical quantity can be improved accordingly. However, the length of the whole cycle also changes depending on the rotation speed of the rotating member. That is, the length of this whole cycle becomes shorter (longer) as the rotational speed of the rotating member becomes higher (lower). Therefore, if the number of characteristic change combination portions provided on the detected surface is increased, the entire period when the rotating member rotates at high speed becomes too short, and the processing capability of the computing unit may not be able to keep up. Specifically, before the physical quantity calculation process started first is completed, the next physical quantity calculation process may be started, and this physical quantity calculation process may be executed redundantly. As a result, there is a possibility that the calculation process time of the physical quantity for each time becomes long or, if it is remarkable, the calculation process of the physical quantity cannot be performed at all. The occurrence of such an abnormality can be avoided by reducing the number of characteristic change combination portions provided on the detected surface. However, if the number of characteristic change combination portions provided on the detection surface is reduced, the length of the entire cycle in the state where the rotating member rotates at a low speed becomes long, and the responsiveness regarding the measurement of the physical quantity in this state. It becomes difficult to secure enough.

On the other hand, according to the present invention , for example, in a state where the rotating member rotates at a low speed, the physical quantity calculation process is executed every time the entire period elapses, and the rotating member rotates at a high speed. Then, the physical quantity calculation process is not executed every time the entire period elapses, but is executed once every several times (interval at which the physical quantity calculation process is not executed redundantly). it can. In this way, by increasing the number of characteristic change combination portions provided on the detected surface, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the responsiveness related to the measurement of the physical quantity in a state where the rotating member rotates at a low speed, and It is possible to prevent the processing capability of the computing unit from catching up with the rotating member rotating at a high speed. Therefore, in this way, while preventing the occurrence of an abnormality in the physical quantity calculation process in a state where the rotating member rotates at a high speed, the responsiveness relating to the measurement of the physical quantity can be improved with respect to all rotations of the rotating member. Sufficiently secured within the speed range.

Further, when the present invention is implemented, if the configuration of the invention described in claim 6 is adopted, the axial displacement amount of the rotating member and the rotating member are determined based on the pulse period ratio of the output signal of the first sensor. The physical quantity of at least one of the axial loads applied in the axial direction can be calculated. At the same time, the physical quantity of at least one of the radial displacement amount of the rotating member and the radial load applied to the rotating member in the radial direction can be calculated based on the pulse cycle ratio of the output signal of the second sensor.

Further, when the present invention is implemented, if the configuration of the invention described in claim 7 is adopted, the relative arrangement angle of the detection portions of the pair of sensors around the central axis of the detected surface is α degrees. In some cases, based on the pulse period ratios of the output signals of both sensors, the radial displacement amount and the radial load in two directions, each of which is a physical quantity related to the rotating member and whose crossing angle is α degrees, can be measured. it can.

Sectional drawing which shows the 1st example of embodiment of this invention. The X section enlarged view of FIG. The perspective view which takes out and shows an encoder. The expanded view which shows a part of outer peripheral surface of an encoder which is a to-be-detected surface. The perspective view which takes out a sensor unit and shows in the state (a) which is not coat | covering the sensor mounting part of a front-end | tip, and the state (b) covered. The schematic diagram for demonstrating the reason which can measure a physical quantity based on the output signal of a sensor. The schematic diagram which shows the processing content in the task A performed when a computing unit calculates | requires a physical quantity. The schematic diagram which shows the processing content in the task A, and the execution point of the task B in case a pattern advance number is 1. FIG. FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 when the pattern advance number is 2. FIG. The schematic diagram which shows the execution point of the task B in case the number of pattern advance is 3-5. The schematic diagram which shows the pulse period buffer of length 2. The schematic diagram which shows the flow of the process performed when performing the task B once in the state in which the main shaft is rotating at the maximum rotation speed. The schematic diagram which shows the 2nd example of embodiment of this invention, and shows the processing content in the task A performed when a computing unit calculates | requires a physical quantity. The schematic diagram which shows the processing content in the task A, and the execution point of the task B in case the predetermined frequency N (pattern advance number) is 1. FIG. FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 14 when the specified number N (pattern advance number) is 2. The schematic diagram which shows the execution point of the task B in case the frequency | count N (pattern advance number) is 3-5. Sectional drawing of the part which the encoder and sensor which show the 3rd example of embodiment of this invention oppose. The perspective view of the encoder incorporated in this 3rd example. The perspective view of a sensor. The figure similar to FIG. 17 which shows the 4th example of embodiment of this invention. The perspective view of the encoder incorporated in this 4th example. Similarly the figure which looked at the encoder from the axial direction. The perspective view of a sensor. The figure similar to FIG. 17 which shows the 5th example of embodiment of this invention. The perspective view of the encoder integrated in this 5th example. The perspective view of a sensor. Sectional drawing which shows the 6th example of embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which takes out and shows the holder and cover which embedded the sensor. Sectional drawing which shows the 7th example of embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which takes out and shows the holder and cover which embedded the sensor. Sectional drawing which shows the 8th example of embodiment of this invention. The enlarged view which shows a part of to-be-detected surface of the encoder integrated in the 3rd example of embodiment of this invention. The perspective view of the encoder known conventionally. The schematic diagram for demonstrating the reason which can measure a physical quantity based on the output signal of a sensor.

[First example of embodiment]
A first example of an embodiment of the present invention corresponding to claims 1 to 3 , 8 , and 9 will be described with reference to FIGS. In this example, the present invention is applied to a structure for measuring a physical quantity of at least one of an axial displacement amount of a main shaft 4 that constitutes a machine tool and an axial load applied to the main shaft 4. This is an example. The machine tool rotatably supports the spindle 4 on the inner diameter side of a housing (spindle head) 5 that is a stationary member by a multi-row rolling bearing unit 6, and the spindle 4 can be driven to rotate by an electric motor 7. It is said. Among the plurality of rolling bearings 8a to 8d constituting the multi-row rolling bearing unit 6, two rolling bearings 8a and 8b arranged near the distal end and two rolling bearings 8c and 8d arranged near the proximal end. In addition to applying contact angles opposite to each other, a preload is applied to each of the rolling bearings 8a to 8d. As a result, the main shaft 4 is supported rotatably with respect to the housing 5 in a state in which a radial load and an axial load in both directions are supported. During operation of the machine tool, a tool (not shown) fixed to the tip end portion (left end portion in FIG. 1) of the spindle 4 is pressed against the workpiece while rotating at an appropriate rotation speed. Processing such as cutting is performed. When machining is performed in this manner, a load in each direction is applied to the main shaft 4 as a reaction of pressing the tool against the workpiece. In the structure of this example, the axial displacement amount of the main shaft 4 acting on the axial load of the main shaft 4 among them (and the axial load if necessary) can be obtained. Yes.

  Therefore, also in this example, as in the case of the above-described conventional structure, the combination of the encoder 1a as shown in FIGS. 3 to 4 and the single sensor 10 constituting the sensor unit 9 as shown in FIG. Is used. Of these, the encoder 1 a is fitted and fixed between the rolling bearings 8 b and 8 c constituting the multi-row rolling bearing unit 6 at the portion near the tip of the intermediate portion of the main shaft 4. The encoder 1a also serves as an inner ring spacer, is made of a magnetic metal such as steel, and has a cylindrical shape as a whole. In the encoder 1a, a plurality of characteristic change combination portions 3a and 3a are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Each of these characteristic change combination parts 3a and 3a is formed by arranging a pair of linear through holes 11a and 11b, each of which is a characteristic change part, spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the encoder 1a. In the case of this example, the through-hole 11a arranged on one side (the left side in FIG. 4) of the through-holes 11a and 11b in the circumferential direction is connected to the axial direction of the encoder 1a (see FIG. 4). The non-tilt characteristic changing portion is formed in the vertical direction in FIG. At the same time, the through hole 11b, which is also arranged on the other side (right side in FIG. 4) in the circumferential direction, has a predetermined angle (preferably about 45 to 85 degrees, preferably in a predetermined direction with respect to the axial direction of the encoder 1a More preferably, the inclined characteristic changing portion is formed in a direction inclined by about 60 to 83 degrees, more preferably about 75 to 81 degrees.

  The sensor unit 9 is formed by embedding the sensor 10 at the tip of a holder 12 made of synthetic resin. The sensor 10 has an output signal that changes based on the presence of the through holes 11a and 11b formed in the encoder 1a, and includes a Hall IC, a Hall element, an MR element, a GMR element, and the like that constitute a detection unit. And a permanent magnet. Such a sensor unit 9 is supported and fixed to the housing 5 in a state where the detection portion of the sensor 10 is close to and opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1a, which is a detection target surface.

Also in the case of the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of this example having the above-described configuration, when the encoder 1a rotates together with the main shaft 4 as in the case of the conventional structure described above, the detection unit of the sensor 10 is detected. The outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1a, which is a surface, is scanned. Since the magnetic characteristics of the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1a change in the circumferential direction due to the presence of the through holes 11a and 11b, the output signal of the sensor 10 changes as the encoder 1a rotates. For example, when the detection unit of the sensor 10 scans the position of the chain line a in FIG. 6A on the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1a, the output signal of the sensor 10 is as shown in FIG. 6B. To change. In FIG. 6B, 1 is generated based on the through-holes 11a and 11a on one side in the circumferential direction (left side in FIG. 6) of the pair of characteristic change combination portions 3a and 3a adjacent in the circumferential direction. Let the period between the pair of pulses be the total period L ₁ . Further, the pair of through holes 11a constituting the same characteristic change combination unit 3a, the period between pulses of a pair generated based on 11b the partial period [delta] _1. When the detection unit of the sensor 10 scans the chain line a position, the pulse period ratio δ ₁ / L ₁ , which is the ratio between the partial period δ ₁ and the total period L ₁ , is a relatively small value. . On the other hand, when the detection unit of the sensor 10 scans the position of the chain line B in FIG. 6A, the output signal of the sensor 10 changes as shown in FIG. 6C. The pulse cycle ratio δ ₂ / L ₂ , which is the ratio between the partial cycle δ ₂ and the total cycle L ₂ , is a relatively large value.

  In the case of carrying out the present invention, a pair of characteristic change combination units 3a and 3a adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction is used as the partial period δ when obtaining the pulse period ratio. It is also possible to employ a period between pulses related to the through holes 11b and 11a. In this case, the direction in which the magnitude of the pulse period ratio changes is opposite to that described above. Further, as the total period L when the pulse period ratio is obtained, a period between pulses related to the through holes 11b and 11b of the pair of characteristic change combination parts 3a and 3a adjacent in the circumferential direction can also be adopted.

  In any case, the pulse cycle ratio δ / L related to the output signal of the sensor 10 is determined by the axial position of the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1a (the width direction position of the detected surface) scanned by the detection unit of the sensor 10. Change. With respect to the principle of obtaining the physical quantity (one or both of the displacement amount and the axial load in the axial direction) related to the main shaft 4 to which the encoder 1a is fixed by this pulse cycle ratio δ / L, the above-described FIGS. As explained. That is, when the output signal of the sensor 10 is sent to a calculator (not shown), the calculator calculates the axial direction of the spindle 4 based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L according to a formula in software installed in advance. Obtain the displacement amount for. Further, an axial load applied to the main shaft 4 is obtained as necessary.

In the case of this example, a plurality of through holes 11a, 11a, each of which is a non-inclined characteristic changing portion, are arranged on the detected surface at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Each of these through holes 11a, 11a is formed in a direction that coincides with the width direction of the detected surface. That is, the phase in the circumferential direction of each of the through holes 11a and 11a does not change in the width direction of the detected surface. For this reason, among the output signals of the sensor 10, the total period L, which is the period of the pulses generated based on the through holes 11a, 11a, is represented by L ₁ , L shown in FIGS. _As can be seen from the fact that ₂ are equal to each other (L ₁ = L ₂ ), the physical quantity value (the position in the width direction of the detected surface scanned by the detection unit of the sensor 10) does not depend on the value. It changes corresponding to only the rotational speed of the main shaft 4. Moreover, if the rotation speed is constant, the total period L does not change even when the value of the physical quantity is changing. Accordingly, the rotational speed of the spindle 4 can be measured with high accuracy without being affected by the change in the physical quantity based on the entire period L.

  In the case of this example, the arithmetic unit basically executes the physical quantity calculation process every time the entire period L elapses. However, if this basic is thoroughly implemented, the processing capacity of the computing unit will not be able to catch up when the total period L becomes shorter as the rotational speed of the spindle 4 becomes higher, and the physical quantity that has started to be executed first. Before the calculation process is completed, the next physical quantity calculation process is started, and this physical quantity calculation process may be executed in duplicate. As a result, there is a possibility that the calculation process time of the physical quantity for each time becomes long or, if it is remarkable, the calculation process of the physical quantity cannot be performed at all. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of such an abnormality, in this example, the computing unit can select whether or not to execute the physical quantity calculation process every time the entire period L elapses. It has a function. This point will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. In the drawings used in the following description, the characteristic change pattern of the detection surface is simplified by a plurality of thick lines as shown in the upper part of FIG. Each of these bold lines is one of the circumferential side edges of each of the through holes 11a and 11b, each of which is a characteristic boundary position of the detected surface (in this example, a rising edge of a pulse) The side edges that generate

In the case of this example, the arithmetic unit executes the arithmetic processing for obtaining the physical quantity separately for task A and task B. FIG. 7 shows the processing contents of task A among them. In this task A, a pulse generated based on each of the through holes 11a and 11b is detected, and a period T _i (T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ , Tb) between a pair of pulses adjacent in the circumferential direction is detected. T ₅ , T ₆ ... Then, the period T _i is sequentially stored in the pulse period buffer 13. Further, every time a pulse generated based on each of the through holes 11a, 11a, each of which is a non-inclined characteristic portion, is detected, the total period L (T ₁ + T ₂ , T ₃ + T ₄ , T ₅ + T ₆ ...), And the integrated value S of the entire period L is obtained. Then, the integrated value S is stored in the calculation cycle register 14. The integrated value S stored in the calculation cycle register 14 is updated every time a new integrated value S is obtained. Further, the integrated value S stored in the calculation cycle register 14 is compared with a preset threshold value T _th . Only when the integrated value S exceeds the threshold value T _th (S> T _th ), the execution of the task B is started. At the same time, the integrated value S stored in the calculation cycle register 14 is returned to zero. That is, the integrated value S of the entire period L is returned to zero. The threshold T _th is a time set to prevent the task B from being executed repeatedly. How to set the threshold value T _th will be described later.

In the task B, the physical quantity is calculated using the latest information stored in the pulse cycle buffer 13. Specifically, the pulse cycle ratio δ / L (partial cycle δ) is obtained using the cycle T _n stored last in the pulse cycle buffer 13 and the cycle T _n−1 stored immediately before the cycle T _n. = T _n-1 , total period L = T _n-1 + T _n ). Then, the physical quantity is calculated based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L.

As shown in FIG. 8, the most basic operation based on the tasks A and B described above executes the physical quantity calculation process (the task B) every time the entire period L (T ₁ + T ₂ ) elapses. It is an operation to do. In this case, the rotational speed of the spindle 4 is relatively low, and the integrated value S of the entire period L stored in the calculation period register 14 is T ₁ + T ₂ (> T _th ) every time. In addition, if the number of the total period L that has passed between the execution of the task B and the execution of the next task B is defined as the pattern advance number, the pattern advance number in this state is 1. . On the other hand, as the rotational speed of the main shaft 4 increases, when the total period L becomes equal to or less than the threshold value T _th (L ≦ T _th ), the pattern advance number becomes 2 or more. For example, assuming that the task B is executed when a pulse generated based on the leftmost through hole 11a in FIG. 9 is detected, a pulse generated based on the central through hole 11a is detected thereafter. That is, when the first full cycle L (T ₁ + T ₂ ) has elapsed, the integrated value S becomes T ₁ + T ₂ . If the integrated value T ₁ + T ₂ is equal to or less than the threshold value T _th (T ₁ + T ₂ ≦ T _th ), the task B is not executed (skipped) at this timing. Thereafter, when a pulse generated based on the rightmost through hole 11a is detected, that is, when the second full cycle L (T ₃ + T ₄ ) has elapsed, the integrated value S is calculated as T ₁ + T ₂ + T ₃ + T. ₄ If the integrated value T ₁ + T ₂ + T ₃ + T ₄ exceeds the threshold T _th (T ₁ + T ₂ + T ₃ + T ₄ > T _th ), the task B is executed at this timing. In this case, the pattern advance number is two.

The pattern advance number increases stepwise as the rotational speed of the main shaft 4 increases. 10A to 10C show execution points of the task B when the pattern advance number is 3 to 5. FIG. In any case, in the case of this example, the task B always stores the last cycle T _n stored in the pulse cycle buffer 13 and the previous one, regardless of the value of the pattern advance number. Using the cycle T _n−1 , the pulse cycle ratio δ / L (partial cycle δ = T _n−1 , total cycle L = T _n−1 + T _n ) is obtained. Therefore, the same mathematical formula for calculating the physical quantity based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L can always be used regardless of the value of the pattern advance number.

In the case of this example, out of the cycles T _i stored in the pulse cycle buffer 13, the two cycles T _n and T _n immediately before the execution of the task B are used for processing in the task B. Only _-1 . For this reason, it is necessary to ensure the length of the pulse cycle buffer 13 to be 2 or more. If this condition is satisfied, a finite-length queue having a length of 2 as shown in FIG. In the task A, every time a pulse generated based on each of the through holes 11a and 11b is detected, some process (at least the process of obtaining the period T _i between the pulses and storing it in the pulse period buffer 13). )I do. For this reason, the processing time of the task A must be shorter than the cycle T _i (shortest pulse cycle T _min ) between the pulses when the main shaft 4 rotates at the maximum rotation speed. On the other hand, the processing time of the task A is determined by the processing capability of the arithmetic unit actually used. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the circumferential interval between the through holes 11a and 11b arranged on the detection surface so that the shortest pulse period _Tmin is longer than that.

Next, how to set the threshold value T _th will be described. This threshold value T _th is a time that is set so that the task B is not executed redundantly in the entire rotational speed range of the spindle 4, and is set based on the shortest pulse period Tmin. In the case of this example, the computing unit is equipped with a single processor (no multiprocessor or multicore processor is installed). Therefore, if the execution of the task A is started during the execution of the task B, the execution of the task B is temporarily interrupted. Then, when the execution of the task A is completed, the execution of the task B is resumed. The time interval for executing the task A is the shortest at the maximum rotational speed of the spindle 4. For this reason, the number of times that the task A is executed during the execution of the task B is the highest at the maximum rotational speed of the spindle 4. Accordingly, after the entire period L has elapsed, the physical quantity calculation process (the process of the task B while giving priority to the process of the task A) is performed once using the information acquired during the entire period L. The time required to complete the execution is the longest at the maximum rotational speed of the main spindle 4. For example, it is assumed that the processing time of the task A is 1 unit time, the shortest pulse period T _min is 3 unit hours, and the processing time of the task B is 10 unit hours. Further, it is assumed that the time required for the movement of processing between tasks is included in the processing time of the tasks A and B. FIG. 12 shows the flow of processing when this task B is executed once under such conditions. The width of one block in FIG. 12 is one unit time. Under the above-described conditions, the physical quantity calculation process (the process of the task B while prioritizing the process of the task A is performed using the information acquired during the full period L after the entire period L has elapsed. It can be seen that a maximum of 15 unit hours are required until one) is executed once. Therefore, the threshold value T _th may be larger than 15 unit times.

The method of setting the threshold value T _th as described above is generalized. First, the processing time of the task A and T _A, the normalized minimum pulse period normalized by T _A and _{T min_A (T min_A> 1)} , the normalization task B processing time normalized by T _A T _{B_A} Then, the threshold value T _th is a value that satisfies the following expression (1).
T _th > T _A · RoundUp {T _{B — A} / (T _min — A −1)} −−−−− (1)
RoundUp (x) in the equation (1) means the smallest integer larger than x. When the threshold value T _th is a value satisfying the equation (1) and the integrated value S of the entire period L by the task A exceeds the threshold value T _th (S> T _th ), the task B is If executed, this task B will not be executed redundantly.

When the arithmetic unit is equipped with a multiprocessor or a multicore processor, the task A and the task B can be executed independently of each other (in parallel). Therefore, in this case, the threshold value T _th may be set larger than the processing time T _{B of} task B (T _th > T _B ). That is, the condition determination process for determining whether the task B can be started is executed at a predetermined timing within the task A of each of the through holes 11a and 11a. Here, for the sake of easy understanding, it is assumed that the execution of task B starts simultaneously with the end of task A. Since the interval between the start timings of task A in each of the through holes 11a and 11a is the entire cycle L, the interval between the end timings is also the entire cycle L. For this reason, the interval between the predetermined timings in the task A, that is, the shortest interval between the start timings of the task B is also the entire period L. Thus, the longer than the execution time T _b of the full period L (the integrated value S) task B, task B that is eliminated is performed in duplicate. That is, in this case, the threshold value T _th may be set such that T _th > T _B.
Further, from the viewpoint of sufficiently ensuring the responsiveness related to the measurement of the physical quantity, the threshold value T _th is calculated based on the equation (1) (when the arithmetic unit is equipped with a multiprocessor or a multicore processor, Among the values satisfying _th > T _B ), it is preferable to set the value as small as possible.

As described above, in the case of the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of this example, the calculation of the physical quantity is performed when the rotational speed of the spindle 4 is relatively low and the total period L exceeds the threshold value T _th. The process (the task B) is executed every time the entire period L elapses. On the other hand, as the rotational speed of the spindle 4 increases, in the state where the total period L is equal to or less than the threshold value T _th , the physical quantity calculation process is performed every time the total period L elapses. Is not executed, and is executed once every several times (interval where the physical quantity calculation process is not executed redundantly). For this reason, by increasing the number of characteristic change combination parts 3a, 3a provided on the detected surface sufficiently so that the processing time of the task A does not become shorter than the shortest pulse period, the spindle 4 can be operated at high speed. It is possible to sufficiently ensure the responsiveness relating to the measurement of the physical quantity in the entire rotational speed range of the spindle 4 while preventing the occurrence of abnormality in the calculation process of the physical quantity in the rotating state.

  The processor installed in the arithmetic unit constituting the present invention is not limited to a relatively inexpensive single processor, but may be a relatively expensive multiprocessor or multicore processor. However, even if any processor is mounted, the above-described effects can be obtained, so that a structure with high cost performance can be realized by mounting a relatively inexpensive single processor.

[Second Example of Embodiment]
A second example of the embodiment of the present invention corresponding to claims 1, 4 , 5 , 8 , and 9 will be described with reference to FIGS. In the case of this example, only the configuration of the arithmetic unit is slightly different from the case of the first example of the above-described embodiment. That is, in the case of this example as well, as in the case of the first example described above, the computing unit equipped with a single processor has a physical quantity (a displacement amount in the axial direction, with the spindle 4 (see FIG. 1) rotating at high speed). In order to prevent the calculation processing of the axial load) from being performed repeatedly, a function is provided that can select whether or not to execute the physical quantity calculation processing every time the entire period L elapses. However, in the case of this example, the specific content of this function is slightly different from the case of the first example described above. This point will be specifically described below.

First, the common points with the case of the first example described above will be described. The arithmetic unit executes the arithmetic processing for obtaining the physical quantity separately for task A and task B. In task A, as shown in FIG. 13, a pulse generated based on each of the through holes 11a and 11b arranged on the detection surface is detected, and a period T between a pair of pulses adjacent in the circumferential direction is detected. _i (T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ , T ₅ , T ₆ ...) is obtained. Then, the period T _i is sequentially stored in the pulse period buffer 13. In the task B, the physical quantity is calculated using the latest information stored in the pulse cycle buffer 13. Specifically, the pulse cycle ratio δ / L (partial cycle δ) is obtained using the cycle T _n stored last in the pulse cycle buffer 13 and the cycle T _n−1 stored immediately before the cycle T _n. = T _n-1 , total period L = T _n-1 + T _n ). Then, the physical quantity is calculated based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L. About the above point, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example mentioned above.

  Next, the difference from the case of the first example described above will be described. In the case of this example, in the task A, in addition to executing the above-described processing, each is a non-gradient characteristic portion. Every time a pulse generated based on each of the through holes 11a, 11a is detected, that is, every time the whole period L elapses, the number M of elapsed times of the whole period L is measured. Specifically, the count value M of the counter 15 representing the elapsed number M is incremented by one. At the same time, this elapsed number (count value) M is compared with a predetermined number N set in advance. The execution of the task B is started only when the number of elapsed times (count value) M matches the specified number of times N (M = N). At the same time, the number of elapsed times (count value) M is returned to zero. The specified number N is a natural number set to prevent the task B from being executed repeatedly. How to set the specified number N will be described later.

The most basic operation based on the tasks A and B described above is an operation when the specified number N is set to 1. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, the physical quantity calculation process (the task B) is executed every time the total period L (T ₁ + T ₂ ) elapses. In this case, the pattern advance number (the number of times of the total period L that has elapsed between the execution of the task B and the execution of the next task B) is 1. That is, in the case of this example, the pattern advance number is the same value as the specified number N. FIG. 15 shows an execution point of the task B when the prescribed number N is set to 2. In this case, when the pulse generated based on the leftmost through hole 11a in FIG. 15 is detected, if the task B is executed, then the pulse generated based on the central through hole 11a is detected. In other words, when the first full cycle L (T ₁ + T ₂ ) has passed, the number of times (count value) M of this full cycle becomes 1. However, since the number of elapsed times (count value) M at this time is smaller than the specified number N (= 2) and does not coincide with the specified number N, the task B is not executed (skipped) at this timing. . Thereafter, when a pulse generated based on the rightmost through-hole 11a is detected, that is, when the second full cycle L (T ₃ + T ₄ ) has elapsed, the number of times (count value) M of this full cycle is 2 Since the number of elapsed times (count value) M at this time matches the specified number of times N (= 2), the task B is executed at this timing. In this case, the pattern advance number is two.

As another example, FIGS. 16A to 16C show the execution points of the task B when the specified number N (the number of pattern advancements) is 3 to 5. FIG. In any case, in the case of this example, as in the case of the first example described above, the task B is always stored last in the pulse period buffer 13 regardless of the value of the prescribed number N. Using the cycle T _n and the cycle T _n−1 stored immediately before it, the pulse cycle ratio δ / L (partial cycle δ = T _n−1 , total cycle L = T _n−1 + T _n ) Therefore, the same mathematical formula for calculating the physical quantity based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L can always be used regardless of the value of the pattern advance number.

Next, how to set the specified number N will be described. In the case of this example, the specified number N is set in advance before the workpiece is machined by the machine tool, and does not change within one operation cycle. In the case of a machine tool, the rotational speed of the spindle 4 when processing a workpiece is almost always maintained at a predetermined steady rotational speed, which is a constant rotational speed set in advance by processing conditions. is there. For this reason, in the case of this example, the specified number of times N is set so that the task B is not executed redundantly while the main shaft 4 is rotating at a predetermined steady rotational speed. In the case of this example as well, as in the case of the first example described above, the arithmetic unit is equipped with a single processor. Therefore, if the execution of the task A is started during the execution of the task B, the execution of the task B is temporarily interrupted. Then, when the execution of the task A is completed, the execution of the task B is resumed. Further, the time interval for executing the task A becomes shorter as the rotational speed of the spindle 4 becomes higher. For this reason, the number of times the task A is executed during the execution of the task B increases as the rotational speed of the spindle 4 increases. Therefore, the time required to execute the task B once increases as the rotational speed of the spindle 4 increases. Now, let the total period when the main shaft 4 is rotating at a predetermined steady rotational speed be L _S. Further, in this state, from this entire period L _S has elapsed, the task B while processing give priority to the full period L the utilizing information obtained in _S physical quantity calculation processing (the task A _Let T _S be the time required to complete the process (1). In this case, a natural number larger than the value of these ratios T _S / L _S is set as the specified number N.

For example, when the steady rotational speed is relatively low, the total period L _S is 30 unit hours, and the time T _S is 11 unit hours, the value of these ratios T _S / L _S is about 0. Therefore, the prescribed number N is set to a natural number of 1 or more. Further, when the steady rotational speed is relatively high, the total period L _S is 10 unit hours, and the time T _S is 13 unit hours, the value of these ratios T _S / L _S is 1. Therefore, the prescribed number N is set to a natural number of 2 or more. Further, when the steady rotational speed is higher, the total period L _S is 6 unit hours, and the time T _S is 15 unit hours, the value of these ratios T _S / L _S is 2.5. Therefore, the specified number N is set to a natural number of 3 or more. If the prescribed number N is set as described above, the task B will not be executed repeatedly while the spindle 4 is rotating at a predetermined steady rotational speed.

When the arithmetic unit is equipped with a multiprocessor or a multicore processor, the task A and the task B can be executed independently of each other (in parallel). Therefore, in this case, the time T _S in the conditional expression {N (natural number)> T _S / L _S } to be satisfied by the specified number N is the processing time T _{B of the} task B.
In any case, from the viewpoint of sufficiently ensuring the responsiveness related to the measurement of the physical quantity, the prescribed number N is set to the smallest natural number among the natural numbers larger than the value of the ratio T _S / L _S. preferable.

Further, in the case of this example, the calculation unit of the computing unit related to the circumferential pitch of each of the through holes 11a, 11a, each of which is a non-inclined characteristic portion, and the time T _S related to the entire period L _S. Processing power is known. Therefore, as long as the steady rotational speed of the main spindle 4 is determined, a value to be set as the specified number N can be obtained before the operation of the machine tool is started. In the case of carrying out this example, the operation for obtaining the value to be set as the specified number N may be performed by the operator of the machine tool, or may be performed at the steady rotational speed input to the control unit of the machine tool. Based on this, the control unit may perform this. In addition, the operation of inputting the specified number of times N to the arithmetic unit may be performed by the operator via an operation panel or the like of a machine tool, or may be performed by the control unit.

As described above, in the case of the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of this example, when the rotational speed of the main shaft 4 is relatively low and the specified number N is set to 1, the physical quantity calculation process ( The task B) is executed every time the whole period L elapses. On the other hand, when the rotational speed of the spindle 4 is relatively high and the prescribed number N is set to 2 or more, the physical quantity calculation process should be executed every time the whole period L elapses. Instead, it is executed once every N times (an interval at which the physical quantity calculation process is not repeated). For this reason, the number of characteristic change combination portions 3a and 3a provided on the detected surface is set so that the processing time of the task A is the shortest pulse period (period T _i between pulses in a state where the spindle 4 rotates at the maximum rotation speed _). ), The response to the measurement of the physical quantity is reduced while preventing the occurrence of an abnormality in the calculation process of the physical quantity in a state where the spindle 4 rotates at a high speed. It can be sufficiently secured in the entire rotational speed range of the main shaft 4. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first example of the embodiment described above.

[Third example of embodiment]
Figure 17-19 claims 1-5, corresponding to 8,9 show a third example of the embodiment of the present invention. In the case of this example, the plurality of characteristic change combination portions 3b and 3b provided on the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1b, which is the detection surface, are each in the axial direction that is the width direction of the detection surface, which is a characteristic change portion. A linear groove 16a formed in a distorted manner and a groove 16b formed in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle in a predetermined direction with respect to the axial direction are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the encoder 1b. Become. As described above, the other configurations and functions are the same as those described above except that the characteristic change portions are not the through holes but the concave grooves 16a and 16b, and the shape of the holder 12a constituting the sensor unit 9a is slightly different. This is the same as in the case of the first example or the second example.

[Fourth Example of Embodiment]
Figure 20-23, according to claim 1 to 5, corresponding to 8,9, it shows a fourth example of the embodiment of the present invention. In the case of this example, the encoder 1c externally fitted and fixed to the main shaft 4 includes a cylindrical portion 17 and an annular portion 18 provided at a portion closer to one axial end (right end in FIG. 20) of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 17. With. A plurality of characteristic change combination portions 3c and 3c are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on one side surface (the left side surface in FIG. 20) of the annular portion 18 which is a detected surface. Each of these characteristic change combination parts 3c and 3c is a characteristic change part, and is a linear concave groove 19a formed in the radial direction that is the width direction of the detected surface, and a predetermined value with respect to this radial direction. It comprises a linear groove 19b formed in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle in the direction. Further, in a state where the sensor unit 9b is supported and fixed to the housing 5 (see FIG. 1), the detection portion of the sensor 10a embedded in the tip portion of the synthetic resin holder 12b constituting the sensor unit 9b is used as the ring. The one side of the portion 18 is made to face and face each other.

  In the case of the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of the present example configured as described above, based on the pulse period ratio δ / L of the output signal of the sensor 10a generated when the main shaft 4 rotates, the main shaft 4 The physical quantity of at least one of the radial displacement amount and the radial load applied to the main shaft 4 can be calculated. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first example or the second example of the embodiment described above.

[Fifth Example of Embodiment]
24 to 26 show a fifth example of the embodiment of the invention corresponding to claims 1 to 6 , 8 and 9 . In the case of this example, the encoder 1d has a detected surface having the same configuration as the detected surface of the encoder 1b (see FIGS. 17 to 18) of the third example of the embodiment described above on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 17a. A detected object having the same configuration as that of the detected surface of the encoder 1c (see FIGS. 20 to 22) of the fourth example of the above-described embodiment is provided on one side surface (the left side surface in FIG. 24) of the annular portion 18. Each surface is provided. Of the pair of sensors 10 and 10a embedded in the tip of the holder 12c made of synthetic resin constituting the sensor unit 9c with the sensor unit 9c supported and fixed to the housing 5 (see FIG. 1), The detection part of one sensor 10 is provided on the detection surface provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical part 17a, and the detection part of the other sensor 10a is provided on the detection surface provided on one side of the annular part 18, respectively. Closely opposed.

  In the case of the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of the present example configured as described above, based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L of the output signal of the one sensor 10, the amount of displacement in the axial direction of the main shaft 4 and A physical quantity of at least one of the axial loads applied to the main shaft 4 can be calculated by a first computing unit (not shown). Further, based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L of the output signal of the other sensor 10a, the physical quantity of at least one of the radial displacement amount of the main shaft 4 and the radial load applied to the main shaft 4 is illustrated. It can be calculated by a second computing unit that does not. In this example, the one sensor 10 is the first sensor described in claim 7, the other sensor 10a is the second sensor, and the cylindrical portion 17a is the same. The ring portion 18 corresponds to one encoder, and also corresponds to the second encoder. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first example or the second example of the embodiment described above.

[Sixth Example of Embodiment]
27 to 28 show a sixth example of the embodiment of the invention corresponding to claims 1 to 3 , 10 and 11 . In this example, a physical quantity of at least one of an axial displacement amount of the hub 20 that is a rotation side bearing ring member that constitutes a rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel of an automobile and an axial load applied to the hub 20 is measured. This is an example in which the present invention is applied to a specific structure. The physical quantity related to the hub 20 is, for example, an anti-lock brake system (ABS), a traction control system (TCS), an electronically controlled vehicle stability control system (ESC) that is used to ensure the running stability of the automobile. ) Etc. can be used for more advanced control of the vehicle travel stabilization device.

  The wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit does not rotate in a state where it is supported and fixed to a suspension device in use, and rotates together with the wheel while being supported and fixed to the inner diameter side of the outer ring 21 which is a stationary side race ring member. The hub 20 is rotatably supported via a plurality of rolling elements 22 and 22 provided in a double row. A preload is applied to each of the rolling elements 22 and 22 together with a contact angle of the rear combination type.

  In the case of the present example, the inner end of the hub 20 in the axial direction (“inside” with respect to the axial direction means the center in the width direction of the vehicle in the assembled state in the automobile, and is the right side in FIGS. 27 to 31 that are outside in the width direction of the vehicle in the assembled state is referred to as “outside” in the axial direction. The same applies to the entirety of the present specification). A cylindrical encoder 1e having the same configuration as the encoder 1b of the example (see FIGS. 17 to 18) is fitted and fixed concentrically with the hub 20. In addition, a synthetic resin holder 24 is held and fixed inside a metal plate cover 23 that closes the axially inner end opening of the outer ring 21, and the detection unit of the sensor 10 embedded in a part of the holder 24. Is close to and opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 1e, which is the detected surface.

  In the case of the rotating member physical quantity measuring apparatus of the present example configured as described above, the axial displacement amount of the hub 20 based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L of the output signal of the sensor 10, and the hub The physical quantity of at least one of the axial loads applied to 20 can be calculated by a calculator (not shown). Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first example of the embodiment described above.

[Seventh example of embodiment]
Figure 29-30 corresponds to claim 1-3, 6, 10, 11 show a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In the case of this example, an encoder 1f having the same configuration as that of the encoder 1d of the fifth example of the embodiment described above (see FIGS. 24 to 25) is concentric with the hub 20 at the inner end of the hub 20 in the axial direction. The outer fitting is fixed. A synthetic resin holder 24 is held and fixed inside a metal plate cover 23 that closes the axially inner end opening of the outer ring 21, and a part of the holder 24 is opposed to the encoder 1 f. A pair of sensors 10, 10a is embedded. And the detection part of one of these sensors 10 is made to adjoin and oppose the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical part 17b which comprises the said encoder 1f which is a to-be-detected surface. Further, the detection portion of the other sensor 10a is made to face and face one side surface (the right side surface in FIG. 29) of the circular ring portion 18 constituting the encoder 1f, which is the detection surface. In the case of this example, the proximity facing position of the detection portions of the sensors 10 and 10a with respect to the detected surfaces is the lower end position of the detected surfaces.

  In the case of the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member of this example configured as described above, the displacement amount in the axial direction of the hub 20 based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L of the output signal of the one sensor 10; The physical quantity of at least one of the axial loads applied to the hub 20 can be calculated by a first computing unit (not shown). Further, based on the pulse cycle ratio δ / L of the output signal of the sensor 10a, at least one of the displacement amount in the vertical direction (radial direction) of the hub 20 and the radial load applied to the hub 20 in the vertical direction. Can be calculated by a second computing unit (not shown). Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first example of the embodiment described above.

[Eighth Example of Embodiment]
FIG. 31 shows an eighth example of the embodiment of the present invention corresponding to claims 1 to 3 , 6 , 10 , and 11 . The wheel support rolling bearing unit that is the subject of the seventh example of the embodiment described above is for a driven wheel, whereas the wheel support rolling bearing unit that is the subject of this example is for a drive wheel. For this reason, a spline hole 27 is formed in the axial direction at the center portion in the radial direction of the hub 20a so that the drive shaft 26 fixed to the outer end surface of the constant velocity joint outer ring 25 is engaged with the spline. The pair of sensors 10 and 10a is embedded in a synthetic resin holder 12d constituting the sensor unit 9d. In the case of this example, the sensor unit 9d is supported and fixed to a part of a vehicle body such as a knuckle constituting a suspension device (not shown) which is a stationary member. Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the seventh example of the embodiment described above.

Although not shown in the drawings, when implementing the present invention and providing a detected surface on the side surface in the axial direction of the encoder, a pair of sensors is prepared as in the invention described in claim 7 , It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the detection units of these two sensors are close to and opposed to portions that are different from each other in the circumferential direction in the detected surface. In this case, for example, if the relative arrangement angle of the detection parts of the two sensors centered on the central axis of the detected surface is set to 90 degrees (± 10 degrees), the pulse period of the output signals of both sensors Based on the ratio, it is possible to measure a radial displacement amount and a radial load in two directions, each of which is a physical quantity related to the rotating member and whose crossing angle is 90 degrees (± 10 degrees).

When the third example of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 to 19 is implemented, the following specifications can be adopted as the encoder 1b (dimensions not shown in FIGS. 17 to 18). See FIG. 32 for symbols).
<Material>
S45C tempered material <whole>
Inner diameter D _i : 70 mm
Outer diameter D _o : 80 mm
Width (axial dimension) W _1b : 46mm
<Dove groove 16a, 16b>
Forming method: Formed by end milling Depth dimension d _p : 2 mm
<Concave groove 16a>
Total: 16 (circumferentially distributed)
Length dimension L _{a of} both side edges (straight portion): 3 mm
Width dimension W _a : 2.5 mm
<Concave groove 16b>
Total: 16 (circumferentially distributed)
Inclination angle θ _{b with} respect to the axial direction: 80.15 degrees Distance between tops of both ends Y: 0.8 mm
Width dimension W _b : 1mm
<Others>
The length dimension L _a (3 mm) and the distance Y (0.8 mm) are respectively the main shafts when the maximum axial load allowed by design is applied to the multi-row rolling bearing unit 6 that supports the main shaft 4. This value is set sufficiently longer than the axial displacement of 4.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a-1f Encoder 2a, 2b Through-hole 3, 3a-3c Characteristic change combination part 4 Main shaft 5 Housing 6 Multi-row rolling bearing unit 7 Electric motor 8a-8d Rolling bearing 9, 9a-9d Sensor unit 10, 10a Sensor 11a , 11b Through-hole 12, 12a to 12d Holder 13 Pulse period buffer 14 Calculation period register 15 Counter 16a, 16b Groove 17, 17a, 17b Cylindrical part 18 Circular part 19a, 19b Groove 20, 20a Hub 21 Outer ring 22 Rolling element 23 Cover 24 Holder 25 Outer ring for constant velocity joint 26 Drive shaft 27 Spline hole

Claims (11)

A stationary member that does not rotate, a rotating member that is rotatably supported by the stationary member, and a rotating member that is supported and fixed to a part of the rotating member by a plurality of rolling bearings each preloaded. An encoder having a detection surface concentric with the sensor, a sensor supported by the stationary member in a state where the detection unit faces the detection surface, and a calculator that processes an output signal of the sensor,
The detected surface of the encoder has a plurality of characteristic change combination portions arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and each of these characteristic change combination portions also considers positive and negative signs with respect to the width direction of the detected surface. A pair of characteristic change portions having different inclination angles are provided in a state of being separated in the circumferential direction of the detected surface,
The sensor is configured to change an output signal at a moment when each of the characteristic changing units constituting the characteristic changing combination unit passes through a portion of the detected surface that faces the detecting unit,
The computing unit includes a total period which is a period between a pair of pulses generated based on a characteristic change part on one side in a circumferential direction of a pair of characteristic change combination parts adjacent in the circumferential direction, and both the characteristic change parts. A ratio between a characteristic change part and a partial period which is a period between a pair of pulses generated on the basis of another characteristic change part arranged between these characteristic change parts with respect to the circumferential direction. there, based on the pulse period ratio are those respectively in the width direction of the surface to be detected, for calculating at least one physical quantity of the load applied to the rotating member and the displacement amount of the rotary member,
The encoder is made of magnetic metal,
Each of the pair of characteristic change portions constituting each of the characteristic change combination portions is a straight through hole or a concave groove, and is disposed on either side in the circumferential direction of both the characteristic change portions. The characteristic changing portion is a non-inclined characteristic changing portion formed in the width direction of the detected surface, and the characteristic changing portion disposed on the other side in the circumferential direction is also set in the width direction of the detected surface. has an inclined characteristic change portion formed in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle for,
In addition to the function of calculating the physical quantity, the computing unit has a function of calculating the rotation speed of the rotating member from the entire period that is a period between a pair of pulses generated based on the non-tilt characteristic changing unit. And having a function capable of selecting whether or not to execute the physical quantity calculation process every time this entire cycle elapses.
Physical quantity measuring device for rotating members. The computing unit obtains an integrated value of the entire period every time the entire period elapses, and compares the integrated value with a preset threshold value when the integrated value exceeds the threshold value. 2. The rotating member physical quantity measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein only the physical quantity calculation process is executed, and the integrated value is returned to zero when the physical quantity calculation process is executed. The threshold value is obtained by executing the physical quantity calculation process once using the information acquired during the entire period after the entire period has elapsed with the rotating member rotating at the maximum rotation speed. The physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to claim 2 , wherein the time is longer than the time required until the end. The computing unit measures the number of elapsed times of the whole period every time the whole period elapses, and compares the number of elapsed times with a predetermined number of times set in advance, and the number of elapsed times coincides with the prescribed number of times. The physical quantity measurement for a rotating member according to claim 1 , wherein the physical quantity calculation process is executed only when the physical quantity calculation process is performed, and the elapsed number is returned to zero when the physical quantity calculation process is executed. apparatus. The predetermined number of times, the total period of a state where the rotating member is rotating at a predetermined constant rotational speed and L _S, after the elapse in this state the full period L _S is in the full cycle L _S acquired time taken until finish executed once processing for calculating the physical quantity by using the information in the case of a T _S, which is a natural number greater than the value of the ratios T _S / L _S, wherein Item 5. A physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to Item 4 . The encoder includes a first encoder having a circumferential surface as a detected surface and a second encoder having an axial side surface as a detected surface,
As the sensor, a first sensor whose detection unit faces the detection surface of the first encoder, and a second sensor whose detection unit faces the detection surface of the second encoder Have
The physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 . The encoder has an axial side surface as a detected surface,
The sensor includes a pair of sensors in which each detection unit is opposed to a portion different from each other in the circumferential direction in the detected surface of the encoder.
The physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 . The rotating member physical quantity measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the stationary member is a housing constituting a machine tool, and the rotating member is a main shaft constituting the machine tool. A machine tool comprising the physical quantity measuring device for a rotating member according to claim 8. The stationary member is a stationary side bearing ring member constituting a wheel supporting rolling bearing unit or a part constituting a vehicle body, and the rotating member constitutes a rotating side bearing ring constituting the wheel supporting rolling bearing unit. is a member, the rotating member for physical quantity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6 and 7. A vehicle comprising the rotating member physical quantity measuring device according to claim 10.

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