JP5738538B2 - Novel stem cells derived from gingival epithelium and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Novel stem cells derived from gingival epithelium and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、歯肉上皮に効率的に分化しうる新規幹細胞およびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a novel stem cell that can be efficiently differentiated into a gingival epithelium and a method for producing the same.
近年、再生医療分野において、人体の細胞から皮膚、血管などを人工的に製造し、移植材料として商品化することが検討されている。特に、歯周再生医療においては、上皮・結合組織をイン・ビトロで再生し、患者に移植する治療が試みられている(非特許文献1:Vriens AP et al., Cell Transplant. 2008; 17(19-11):1199-209、非特許文献2:Hotta T et al., Kobe J Med Sci. 2007; 53:1-14)。 In recent years, in the field of regenerative medicine, it has been studied to artificially produce skin, blood vessels and the like from human cells and commercialize them as transplant materials. In particular, in periodontal regenerative medicine, epithelial and connective tissues are regenerated in vitro and transplanted into patients (Non-patent Document 1: Vriens AP et al., Cell Transplant. 2008; 17 ( 19-11): 1199-209, Non-Patent Document 2: Hotta T et al., Kobe J Med Sci. 2007; 53: 1-14).
また、歯肉上皮の再生治療においては、実施可能な手段として粘膜移植が従前知られている。近年、粘膜移植に代わる手段として、人工ヒト歯肉上皮の開発が検討されている。しかしながら、このような人工ヒト歯肉上皮は、幹細胞を含んでおらず再生力に乏しいため、臨床への応用は困難である(非特許文献1:Vriens AP et al., Cell Transplant. 2008; 17(19-11):1199-209、非特許文献2:Hotta T et al., Kobe J Med Sci. 2007; 53:1-14、非特許文献3:Chung JH et al., Arch Dermatol Res. 1997;289:677-685、非特許文献4:Peyret-Lacombe A et al.,Cell Tissue Res.2007 Apr;328(1):85-95、非特許文献5:Lukandu OM et al., J Dent Res. 2010 Mar; 89(3):270-275、非特許文献6:Fukuda T et al., J Periodontol. 2000 Nov;71(11):1680-1686)。 In the regeneration treatment of gingival epithelium, mucosal transplantation has been known as a viable means. In recent years, the development of artificial human gingival epithelium has been studied as an alternative to mucosal transplantation. However, since such artificial human gingival epithelium does not contain stem cells and has poor regenerative power, clinical application is difficult (Non-patent Document 1: Vriens AP et al., Cell Transplant. 2008; 17 ( 19-11): 1199-209, Non-Patent Document 2: Hotta T et al., Kobe J Med Sci. 2007; 53: 1-14, Non-Patent Document 3: Chung JH et al., Arch Dermatol Res. 1997; 289: 677-685, Non-Patent Document 4: Peyret-Lacombe A et al., Cell Tissue Res. 2007 Apr; 328 (1): 85-95, Non-Patent Document 5: Lukandu OM et al., J Dent Res. 2010 Mar; 89 (3): 270-275, Non-Patent Document 6: Fukuda T et al., J Periodontol. 2000 Nov; 71 (11): 1680-1686).
また、歯周炎発生過程における上皮バリアーの機能の解明や、歯周病原性の各種サイトカイン、口臭物質・硫化水素による歯周炎発生原理の解明においては、イン・ビボ状態に近い、幹細胞を含んだ歯周病実験用の上皮モデルを作成することが求められる。 In addition, elucidation of the function of the epithelial barrier in the periodontitis development process and the elucidation of periodontitis generation by periodontopathogenic cytokines, halitosis substances and hydrogen sulfide include stem cells that are close to in vivo conditions. It is required to create an epithelial model for periodontal disease experiments.
しかしながら、ヒト歯肉上皮における幹細胞の特異的マーカーが不明であり、上皮細胞と区別できず、ヒト歯肉上皮由来の幹細胞を分離培養したとの報告は未だなされていない。したがって、歯周再生医療や歯周炎発生原理の研究においては、歯肉上皮再生に用いうる幹細胞を取得することが求められているといえる。 However, the specific marker of stem cells in human gingival epithelium is unknown, cannot be distinguished from epithelial cells, and no reports have been made that stem cells derived from human gingival epithelium have been isolated and cultured. Therefore, it can be said that in research on periodontal regenerative medicine and periodontitis generation, it is required to obtain stem cells that can be used for gingival epithelial regeneration.
本発明者らは、今般、歯肉上皮に存在する幹細胞に特異的なマーカーの発現パターンを見出し、このマーカーを指標として、歯肉上皮由来の新規な幹細胞を取得した。本発明は、かかる知見に基づくものである。
したがって、本発明は、歯肉上皮再生に有用な新規幹細胞およびその製造方法を提供することをその目的とする。
The present inventors have found an expression pattern of a marker specific to a stem cell present in the gingival epithelium, and obtained a new stem cell derived from the gingival epithelium using this marker as an index. The present invention is based on such knowledge.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel stem cell useful for gingival epithelial regeneration and a method for producing the same.
そして、本発明によれば、歯肉上皮から単離された非胚性組織から得られ、イン・ビトロで自己再生し、分化することができる幹細胞が提供される。
また、本発明の別の態様によれば、歯肉上皮から単離された非胚性組織から、α6β4インテグリンを発現し、CD71を発現しない幹細胞を選択すること
を含んでなる、幹細胞の製造方法が提供される。
And according to this invention, the stem cell which can be obtained from the non-embryonic tissue isolated from the gingival epithelium, can self-regenerate in vitro, and can be differentiated is provided.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a stem cell, comprising selecting a stem cell that expresses α6β4 integrin and does not express CD71 from non-embryonic tissue isolated from gingival epithelium. Provided.
本発明によれば、歯肉上皮再生に有用な幹細胞を効率的に取得することができる。 According to the present invention, stem cells useful for gingival epithelial regeneration can be efficiently obtained.
幹細胞
本発明の幹細胞は、歯肉上皮組織由来の幹細胞であって、α6β4インテグリンを発現し、CD71を発現しないことを一つ特徴としている。ヒト歯肉上皮由来の幹細胞が、α6β4インテグリンを発現し、CD71を発現しないというマーカー発現パターンを示すことは、当業者にとって意外な事実である。
また、本発明の幹細胞は、p63およびサイトケラチン19を発現し、サイトケラチン10およびインボルクリンを発現しない。
上記マーカーの発現はいずれも、例えば、後述する例3の免疫蛍光染色法に従って検出することができる。
Stem Cell The stem cell of the present invention is a stem cell derived from gingival epithelial tissue, and is characterized by expressing α6β4 integrin and not expressing CD71. It is surprising to those skilled in the art that stem cells derived from human gingival epithelium show a marker expression pattern that expresses α6β4 integrin and does not express CD71.
The stem cells of the present invention express p63 and cytokeratin 19, but do not express cytokeratin 10 and involucrin.
Any of the above marker expression can be detected, for example, according to the immunofluorescent staining method of Example 3 described later.
また、本発明の幹細胞は、歯肉上皮に分化することができる。かかる本発明の幹細胞は、歯肉上皮の再生治療において有利に利用することができる。
また、本発明の幹細胞は、好ましくはヒト細胞である。
In addition, the stem cells of the present invention can differentiate into gingival epithelium. Such stem cells of the present invention can be advantageously used in regeneration treatment of gingival epithelium.
The stem cell of the present invention is preferably a human cell.
製造方法
また、本発明の幹細胞は、歯肉上皮から単離された非胚性組織から、α6β4インテグリンを発現し、CD71を発現しない細胞を選択することにより製造することができる。
Production method The stem cells of the present invention can also be produced by selecting cells expressing α6β4 integrin and not expressing CD71 from non-embryonic tissues isolated from gingival epithelium.
本発明の製造方法において、上記非胚性組織は、被検体の歯肉からバイオプシー等により取得することができる。上記非胚性組織は、好ましくは歯肉上皮および結合組織を含んでなる。 In the production method of the present invention, the non-embryonic tissue can be obtained from a gingiva of a subject by biopsy or the like. The non-embryonic tissue preferably comprises gingival epithelium and connective tissue.
また、本発明の製造方法における幹細胞の選択は、上記幹細胞を取得しうる限り特に限定されないが、好ましくはα6β4インテグリンに対する抗体およびCD71に対する抗体を用いて行われる。
一つの態様によれば、上記選択工程は、前記非胚性組織と、α6β4インテグリンに対する抗体とを反応させ、α6β4インテグリンに対する抗体に結合した細胞を選択し、α6β4インテグリンに対する抗体に結合した細胞と、CD71に対する抗体とを反応させ、CD71に対する抗体に結合しない幹細胞を選択することを含んでなる。
The selection of stem cells in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the above stem cells can be obtained, but is preferably performed using an antibody against α6β4 integrin and an antibody against CD71.
According to one embodiment, the selection step comprises reacting the non-embryonic tissue with an antibody against α6β4 integrin, selecting cells bound to the antibody against α6β4 integrin, and cells binding to the antibody against α6β4 integrin; Reacting with an antibody against CD71 and selecting stem cells that do not bind to the antibody against CD71.
また、上記選択工程において用いられる方法としては、好ましくはフローサイトメトリー法または高グラジエント磁気選択であり、より好ましくは高グラジエント磁気選択である。 The method used in the selection step is preferably flow cytometry or high gradient magnetic selection, more preferably high gradient magnetic selection.
フローサイトメトリー法を用いる場合には、α6β4インテグリンに対する抗体およびCD71に対する抗体は、蛍光色素に結合されてなるものが好適に使用される。
磁気選択を用いる場合には、α6β4インテグリンに対する抗体およびCD71に対する抗体は、磁気ビーズに結合されてなるものが好適に使用される。高グラジエント磁気選択は、細胞死を起こさず、かつ少数の細胞母集団から効率的に細胞を取得する上で特に有利である。
When the flow cytometry method is used, an antibody against α6β4 integrin and an antibody against CD71 are preferably used by binding to a fluorescent dye.
In the case of using magnetic selection, an antibody against α6β4 integrin and an antibody against CD71 are preferably used by binding to magnetic beads. High gradient magnetic selection is particularly advantageous for efficiently obtaining cells from a small population of cells without causing cell death.
高グラジエント磁気選択は、例えば、MACS(商標)Separator(Mil-tenyi BIotec Inc., Auburn, CA)等の公知の装置を用いて行うことができる。
また、高グラジエント磁気選択の具体的な手法は、例えば、Characterization and isolation of stem cell-enriched human hair follicle bulge cells. Ohyama M, Terunuma A, Tock CL, Radonovich MF, Pise-Masison CA, Hopping SB, Brady JN, Udey MC, Vogel JC. J Clin Invest.2006;116:249-60に記載されており、この引用文献の全開示内容は、引用することにより本明細書の一部とされる。
The high gradient magnetic selection can be performed using a known apparatus such as MACS (trademark) Separator (Mil-tenyi BIotec Inc., Auburn, CA).
Specific methods for high gradient magnetic selection include, for example, Characterization and isolation of stem cell-enriched human hair follicle bulge cells.Ohyama M, Terunuma A, Tock CL, Radonovich MF, Pise-Masison CA, Hopping SB, Brady JN, Udey MC, Vogel JC. J Clin Invest. 2006; 116: 249-60, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
用途
本発明の幹細胞は、歯肉上皮細胞に効率的に分化しうるものであり、歯肉再生医療において有利に利用できる。したがって、本発明の別の態様によれば、上記幹細胞を含んでなる医薬組成物が提供される。また、本発明の別の態様によれば、医薬組成物の製造における、上記幹細胞の使用が提供される。また、本発明の好ましい態様によれば、上記医薬組成物は、歯肉上皮治療に用いられる。
Applications The stem cells of the present invention can be efficiently differentiated into gingival epithelial cells and can be advantageously used in gingival regenerative medicine. Therefore, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising the stem cell. Moreover, according to another aspect of this invention, use of the said stem cell in manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition is provided. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition is used for gingival epithelial treatment.
また、本発明の医薬組成物は、本発明の幹細胞をそのまま用いてもよく、本発明の幹細胞に、薬学上許容可能な担体を適宜添加して用いてもよい。また、本発明の幹細胞は、上皮細胞や結合組織、増殖因子(例えば、血小板由来増殖因子、形質転換増殖因子等)等とともに、あるいは、乳酸・グリコール共重合体(PLGA)の公知の足場(scaffold)材料とともに、移植材料とすることもできる。
したがって、本発明の別の好ましい態様によれば、上記幹細胞を含んでなる、歯肉上皮治療用移植材料が提供される。また、本発明の別の好ましい態様によれば、歯肉上皮治療用移植材料の製造における、上記幹細胞の使用が提供される。
In the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, the stem cell of the present invention may be used as it is, or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be appropriately added to the stem cell of the present invention. In addition, the stem cells of the present invention may be used together with epithelial cells, connective tissue, growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor, etc.), or a known scaffold of lactic acid / glycol copolymer (PLGA). ) The material can be a transplant material.
Therefore, according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a transplant material for gingival epithelial treatment comprising the stem cell. Moreover, according to another preferable aspect of this invention, use of the said stem cell in manufacture of the transplant material for gingival epithelium treatment is provided.
また、本発明の別の態様によれば、哺乳動物における歯肉上皮を治療する方法であって、上記幹細胞の有効量を、哺乳動物に投与することを含んでなる方法が提供される。 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of treating gingival epithelium in a mammal, comprising administering an effective amount of the stem cells to the mammal.
本発明の幹細胞の有効量は、特に限定されず、対象となる哺乳動物の種類、年齢、性別、状態等に応じて医師により適宜決定される。 The effective amount of the stem cells of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is appropriately determined by a doctor according to the type, age, sex, state, etc. of the target mammal.
本発明の幹細胞の投与方法は特に限定されず、たとえば、歯肉上皮を単離する際、同時に採取できる線維細胞から結合組織を形成し、その上に、本発明の幹細胞を播種し、培養して上皮に分化させ、人工歯肉シートとして哺乳動物の歯肉に適用する手法等が挙げられる。幹細胞の培養は、例えば、EpiLife(商標)mediumおよびEpiLife(商標)Defined Growth Supplement(Cascade Biologics, Portland, USA)等の公知の細胞培養用製品を用いて行うことができる。 The method for administering the stem cells of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, when isolating the gingival epithelium, a connective tissue is formed from fiber cells that can be collected at the same time, and then the stem cells of the present invention are seeded and cultured. For example, a method of differentiating into epithelium and applying it to a mammalian gingiva as an artificial gingival sheet can be mentioned. Stem cell culture can be performed using known cell culture products such as EpiLife (trademark) medium and EpiLife (trademark) Defined Growth Supplement (Cascade Biologics, Portland, USA).
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、これらは本発明を限定するものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but these do not limit the present invention.
以下の実験は、日本歯科大学研究倫理委員会の審理および承認を得て行われた。
また、フルオレセインイソシアネート(FITC)に結合した、α6 β4 インテグリンに対するマウスモノクローナル抗体 [450-30A] (Abcam(商標)、東京、日本) は、10 μl/105 細胞個の濃度でフローサイトメトリーに用い、かつ、1: 200 の希釈濃度にて免疫蛍光染色に用いた。
また、免疫蛍光染色に用いるマウス一次抗体のうち、p63抗体は抗 p63マウスモノクローナル抗体 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Santa Cruz, CA, USA)、抗サイトケラチン19抗体は抗サイトケラチン19マウスモノクローナル抗体 (Abcam(商標), 東京, 日本)、抗サイトケラチン10抗体は抗サイトケラチン10マウスモノクローナル抗体( Acris GmbH, Hertford, ドイツ)、抗インボルクリン抗体は抗インボルクリンマウスモノクローナル抗体 (Sigma-Aldrich(商標),ドイツ)を用い、これら抗体はいずれも、免疫蛍光染色において1: 200の希釈濃度にて用いた。マウス一次抗体を検出するための二次抗体としては、Alexa Fluor(商標) 568-結合ロバ抗マウスIgG(Invitrogen(商標), Eugene, Oregon, USA)を用いた。
また、核染色にはSYBR Green 1 (Trevigen)は用いた。
また、磁気ソーティングにおけるα6β4を指標とする分離工程では、マウス抗α6β4抗体に対する二次抗体として、ヤギ抗マウスIgG マイクロビーズ(Miltenyi Biotec Inc., CA, USA)を用いた。また、磁気ソーティングにおけるCD71を指標とする分離工程では、マイクロビーズに結合した抗ヒトCD71モノクローナル抗体(isotype mouse IgG2a) (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., CA, USA)を20 μl/105 細胞個の濃度で用いた。
The following experiments were conducted with the review and approval of the Japan Dental University Research Ethics Committee.
In addition, mouse monoclonal antibody [450-30A] (Abcam ™ , Tokyo, Japan) to α6 β4 integrin conjugated to fluorescein isocyanate (FITC) was used for flow cytometry at a concentration of 10 μl / 10 5 cells. And used for immunofluorescence staining at a dilution concentration of 1: 200.
Among primary mouse antibodies used for immunofluorescence staining, p63 antibody is anti-p63 mouse monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and anti-cytokeratin 19 antibody is anti-cytokeratin 19 mouse monoclonal antibody ( Abcam (TM) , Tokyo, Japan), anti-cytokeratin 10 antibody is anti-cytokeratin 10 mouse monoclonal antibody (Acris GmbH, Hertford, Germany), anti-involucrin antibody is anti-involucrin mouse monoclonal antibody (Sigma-Aldrich (TM) , Germany ) These antibodies were used at a 1: 200 dilution in immunofluorescence staining. Alexa Fluor ™ 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen ™ , Eugene, Oregon, USA) was used as the secondary antibody for detecting the mouse primary antibody.
SYBR Green 1 (Trevigen) was used for nuclear staining.
In the separation step using α6β4 as an index in magnetic sorting, goat anti-mouse IgG microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., CA, USA) were used as a secondary antibody against mouse anti-α6β4 antibody. In the separation process using CD71 as an index in magnetic sorting, anti-human CD71 monoclonal antibody (isotype mouse IgG2a) (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., CA, USA) bound to microbeads is used at a concentration of 20 μl / 10 5 cells. Using.
例1:歯肉上皮におけるα 6 β 4 ポジティブ細胞の量の確認
上皮細胞の単離および培養
口腔粘膜組織を、抜歯した患者から採取し、採取後2時間以内に以下の処理を行った。上皮細胞におけるマーカー発現に酵素処理が影響を及ぼすことを防止するため、以下の確立された手法を用いた。まず、採取した口腔粘膜組織はPBSで洗浄して小片にし、この小片を用いて、4mg/mL ジスパーゼ II (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)および 3mg/mL コラゲナーゼ (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) を用いた細胞分離処理を4℃、24時間実施した。処理後、上皮細胞を含有するシートを、結合組織から分離した。生存する上皮細胞を得るため、上皮細胞を含有するシートは、37℃で30分間、0.05% トリプシンで処理した。得られた上皮由来細胞は、1.2mM カルシウム、EpiLife(商標) Defined Growth Supplements (EDGS) (Cascade Biologics)、0.250 μg/mL フンギゾンおよび0.250mg/mL カナマイシンで補足された EpiLife(商標)メディウム (Cascade Biologics, Portland, OR)で懸濁した。得られた上皮細胞は、ヒトコラーゲンタイプ IV (20 μg/mL) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)でプレコートされた直径35 mm皿で、5%CO2、36℃にて培養した。
Example 1: Confirmation of the amount of α 6 β 4 positive cells in the gingival epithelium
Isolation of epithelial cells and cultured oral mucosal tissue were collected from the extracted patient, and the following treatment was performed within 2 hours after collection. In order to prevent enzyme treatment from affecting marker expression in epithelial cells, the following established procedure was used. First, the collected oral mucosal tissue was washed with PBS into small pieces, and 4 mg / mL dispase II (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 3 mg / mL collagenase (Sigma, St. Louis, (MO, USA) was performed at 4 ° C. for 24 hours. After treatment, the sheet containing epithelial cells was separated from the connective tissue. To obtain viable epithelial cells, the sheets containing epithelial cells were treated with 0.05% trypsin for 30 minutes at 37 ° C. The resulting epithelial-derived cells were prepared from EpiLife ™ Medium (Cascade Biologics ) supplemented with 1.2 mM calcium, EpiLife ™ Defined Growth Supplements (EDGS) (Cascade Biologics), 0.250 μg / mL fungizone and 0.250 mg / mL kanamycin. , Portland, OR). The obtained epithelial cells were cultured in a 35 mm diameter dish pre-coated with human collagen type IV (20 μg / mL) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 5% CO 2 and 36 ° C.
フローサイトメトリー
上皮細胞は0.025% トリプシン溶液でトリプシン処理した後、適切な一次抗体で, 1時間室温にて標識し、さらに、Alexa Fluor(商標) 568-結合二次抗体で標識した。サンプルは、抗体標識毎にPBSで3回洗浄した。非標識細胞は、ネガティブコントロールとして用いた。それぞれの実験において、2,000個の細胞をGuava EasyCyte フローサイトメトリー (Guava Technologies, USA)で分析した。データ取得およびその処理は、Guava CytoSoft ソフトウェアを用いた。
Flow cytometry Epithelial cells were trypsinized with 0.025% trypsin solution, labeled with an appropriate primary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature, and further labeled with Alexa Fluor (TM) 568-conjugated secondary antibody. . Samples were washed 3 times with PBS for each antibody label. Unlabeled cells were used as negative controls. In each experiment, 2,000 cells were analyzed by Guava EasyCyte flow cytometry (Guava Technologies, USA). Data acquisition and processing was performed using Guava CytoSoft software.
フローサイトメトリー分析の結果は、図1に示される通りであった(独立実験5回試行、平均 ± SD)。α6β4ポジティブ細胞は、全体の8.1 ± 0.3%であることが確認された。 The results of flow cytometry analysis were as shown in FIG. 1 (5 independent experiments, mean ± SD). α 6 β 4 positive cells were confirmed to be 8.1 ± 0.3% of the total.
例2:磁気ソーティング
上記培養した細胞は、FITCに結合した、α6 β4 インテグリンに対するマウスモノクローナル抗体 [450-30A]でインキュベートした。過剰な抗体を除去した後、細胞は、ヤギ抗マウスIgG マイクロビーズでさらにインキュベートした。得られた細胞懸濁液は、MACS(商標)セパレーター (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., CA, USA)のマグネティックフィールドに設置されたカラムに担持させた。
カラムを通過した非標識細胞のフラクションは、α6β4 ネガティブ細胞フラクション(α6β4 neg)として、以下の実験に用いた。
また、カラム内に保持された、磁気標識細胞のフラクションは、α6β4 ポジティブ細胞フラクション(α6β4 pos)として、以下の実験に用いた。
また、1回目の磁気ソーティングから2〜3日後、α6β4 ポジティブ細胞フラクション(α6β4 pos)に関して、抗ヒトCD71モノクローナル抗体の結合したマイクロビーズを用いた磁気ソーティングを行った。
磁気標識され、カラム内に保持されたCD71ポジティブ(CD71 pos)なフラクションはα6β4 ポジティブCD71ポジティブ(α6β4 pos CD71 pos)細胞フラクションとして、以下の実験に用いた。
また、カラムを通過したCD71 ネガティブ細(CD71 neg)なフラクションは、α6β4 ポジティブCD71ネガティブ(α6β4 pos CD71neg )フラクションとして以下の実験に用いた。
Example 2: Magnetic Sorting The cultured cells were incubated with a mouse monoclonal antibody [450-30A] to α6 β4 integrin conjugated to FITC. After removing excess antibody, the cells were further incubated with goat anti-mouse IgG microbeads. The obtained cell suspension was supported on a column installed in a magnetic field of a MACS ™ separator (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., CA, USA).
The fraction of unlabeled cells that passed through the column was used in the following experiment as an α6β4 negative cell fraction (α6β4 neg ).
The fraction of magnetically labeled cells retained in the column was used as the α6β4 positive cell fraction (α6β4 pos ) in the following experiment.
In addition, two to three days after the first magnetic sorting, α6β4 positive cell fraction (α6β4 pos ) was subjected to magnetic sorting using anti-human CD71 monoclonal antibody-bound microbeads.
The fraction labeled CD71 positive (CD71 pos ) magnetically labeled and retained in the column was used in the following experiment as an α6β4 positive CD71 positive (α6β4 pos CD71 pos ) cell fraction.
Moreover, the CD71 negative fine (CD71 neg ) fraction that passed through the column was used as the α6β4 positive CD71 negative (α6β4 pos CD71 neg ) fraction in the following experiment.
例3:免疫蛍光染色
磁気ソーティングにより分離された細胞フラクション、α6β4 pos CD71neg、α6β4 pos CD71 pos、およびα6β4negについてそれぞれ、幹細胞マーカーであるp63およびサイトケラチン19、および、角化細胞マーカーであるサイトケラチン10およびインボルクリンの発現を、以下の免疫染色により確認した。
すわなち、上皮組織を10%ホルマリン固定後パラフィン包埋し約4μmの切片を作製した。切片は、一次抗体(抗p63抗体、抗サイトケラチン19抗体、抗サイトケラチン10抗体または抗インボルクリン抗体)で標識し、次いで、Alexa Fluor(商標) 568-結合二次抗体で標識した。また、核はSYBR Green 1 (Trevigen)で染色した。
得られた蛍光抗体染色切片は、共焦点スキャニングレーザー蛍光顕微鏡(Leica TCS SP:チャンネル2)で観察した。
Example 3: Stem cell markers p63 and cytokeratin 19 and keratinocyte marker sites for cell fractions, α6β4 pos CD71 neg , α6β4 pos CD71 pos , and α6β4 neg separated by immunofluorescent staining magnetic sorting, respectively The expression of keratin 10 and involucrin was confirmed by the following immunostaining.
In other words, the epithelial tissue was fixed with 10% formalin and then embedded in paraffin to prepare about 4 μm sections. Sections were labeled with primary antibody (anti-p63 antibody, anti-cytokeratin 19 antibody, anti-cytokeratin 10 antibody or anti-involucrin antibody) and then labeled with Alexa Fluor ™ 568-conjugated secondary antibody. Nuclei were stained with SYBR Green 1 (Trevigen).
The obtained fluorescent antibody-stained section was observed with a confocal scanning laser fluorescence microscope (Leica TCS SP: channel 2).
結果は、図2に示される通りであった。
図2A〜Lの写真において、楕円形の蛍光は細胞核に相当し、その周りの蛍光は各マーカーに相当する。
A〜Lに示される通り、いずれも細胞核の蛍光は確認された。
一方、各マーカーの蛍光に関し、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞では、AおよびDに示される通り、幹細胞マーカー(p63およびサイトケラチン19)の蛍光が確認され、GおよびJに示される通り、角化細胞マーカー(サイトケラチン10およびインボルクリン)の蛍光は確認されなかった。
また、α6β4 pos CD71pos細胞では、EおよびFに示される通り、サイトケラチン19およびサイトケラチン10の蛍光が確認され、Bに示される通り、p63は確認されなかった。
また、α6β4 neg細胞では、IおよびLに示される通り、角化細胞マーカー(サイトケラチン10およびインボルクリン)の蛍光が確認され、CおよびFに示される通り、幹細胞マーカー(p63およびサイトケラチン19)の蛍光が確認されなかった。
The result was as shown in FIG.
2A to L, the oval fluorescence corresponds to the cell nucleus, and the surrounding fluorescence corresponds to each marker.
As shown in A to L, the fluorescence of the cell nucleus was confirmed in all cases.
On the other hand, regarding the fluorescence of each marker, in α 6 β 4 pos CD71 neg cells, as shown in A and D, the fluorescence of the stem cell markers (p63 and cytokeratin 19) was confirmed. Fluorescence of keratinocyte markers (cytokeratin 10 and involucrin) was not confirmed.
Further, in α 6 β 4 pos CD71 pos cells, fluorescence of cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 10 was confirmed as shown in E and F, and p63 was not confirmed as shown in B.
In α 6 β 4 neg cells, as shown in I and L, the fluorescence of keratinocyte markers (cytokeratin 10 and involucrin) was confirmed, and as shown in C and F, stem cell markers (p63 and cytokeratin) The fluorescence of 19) was not confirmed.
例4:細胞サイクル分析
磁気ソーティングにより得られた、α6β4 pos CD71neg 細胞およびα6β4 pos CD71pos細胞を、 200 μlのGuava(商標)細胞サイクル試薬(核DNAを染色し、細胞サイクルの異なるステージを区別するためのヨウ化プロピジウムを含んでいる)で10分間インキュベートし、 Guava EasyCyte フローサイトメトリーを用いて分析した。データ取得およびその処理は、Guava CytoSoft ソフトウェアを用いた。
Example 4: Cell cycle analysis α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells and α6β4 obtained by magnetic sorting pos CD71 pos cells are incubated with 200 μl of Guava ™ cell cycle reagent (containing nuclear DNA and containing propidium iodide to distinguish different stages of the cell cycle), and Guava EasyCyte flow Analyzed using cytometry. Data acquisition and processing was performed using Guava CytoSoft software.
結果は、図3に示される通りであった(独立実験5回試行、平均 ± SD)。
α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞には、α6β4 pos CD71pos細胞よりも、静止細胞(G0/G1 フェーズ)が多く含まれていた(65.9 ± 1.1 vs. 51.8 ± 0.6、p<0.01; ANOVA テスト)。また、α6β4 pos CD71pos細胞には、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞フラクションよりも、活動周期細胞が多く含まれていた(S フェーズ: 24.4 ± 0.5 vs. 16.16 ± 0.2、 p<0.01 ANOVA テスト; G2/Mフェーズ: 20 ± 1.4 vs. 10.18 ± 0.5、p<0.01 ANOVA テスト)。
この結果から、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞は、幹細胞に特徴的な細胞サイクルを示すことが確認された。
The results were as shown in FIG. 3 (5 independent trials, mean ± SD).
α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells contain α6β4 There were more resting cells (G 0 / G 1 phase) than pos CD71 pos cells (65.9 ± 1.1 vs. 51.8 ± 0.6, p <0.01; ANOVA test). Α6β4 pos CD71 pos cells contained more active cycle cells than α6β4 pos CD71 neg cell fraction (S phase: 24.4 ± 0.5 vs. 16.16 ± 0.2, p <0.01 ANOVA test; G 2 / M phase: 20 ± 1.4 vs. 10.18 ± 0.5, p <0.01 ANOVA test).
From this result, it was confirmed that α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells exhibited a cell cycle characteristic of stem cells.
例5:コロニー形成効率(Colony-forming efficiency ;CFE)分析
磁気分離された5000個の細胞(α6β4 pos CD71neg、α6β4 pos CD71pos およびα6β4 neg 細胞フラクション) をヒトタイプIV コラーゲン (20 μg/mL) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)で予めコートされた6ウェルプレート ( Costar, Corning, USA)に播いた。次に、細胞は、10日間、EDGSと共に EpiLife(商標) で培養し、4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定化し、2% クリスタルバイオレットで染色した。20 個以上のコロニーは、それぞれ独立にCell Analyst(商標) (AssaySoft, Inc., Fountain Valley, CA, USA)でカウントした。アッセイは、2週間で計5回行った。
Example 5: Colony-forming efficiency (CFE) analysis 5000 cells magnetically separated (α6β4 pos CD71 neg , α6β4 pos CD71 pos and α6β4 neg cell fractions) from human type IV collagen (20 μg / mL) 6-well plates (Costar, Corning, USA) pre-coated with (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). Cells were then cultured with EpiLife ™ with EDGS for 10 days, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and stained with 2% crystal violet. More than 20 colonies were counted independently with Cell Analyst ™ (AssaySoft, Inc., Fountain Valley, CA, USA). The assay was performed 5 times in 2 weeks.
結果は、図4Aおよび図4Bに示される通りであった(独立実験5回試行、平均 ± SD)。
図4Aの写真に示される通り、増殖コロニーは、α6β4 pos CD71 posおよびα6β4neg細胞よりも、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞において多く観察された。
また、図4Bに示される通り、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞のコロニー数は、α6β4 pos CD71 pos細胞のコロニー数よりも有意に多かった(126.2 ± 21.7 vs. 32.8 ± 4.5 、p<0.01、ANOVA テスト) 。また、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞のコロニー数は、α6β4neg細胞のコロニー数よりも有意に多かった(126.2 ± 21.7 vs. 12.4 ± 2.1、p<0.01、ANOVA テスト)。
この結果から、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞は、他の細胞と比較して高い、幹細胞に特徴的なコロニー形成能を示すことが確認された。
The results were as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B (5 independent trials, mean ± SD).
As shown in the photograph of Figure 4A, growth colonies than a6p4 pos CD71 pos and a6p4 neg cells were observed more in α 6 β 4 pos CD71 neg cells.
Further, as shown in Figure 4B, the number of colonies α 6 β 4 pos CD71 neg cells, a6p4 pos CD71 pos cells was significantly higher than the number of colonies (126.2 ± 21.7 vs. 32.8 ± 4.5 , p <0.01, ANOVA test). In addition, the number of colonies of α 6 β 4 pos CD71 neg cells was significantly larger than that of α6β4 neg cells (126.2 ± 21.7 vs. 12.4 ± 2.1, p <0.01, ANOVA test).
From this result, it was confirmed that α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells showed a colony-forming ability characteristic of stem cells, which was higher than other cells.
例6:細胞サイズ分析
光学顕微鏡を用いて、α6β4 pos CD71neg、α6β4 pos CD71pos およびα6β4 neg 細胞フラクションの写真を撮影し、イメージ画像をCell Analyst(商標)(AssaySoft, Inc., Fountain Valley, CA, USA)を用いて分析した。このアッセイは5回行い、それぞれの回において、50個の細胞を独立してカウントした。
Example 6: Cell size analysis Photographs of α6β4 pos CD71 neg , α6β4 pos CD71 pos and α6β4 neg cell fractions were taken using a light microscope and the image was taken as Cell Analyst ™ (AssaySoft, Inc., Fountain Valley, CA). , USA). This assay was performed 5 times, with 50 cells counted independently each time.
結果は、図5Aに示される通りであった。α6β4 pos CD71neg 細胞の平均細胞サイズは780.7 ± 141.5 (px)であり、α6β4 pos CD71pos細胞の平均細胞サイズは1422.9 ± 264.6 (px)であり、α6β4 neg細胞の平均細胞サイズは3844.4 ± 220.1 (px)であった(p<0.01、 ANOVA テスト)。α6β4 pos CD71neg 細胞のサイズは、α6β4 pos CD71pos細胞およびα6β4 neg細胞と比較して、有意に小さかった。
この結果から、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞は、他の細胞と比較して小さい、幹細胞に特徴的な細胞サイズを示すことが確認された。
The result was as shown in FIG. 5A. The average cell size of α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells is 780.7 ± 141.5 (px), the average cell size of α6β4 pos CD71 pos cells is 1422.9 ± 264.6 (px), and the average cell size of α6β4 neg cells is 3844.4 ± 220.1 ( px) (p <0.01, ANOVA test). The size of α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells was significantly smaller compared to α6β4 pos CD71 pos cells and α6β4 neg cells.
From this result, it was confirmed that α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells showed a cell size characteristic of stem cells, which was small compared to other cells.
また、細胞サイズと、コロニー形成能力との関係は、図5Bに示される通りであった。また、コロニー形成能力が高くなる程、細胞サイズが小さくなる傾向が観察された。
この結果から、α6β4 pos CD71neg細胞は、幹細胞に特徴的な細胞サイズとコロニー形性能とを併せて有することが確認された。
Further, the relationship between the cell size and the colony forming ability was as shown in FIG. 5B. Moreover, the tendency for a cell size to become small was observed, so that colony formation capability became high.
From this result, it was confirmed that α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells have both cell size and colony-shaped performance characteristic of stem cells.
例7:α6β4 pos CD71 neg 細胞を用いた上皮組織の作製
精製コラーゲン溶液を含むトランスウェルシステム(Transwel(商標) Permeable supports, Costar Life Sciences, NY, USA)に、5X104 /ウェルのヒト歯肉線維芽細胞を播種し、DMEM中、10% FBSにて7日間培養してゲル収縮させた。次に、5 X 104/ウェルのα6β4 pos CD71neg 細胞をコラーゲンゲル上に播種し、EDGS を補足したEpiLife(商標)中で4日間インキュベートし、その10日後に気−液界面の存在を確認した。得られたサンプルに対してヘマトキシリン・エオシン(HE)染色を行った。
Example 7: Preparation of epithelial tissue using α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells Transxell system containing purified collagen solution (Transwel ™ Permeable supports, Costar Life Sciences, NY, USA) with 5X104 / well human gingival fibroblasts Was seeded and cultured in 10% FBS in DMEM for 7 days to cause gel contraction. Next, 5 × 10 4 / well α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells were seeded on a collagen gel and incubated for 4 days in EpiLife ™ supplemented with EDGS, 10 days later, the presence of the air-liquid interface was confirmed. . The obtained sample was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).
結果は、図6に示される通りであった。線維芽細胞により形成された結合組織上に、歯肉上皮組織が確認された。 The result was as shown in FIG. Gingival epithelial tissue was confirmed on the connective tissue formed by fibroblasts.
例8:α6β4 pos CD71 neg 細胞から分化した上皮組織におけるマーカーの確認
例7で得られた歯肉上皮組織における、角化細胞マーカー(インボルクリン)および幹細胞マーカー(サイトケラチン19)の発現を、抗インボルクリン抗体および抗サイトケラチン19抗体を用い、例3と同様の免疫蛍光染色方法により確認した。なお、角化細胞マーカー(インボルクリン)の検出には、共焦点スキャニングレーザー蛍光顕微鏡(Leica TCS SP)のチャンネル1を用い、幹細胞マーカー(サイトケラチン19)の検出には、チャンネル2を用いた。
Example 8: Confirmation of marker in epithelial tissue differentiated from α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells Expression of keratinocyte marker (involucrin) and stem cell marker (cytokeratin 19) in gingival epithelial tissue obtained in Example 7 was determined by anti-involucrin antibody. And using the anti-cytokeratin 19 antibody, it was confirmed by the same immunofluorescent staining method as in Example 3. In addition, channel 1 of confocal scanning laser fluorescence microscope (Leica TCS SP) was used for detection of keratinocyte marker (involucrin), and channel 2 was used for detection of stem cell marker (cytokeratin 19).
角化細胞マーカー(インボルクリン)の発現に関する結果は、図7Aに示される通りであった。図7Aの上皮組織の上部において、角化細胞マーカー(インボルクリン)の蛍光が確認された。この写真から、上皮組織の上部では、α6β4 pos CD71neg 細胞は歯肉上皮角化細胞に分化したことが確認された。 The results regarding the expression of the keratinocyte marker (involucrin) were as shown in FIG. 7A. In the upper part of the epithelial tissue of FIG. 7A, the fluorescence of the keratinocyte marker (involucrin) was confirmed. From this photograph, it was confirmed that α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells differentiated into gingival epithelial keratinocytes in the upper part of the epithelial tissue.
幹細胞マーカー(サイトケラチン19)の発現に関する結果は、図7Bに示される通りであった。図7Bの上皮組織の基底部において、幹細胞マーカー(サイトケラチン19)の蛍光が確認された。この写真から、α6β4 pos CD71neg 細胞から分化した上皮組織の基底細胞層は、ヒト歯肉と同様に幹細胞を含んでいることが確認された。 The results regarding the expression of the stem cell marker (cytokeratin 19) were as shown in FIG. 7B. In the basal part of the epithelial tissue of FIG. 7B, the fluorescence of the stem cell marker (cytokeratin 19) was confirmed. From this photograph, it was confirmed that the basal cell layer of epithelial tissue differentiated from α6β4 pos CD71 neg cells contained stem cells as in human gingiva.
Claims (8)
を含んでなる、幹細胞を含んでなるヒト歯肉上皮再生用組成物の製造方法。 A method for producing a composition for regenerating human gingival epithelium comprising stem cells , comprising selecting stem cells that express α6β4 integrin and do not express CD71 from non-embryonic tissue isolated from gingival epithelium.
α6β4インテグリンに対する抗体に結合した細胞と、CD71に対する抗体とを反応させ、CD71に対する抗体に結合しない前記幹細胞を選択すること
を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。 The selection comprises reacting the non-embryonic tissue with an antibody against α6β4 integrin, and selecting cells bound to the antibody against α6β4 integrin;
and cells bound to antibody to α6β4 integrin, is reacted with antibodies to CD71, comprising selecting said stem cells that do not bind to antibodies against CD71, The method of claim 1.
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