JP5738412B2 - c−MET阻害剤としての6−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)−3−(2−メチル−2H−インダゾール−5−イルチオ)−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−b]ピリダジン - Google Patents
c−MET阻害剤としての6−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)−3−(2−メチル−2H−インダゾール−5−イルチオ)−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−b]ピリダジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5738412B2 JP5738412B2 JP2013521838A JP2013521838A JP5738412B2 JP 5738412 B2 JP5738412 B2 JP 5738412B2 JP 2013521838 A JP2013521838 A JP 2013521838A JP 2013521838 A JP2013521838 A JP 2013521838A JP 5738412 B2 JP5738412 B2 JP 5738412B2
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- DEZRYPDIMOWBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dcm dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl.ClCCl DEZRYPDIMOWBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- CETRZFQIITUQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmso dimethylsulfoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O CETRZFQIITUQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RZSCFTDHFNHMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]pyridine-3-carboxamide;1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(NC(=O)N(C)C)C=C1.FC1=CC(F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 RZSCFTDHFNHMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DCWXELXMIBXGTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphotyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(OP(O)(O)=O)C=C1 DCWXELXMIBXGTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
- A61K31/5025—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
略語
DCM ジクロロメタン
DMF N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド
EtOAc 酢酸エチル
THF テトラヒドロフラン
DMSO ジメチルスルホキシド
RT 室温
ACN アセトニトリル
IPA イソプロピルアルコール
3−クロロ−6−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)ピリダジン
3−ヒドラジニル−6−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)ピリダジン
6−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−b]ピリダジン−3−チオール
1H−インダゾール−5−アミン
H2注入口、温度計、およびメカニカルスターラーを備えた5000mLオートクレーブに、テトラヒドロフラン(THF、3500mL)中の5−ニトロ−1H−インダゾール(500g、3.06mol)の溶液を加え、その後パラジウム炭素(10%、50g、141mmol)を加える。得られた混合物を一晩25℃でH2雰囲気下(5kg圧)で攪拌する。それをN2でパージした後、混合物を濾過し、濾過物を真空下で濃縮して、標題化合物(420g、100%)を茶色固体として得る。MS(m/z):134.1(M+H)。
5−ヨード−1H−インダゾール
水(3.5L)中の濃HCl(1.3L、15.8mol)の溶液に、1H−インダゾール−5−アミン(500g、3.8mol)を加え、その後水(1L)中のNaNO2(285g、4.1mol)の溶液を、少量ずつ0〜5℃にて加える。得られた赤色懸濁物を、ゆっくりと水(3L)中のKI(3.1kg、18.7mol)の溶液に50℃にて加え、ガス生成を制御し続ける。得られた混合物を50℃にて1.5時間攪拌し、10℃迄冷却し、飽和Na2CO3水溶液でpH8に塩基性化する。固体を濾過により回収し、ETOAc(20L)中に再溶解する。溶液を飽和Na2CO3水溶液(3×5L)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、ショートシリカゲルカラムで濾過する。濾過物を真空下で濃縮して、標題化合物(680g、74.2%)を得る。MS(m/z):244.9(M+H)。
5−ヨード−2−メチル−2H−インダゾール
EtOAc(4L)中の5−ヨード−1H−インダゾール(500g、2.05mol)の溶液に、トリメチルオキソニウムテトラフルオロホウ酸塩(450g、3.04mol)を加える。得られた白色懸濁物を室温にて2時間攪拌した後、それを真空下で濃縮する。氷水(1L)を残留物に加え、それを10%NaOH水溶液でpH12に塩基性化する。固体を濾過により回収し、DCM(5L)中に再溶解する。不溶性物質を濾過し、濾過物を10%NaOH水溶液(2×100mL)で洗浄する。有機層を無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、ショートシリカゲルカラムで濾過し、濃縮する。メチルtert−ブチルエーテルを残留物に加え、スラリーを得て、生成物を濾過により回収し、標題化合物(360g、68.0%)を得る。MS(m/z):259.0(M+H)。
6−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)−3−(2−メチル−2H−インダゾール−5−イルチオ)−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−b]ピリダジン
6−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)−3−(2−メチル−2H−インダゾール−5−イルチオ)−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−b]ピリダジン
このアッセイは、HTRF技術に基づいており、cMet酵素によりビオチン標識されたチロシンペプチドのリン酸化を検出するために用いられる。反応が完了した後に、XL665標識されたストレプトアビジンを用いてビオチンユニットを認識し、ユーロピウム(Eu3+)標識された抗リン酸チロシン抗体を用いてリン酸化チロシンを認識する。検出プロセスは、励起されたEu3+とXL665標識されたストレプトアビジンとの間のエネルギー移動に依存する。このプロトコルの目的は、この反応における生成物のリン酸化を阻害する試験化合物の能力を計算することと、これらの相対IC50値を計算することである。
NCI−H460細胞(ATCCから購入)を、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)で補充され、96ウェル平底プレート中にプレーティングされた(70%コンフルエンスになる前)RPMI 1640培地(Invitorgen)中で、80μL容量でウェルあたり20,000細胞の密度で培養する。次いで、細胞を細胞培養インキュベータ(5%CO2、95%相対湿度(RH)および37℃)中で一晩インキュベートし、プレートに取り付け得る。次の朝に、細胞を2容量の減少させた血清培地(RSM、0.5%FBSで補充されたRPMI1640培地)で洗浄する。最後の洗浄物を除去した後、80μLのRSMを、セルプレートの各ウェルに加える。セルプレートを細胞培養インキュベータ中で2.5時間インキュベートし、次いで化合物を投与する。化合物阻害物を、100%DMSP中で10mMで最初可溶化し、次いで2%DMSO RSMで100μMに希釈する。続いて、化合物の連続希釈(1:3)を100μMから0.005μMの範囲にわたって調製する。細胞に、20μLの化合物ストックを加えて投与して、最終DMSO濃度を0.4%および最終化合物濃度投与範囲を20から0.001μMの間にする。化合物を投与した後、セルプレートを穏やかに攪拌して混合し、次いで細胞培養インキュベータ中で30分間インキュベートさせる。投与完了後、ウェル当たり20μLの肝細胞増殖因子(HGF)をRSM中で最終濃度100ng/mLにて加えて、細胞を刺激する(MINウェルを除いて全ウェルを刺激する;MINウェルには20μLのRSMが投与される)。細胞培養インキュベータ中で10分間インキュベートした後に、液体を細胞プレートウェルから除去し、ホスファターゼIおよびIIとプロテアーゼ阻害剤(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)で補充された、50μLの氷冷Meso Scale Discovery(登録商標)(MSD,Gaithersburg,Maryland)1×溶解バッファ(150mM NaCl、20 mMトリス、pH7.5、1mM EDTA、1mMエチレングリコールテトラ酢酸、および1%TRITON(登録商標)X−100)を追加して、細胞を溶解する。室温にて30分間溶解後、溶解物を、MSD(登録商標)マルチスポット96ウェル4スポットのリン酸Metプレート上に移動させて捕捉する。このプレートはBSAブロックされている(1×トリス洗浄バッファ中で30mg/mLのブロックAにて)。次いで、溶解物をトリス洗浄バッファで1回洗浄する。2時間捕捉した後(室温にて)、溶解物をMSD(登録商標)プレートから除去し、プレートを1×トリス洗浄バッファで洗浄する。ブロッティング後、25μLの5nMのスルフォタグ抗全Met抗体(検出抗体、10mg/mL BSAおよび0.1%Blocker D−R(MSD(登録商標)で補充された1×トリス洗浄バッファ中で調製されたMSD(登録商標))をMSD(登録商標)プレートのウェルに加える。1時間捕捉した後(室温にて)、MSD(登録商標)プレートウェルを1×トリス洗浄バッファで洗浄し、次いで150μLの1×リードバッファ T(界面活性剤を含む、MSD(登録商標))を加える。リードバッファを追加した直後、プレートをSECTOR 6000 MSD(登録商標)撮像プレートリーダーで分析する。相対IC50値を、MSD活性ユニットを用いて、プレート「MIN」および「MAX」上のコントロールと比べて阻害率を計算し、次いで阻害率および10点投与反応データを4パラメータロジスティック方程式にフィッティングすることで、決定する。実施例1の化合物は、相対IC50値0.036μM、n=1(メシラート塩形態について0.038μM、n=1) を示した。これは、実施例Iの化合物が細胞インビトロ中でc−Metリン酸化を強力に阻害することを示している。
S114細胞(ヒトHGFおよびヒトc−Metの両方とも過剰発現)を、10%ウシ胎仔血清が補充され、拡張された増殖培地(ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地)中で培養する。細胞を採取し、リン酸緩衝化生理食塩水で2回洗浄し、2×106細胞を等量のBD Matrigel(商標)マトリックス(BD Bioscience,Franklin,NJ)と混合し、ヌードマウス(Harlan,Indianapolis,INからの無胸線ヌード)のわき腹に皮下注入する。注入後8日目において、化合物(懸濁液として10%アカシアまたは1%カルボキシメチルセルロース/0.5%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム/0.05%消泡剤中で調製された)を、50mg/kgにて強制経口投与により動物に投与する。動物を投与後2時間で死傷させ、腫瘍を採取し、必要となるまで凍結保存する。
ヒト膠芽腫細胞U87MG、ヒト胃癌細胞MKN45、またはヒト膵臓KP4細胞を培養し、販売元から受け取った後に動物施設内で1週間順化させていたメスCD−1nu/nu株マウスのひ腹に皮下注入する。マウスは、グループ当たり10匹のマウスのグループへ無作為化する。試験化合物を適切なビヒクル中で調製し、腫瘍が樹立したとき(注入後7〜21日、または、平均腫瘍体積が約100mm3に達したとき)、強制経口投与によって投与する。腫瘍反応を、治療期間の間に1週間に2回実施する腫瘍体積測定により決定する。体重における変動もまた、毒性の一般的な測定としてモニターする。実施例1の化合物を28日間の間に1日に2回経口投与する。
アッセイを用いて、化合物が10mMにてDMSO中の予め溶解されて溶液から沈殿するような濃度範囲を決定する。アッセイを96ウェルプレート上のスクリーニングフォーマットにおいて実施し、リン酸バッファ(50mM;pH7.4)水溶液中の沈殿化合物から比濁度(光散乱)を測定する。この方法は、10、20、40、60、80および100μM(この場合、DMSO%を一定に保つ)の濃度にてバッファ中の化合物を2時間RT(室温)でインキュベートすることからなる。プレートを比濁計により予め読んで、散乱または塵粒子が存在するかを決定し、これをバックグラウンド除去に用いる。報告値は、最後の可溶性物質および最初の不溶性物質が達成されたときの濃度である。これらのアッセイを最適化することなく、平衡溶解度を評価するか、または、「真」の動態溶解度を決定する。
c−Met過剰発現は、肺、胸、結腸直腸、胃、腎臓、膵臓、頭頸部を含む多くのヒト腫瘍について共通の特徴である(1,2)。キナーゼドメイン内のc−Met活性化変異は、例えば遺伝性乳頭状腎臓細胞癌、小児肝細胞癌、および、胃癌等のいくつかの腫瘍の原因として関係がある(3−7)。Pfizerからのc−Met阻害剤は、U87MG、GTL16、H441、Caki−1、およびPC3を含む多くのヒト異種移植片腫瘍における抗腫瘍効能を実証した(8)。
2.Birchmeier,C.,Birchmeier,W.,Gherardi,E.,and Vande Woude,GF.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:915−925,2003.
3.Di Renzo,MF.,Olivero,M.,Martone,T.Et al.Oncogene 19:1547−1555,2000.
4.Lee,JH.,Han,SU,Cho,H.et al.Oncogene19:4947−4953,2000.
5.Ma,PC.,Kijima,T.,Maulik,G.et al.Cancer Res 63:6272−6281,2003.
6.Park,WS.,Dong,SM.,Kim,SY.et al.Cancer Res59:307−310,1999.
7.Schmidt,L.,Duh,FM.,Chen,F.,et al.Nat Genet 16:68−73,1997.
8.Zou,H−yli,Qiuhua.,Lee, JH.,et al.Cancer Res 67:4408−4417,2007.
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