JP5735254B2 - Oral UV resistance improver - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an oral ultraviolet resistance improver that improves the ultraviolet resistance of skin by oral ingestion.

  In recent years, a decrease in the ozone layer has become a factor, and skin damage due to ultraviolet rays has become a problem. For example, chronic UV exposure may cause erythema and edema of the skin, wrinkles, sagging, spots and freckles appear significantly, skin elasticity decreases, skin darkening, yellowing increases A decrease in the amount of keratin water is induced.

  Conventionally, as means for improving damage to the skin due to ultraviolet rays, so-called sunscreens containing ultraviolet scattering agents and ultraviolet absorbers have been mainly used, and whitening agents having a melanin production inhibitory effect and the like have been mainly used. However, most of these are expected to have an effect obtained when used as a skin external preparation.

However, in recent years, from an approach based on holistic skin control, it is considered ideal to create a body resistant to ultraviolet rays, and attempts have been made to improve the resistance of skin to ultraviolet rays by ingestion. For example, when Lactobacillus sp is orally ingested, the skin barrier function damage caused by UV irradiation is suppressed (Patent Document 1), and when carotenoids are mixed with elastin or ceramide, they are induced by UV. It has been reported that the erythema of the skin which can be effectively suppressed (patent document 2). It is also known that vitamins C, E, B _{2 and the} like have an ultraviolet absorption effect.

On the other hand, hesperidin is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and the like as vitamin P having physiological actions such as strengthening of capillaries, prevention of bleeding, and blood pressure adjustment, and as a yellow colorant, antioxidant and the like. Methyl hesperidin is obtained by methylating such hesperidin and solubilizing it in water. In Japan, it is also designated as a pharmaceutical additive and a food additive. Hesperidin methyl chalcone is blended in cosmetics for the purpose of antioxidants and the like. In addition, recently, skin cosmetics using a combination of methyl hesperidin, an ascorbic acid derivative and an organic acid salt have an effect of preventing skin inflammation caused by ultraviolet rays and an effect of preventing / suppressing inflammatory pigmentation (Patent Document 3). It has been reported that a cosmetic containing a combination of a hesperidin compound and diisopropylamine dichloroacetate has a whitening effect (Patent Document 4). In addition, α-glycosyl hesperidin has been reported to have a melanin lowering effect and a skin lightness lowering suppressing effect when orally administered (Patent Document 5).
However, it has not been known so far that when methylhesperidin is taken orally, it has an effect of improving the resistance of the skin to ultraviolet rays.

JP 2008-179601 A JP 2004-229611 A JP-A-11-199468 JP-A-11-171756 JP 2009-7336 A

  The present invention relates to providing an ultraviolet resistance improver that can increase the resistance of skin to ultraviolet rays and reduce or suppress skin damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays by ingestion.

  The present inventors examined an orally ingestible material that improves the ultraviolet resistance of the skin, and when methylhesperidin was orally ingested, the onset of erythema, pigmentation, epidermal thickening, stratum corneum moisture due to ultraviolet exposure It has been found that the decrease in the amount can be significantly suppressed, which is useful as an ultraviolet resistance improver.

That is, the present invention relates to the following 1) to 4).
1) An oral ultraviolet resistance improver comprising methyl hesperidin as an active ingredient.
2) The oral ultraviolet resistance improver of 1) above, which reduces or suppresses skin damage induced by ultraviolet exposure.
3) The oral ultraviolet resistance improver according to 2) above, wherein the skin disorder induced by UV exposure is skin inflammation or skin aging.
4) Oral ultraviolet rays according to 2) above, wherein the skin damage induced by UV exposure is one or more selected from erythema of the skin, decreased skin elasticity, pigmentation, decreased skin barrier function and decreased stratum corneum function. Resistance improver.

  The ultraviolet resistance improver of the present invention is, for example, skin inflammation such as erythema and edema caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays on the skin, formation of wrinkles and sagging, formation of spots and freckles, reduction of skin elasticity, pigment It is effective for reducing or suppressing various skin damages such as so-called skin aging or skin deterioration such as deposition, darkening of the skin, increased yellowing, decreased skin barrier function, and decreased stratum corneum function.

  The methyl hesperidin used in the ultraviolet resistance improver of the present invention is obtained by methylating hesperidin and solubilizing it in water. Such methyl hesperidin is known to mainly include chalcone type compounds (A) and flavanone type compounds (B), and examples of the constituents thereof include those having the structures shown below.

  (In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.)

  Here, methyl hesperidin as a pharmaceutical additive and a food additive is mainly handled as a mixture of the compounds (C) and (D).

  (In the formula, Gl represents a glucose residue, Rh represents a rhamnose residue, and Gl-2 represents the 2-position of the glucose residue (including C3-position), and Rh-2 represents Represents the second position of the rhamnose residue.)

  Hesperidin methyl chalcone as a cosmetic raw material is handled as a compound represented by (E).

  (In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.)

The methyl hesperidin used in the ultraviolet resistance improver of the present invention may contain both the chalcone type compound (A) and flavanone type compound (B) shown above, or only one of them. But it ’s okay.
Further, in the case of a composition mainly containing a large amount of chalcone type compound, it may be called hesperidin methyl chalcone, but this is also the same.

  In the present invention, more preferred methyl hesperidin is methyl hesperidin (mainly a mixture of compound (C) and compound (D)) used as a pharmaceutical additive and food additive, and hesperidin used as a cosmetic raw material. And methyl chalcone (compound (E)).

Methyl hesperidin is a known method, for example, hesperidin produced from citrus peel is dissolved in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, a corresponding amount of dimethyl sulfate is allowed to act on the alkaline solution, and the reaction solution is neutralized with sulfuric acid. -It can be manufactured by extracting with butyl alcohol, distilling off the solvent and then recrystallizing with isopropyl alcohol (Sakibuka, Nippon Kagaku Kagaku, 79, 733-6 (1958)), but the manufacturing method is limited to this It is not a thing.
In addition, commercially available products (for example, those that are distributed as pharmaceutical additives, food additives, and cosmetic raw materials, or “methyl hesperidin” (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), “hesperidin methyl chalcone” (Sigma), etc.) It can also be purchased and used.

As shown in Examples below, when methyl hesperidin is orally ingested into mice and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the onset of skin erythema due to the ultraviolet rays is significantly suppressed, and the effect is superior to transglycosyl hesperidin. Similarly, when methyl hesperidin is orally ingested into mice or guinea pigs and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays, pigmentation induced by the ultraviolet rays, epidermal thickening, increased transdermal water transpiration, and decreased stratum corneum water content are significant. To be suppressed.
That is, methyl hesperidin can be used as an ultraviolet resistance improver that increases the resistance of skin to ultraviolet light, and can be used to produce the ultraviolet resistance improver.
Therefore, the oral UV resistance improver of the present invention is induced by UV exposure, skin inflammation such as erythema and edema of the skin, formation of wrinkles and sagging, formation of spots and freckles, reduction of skin elasticity, Oral drugs, quasi-drugs, and supplements to reduce or suppress skin disorders such as skin aging or skin deterioration, such as pigmentation, skin darkening, increased yellowing, decreased skin barrier function, and decreased stratum corneum function Or it is useful as a foodstuff, or as a raw material or formulation for blending them.
As shown in Example 2 below, in the methyl hesperidin administration group, the blood concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is an oxidative stress marker, decreases, so methyl hesperidin is DNA It has become clear that it has an action of suppressing oxidative damage of the serum but does not show total antioxidant capacity (PAO) in serum. Therefore, it can be said that the ultraviolet resistance improving action exhibited by methyl hesperidin is different from the action exhibited by antioxidants such as vitamin E and C.

  The pharmaceutical, quasi-drug or supplement dosage form containing methyl hesperidin of the present invention may be either a solid preparation or a liquid preparation. Specifically, tablets, coated tablets, capsules, granules, powders, powders, Examples include sustained-release preparations, suspensions, emulsions, internal liquids, dragees, pills, fine granules, syrups, and elixirs.

  In the above preparation, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be blended with methyl hesperidin. Such carriers include, for example, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, diluents, osmotic pressure regulators, fluidity promoters, absorption aids, pH adjusters, emulsifiers, preservatives, stabilization. Agent, antioxidant, colorant, UV absorber, wetting agent, thickener, brightener, activity enhancer, anti-inflammatory agent, bactericidal agent, flavoring agent, flavoring agent, extender, surfactant, dispersant, Buffering agents, preservatives, fixing agents, fragrances, coating agents and the like can be mentioned. Moreover, a well-known medicinal component can also be suitably mix | blended with the said formulation. Examples of such components include various vitamins, amino acids and peptides and derivatives thereof, nucleic acids and derivatives thereof, saccharides and derivatives thereof, carotenoids, soybean isoflavones, catechins, and antioxidants such as chlorogenic acid. .

  The content of methyl hesperidin in the above preparation is usually 0.001 to 90% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 60% by mass, based on the total mass of the preparation.

  Various foods containing methyl hesperidin of the present invention include, in addition to general foods and drinks, erythema and edema of the skin caused by ultraviolet rays, formation of wrinkles and sagging, formation of spots and freckles, reduced skin elasticity, pigmentation, Beauty foods for the sick, with the concept of reducing or suppressing skin damage such as skin darkening, yellowing increase, skin barrier function decrease, stratum corneum function decrease, etc. Functional foods such as foods, nutritional functional foods or foods for specified health use are included.

  The form of the food product can be solid, semi-solid or liquid. Examples of food include confectionery such as breads, noodles, cookies, jelly, dairy products, frozen foods, instant foods, processed starch products, processed meat products, other processed foods, coffee beverages, soups, Examples include seasonings, dietary supplements, and the like, and raw materials thereof. Further, like the above-mentioned preparation for oral administration, it may be in tablet form, pill form, capsule form, liquid form, syrup form, powder form, granule form and the like.

Such foods include methyl hesperidin, other food and drink materials, solvents, softeners, oils, emulsifiers, preservatives, fragrances, stabilizers, colorants, UV absorbers, antioxidants, moisturizers, A sticking agent, a sticking agent, a dispersing agent, a wetting agent and the like can be blended and combined as appropriate.
Various vitamins, amino acids and peptides and derivatives thereof, nucleic acids and derivatives thereof, sugars and derivatives thereof, carotenoids, soybean isoflavones, catechins, antioxidant components such as chlorogenic acid, and the like can be appropriately blended.

  Moreover, although content of methyl hesperidin in food-drinks changes with the usage forms, it is 0.0001-50 mass% normally, and 0.001-10 mass% is preferable.

  When the methyl hesperidin of the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical or in combination with a pharmaceutical, the dosage may vary according to the patient's condition, weight, sex, age or other factors, but per adult per oral administration The daily dose is preferably 0.001 to 100 g as methyl hesperidin. Moreover, although the said formulation can be administered according to arbitrary administration schedules, it is preferable to divide once to several times a day, and to administer continuously for several weeks to several months.

Example 1 Inhibition of erythema by UVB irradiation after ingestion of methyl hesperidin (1)
1) Method Hairless mouse HR-1 (female, 9 weeks old) (Japan SLC) was preliminarily raised for 1 week, then control group, glycosylated hesperidin administration group (glycosylated hesperidin: “Hayashibara Hesperidin S (Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd.)”) The group was divided into groups administered with methyl hesperidin (methyl hesperidin: “hesperidin methyl chalcone” (Sigma)).
* Glucose transfer hesperidin

During the test period, food and water were freely consumed, and the animals were raised under conditions of a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C., a humidity of 50 ± 1% and a lighting time of 7: 00-19: 00. Glucose transfer hesperidin administration group and methyl hesperidin administration group were prepared at 100 mg / kg body weight so that the dosage would be 0.1 mL / 10 g body weight, and in the form of emulsion twice a day for 2 weeks for stomach sonde. And was administered by oral gavage. In the control group, hesperidins were removed, and an emulsion was prepared and similarly administered orally. 2 weeks after oral administration, under pentobarbital anesthesia, 0.6 cm x 1.0 cm site was placed close to the back of the mouse, 2 rows x 3 rows = 6 sites were set, and the UVB irradiation dose of 1 mW / cm ² was used for 0 second. (0 mJ) and 40 seconds (40 mJ) were irradiated (each at 3 locations). Grade of erythema after 48 hours of irradiation was evaluated on a five-point scale (-; no response, ± (minimal erythema); mild or partial erythema, +; clear erythema, ++; erythema and edema, +++; erythema) Skin color (a * value) was measured using an edema and blisters) and a spectroscopic color difference meter SE-6000 (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). The a * value is an index representing the redness of the skin color, and the larger the a * value, the more the skin changes to red, that is, erythema occurs. For each group, the average value of 3 sites of 0 mJ (unirradiated site) was subtracted from the average value of 3 sites of 40 mJ (irradiated site), and expressed by Δa * value.

2) Results The results are shown in Table 1 Δa * value) and Table 2 (visual evaluation). Compared with the control group, an effect of suppressing an increase in a * value by UVB irradiation was found in the glycosylated hesperidin administration group and the methyl hesperidin administration group, and the effect was particularly strong in the methyl hesperidin administration group. Furthermore, visual evaluation also revealed that erythema was more suppressed in the methyl hesperidin administration group than in the glycosylated hesperidin administration group.

Example 2 Effects of oral intake of methyl hesperidin on serum 8-OHdG and serum antioxidant capacity (Cu reducing ability) 1) Method Hairless mouse HR-1 (female, 9 weeks old) (Japan SLC) 1 After pre-weekly breeding, control group, glycosylated hesperidin administration group (glycosylated hesperidin: “Hayashibara Hesperidin S (Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd.)”), methyl hesperidin administration group (methyl hesperidin: “Hesperidin methyl chalcone” (Sigma)), soybean Isoflavone administration group (soy isoflavone: "Isoflavone-80 (J-Oil Mills)") and a combination of vitamin E and vitamin C (vitamin E: "(±) -α-tocopherol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries)", Vitamin C: “L (+)-ascorbic acid (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)”) was divided into administration groups. During the test period, food and water were freely consumed, and the animals were raised under conditions of a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C., a humidity of 50 ± 1%, and a lighting time of 7: 00-19: 00. Glucose transfer hesperidin administration group and methyl hesperidin administration group 100 mg / kg body weight, soy isoflavone administration group 2 g / kg body weight, vitamin E and vitamin C combination (vitamin E + vitamin C) administration group, vitamin E 200 mg / kg body weight and vitamin C 600 mg / kg body weight were prepared so that the dosage would be 0.1 mL / 10 g body weight, and were orally administered by gavage using a stomach tube twice a day for 2 weeks in an emulsion form. In the control group, the sample was removed and an emulsion was prepared and administered orally in the same manner. Two weeks after oral administration, blood was collected from the heart and prepared into serum, and the DNA oxidation damage marker 8-OHdG was measured for the oxidative stress marker in the serum using ELISA kit (JaICA), and the antioxidant capacity measurement using the reduction reaction of copper ions Using the kit “PAO” (JaICA), the total antioxidant capacity (PAO) in the serum was quantified.

2) Results The results are shown in Table 3 (8-OHdG) and Table 4 (antioxidant ability). Serum 8-OHdG decreased in the glycosylated hesperidin administration group and the methyl hesperidin administration group compared to the control group, and it was revealed that the action was particularly strong in the methyl hesperidin administration group. Such effects were not observed in the soy isoflavone administration group and the vitamin E + vitamin C administration group. On the other hand, the PAO in serum was not significantly different in the glycosylated hesperidin administration group and the methyl hesperidin administration group compared to the control group. In the group treated with soy isoflavone and vitamin E + vitamin C, which are antioxidants, PAO was higher than that in the control group, but the antioxidative ability of hesperidins in serum was higher than those antioxidants. Suggested not strong.
From the above, it has been clarified that the effect of improving the ultraviolet resistance of hesperidins, particularly methyl hesperidin, is a mechanism other than the antioxidant ability.

Example 3 Inhibition Effect of Pigmentation by Ingestion of Methylhesperidin 1) Method
Weiser-Maples brown guinea pigs (female, 11 weeks old) were preliminarily raised for 1 week, and then divided into a control group and a methyl hesperidin administration group (methyl hesperidin: “Hesperidin methyl chalcone” (Sigma)). During the test period, food and water were freely consumed, and the animals were raised under conditions of a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C., a humidity of 50 ± 1%, and a lighting time of 7: 00-19: 00. Carefully cut the back of the guinea pig with a hair clipper and shaver, and set the 10cm x 1.0cm area close to the shaved back, 2 rows x 5 rows = 10 locations, 0mJ / cm ² Irradiation was performed by setting 5 sites each (irradiated) and 300 mJ / cm ² UVB twice a day. In addition, the part other than the UVB irradiation part was covered with aluminum foil so that UVB was not hit. In the group administered methyl hesperidin, 100 mg / kg body weight was prepared so that the dosage would be 0.5 mL / 100 g body weight, and in the emulsion form, once a day from the first irradiation day, for 3 weeks, using a gastric sonde for oral gavage Administered. In the control group, methyl hesperidin was removed, and an emulsion was prepared and similarly administered orally. Before oral administration (irradiation) and after 1, 2 and 3 weeks after oral administration (irradiation), UVB unirradiated sites and UVB irradiated sites were measured using the color difference meter OFC-300A (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) L * value) was measured. The L * value is an index representing the lightness of the skin color, and the lower the L * value, the more the skin changes to black. For each group, the average value of L * values at 5 irradiation sites after 3 weeks of administration (irradiation) was subtracted from the average value of L * values at 5 irradiation sites before administration (irradiation), and expressed as ΔL * values. .

2) Results The results are shown in Table 5. The methyl hesperidin administration group was found to significantly suppress the increase in ΔL * value compared to the control group. In other words, methyl hesperidin was considered to have an effect of suppressing pigmentation in the process of pigmentation formation.

Example 4 Inhibition of erythema by UVB irradiation after ingestion of methyl hesperidin (2)
1) Method Hairless mice HR-1 (female, 7 weeks old) (Japan SLC) were preliminarily raised for 1 week, and then divided into a control group and a methyl hesperidin administration group. In addition, the thing for food additives made from Alps Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was used for methyl hesperidin. During the test period, food and water were freely consumed, and the animals were raised under conditions of a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C., a humidity of 50 ± 1%, and a lighting time of 7: 00-19: 00. In the methyl hesperidin administration group, 100 mg / kg body weight was prepared so that the dosage was 0.1 mL / 10 g body weight, and was orally administered by gavage using a stomach tube twice a day for 2 weeks in an emulsion form. In the control group, methyl hesperidin was removed, and an emulsion was prepared and similarly administered orally. 2 weeks after oral administration, under pentobarbital anesthesia, 0.6 cm x 1.0 cm site was placed close to the back of the mouse, 2 rows x 3 rows = 6 sites were set, and the UVB irradiation dose of 1 mW / cm ² was used for 0 second. (0 mJ) and 40 seconds (40 mJ) were irradiated (each at 3 locations).
Grade of erythema after 48 hours of irradiation was evaluated on a five-point scale (-; no response, ± (minimal erythema); mild or partial erythema, +; clear erythema, ++; erythema and edema, +++; erythema) Skin color (a * value) was measured using an edema and blisters) and a spectroscopic color difference meter SE-6000 (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). The a * value is an index representing the redness of the skin color, and the larger the a * value, the more the skin changes to red, that is, erythema occurs. For each group, the average value of 3 sites of 0 mJ (unirradiated site) was subtracted from the average value of 3 sites of 40 mJ (irradiated site), and expressed by Δa * value.

2) Results The results are shown in Table 6 (Δa * value) and Table 7 (visual evaluation). Compared to the control group, an effect of suppressing an increase in a * value by UVB irradiation was found in the group administered with methyl hesperidin (for food additives). Furthermore, visual evaluation also revealed that erythema was suppressed in the methyl hesperidin administration group.

Example 5 Inhibition of epidermal thickening by UVB irradiation by ingestion of methyl hesperidin 1) Method After pre-breeding hairless mouse HR-1 (female, 9 weeks old) (Japan SLC), control group, methyl hesperidin administration group (methyl Hesperidin: “Hesperidin methyl chalcone” (Sigma)). During the test period, food and water were freely consumed, and the animals were raised under conditions of a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C., a humidity of 50 ± 1% and a lighting time of 7: 00-19: 00. In the methyl hesperidin administration group, 100 mg / kg body weight was prepared so that the dosage was 0.1 mL / 10 g body weight, and was orally administered by gavage using a stomach tube twice a day for 2 weeks in an emulsion form. In the control group, methyl hesperidin was removed, and an emulsion was prepared and similarly administered orally. 2 weeks after oral administration, under pentobarbital anesthesia, 0.6 cm x 1.0 cm site was placed close to the back of the mouse, 2 rows x 3 rows = 6 sites were set, and the UVB irradiation dose of 1 mW / cm ² was used for 0 second. (0 mJ) and 40 seconds (40 mJ) were irradiated (each at 3 locations). At 48 hours after irradiation, the blood was sacrificed by cardiac blood sampling, and the UVB non-irradiated site and irradiated skin were collected, HE-stained specimens were prepared, and the skin thickness was observed with a microscope. For the skin thickness, the average value of the skin thickness at any 50 locations per tissue was taken as the skin thickness of that tissue.
2) Results The results are shown in Table 8 (Δ skin thickness). It was revealed that epidermal thickening was suppressed in the methyl hesperidin administration group compared to the control group.

Example 6 Inhibition Effect of Oral Intake of Methylhesperidin on Reduction of Corneal Layer Function by UVB Irradiation 1) Method After pre-breeding hairless mouse HR-1 (male, 9 weeks old) (Japan SLC), control group, methyl hesperidin administration Divided into groups. In addition, the thing for food additives made from Alps Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was used for methyl hesperidin. During the test period, food and water were freely consumed, and the animals were raised under conditions of a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C., a humidity of 50 ± 1% and a lighting time of 7: 00-19: 00. In the methyl hesperidin administration group, 100 mg / kg body weight was prepared so that the dosage was 0.1 mL / 10 g body weight, and was orally administered by gavage using a stomach tube twice a day for 2 weeks in an emulsion form. In the control group, methyl hesperidin was removed, and an emulsion was prepared and similarly administered orally. Two weeks after oral administration, under pentobarbital anesthesia, a 1.5 cm x 1.0 cm site was set close to the back of the mouse, 1 column x 1 row = 2 locations, and a UVB irradiation dose of 1 mW / cm ² for 0 sec. (0 mJ) and 40 seconds (40 mJ) were irradiated (one each). 48 hours after irradiation, under pentobarbital anesthesia, the transdermal water evaporation (TEWL), which is an index of the skin barrier function, was measured using a Tewameter, and the stratum corneum water content (Capacitance) was measured using a Corneometer. For each group, the value of the site of 0 mJ (unirradiated site) was subtracted from the value of the site of 40 mJ (irradiated site), and expressed by ΔTEWL value and ΔCapacitance value, respectively.
2) Results The results are shown in Table 9 (ΔTEWL value) and Table 10 (ΔCapacitance value). In the group administered with methyl hesperidin (for food additives) compared with the control group, an effect of suppressing an increase in TEWL value and a decrease in the capacitance value due to UVB irradiation was found. Based on the above, it was considered that methyl hesperidin has an action of suppressing the decrease in the skin barrier function and the stratum corneum function due to UVB irradiation.

Claims (4)

An oral UV resistance improver containing methyl hesperidin as an active ingredient (except when used as food) .   The oral ultraviolet resistance improver according to claim 1, which reduces or suppresses skin damage induced by ultraviolet exposure.   The oral ultraviolet resistance enhancer according to claim 2, wherein the skin disorder induced by ultraviolet exposure is skin inflammation or skin aging.   The oral ultraviolet resistance according to claim 2, wherein the skin damage induced by exposure to ultraviolet rays is at least one selected from erythema of the skin, decreased skin elasticity, pigmentation, decreased skin barrier function and decreased stratum corneum function. Improver.