JP5727418B2 - Pressure cycle management in a compressed gas distribution system. - Google Patents

Description

  Distributing compressed gas from a compressed gas storage system to a low-pressure receiving vessel can be used in a variety of applications such as fueling vehicles powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) or powered by hydrogen. Is known in the technical field. A compressed gas storage system generally includes a plurality of high pressure gas storage volumes along with piping and valve systems, each of which sequentially dispenses gas from the high pressure gas storage volume to a low pressure receiving vessel, and the gas supply system supplies It is later supplemented by refilling the gas storage volume. The storage volume space may contain a single container or a series of containers.

  A common dispensing method for sequentially transferring gas from each compressed gas storage volume space to a low pressure receiving vessel is known in the art as a cascade dispensing method. Examples of the cascade dispensing method are described in U.S. Pat. It is disclosed in each specification of 2007/0125441.

  In the cascade method, a low-pressure receiving container is filled with increasing pressure sequentially from each of a plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, and each gas storage volume space is operated within a predetermined pressure range for each filling process. For example, in a system having three compressed gas storage volumes, each containing gas at an upper gas storage pressure, the first gas storage volume distributes gas to the receiving vessel from an initial pressure to a first intermediate pressure. The second storage volume space delivers gas to the receiving vessel from the first intermediate pressure to the second intermediate pressure, and the third storage volume space finally fills the receiving vessel from the second intermediate pressure Dispense gas to pressure. The storage volume space is refilled from the gas source to the upper gas storage pressure described above, and in the same manner, gas is sequentially dispensed to other low pressure receiving vessels. Thus, in each subsequent dispensing step, the first gas storage volume always delivers a lower pressure range of gas, the second storage volume always delivers an intermediate pressure range of gas, The storage volume space of 3 always dispenses gas in the higher pressure range.

US Pat. No. 5,406,988 US Pat. No. 5,673,735 US Pat. No. 6,777,568 US Pat. No. 7,128,103 US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0175564 US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0260950 US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0125441

  As the number of cars powered by compressed gas is expected to increase within a few years, the use of cascade gas distribution systems will greatly increase. In order to ensure efficient operation and a longer operating life of the future cascade gas distribution system, it is necessary to improve the design and operation of the cascade gas distribution system. This need is met by the embodiments of the invention described below and defined by the claims.

  There are several embodiments of the method of the present invention as outlined below.

Embodiment 1:
A method for distributing compressed gas from a plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, and a method of operating a plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces in a pressure range from a lower gas storage pressure P _LOWER to an upper gas storage pressure P _UPPER A pressure cycle in which compressed gas is extracted from each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces and compressed gas is introduced into each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, and the pressure in each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is periodically changed. The pressure cycle for each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is independent of each other, and the pressure cycle for each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces includes a pressure reducing portion and this pressure reduction. and a pressure increasing portion following the portion, the pressure reduction part, the pressure P _LOWER from within 7.5MPa of P _UPPER To within 7.5 MPa (or from within 5MPa of P _UPPER to within 5MPa of P _LOWER) proceeds, the pressure increase portion, from within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER to within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER (or P from within 5MPa the _LOWER to within 5MPa of P _UPPER and) moves, between the pressure in the respective pressure reduction part of the pressure cycle of the compressed gas storage volume space does not increase at any time, in each of compressed gas storage volume space A compressed gas dispensing method in which the pressure does not decrease at any point during the pressure increasing portion of the pressure cycle.

Embodiment 2:
The method of Embodiment 1, further comprising the following (a) to (d):
(A) Dispensing from a first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to a first receiving container, wherein the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is initially a first pressure. P ₁ and P _LOWER <P ₁ ≦ P _UPPER .
(B) the pressure at first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space P _LOWER within 7.5 MPa (or P _LOWER 5 MPa within the) of the compressed gas storage volume space more if became End distribution from the first.
(C) Subsequent to the step (b), the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the first receiving container, and the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is The thing is initially at the second pressure P ₂ and P _LOWER <P ₂ ≦ P _UPPER .
(D) ending dispensing from the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces once the first receiving container is filled to the desired level for the first receiving container.

Embodiment 3:
The method of embodiment 2, wherein the dispensing in step (b) is terminated irrespective of the pressure difference between the first compressed gas storage volume space and the first receiving vessel.

Embodiment 4:
4. The method of embodiment 2 or embodiment 3, wherein the dispensing in step (b) is terminated irrespective of the instantaneous flow rate of compressed gas from the first compressed gas storage volume space to the first receiving vessel.

Embodiment 5:
Subsequent to step (b), another one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is dispensed to the first receiving vessel, and the other one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is initially P having a pressure within the _UPPER 7.5 MPa (or within 5MPa of P _UPPER), and,
Pressure ends the minute feed from another of the P _LOWER within 7.5 MPa (or P _LOWER 5 MPa within the) compressed gas storage volume space more if became in another compressed gas storage volume space about,
The method of any one of embodiments 2-4, further comprising:

Embodiment 6:
Has a pressure P ₃ second ones of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space at min feed end of the step (d), the method further comprises the following (e) ~ (h), the embodiment Any one method of 2-5.
(E) Dispensing from a second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to the second receiving container, and the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is initially the pressure P _Be in ₃ .
(F) the pressure in the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space P _LOWER within 7.5 MPa (or P _LOWER 5 MPa within the) of the compressed gas storage volume space more if became End distribution from the second.
(G) Subsequent to the step (f), the third one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the second receiving container, and the third of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is The thing is initially at the fourth pressure P ₄ , P _LOWER <P ₄ ≦ P _UPPER .
(H) Terminate dispensing from the third of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces once the second receiving container is filled to the desired level for the second receiving container.

Embodiment 7:
Has a pressure P ₃ second ones of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space at min feed end of the step (d), the method further comprises
(E) Dispensing from a second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to the second receiving container, and the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is initially the pressure P _Being in ₃ ,
(F) pressure at the second ones of the plurality of the compressed gas storage volume space P _LOWER within 7.5 MPa (or P _LOWER 5 MPa within the) of the compressed gas storage volume space more if became Ending the distribution from the second,
(G ′) Subsequent to the step (f), the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the second receiving container, and the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is provided. it is those that are within 7.5MPa of P _UPPER (or within 5MPa of P _UPPER) in the beginning,
(H ′) ending dispensing from the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces if the second receiving container is filled to a desired level for the second receiving container;
The method of any one of embodiments 2-5, comprising:

Embodiment 8:
The additional compressed gas is added to the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces after the step (b) and before the step (g) in addition to the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. the pressure to within 7.5MPa Kara P _UPPER within 7.5MPa of P _LOWER (or from within 5MPa of P _LOWER to within 5MPa of P _UPPER) increases, the method of the embodiment 7.

Embodiment 9:
Embodiment 9. The method of any one of embodiments 2-8, wherein compressed gas is introduced from a compressed gas source into the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces during step (a).

Embodiment 10:
Embodiment 9. The method of any one of embodiments 2-8, wherein during step (c), compressed gas is introduced from a compressed gas source into a second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces.

Embodiment 11:
The method of any one of embodiments 2-8, wherein compressed gas is introduced from the compressor into the first receiving vessel during step (a).

Embodiment 12:
The method of any one of embodiments 2-8, wherein compressed gas is introduced from the compressor into the first receiving vessel during step (c).

Embodiment 13:
A plurality of secondary control instructions for introducing compressed gas into each of compressed gas storage volume space, the pressure in each of the multiple compressed gas storage volume space within 7.5MPa of P _UPPER (or 5MPa of P _UPPER The secondary control command is applied independently of the pressure in each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces prior to this step of providing a control command to introduce compressed gas. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising.

1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a compressed gas storage and distribution system. FIG. FIG. 2 is a plot of pressure generalized versus elapsed time for a cyclic wheel cascade dispensing process using the compressed gas storage and dispensing system of FIG. FIG. 3 is a plot of pressure generalized versus elapsed time for a periodic rotating cascade cascade dispensing process using a compressed gas storage and dispensing system with two compressed gas storage volumes. FIG. 2 is a process logic diagram for an exemplary dispensing portion of a process for a compressed gas storage and dispensing system. FIG. 2 is a process logic diagram for an exemplary storage fill portion of a process for a compressed gas storage and dispensing system. FIG. 3 is a plot of pressure against elapsed time for a prior art wheeled cascade dispensing process including refilling. FIG. 2 is a plot of pressure against elapsed time for a cyclic wheel cascade dispensing process using the compressed gas storage and dispensing system of FIG. 1 including refilling and compression.

  The present invention relates to a method for dispensing compressed gas in a series of compressed gas dispensing steps from a compressed gas dispensing system having two or more compressed gas storage volume spaces.

  Compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen are typical components dispensed from these compressed gas dispensing systems. These systems are exposed to a wide range of ambient temperatures well above the critical temperature of hydrogen (−240 ° C. (−400 ° F.)) and the critical temperature of methane (−83 ° C. (−117 ° F.)). Are generally stored and dispensed as supercritical fluids rather than gases according to a strict thermodynamic definition. However, the terms “gas” and “compressed gas” are generally used in the art as generic terms for both gases and supercritical fluids. In this disclosure, the terms “gas” and “compressed gas” may be used interchangeably and are intended to include elements and components in the thermodynamic state of both gas and supercritical fluid. Has been.

  The terms “compressed gas storage volume” or “gas storage volume” are equivalent and collectively function as a single gas storage container and / or a single combined gas storage volume Defined as including a plurality of gas storage containers. In the case of extracting gas from a gas storage volume space that includes a plurality of gas storage containers, gas is simultaneously extracted from each of the plurality of gas storage volume spaces during the dispensing process. A plurality of containers operated in this manner can be defined as a series of containers.

  The terms “compressed gas receiving container” and “gas receiving container” are equivalent and are defined as a gas storage volume space that is filled with gas from the compressed gas storage volume space during the dispensing process of the gas dispensing cycle. . The compressed gas receiving container can be a fuel tank of a vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, forklift, or bus.

  The articles “a” and “an” as used in the original description, when applied to any component in the aspects of the invention described in this specification and in the claims, Or multiple. The use of “a” and “an” does not limit the meaning to a single component unless specifically stated otherwise. The article “the” preceding a noun or noun or noun phrase used in the textual specification represents one or more specific specified elements, depending on the context in which it is used. Can have the implications. As used herein, the adjective “any” means one, some, or all indiscriminately of any quantity. The term “and / or” placed between a first component and a second component is (1) a first component, (2) a second component, and (3) a second component. It means one of the first component and the second component. “And / or” placed between the last two components of a list of three or more components means at least one of the components in the list.

  As used herein, “plurality” means two or more.

  As used herein, “communication” means being connected by one or more conduits, manifolds, valves, etc. to be effective for transferring fluid. A conduit is any pipe, tube, passage, etc. that can transport fluid. Unless otherwise specified, intermediate devices such as pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, or containers may be present between the first device and the second device in communication therewith.

  The term “communication” as applied to the first and second regions or volume spaces means that the fluid is connected from the first region or volume space to the second region or volume space and / or the intermediate region or volume. It means that it can flow through space. The term “connect” or “connected” as applied to the first and second regions or volume spaces is the pipe that connects the fluid from the first region or volume space to the second region or volume space. Means that it can flow through. The term “communication” means that the valve between the first and second region or volume space is (1) that gas flow actually occurs when the valve is open, or (2 ) Applied to installed systems so that gas flow occurs potentially, ie when the valve is closed and may open.

  The adjective “open” when applied to a flow control valve is a valve flow control member that allows gas to flow through the valve, such as a valve stem, diaphragm, butterfly, rotating ball, etc. Of any position. Thus, the adjective “open” can be applied to a flow control valve that is partially open or fully open. The verbs “open” and “open” mean the action of moving the flow control member of the valve from a closed position to a partially open position or a fully open position. The term “closed” has the usual meaning of a valve in which no gas flow occurs because the flow control member is in the closed position.

  Downstream and upstream refer to the intended flow direction of the transferred process fluid. If the intended flow direction of the process fluid is from the first device to the second device, the second device communicates downstream of the first device.

  A typical compressed gas storage and dispensing system is illustrated in FIG. 1 and has three compressed gas storage volume spaces A, B, and C, indicated by reference numerals 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Each of the three compressed gas storage volume spaces may be a single gas storage volume space as shown, or may be a plurality of gas storage containers arranged in series or in parallel, each gas storage volume here The plurality of gas storage containers for the space are in communication with each other to collectively function as a combined single gas storage volume space. The inlets of the three compressed gas storage volume spaces 1, 3, 5 are connected to the compressor 7 via the manifold 9 and the respective inlet flow control valves 11, 13, 15, and the outlets of the gas storage volume spaces have their respective flow rates. It is connected to the dispensing manifold 23 via control valves 17, 19, 21. The compressor 7 is connected via a conduit 25 to a gas source 27, which is at least one of a pipeline, a large gas storage container, a plurality of gas storage containers, and a liquefied gas storage and vaporization system. be able to.

  Although three compressed gas storage volume spaces are illustrated in FIG. 1, the present method is applied to a compressed gas storage and distribution system having two or more compressed gas storage volume spaces.

  The dispensing manifold 23 is connected to the joint 35 via a dispensing conduit 29, a dispensing flow control valve 31, and an optional heat exchanger 33. An optional heat exchanger 33 may be used to cool the compressed gas immediately before introducing the compressed gas into the receiving vessel. Fitting 35 is adapted to connect the compressed gas storage and dispensing system to a receiving vessel R indicated by reference numeral 37.

  The term “gas distribution pressure” may refer to the pressure at the joint 35 or may refer to the pressure at the inlet to the compressed gas receiving container R during the dispensing process.

  The valves 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 31 are controlled by the control device 39 via their respective control signal lines. The control device 39 is for operating the valves 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 31 properly during the gas dispensing process and during the refilling process of the compressed gas storage volume spaces A, B, C. It may be a computer, programmable logic controller (PLC), or any other type of control device known in the art. The control device 39 can also control the operation of the compressor 7. The controller 39 can receive an input from the temperature measuring element 41, which measures the ambient temperature. Ambient temperature measurements can be used to affect the pressure rise rate or flow rate of the gas being dispensed.

  The method for dispensing compressed gas from a plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows a plot of typical generalized pressure against elapsed time for a dispensing system having three compressed gas storage volumes, but any number of compressed gas storage volumes greater than two Can be used.

Each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes is operated in a pressure range from a lower gas storage pressure P _LOWER to an upper gas storage pressure P _UPPER . The compressed gas storage volume generally has a design pressure cycle range. For example, the compressed gas storage volume space of FIG. 2 is shown having a lower gas storage pressure P _{LOWER of} 60 MPa and an upper gas storage pressure P _UPPER of 90 MPa. The upper gas storage pressure P _UPPER can be a maximum allowable operating pressure or a value lower than the maximum allowable operating pressure. The ASME standard states that the maximum allowable operating pressure of the vessel is the highest pressure allowed at the top of the vessel at the normal operating position, at the simultaneously observed specified temperature specified for that pressure. . The lower gas storage pressure P _LOWER is generally greater than zero because the periodic stress on the vessel increases when the difference between the lower gas storage pressure P _LOWER and the upper gas storage pressure P _UPPER is large. The ability to supply compressed gas to the receiving vessel is both due to a disproportionate decrease in lower gas storage pressure P _LOWER as it approaches zero.

  The method includes providing a special main control command. The method may also include providing one or more sets of secondary control instructions.

  The pressure of each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes varies periodically with the pressure cycle. During the pressure cycle of the compressed gas storage volume space, compressed gas is withdrawn for dispensing to one or more receiving vessels, thereby reducing the pressure of the compressed gas storage volume space, and then the compressed gas is compressed. Introduced into the gas storage volume, thereby increasing the pressure of the compressed gas storage volume. The pressure cycles for each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces are independent of one another, i.e. they are temporally replaced with one another. As shown in FIG. 2, the pressure in each compressed gas storage volume space increases or decreases independently of the other compressed gas storage volume spaces.

  Each pressure cycle has a pressure decreasing portion and a pressure increasing portion that follows the pressure decreasing portion. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the storage volume space A has a pressure decreasing portion 201 followed by a pressure increasing portion 203. The storage volume B has a pressure decreasing portion 205 followed by a pressure increasing portion 207. The storage volume C has a pressure decrease portion 209 followed by a pressure increase portion 211.

According to the main control command of the present method, during the pressure decreasing part, the pressure moves from within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER to within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER . In one or more embodiments, during the pressure reduction portion, the pressure moves from within 5 MPa of P _UPPER to within 5 MPa of P _LOWER . In one or more embodiments, during the pressure reduction portion, the pressure moves from within 2 MPa of P _UPPER to within 1 MPa of P _LOWER . In FIG. 2, the margin between P _UPPER and the allowable range of 5 MPa is indicated as P _{UPPER, MARGIN,} and the margin between P _LOWER and the allowable range of 5 MPa is indicated as P _{LOWER, MARGIN.} Yes.

According to the main control command of the method, during the pressure increasing part, the pressure moves from within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER to within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER . In one or more embodiments, the pressure moves from within 5 MPa of P _LOWER to within 5 MPa of P _UPPER during the pressure increasing portion. In one or more embodiments, during the pressure increase portion, the pressure moves from within 1 MPa of P _LOWER to within 2 MPa of P _UPPER .

  The main control command is that the pressure in each of the compressed gas storage volumes does not increase at any time during the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle, and the pressure in each of the compressed gas storage volumes is not increased in the pressure increasing portion of the pressure cycle. It is characterized by not decreasing at any time.

  These features are illustrated in FIG. 2 and are intended to be exemplary and are not intended to limit the method.

  For the sake of simplicity, the pressure profile plotted against elapsed time is shown as a straight line in the figure, but this is a simplification for purposes of illustration. In actual operation, these profiles may not be linear, and these profiles may have one or more interruptions during the dispensing cycle for hose inspection required by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). As such, it may be discontinuous.

For illustration purposes, P _UPPER in FIG. 2 is 90 MPa and P _LOWER is 60 MPa.

The storage volume space A, which is initially 90 MPa (P _UPPER ) and corresponds to the point 221, is used to initially distribute the compressed gas to the 20 MPa receiving container A. The pressure in the storage volume space A decreases along the path 201 corresponding to the pressure decreasing part of the pressure cycle, while at the same time the pressure increases in the receiving vessel A. The dispensing from the storage volume space A stops at 5 minutes corresponding to the point 223 in the plot of FIG. The pressure in the storage volume space A at point 223 is 63 MPa and is within 7.5 MPa of the P _LOWER required by the method.

Next, the storage volume B, which is initially 88 MPa (within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER ) and corresponds to the point 231, is used to complete the filling of the receiving container A. The compressed gas is distributed from the storage volume space B to the receiving container A. The pressure in the storage volume B decreases along a path 205 corresponding to the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle for the storage volume B, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving container A is the final filling for the receiving container A. Increase until pressure reaches 70 MPa. The pressure in the storage volume B decreases to 80 MPa when the receiving container A reaches its final filling pressure, here 70 MPa.

Following the pressure reducing portion 201, the storage volume space A in which the compressed gas has been consumed is then subjected to a pressure increasing portion along the path 203 that is introduced into the storage volume space A until the compressed gas reaches a pressure of 88 MPa. . The compressed gas is introduced into the storage volume space A until at least the pressure of the storage volume space A is within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER .

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure in the storage volume space A does not increase at any time while in the pressure decreasing portion path 201, and the pressure in the storage volume space A is in the pressure increasing portion path 203. The interval does not decrease at any time.

The storage volume space B, which is 80 MPa at 10 minutes corresponding to the point 235 in the plot of FIG. 2, is used to initially distribute the compressed gas to the receiving vessel B at 20 MPa. The pressure in the storage volume B further decreases along the path 205 corresponding to the pressure decreasing part of the pressure cycle for the storage volume B, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving vessel B increases. The dispensing from the storage volume space B stops at 13 minutes corresponding to the point 237 in the plot of FIG. The pressure in the storage volume B at point 237 is 60 MPa and is therefore within 7.5 MPa of the P _LOWER required by the method.

Next, the storage volume space C that is initially 89 MPa (within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER ) and corresponds to the point 241 is used to complete the filling of the receiving container B. The compressed gas is distributed from the storage volume space C to the receiving container B. The pressure in the storage volume C decreases along the path 209 corresponding to the pressure decreasing part of the pressure cycle for the storage volume C, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving container B is the final filling for the receiving container B. Increase until pressure reaches 70 MPa. The pressure in the storage volume C decreases to 75 MPa at point 243 when the receiving container B reaches its final filling pressure.

Following the pressure reduction portion 205, the storage volume space B where the compressed gas has been consumed is then the pressure increase portion along the path 207 which is introduced into the storage volume space B until the compressed gas reaches a pressure of 90 MPa (P _UPPER ). It is attached to. The compressed gas is introduced into the storage volume B until at least the pressure of the storage volume B is within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER .

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure in the storage volume B does not increase at any time while in the pressure decreasing portion path 205, and the pressure in the storage volume B is in the pressure increasing portion path 207. The interval does not decrease at any time. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure reduction portion may include a period in which the pressure is constant. Similarly, the pressure increase portion may include a period during which the pressure is constant.

At the point of 19 minutes corresponding to point 245 in the plot of FIG. 2, the storage volume space C at 75 MPa is used to initially distribute the compressed gas to the receiving vessel C at 20 MPa. The pressure in the storage volume C further decreases along the path 209 corresponding to the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle for the storage volume C, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving vessel C increases. The distribution from the storage volume space C stops at 21 minutes corresponding to the point 247 in the plot of FIG. The pressure in the storage volume C at point 247 is 61 MPa and is therefore within 7.5 MPa of the P _LOWER required by the method.

Next, the storage volume space A, which is refilled to 88 MPa (within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER ) and corresponding to the point 251, is used to complete the filling of the receiving container C. The compressed gas is distributed from the storage volume space A to the receiving container C. The pressure in the storage volume A decreases along a path 202 corresponding to the pressure decreasing portion of another pressure cycle for the storage volume space A, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving vessel C is reduced for the receiving vessel B. Increase until the final filling pressure of 70 MPa is reached. The pressure in the storage volume space A decreases to 70 MPa at point 253 when the receiving container C reaches its final filling pressure.

Following the pressure reduction portion 209, the storage volume space C in which the compressed gas has been consumed is then attached to the pressure increase portion along the path 211 that is introduced into the storage volume space C until the compressed gas reaches a pressure of 85.5 MPa. Is done. The compressed gas is introduced into the storage volume space C at least until the pressure of the storage volume space C is within 7.5 MPa of 90 MPa (P _UPPER ).

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure in the storage volume C does not increase at any time while in the pressure-decreasing portion path 209, and the pressure in the storage volume C is in the pressure-increasing portion path 211. The interval does not decrease at any time. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure reduction portion may include a period in which the pressure is constant. Similarly, the pressure increase portion may include a period during which the pressure is constant.

At 28 minutes, corresponding to point 255 in the plot of FIG. 2, the storage volume space A at 70 MPa is used to initially distribute the compressed gas to the receiving vessel D at 20 MPa. The pressure in the storage volume space A further decreases along the path 202 corresponding to the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle for the storage volume space A, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving vessel D increases. The distribution from the storage volume space A stops at 29 minutes corresponding to the point 257 in the plot of FIG. The pressure in the storage volume A at point 257 is 60 MPa (P _LOWER ) and is therefore within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER required by the method.

Next, the storage volume B which is refilled to 90 MPa (within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER ) and corresponds to the point 261 is used to complete the filling of the receiving container D. The compressed gas is distributed from the storage volume space B to the receiving container D. The pressure in the storage volume space B decreases along the path 206 corresponding to the pressure decreasing portion of another pressure cycle for the storage volume space B, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving vessel D is equal to the storage volume space B and Increasing until the receiving vessel D equilibrates at 65 MPa at point 263.

Next, the storage volume space C, which is refilled to 85.5 MPa (within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER ) and corresponding to the point 271, is used to complete the filling of the receiving container D. The compressed gas is distributed from the storage volume space C to the receiving container D. The pressure in the storage volume C decreases along the path 208 corresponding to the pressure decreasing portion of another pressure cycle for the storage volume space C, while at the same time the pressure in the receiving vessel D is reduced for the receiving vessel D. Increase until the final filling pressure of 70 MPa is reached. The pressure in the storage volume C decreases to 81 MPa at point 273 when the receiving container D reaches its final filling pressure.

The pressure of the storage volume space B, when the receiving container D and storage volume space B is balanced at 65MPa is within 7.5MPa of P _LOWER, reduced to 65MPa at point 263.

Following the pressure reduction portion 202, the storage volume space A where the compressed gas has been consumed is then the pressure increase portion along the path 204 where the compressed gas is introduced into the storage volume space A until it reaches a pressure of 90 MPa (P _UPPER ). It is attached to. The compressed gas is introduced into the storage volume space A at least until the pressure of the storage volume space A is within 7.5 MPa of 90 MPa (P _UPPER ).

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure in the storage volume space A does not increase at any time while in the pressure decreasing portion path 202, and the pressure in the storage volume space A is in the pressure increasing portion path 204. The interval does not decrease at any time. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure reduction portion may include a period in which the pressure is constant. Similarly, the pressure increase portion may include a period during which the pressure is constant.

Following the pressure reducing portion 206, the storage volume B where the compressed gas has been consumed is then subjected to a pressure increasing portion along the path 210 that is introduced into the storage volume B until the compressed gas reaches a pressure of 89 MPa. . The compressed gas is introduced into the storage volume space B until at least the pressure of the storage volume space B is within 7.5 MPa of 90 MPa (P _UPPER ).

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure in the storage volume B does not increase at any time while in the pressure decreasing portion path 206, and the pressure in the storage volume B is in the pressure increasing portion path 210. The interval does not decrease at any time. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the pressure decreasing portion and the pressure increasing portion may include one or more periods in which the pressure is constant.

The usage of the storage volume space increases as the difference between P _UPPER and P _{UPPER, MARGIN} decreases and as the difference between P _LOWER and P _{LOWER, MARGIN} decreases. Utilization is defined as the average amount of compressed gas dispensed per pressure cycle over the life of the system.

The method further includes
(A) dispensing from a first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to a first receiving container, wherein the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is initially (ie, this At the first pressure P _{1 (} at the start of dispensing in the process) and P _LOWER <P ₁ ≦ P _UPPER
(B) the pressure at first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space P _LOWER within 7.5 MPa (or P _LOWER 5 MPa within the) of the compressed gas storage volume space more if became Ending the distribution from the first one,
(C) Subsequent to the step (b), the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the first receiving container, and the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is Is initially at the second pressure P ₂ (ie, at the start of dispensing from the second compressed gas storage volume in this process) and P _LOWER <P ₂ ≦ P _UPPER ,
(D) ending dispensing from the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces if the first receiving container is filled to a desired level for the first receiving container;
Can be included.

In one or more embodiments of the method, the first plurality of compressed gas storage if pressure becomes within 5MPa of P _LOWER (or within 1MPa of P _LOWER) in the ones of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space Dispensing from the first of the volume spaces may be terminated.

Since the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume space is maintained between P _LOWER and P _UPPER , the _distribution in step (b) depends on the pressure difference between the first compressed gas storage volume space and the first receiving container. May be terminated and / or terminated regardless of the instantaneous flow rate of compressed gas from the first compressed gas storage volume to the first receiving vessel.

  During step (a), when the compressed gas is being dispensed from the first compressed gas storage volume space, the compressed gas is supplied from the compressed gas source to the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. It may be introduced at the same time. Compressed gas can be introduced into the first compressed gas storage volume space provided that the pressure in the first compressed gas storage volume space does not increase at any time during the pressure-decreasing portion of the pressure cycle.

  During the step (a), when the compressed gas is being dispensed from the first compressed gas storage volume space, the compressed gas may be simultaneously introduced from the compressor into the first receiving container. Compressed gas may be introduced into the first receiving vessel provided that the pressure in the first compressed gas storage volume does not increase at any time during the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle.

  The dispensing system of FIG. 1 may be modified by adding a conduit 43 that communicates the outlet of the compressor 7 with the dispensing conduit 29. The pipe line 43 includes a flow rate control valve 45 controlled by the programmable logic controller 39. This embodiment includes a gas receiving container in each gas dispensing cycle in a series of gas dispensing cycles that receives gas from a respective gas storage volume and a compressor during at least a portion of the gas dispensing cycle. 7 is characterized in that additional gas is supplied from 7 to the storage volume space and / or to the gas receiving container.

  During the step (c), when the compressed gas is being dispensed from the second compressed gas storage volume space, the compressed gas is simultaneously introduced from the compressed gas source into the second compressed gas storage volume space. Also good. The compressed gas is subject to the second compressed gas, provided that the pressure in the second compressed gas storage volume does not increase at any time during the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle for the second compressed gas storage volume. It can be introduced into the storage volume space.

  During the step (c), the compressed gas may be simultaneously introduced from the compressor into the first receiving container when the compressed gas is being dispensed from the second compressed gas storage volume space. Compressed gas is introduced into the receiving vessel, provided that the pressure in the second compressed gas storage volume does not increase at any time during the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle for the second compressed gas storage volume. May be.

  The compressed gas storage volume space dispenses simultaneously while introducing the compressed gas, thereby reducing the throughput of the compressed gas from the storage volume space without increasing the number of pressure cycles for the compressed gas storage volume space. The advantage of increasing is obtained.

Steps (a) to (d) will be described with reference to FIG. The storage volume space A is the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, the storage volume space B is the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, and the receiving container A is the first receiving space. Use a container. Consistent with step (a), the storage volume space A is initially 90 MPa, ie at the first pressure P ₁ , P _LOWER <P ₁ ≦ P _UPPER . In FIG. 2, for the storage volume space A distributed to the receiving container A, P ₁ = P _UPPER .

When the pressure in the storage volume space A reaches 63 MPa, that is, the pressure within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER in accordance with the step (b), the dispensing from the storage volume space A is stopped.

Consistent with step (c), after stopping the dispensing from the storage volume space A, the compressed gas is dispensed from the storage volume space B to the receiving container A, where the storage volume space B is initially at a pressure of 88 MPa, That is, the pressure is higher than P _LOWER and lower than or equal to P _UPPER .

  Consistent with step (d), if the receiving container A is filled to 70 MPa, which is the desired level for the receiving container A, the dispensing from the storage volume space B is stopped. The “desired level” can be based on any suitable criteria known in the art. For example, the desired level can be the desired pressure in the receiving vessel, or the desired level can be the desired density in the receiving vessel.

  In the step (c), the phrase “following the step (b)” means that the distribution from the other storage volume space is performed before the distribution from the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. It does not mean that it is not acceptable.

In FIG. 2, the distribution to the receiving container D illustrates a case where three storage volume spaces are distributed to one receiving container in accordance with the steps (a) to (d). The storage volume space A is the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, the storage volume space C is the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, and the receiving container D is the first receiving space. Use a container. Consistent with step (a), the storage volume space A is initially at 70 MPa (point 255), i.e. at a pressure above P _LOWER and below or equal to P _UPPER . When the pressure in the storage volume space A reaches 60 MPa (point 257), that is, the pressure within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER in accordance with the step (b), the dispensing from the storage volume space A is stopped. Consistent with step (c), after stopping the dispensing from the storage volume space A, the compressed gas is dispensed from the storage volume space C to the receiving container D, where the storage volume space C is initially 85.5 MPa. At pressure (point 271), ie above P _LOWER, below or equal to P _UPPER . Consistent with step (d), if the receiving container D is filled up to 70 MPa, which is the desired level for the receiving container D, the dispensing from the storage volume space C is stopped.

The method may include an additional step between step (b) and step (c). For example, the method further includes
Subsequent to step (b), dispensing from one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to the first receiving vessel, another one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is first Having a pressure within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER ;
Ending dispensing from the other compressed gas storage volume if the pressure in another of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes is within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER ,
May be included.

In one or more embodiments of the method, the partial supply from another of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space can first pressure is within 2MPa within or P _UPPER 5 MPa of P _UPPER.

In one or more embodiments of the method, the dispensing from another of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is within 5 MPa of the pressure at P _LOWER in another of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. Alternatively, it can be stopped when it is within 1 MPa of P _LOWER .

As for the case of dispensing to the receiving container D, FIG. 2 shows that the storage volume space B is divided into the receiving container D between the process of dispensing from the storage volume space A and the process of dispensing from the storage volume space C. It shows that Storage volume space B is another compressed gas storage volume space that dispenses into receiving vessel D, and storage volume space B initially has a pressure (point 261) of 90 MPa that is within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER . The dispensing from the storage volume space B is stopped when the pressure in the storage volume space B falls within 65 MPa (point 263), that is, within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER .

When the dispensing in step (d) is terminated, the second compressed gas storage volume space has a pressure P ₃ . The method further includes
(E) dispensing from a second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes to a second receiving vessel, the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes being initially (ie, this Being at pressure P _{3 (} at the start of dispensing in the process),
(F) If the pressure in the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER , the distribution from the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces Quitting the
(G) Subsequent to the step (f), the third one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the second receiving container, and the third of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is Is initially at the fourth pressure P ₄ (ie at the start of dispensing in this process) and P _LOWER <P ₄ ≦ P _UPPER
(H) terminating dispensing from the third of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces if the second receiving container is filled to a desired level for the second receiving container;
Can be included.

In one or more embodiments of the method, the second plurality of compressed gas storage volume space if pressure becomes within 1MPa within or P _LOWER 5 MPa of P _LOWER in ones of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space Dispensing from the second of these may be terminated.

  Steps (e) to (h) will be described with reference to FIG. The storage volume space B is the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, the storage volume space C is the third of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, and the receiving container B is the second receiving space. Use a container.

Consistent with step (e), the storage volume B is initially 80 MPa (point 235), i.e. the third pressure P ₃ , in the second compressed gas storage volume space at the time of dispensing stop in step (d). At the same pressure (point 233).

When the pressure of the storage volume space B reaches 60 MPa (point 237), that is, the pressure within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER in accordance with the step (f), the dispensing from the storage volume space B is stopped.

Consistent with step (g), after stopping the dispensing from the storage volume space B, the compressed gas is dispensed from the storage volume space C to the receiving vessel B, where the storage volume space C initially has a pressure of 89 MPa ( Point 241), that is, a pressure higher than P _LOWER and lower than P _UPPER (fourth pressure P ₄ ).

  Consistent with step (h), if the receiving container B is filled up to 70 MPa, which is the desired level for the receiving container B, the dispensing from the storage volume space C is stopped. The desired level for receiving container B may be the same as the desired level for receiving container A, or may be different from the desired level for receiving container A. Again, the “desired level” can be based on any suitable criteria known in the art.

  In the step (g), the phrase “following the step (b)” means that the distribution from the other storage volume space is performed before the distribution from the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. It does not mean that it is not acceptable.

The method may include steps specific to a system that uses two compressed gas storage volume spaces. When the dispensing in step (d) is terminated, the second compressed gas storage volume space has a pressure P ₃ . The method further includes
(E) dispensing from a second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes to a second receiving vessel, the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes being initially (ie, this Being at pressure P _{3 (} at the start of dispensing in the process),
(F) If the pressure in the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER , the distribution from the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces Quitting the
(G ′) Subsequent to the step (f), the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the second receiving container, and the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is provided. Is initially within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER (ie at the start of dispensing in this step),
(H ′) ending dispensing from the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces if the second receiving container is filled to a desired level for the second receiving container;
Can be included.

In one or more embodiments of the method, the second multiple compressed gas storage volume space if pressure becomes within 1MPa within or P _LOWER 5 MPa of P _LOWER in ones of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space Dispensing from the second of these may be terminated.

The method further includes adding compressed gas to the first compressed gas storage volume space after step (b) and before step (g), so that the pressure in the first compressed gas storage volume space is 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER . Can be increased to within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER . In one or more embodiments of the method, the pressure in the first compressed gas storage volume space may be increased from within 5 MPa of P _LOWER to within 5 MPa of P _UPPER . In one or more embodiments of the method, the pressure in the first compressed gas storage volume may be increased from within 1 MPa of P _LOWER to within 2 MPa of P _UPPER .

  Steps (a) to (f), (g ′) and (h ′) will be described with reference to FIG. The storage volume space A is the first of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, the storage volume space B is the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces, and the receiving container A is the first receiving space. Let the container be a receiving container B as a second receiving container.

Consistent with step (a), the the storage volume space A first 89 MPa (point 321), i.e. in a first pressure P _1, a _{P LOWER <P 1 ≦ P UPPER} .

When the pressure in the storage volume space A reaches 61 MPa (point 323), that is, the pressure within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER in accordance with the step (b), the dispensing from the storage volume space A is stopped.

Consistent with step (c), after stopping the dispensing from the storage volume space A, the compressed gas is dispensed from the storage volume space B to the receiving container A, where the storage volume space B initially has a pressure of 89 MPa ( Point 331), ie, at a pressure higher than P _LOWER and lower than or equal to P _UPPER .

  Consistent with step (d), if the receiving container A is filled to 70 MPa, which is the desired level for the receiving container A, the dispensing from the storage volume space B is stopped. The “desired level” can be based on any suitable criteria known in the art.

  In the step (c), the phrase “following the step (b)” means that the distribution from the other storage volume space is performed before the distribution from the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. It does not mean that it is not acceptable.

Consistent with step (e), the storage volume B is initially 80 MPa (point 335), i.e. the third pressure P ₃ , in the second compressed gas storage volume space at the time of dispensing stop in step (d). At the same pressure (point 333).

When the pressure of the storage volume space B reaches 61 MPa (point 337), that is, the pressure within 7.5 MPa of P _LOWER in accordance with the step (f), the supply from the storage volume space B is stopped.

Consistent with step (g ′), after stopping the dispensing from the storage volume space B, the compressed gas is dispensed from the storage volume space A to the receiving vessel B, where the storage volume space A is initially at a pressure of 89 MPa. (Point 351), that is, a pressure within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER .

  Consistent with step (h ′), once the receiving container B is filled to 70 MPa, which is the desired level for the receiving container B, the dispensing from the storage volume space A is stopped. The desired level for receiving container B may be the same as the desired level for receiving container A, or may be different from the desired level for receiving container A. Again, the “desired level” can be based on any suitable criteria known in the art.

  In step (g ′), the phrase “following step (f)” means that another storage prior to dispensing from the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to the second receiving vessel. It does not mean that the distribution from the volume space is not allowed.

  The method described above is not intended to be limited by the particular parameters used in the description, and many different processes are possible. For example, the time interval between steps in a dispensing cycle can vary, and the elapsed time between a series of dispensing cycles can vary randomly. Different pressure parameters may also be different. For example, the initial pressure of the gas receiving container may vary depending on the amount of gas used after filling the receiving container in advance. Upper and lower gas storage pressures, intermediate dispense pressures, and upper dispense pressures may differ from the above examples to meet various specific process requirements. Although the method illustrated in FIG. 2 utilizes three gas storage volume spaces, only two storage volume spaces can be used as illustrated in FIG. 3, and four or more storage volume spaces can be used. Can be used. Various filling rates may be used and the relative size of the volume space may be different.

  FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary process logic diagram for the dispensing step of the method that can create a suitable computer program or PLC program.

After connecting the receiving container with the joint 35, the dispensing part of the system is started. The program _looks for and selects a storage volume that has previously been maximally filled and has a pressure higher than P _LOWER and also higher than the pressure of the connected receiving vessel. For illustration purposes, referring to FIG. 1, the selected storage volume space A has previously been _fully filled and has a pressure higher than P _LOWER and also higher than the pressure of the connected receiving vessel. It becomes.

  The program continues to check whether the system is paying off. If not (NO), nothing is changed. If so (YES), the valve for the selected storage volume is opened (eg, valve 17 is opened).

The program then checks whether the pressure in the receiving vessel is less than the pressure in the storage volume space that is dispensing the compressed gas. If not, close the valve for the storage volume that is open and in communication with the receiving container (eg, valve 17 is closed). If so, the program checks whether the pressure in the reservoir is equal to that or greater than P _LOWER. If not, close the valve for the storage volume that is open and in communication with the receiving container (eg, valve 17 is closed). If so, the program checks whether the receiving container is filled to the desired level. If the receiving container is filled to the desired level, the valve for the storage volume space is closed (eg, valve 17 is closed) and the dispensing portion of the cycle is complete.

If the receiving vessel has not been filled to the desired level, the program can then use another storage volume that has been previously filled to maximum and has a pressure higher than P _LOWER and also higher than the pressure of the connected receiving vessel. Return to search and select a space. This process continues as shown in the process logic diagram.

  Simultaneously with any dispense, or between dispenses to the receiving container, the program performs a refill of the storage volume space.

  FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary process logic diagram for the filling step of the present method that can create a suitable computer program or PLC program.

After starting the system, the program checks whether the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume is less than P _{LOWER, MARGIN} . If not, the program checks whether the system is dispensing compressed gas from the compressed gas storage volume. If not, the system waits until the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume is less than P _{LOWER, MARGIN} .

If the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume is less than P _{LOWER, MARGIN} , the system checks whether the compressor is being used to fill another compressed gas storage volume. If the compressor is being used to fill another compressed gas storage volume, the compressed gas storage volume waits until the compressor has completed filling another compressed gas storage volume. If the compressor is not used to fill another compressed gas storage volume, the program goes through the compressor (7 in FIG. 1) from the compressed gas source (27 in FIG. 1) to the compressed gas storage volume. Start the transfer of all compressed gas.

The program then checks whether the compressed gas storage volume has been filled to the desired level (eg P _{UPPER, MARGIN} ). If the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume is less than P _{UPPER, MARGIN} , the compressed gas storage volume continues to receive compressed gas. If the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume is higher than or equal to P _{UPPER, MARGIN} , the filling of the compressed gas storage volume is stopped. The program returns to the beginning and looks for another compressed gas storage volume space to fill.

  When the system is dispensing compressed gas from the compressed gas storage volume, the program checks whether the flow rate from the compressed gas storage volume is greater than the compressor discharge. If not, nothing happens. If so, compressed gas is introduced into the compressed gas storage volume space. This process ensures that the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume does not increase at any point during the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle.

  The program checks whether the system is dispensing from the compressed gas storage volume and that the pressure in the compressed gas storage volume is decreasing. If so, continue filling the compressed gas storage volume space with the compressor. If not, the compressor stops filling the compressed gas storage volume and the program returns to the beginning and looks for another compressed gas storage volume to fill.

  The process logic diagrams of FIGS. 4 and 5 are representative. Various changes and modifications can be made while remaining within the scope of the method as defined in the claims.

For example, when the system is not dispensing gas from a compressed gas storage volume, when the system has not been operating for a selected period of time, and an amount sufficient to fill the system with the selected number of receiving vessels When there is no more compressed gas, and at night, the program may fill the compressed gas storage volume space even if the pressure is not less than P _{LOWER, MARGIN} . The system may also include various components that are not addressed here.

The method may include providing one or more secondary control instructions. A secondary control command may be provided to introduce compressed gas into each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes until the pressure in each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volumes is within 7.5 MPa of P _UPPER. Here, secondary control commands can be provided independently of the pressure of each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces prior to this step for providing control commands for introducing compressed gas.

  The secondary control instructions may be executed on different criteria as to which compressed gas storage volume fills in light of increasing power plant capacity instead of minimizing the number of cycles. For example, at 2:00 am, the power plant uses secondary control instructions to completely refill all of them so that the compressed gas storage volume is fully started when the power plant starts up in the morning can do. This adds one cycle number per day, which would be an acceptable compromise for better power plant operation.

Another power plant where secondary control instructions can be executed is when, for example, there is not enough compressed gas remaining in any of the compressed gas storage volume spaces to complete the filling of another receiving vessel as such, the compressed gas storage volume space even if it includes a case also filled as not within 7.5MPa of P _LOWER. For example, if the system has two high pressure sources, one is 65MPa, just above the refill point, and the second is 72MPa, both are refilled by the main control command. Absent. However, when the user arrives, they are not able to receive a full charge, and perhaps the maximum pressure is only 70 MPa, and the user will be dissatisfied as a result. Secondary control instructions can be implemented to invalidate part of the cycle “early” and refill the compressed gas storage volume while avoiding user frustration.

Example 1 Comparative Example
The dispensing system shown in FIG. 1 is operated in a normal rotating cascade dispensing process in which the gas is transferred from each of the gas storage volume spaces A, B, and C to the compressed gas receiving container R at a pressure that increases sequentially. Here, each gas storage volume space operates within a predetermined pressure range for each filling step. The gas storage volume A distributes gas to the compressed gas receiving vessel R from the initial pressure to the first intermediate pressure, and the storage volume space B supplies gas to the receiving vessel from the first intermediate pressure to the second intermediate pressure. Dispensing until reaching the intermediate pressure, the storage volume C distributes gas to the receiving vessel from the second intermediate pressure to the final filling pressure. After completing the dispensing, the compressed gas receiving container R is disconnected from the dispensing system at the joint 35. The compressed gas receiving container R can be a compressed gas storage tank of a vehicle.

  Subsequently, the storage volume space is refilled from the gas source 27 by the compressor 7 until the upper gas storage pressure is reached. In the subsequent dispensing step, another compressed gas receiving container R is connected by the joint 35, and the gas is dispensed in the same manner as described above. The gas dispensing system repeats this in the usual manner of supplying compressed gas to a series of additional compressed gas receiving vessels. In this typical dispensing method, the gas storage volume space A always dispenses gas in a lower pressure range, and the gas storage volume space B always dispenses gas in an intermediate pressure range, Space C always dispenses gas in a higher pressure range. Thus, during a series of dispensing cycles, the gas storage volume space is always dispensed with the wheel sequence ABC, ABC, etc.

  While dispensing to each receiving vessel, each compressed gas storage volume receives another count for the number of accumulated pressure cycles.

Example 2 Comparative Example
An example illustrating a non-cascade dispensing process is shown in Table 1, where the gas storage volume spaces A, B, C are initially filled to 41.5 MPa (6000 psig) and the gases are dispensed in parallel. The compressed gas receiving container R is filled from an initial pressure of 7.0 MPa (1000 psig). The representative volume of each gas storage volume space is 2 m ³ , the representative volume of the compressed gas receiving container R is 5 m ³ , and therefore the volume of the gas receiving container R is 2.5 times the volume of each gas storage volume space. is there. In this process, the gas receiving container R simultaneously opens the valves 17, 19, 21, 31 and fills the gas receiving container R to a final pressure of 25.8 MPa (3727 psig) after pressure equalization between the storage volume space and the receiving container. Filled in a single step.

Example 3 Comparative Example
An example illustrating a rotary cascade dispensing process is shown in Table 2, where the gas storage volume spaces A, B, C are initially filled to 41.5 MPa (6000 psig), and the gas is dispensed into a compressed gas Fill receiving vessel R from an initial pressure of 7.0 MPa (1000 psig). The representative volume of each gas storage volume space is 2 m ³ , and the representative volume of the compressed gas receiving container R is 5 m ³ so that the volume of the gas receiving container R is 2.5 times the volume of each gas storage volume space. It is. In this process, the gas receiving container R is filled in a series of steps that sequentially open and close each of the valves 17, 19, and 21 while leaving the valve 31 open. In the first step, the valve 17 is opened and gas flows from the storage volume space A to the gas receiving container R until the storage volume space and the receiving container are equalized at a first intermediate pressure of 16.8 (2430 psig). Flow and close valve 17. In the second step, the valve 19 is opened, gas flows from the storage volume B to the gas receiving vessel R until the pressure is equalized at a second intermediate pressure of 23.9 MPa (3450 psig), and the valve 19 is closed. In the third step, the valve 21 is opened, gas flows from the storage volume C to the gas receiving vessel R until the pressure is equalized at a final filling pressure of 28.9 MPa (4180 psig), and the valve 21 is closed.

  A comparison of the non-cascade process in Table 1 and the rotary cascade process in Table 2 reveals the advantages of the cascade dispensing process, with the predetermined volume of the receiving container and storage volume space and the storage volume space and receiving container Under a given initial pressure, a higher final filling pressure of the gas receiving vessel R can be obtained with a cascade process. This advantage is well known in the technical field of dispensing compressed gas.

Example 4 Comparative Example
A typical pressure-elapsed time profile for a wheeled cascade dispensing process known in the art is shown in FIG. In this process, the gas storage volume spaces A, B, C are initially filled to a pressure of 40 MPa, and the compressed gas receiving vessel R is initially at a pressure of 5 MPa. In this example, the gas storage volume spaces A, B, and C and the compressed gas receiving container R all have the same volume. The first filling process begins by opening valve 31 (FIG. 1) and opening valve 17 at an elapsed time of 1 minute. The pressure in the gas storage volume A decreases from the initial pressure at point 401 along path 403, while the pressure in the receiving vessel R increases from the initial pressure at point 405, and the pressure increases to point 409 at an elapsed time of 5 minutes. The first intermediate pressure becomes equal at 22.5 MPa. While valve 17 is closed, valve 31 remains open.

  Next, the valve 19 is opened to start the second filling process. The pressure in the gas storage volume B decreases from the initial pressure at point 411 along path 413, while the pressure in the receiving vessel R increases along path 415, and the pressure increases at point 417 at 7 minutes elapsed time. It becomes equal at the second intermediate pressure of 31.25 MPa. While valve 17 is closed, valve 31 remains open.

  Next, the valve 21 is opened to start the final filling process. The pressure in gas storage volume C decreases along path 421 from the initial pressure at point 419, while the pressure in receiving vessel R increases along path 423, and the pressure reaches point 425 at 8 minutes elapsed time. It becomes equal at the final filling pressure of 35.625 MPa. The valve 21 is closed and the valve 31 is closed to finish the final filling process. The receiving container R can be separated at the joint 35 when an arbitrary time has elapsed after completion of the final filling step.

  Starting from 9 minutes, the gas storage volume C is opened and the compressor 7 is started to refill the gas storage volume C from the point 427 along the path 429, thereby refilling the storage volume C from the gas source 27. This refilling process ends at point 431 by closing valve 11 at 10 minutes and at a pressure of 40 MPa. Starting with 10 minutes, the gas storage volume B starts the valve 13 while continuing to operate the compressor 7 and refills along the path 435 from the point 433, whereby the storage volume B is removed from the gas source 27. Refill. This refilling process ends at point 437 by closing valve 13 at 12 minutes and at a pressure of 40 MPa. Starting from 12 minutes, the gas storage volume A opens the valve 15 while continuing the operation of the compressor 7 and refills along the path 441 from the point 439, whereby the storage volume A is removed from the gas source 27. Refill. This refilling process ends at point 443 by closing valve 15 at 16 minutes and at a pressure of 40 MPa. After refilling, the system is ready to dispense gas to another gas receiving vessel connected by a fitting 35.

  In the example described above with reference to FIG. 6, the pressure profile plotted against elapsed time is shown as a straight line, but this is a simplification for purposes of illustration. In actual operation, these profiles may not be linear, and these profiles may have one or more interruptions during the dispensing cycle for hose inspection required by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Alternatively, it may be discontinuous.

  In the gas dispensing cycle of this example, the pressure at the end of each dispensing step makes each gas storage volume space and the gas receiving container substantially equal before switching dispensing to another gas storage volume space. Other criteria for switching from one gas storage volume to another are possible. For example, the switching can be started when the differential pressure between the gas storage volume space and the gas receiving container reaches a predetermined value. In another example, the switching can be initiated when the gas flow rate between the gas storage volume and the gas receiving container reaches a predetermined value.

  In the typical wheeled cascade gas dispensing system described above with reference to FIG. 6, the gas storage volume space A is always higher storage pressure (eg 40 MPa) and lower dispensing pressure (eg 22.5 MPa). The gas storage volume B always dispenses gas in a pressure range between the higher storage pressure and an intermediate distribution pressure (eg 31.25 MPa), and Gas from the gas storage volume C is always dispensed in a pressure range between the higher storage pressure and the final dispensing pressure (eg 35.625 MPa). Thus, the pressure in each of the three storage volume space cycles is between each dispense pressure and the higher storage pressure during all dispense cycles, and all gas dispense cycles are 3 Each gas storage container requires a pressure increase and a pressure reduction. While dispensing to each receiving vessel, each compressed gas storage volume receives another count for the number of accumulated pressure cycles.

[Example 5]
The method can be described as a cyclic wheel cascade dispensing sequence with respect to refilling, which will be described below in FIG. 1, four gas dispensing cycles for three gas storage volumes and four gas receiving vessels. An example will be illustrated with reference to FIG. In this example, the gas storage volume spaces A, B, C and the compressed gas receiving container R all have the same volume.

  The series of gas dispensing cycles of FIG. 7 begins with each gas storage volume space containing a compressed gas with an upper gas storage pressure, which in this description is 80 MPa. Each gas receiving vessel is at an initial pressure, which is 10 MPa in the description here, and is filled to a higher dispensing pressure, which is 35 MPa in the description here, during the dispensing cycle. Initially, all valves are closed.

  The first gas receiving container R is connected to the dispensing system at the joint 35 and the valve 31 is opened. The first of the series of dispensing cycles in FIG. 7 starts with an elapsed time of 1 minute, at which time the pressure in the storage volume space A is at 80 MPa at point 501a and the pressure in the first gas receiving vessel is 501 of 10 MPa. The valve 17 is opened and the gas flows from the storage volume space A while the pressure decreases along the path 503a and stops at a pressure of 60 MPa at the point 505a at 5 minutes. In the description here, the lower gas storage pressure is 60 MPa, and this can be regarded as the first intermediate gas storage pressure. During this period, the gas flows through the manifold 23 and line 29 to the first gas receiving vessel R, while its pressure increases along the path 503, 5 minutes of the 30 MPa pressure. It stops at the point 505. The valve 17 is closed.

  Next, the valve 19 is opened and the gas flow from the storage volume B begins at 80 MPa at 5 minutes of the point 507b, and as the gas flows from the storage volume B, the pressure decreases along the path 509b. , Stop at point 511b at 6 minutes of the second intermediate pressure of 75 MPa. During this period, the gas flows through the manifold 23 and the conduit 29 to the first gas receiving vessel R, while its pressure increases along the path 509 to 6 minutes of the 35 MPa pressure. However, it stops at point 511. The valve 19 is closed. The first gas receiving container R is now full and can be disconnected at the joint 35. The storage volume A is refilled from point 507a at 6 minutes by opening the valve 11 and starting the compressor 7 to compress and transfer the gas from the gas source 27. As refilling proceeds, the pressure in storage volume space A increases along path 509a and stops at an upper gas storage pressure of 80 MPa at point 511a at 9 minutes. The valve 11 is closed and the compressor is stopped.

  First, the second gas receiving container R at a pressure of 10 MPa is connected to the dispensing system by the joint 35. Next, the valve 19 is opened and the gas flow from the storage volume B begins at 75 MPa at 10 minutes of point 513b, and as the gas flows from the storage volume B, the pressure drops along the path 515b. , Stop at point 517b at 6 minutes of the lower gas storage pressure of 60 MPa. During this period, gas flows through the manifold 23 and line 29 to the second gas receiving vessel R, while its pressure increases from point 513 along the path 515 to a second pressure of 25 MPa. Stop at point 517 at 13 minutes of the intermediate gas storage pressure. The valve 19 is closed.

  Next, the valve 21 is opened and the gas flow from the gas storage volume C begins at 80 MPa at 13 minutes of point 517c, and as the gas flows from the storage volume C, its pressure decreases along path 519c. And stops at point 521c at 15 minutes of the second intermediate pressure of 70 MPa. During this period, gas flows through the manifold 23 and line 29 to the second gas receiving vessel R, while its pressure increases along the path 319 at 15 minutes of 35 MPa pressure. Stop at point 521. The valve 21 is closed. The second gas receiving container R is now full and can be disconnected at the joint 35. Reservoir B is refilled from point 519b at 15 minutes by opening valve 13 and starting compressor 7 to compress and transfer gas from gas source 27. As refilling proceeds, the pressure in storage volume B increases along path 521b and stops at a higher storage pressure of 80 MPa at point 523b at 18 minutes. The valve 11 is closed and the compressor 7 is stopped.

  First, the third gas receiving container R at a pressure of 10 MPa is connected to the dispensing system by the joint 35. With the valve 21 open, the flow of gas from the storage volume space C begins at 70 MPa at 18 minutes at point 523c, and as the gas flows from the storage volume space C, its pressure decreases along the path 525c and reaches 60 MPa. Stop at point 527c at 21 minutes of lower gas storage pressure. During this period, the gas flows through the manifold 23 and the conduit 29 to the third gas receiving container R, while its pressure increases from the point 523 along the path 525 to a third pressure of 20 MPa. Stop at point 527 at 21 minutes of the intermediate gas storage pressure. The valve 21 is closed.

  Next, the valve 17 is opened, and the gas flow from the gas storage volume A begins at 80 MPa at 21 minutes of the point 527a, and as the gas flows from the storage volume A, its pressure decreases along the path 529c. And stops at point 531a at 24 minutes of the second intermediate pressure of 65 MPa. During this period, the gas flows through the manifold 23 and line 29 to the third gas receiving vessel R, while its pressure increases along the path 529 at 24 minutes of 35 MPa pressure. Stop at the point 531. The valve 17 is closed. The third gas receiving container R is now full and can be disconnected at the joint 35. Reservoir C is refilled from point 529c at 24 minutes by opening valve 15 and starting compressor 7 to compress and transfer gas from gas source 27. As refilling proceeds, the pressure in storage volume C increases along path 531c and stops at a higher storage pressure of 80 MPa at point 533c at 27 minutes. The valve 15 is closed and the compressor 7 is stopped.

  First, the fourth gas receiving container R at a pressure of 10 MPa is connected to the dispensing system by the joint 35. With the valve 17 open, the flow of gas from the storage volume space A begins at 65 MPa at 28 minutes of point 535a, and as the gas flows from the storage volume space A, its pressure decreases along the path 537a and reaches 60 MPa. Stop at point 539a at 29 minutes of lower gas storage pressure. During this period, the gas flows through the manifold 23 and the conduit 29 to the fourth gas receiving container R, while its pressure increases from the point 535 along the path 537 to a fourth pressure of 15 MPa. Stop at point 539 at 29 minutes of the intermediate gas storage pressure. The valve 17 is closed.

  Next, the valve 19 is opened, and the gas flow from the gas storage volume B begins at 80 MPa at 29 minutes of point 527a, and as the gas flows from the storage volume B, its pressure decreases along the path 541b. However, in the description here, it stops at the point 543b at 33 minutes of the lower gas storage pressure of 60 MPa, and this pressure can be regarded as a fourth intermediate gas storage pressure of 60 MPa. During this period, the gas flows through the manifold 23 and the conduit 29 to the fourth gas receiving container R, while its pressure increases along the path 341, at 33 minutes of 35 MPa pressure. Stop at the point 531. The valve 19 is closed. The fourth gas receiving container R is now full and can be disconnected at the joint 35. The storage volume A is refilled at point 543b at 33 minutes by opening the valve 11 and starting the compressor 7 to compress and transfer the gas from the gas source 27. As refilling proceeds, the pressure in storage volume space A increases along path 543a and stops at an upper gas storage pressure of 80 MPa at point 545a at 36 minutes.

  While the valve 11 is closed and the valve 13 is opened, the compressor 7 continues to operate. Refilling of storage volume B begins at point 545b at 36 minutes, and compressor 7 compresses and transports gas from gas source 27. As refilling proceeds, the pressure in storage volume B increases along path 547b and stops at an upper gas storage pressure of 80 MPa at point 549b at 39 minutes. At this point, the dispensing system is ready for another series of dispensing cycles as described above.

  The example described above uses three gas storage volumes to fill a series of gas receiving vessels with a series of dispensing cycles in which each receiving vessel is filled with gas from two different respective gas storage volumes. It illustrates what to do. In each dispensing cycle, filling is switched from one gas storage volume to another gas storage volume at a pressure intermediate between the initial pressure and the final pressure of the gas receiving vessel.

  Example 5 illustrates the advantage of this method where five pressure cycles are required to fill four receiving vessels. This is a significant improvement over the prior art method described above with reference to FIG. 4 where three pressure cycles are required each time a receiving vessel is filled. Compared to the method described in FIG. 4, in Example 5 using this method, the pressure cycle involving the compressed gas storage volume space is reduced by approximately 3 times.

  In a series of cyclic wheel-type cascade dispensing cycles relating to the above-described refilling, the gas storage volume space is divided using a periodic wheel-type cascade sequence AB, BC, CA, AB, BC or the like. This is different from the prior art wheeled cascade described above in which the wheel sequence is ABC, ABC, ABC or the like.

  In the example described above with reference to FIG. 7, the pressure profile plotted against elapsed time is shown as being a straight line, which is simplified for illustrative purposes. In actual operation, these profiles may not be linear, and these profiles may have one or more interruptions during the dispensing cycle for hose inspection required by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). As such, it may be discontinuous.

[Example 6]
As noted above, the maximum number of operating cycles in a gas dispensing system container is limited for certain types of container designs and fabrication materials to eliminate the possibility of container failure. For example, the number of pressurization-depressurization cycles in containers made of composite materials may be limited by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) pressure vessel regulations, which states or operating states that permit operation of these vessels. May be applied by local regulatory agencies. The method and its various embodiments are effective in reducing the number of boost-depressurization cycles in a series of dispensing steps as described in the prior art.

  In the following, an example of a pressure vessel having the maximum number of allowable pressure-reduction cycles will be described. This vessel is installed as part of a hydrogen dispensing system and can be operated in a dispensing cycle according to the method described above.

A composite pressure vessel is provided for storage of hydrogen, which is a cylindrical, seamless horizontal vessel having a length of 0.337 m (14.5 feet) and a diameter of 44.5 cm (17. 5 inches) and a volume of 0.343 m ³ (12.11 cubic feet). This container is ASME section VII Div. 3, 2007 edition, 2009 Addenda, and if applicable, manufactured according to ASME Section X. The container is made of 4147 steel according to SA 372 grade J class 70 and includes a span head and a carbon fiber plastic laminate exterior. One head has a neck and a flange for filling gas, and both heads are not sheathed. The design pressure is 103.5 MPa (15,000 psig) and the container is placed on the outdoor ground in the design ambient temperature range of -40 ° C to 66 ° C (-40 ° F to 150 ° F).

The certified operating conditions according to the ASME rules listed above are as follows.
(A) Maximum allowable working pressure: 103.5 MPa (15,000 psig)
(B) Standard operating temperature: 21 ° C (70 ° F)
(C) Cycle operation data:
(1) Maximum life cycle of 37,540 between 61.45 MPa (8,900 psig) and 93.15 MPa (13,500 psig) (2) Maximum life of 20 years (3) -1 ° C (30 ° F) Less than 5% of maximum service life cycle
(4) 5% of maximum service charge cycle when operating above 43 ° C (110 ° F)
(5) 90% of maximum durable filling cycle when operating at ambient temperature
(6) One temperature cycle per day at 50 ° C. (90 ° F.) Δ within the range of −40 ° C. to 66 ° C. (−40 ° F. to 150 ° F.) over a 20-year lifetime (7) 93.2 MPa Maximum number of cycles from (13,500 psig) to 0.101 MPa (0 psig)

  The pressurization cycle used above is defined as pressurizing the vessel from a lower pressure to a higher pressure in one step or in a series of steps without an intermediate depressurization step. The number of pressure reducing steps between the pressure increasing steps is not limited.

  In order to maximize the number of gas distribution cycles within this allowable maximum boost cycle number range, the method described above in conjunction with the various embodiments is utilized for a predetermined number of dispensing cycles. The number of cycles can be minimized.

  When using the periodic rotating cascade dispensing sequence for refill described above with reference to FIG. 7 for hydrogen dispensing, 5 boosting steps are required for every 4 gas dispensing cycles It can be seen that In FIG. 7, the five pressure increasing steps of the gas storage volume space are clearly indicated by pressure profile paths 509a, 521b, 531c, 543a, and 547b, and the four dispensing cycles at the receiving vessel are pressure profile paths 503 + 509, 515 + 519, 525 + 529, and 537 + 541.

  When the prior art periodic cascade cycle described above with reference to FIG. 6 is utilized for hydrogen dispensing, it can be seen that three boosting steps are required for each gas dispensing cycle. In FIG. 6, the three pressure boosting steps of the gas storage volume space are specified by pressure profile paths 429, 435 and 441, and the dispensing cycle at the receiving vessel is specified by pressure profile paths 407 + 415 + 423.

  This example shows that the cyclic wheeled cascade dispensing cycle according to the present method is significantly superior to the prior art cascade dispensing cycle for use in a gas dispensing system having a pressure vessel with a maximum number of allowable boosting cycles. This is an example of the improvement.

  The gas dispensing cycle according to embodiments of the present invention can also be used in operation of a gas dispensing system where the number of vessel pressurization cycles is not limited, if desired.

  The dispensing system of FIG. 1 may be used to record the number of pressurization cycles when the gas storage volume spaces A, B, C include composite containers and the system is operated according to the present method. Programmable logic controller 39 can be programmed to recognize and record the number of specific types of cycles described above using ambient temperature information provided by temperature measuring element 41. The controller can also provide a regular output of the system status regarding the number of boost cycles performed in each temperature range and can issue a warning when these numbers approach the maximum allowed. The controller can also be programmed to prevent subsequent filling reservoir filling steps once the maximum number of cycles has been reached. The cycle information recorded by the programmable logic controller 39 can be transmitted to an operator away from the site by a known transmission method such as a telephone line, Internet connection, or wireless modem.

  In a cycled operation of a gas storage container over a long period of time, each container is subjected to multiple pressure-depressurization cycles, which results in the container wall and head being subjected to cyclic stress over a long period of time. . For certain types of container designs and fabrication materials, the maximum number of operating cycles may be limited to eliminate the possibility of container failure. For example, the number of pressurization-depressurization cycles in containers made of composite materials may be limited by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) pressure vessel regulations, which states or operating states that permit operation of these vessels. May be applied by local regulatory agencies.

  Given the potential limitations on the maximum allowable number of pressurization-depressurization cycles for a gas storage vessel, the number of pressurization-depressurization cycles per storage vessel is determined for each dispensing cycle to maximize the operating life of the vessel. It is desirable to design and operate the gas distribution system to minimize each time. In the above example according to the prior art for operating a gas dispensing system with three gas storage volumes, each of the three storage volumes has its respective dispensing pressure and upper storage pressure during all dispensing cycles. And all gas dispensing cycles require a pressure increase and a pressure reduction for each of the three gas storage vessels.

  The method described herein provides an improved dispensing cycle that reduces the number of boost-depressurization cycles for the gas storage vessel, thereby maximizing the operating life of the vessel with a limited number of operating cycles. I will provide a.

Claims (11)

A method for distributing compressed gas from a plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces more than two, and a pressure range from a lower gas storage pressure P _LOWER to an upper gas storage pressure P _{UPPER in} the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces A method of driving with
The pressure in each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is periodically changed by a pressure cycle in which the compressed gas is extracted from each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces and the compressed gas is introduced into each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. The pressure cycle for each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is independent of each other, and the pressure cycle for each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces includes a pressure reducing portion and this and a pressure increasing portion followed by a pressure reduction part, a pressure reduction part pressure is shifted to the range from the range from P _UPPER to P _UPPER -5MPa from P _LOWER to P _LOWER + 5 MPa, at a pressure increase portion Moved from the range from P _LOWER to P _LOWER +5 MPa to the range from P _UPPER to P _UPPER -5 MPa The pressure in each of the compressed gas storage volume spaces does not increase at any time during the pressure decreasing portion of the pressure cycle, and the pressure in each of the compressed gas storage volume spaces does not increase in the pressure increasing portion of the pressure cycle. The interval does not decrease at any time ,
The following (a) to (d), that is,
(A) Dispensing from a first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to a first receiving container, wherein the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is first There the pressure P _1, it is _{P LOWER <P 1 ≦ P UPPER} ,
(B) the pressure at first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space from P _LOWER P _LOWER + 5MPa to the first Once within the range of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space Ending the pay from things,
(C) Subsequent to the step (b), the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the first receiving container, and the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces are The second is initially at the second pressure P ₂ , P _LOWER <P ₂ ≦ P _UPPER ,
(D) ending dispensing from the second of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces if the first receiving container is filled to a desired level for the first receiving container;
Further including
A compressed gas dispensing method, wherein the dispensing in the step (b) is terminated regardless of the pressure difference between the first compressed gas storage volume space and the first receiving container . Minute feed in step (b), the first of causing the compressed gas storage volume space is terminated irrespective of the flow rate of compressed gas into the first receiving vessel The method of claim 1, wherein. Subsequent to the step (b), the other one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the first receiving container, and the other one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. Initially has a pressure in the range from P _UPPER to P _UPPER −5 MPa, and
If the pressure in the other compressed gas storage volume space falls within the range from P _LOWER to P _LOWER +5 MPa, terminating the dispensing from the other one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces;
The method of claim 1, further comprising wherein the. The more of the second of the compressed gas storage volume space has a pressure P ₃ at partial supply termination at step (d), the method further the following (e) ~ (h), i.e.,
(E) Dispensing from the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to a second receiving container, wherein the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is initially Being at the pressure P ₃ above,
(F) said one of said plurality of said second of said plurality of compressed gas storage volume space if the pressure is within the range from P _LOWER to P _LOWER + 5 MPa in the ones of the compressed gas storage volume space first Ending the distribution from the two,
(G) Subsequent to step (f), the third one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the second receiving container, and the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces are The third one is initially at the fourth pressure P ₄ and P _LOWER <P ₄ ≦ P _UPPER
(H) When the second receiving container is filled to a desired level for the second receiving container, the dispensing from the third one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is terminated. ,
Including method of claim 1, wherein. The more of the second of the compressed gas storage volume space has a pressure P ₃ at partial supply termination at step (d), the method further comprises
(E) Dispensing from the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces to a second receiving container, wherein the second one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is initially Being at the pressure P ₃ above,
(F) said one of said plurality of said second of said plurality of compressed gas storage volume space if the pressure is within the range from P _LOWER to P _LOWER + 5 MPa in the ones of the compressed gas storage volume space first Ending the distribution from the two,
(G ′) Subsequent to the step (f), the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is distributed to the second receiving container, and the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces of the of the first things that is in the range from P _UPPER initially until P _UPPER -5MPa,
(H ′) When the second receiving container is filled to a desired level for the second receiving container, the dispensing from the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces is terminated. about,
Including method of claim 1, wherein. In addition to the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces after the step (b) and before the step (g ′), the additional compressed gas is added to the first one of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces. 6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pressure in the first is increased from within the range from P _LOWER to P _LOWER +5 MPa to within the range from P _UPPER to P _UPPER -5 MPa. During step (a), the compressed gas is introduced from the compressed gas source to a first one of said plurality of compressed gas storage volume space, the process of claim 1. During steps (c), the compressed gas is introduced from the compressed gas source to the second ones of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space, the process of claim 1. During step (a), the compressed gas is introduced from the compressor into the first receiving vessel The method of claim 1, wherein. During steps (c), the compressed gas is introduced from the compressor into the first receiving vessel The method of claim 1, wherein. A secondary control instructions for introducing compressed gas into each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space, within the pressure in each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume space from P _UPPER to P _UPPER -5MPa The secondary control command is applied independently of the pressure in each of the plurality of compressed gas storage volume spaces prior to this step of providing the control command to introduce compressed gas;
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

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