US20070079891A1 - Cascade bank selection based on ambient temperature - Google Patents
Cascade bank selection based on ambient temperature Download PDFInfo
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- US20070079891A1 US20070079891A1 US11/247,566 US24756605A US2007079891A1 US 20070079891 A1 US20070079891 A1 US 20070079891A1 US 24756605 A US24756605 A US 24756605A US 2007079891 A1 US2007079891 A1 US 2007079891A1
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- receiving vessel
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- compressed gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
- F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
- F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Abstract
A system for controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel includes a plurality of high-pressure storage vessels with compressed gas therein, a conduit for receiving the compressed gas from one or more of the storage vessels and being adapted to communicate with a receiving vessel to transfer the compressed gas thereto. A plurality of flow-control devices control the flow of compressed gas from one or more of the storage vessels to the receiving vessel and a controller regulates the flow-control devices in response to the ambient temperature measured by a temperature-measuring device of the system to thereby control the temperature of the compressed gas being transferred to the receiving vessel. The method in which the system of this invention operates also constitutes a part of the present invention.
Description
- This invention relates to a system and method for transferring compressed gas from high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel and more particularly to a system and method of controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel.
- Cascade filling processes that employ multiple high-pressure storage vessels to charge a lower pressure-receiving vessel are known in the prior art, as exemplified in Borck U.S. Pat. No. 6,779,568. The '568 patent discloses that, for a constant filling time, the peak temperature of the gas in the receiving tank will be lower when a lower pressure storage vessel is used first during the cascade filling process. Thus, the '568 patent teaches controlling the order in which the storage vessels are utilized based on the difference in pressure within those storage banks.
- The prior art also teaches that the temperature rise in a receiving tank can be limited by adjusting the filling rate from the high-pressure storage vessels, especially at the start of the filling process when the rate of temperature increases the greatest, as exemplified in Hwang, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,748 and Togasawa, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,624.
- A further prior art approach for limiting or controlling the temperature rise in a receiving tank is to utilize additional hardware, such as a heat exchanger to cool the flowing gas stream from the high-pressure storage vessels, upstream of the receiving tank. The use of such additional hardware is disclosed in Sugano, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,360,793 and Cohen, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,619,336.
- Although the above prior art disclosures focus on the impact that the filling process has on the receiving tank; none of those disclosures takes into account, or even recognizes the need to take into account, the impact of ambient temperature on the compressed gas within and leaving the compressed gas storage system during the process of filling a receiving tank. For example, at low ambient temperatures (e.g.,0° F.) the impact of isentropic expansion cooling due to the reduction in pressure within the storage system can be significant, as temperature within the gas storage and delivery system can approach the minimum safe operating limit (typically −40° F.).
- Based on the limitations of the prior art approaches for storing and transferring compressed gas from high-pressure storage vessels to a lower pressure-receiving vessel a need is believed to exist for an improved system for controlling (e.g., increasing or decreasing) the amount of cooling of the compressed gas to be transferred to a receiving vessel based on ambient temperature conditions. It is to such a system and method that the present invention relates.
- In accordance with the system and process of this invention, the operation of a compressed gas storage and delivery system is adjusted based on changes in ambient temperature conditions in order to minimize the impact of isentropic expansion cooling on the storage and delivery system. In particular, this invention has its greatest applicability in a system where compressed gas is being transferred from a series of high-pressure vessels into one or more low-pressure vessels and there is a desire to cool or warm the gas being transferred. More specifically, the invention has its most preferred applicability in the fueling of compressed gas vehicles, such as hydrogen or natural gas vehicles, where it is desirable to supply the vehicles with gas within a certain range of ambient temperature, such as above −20° F. and below 60° F.
- A system for controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel in accordance with this invention includes a plurality of high-pressure storage vessels with compressed gas therein and a conduit for receiving the compressed gas from one or more of the plurality of high -pressure storage vessels and being adapted to communicate with a receiving vessel for transferring the compressed gas from said one or more of the plurality of high-pressure storage vessels to said receiving vessel. A plurality of flow-control devices is included in the system for controlling the flow of compressed gas from one or more of the storage vessels to the receiving vessel. A temperature-measuring device is employed for measuring the ambient temperature and a controller regulates the flow-control devices based on the measured ambient temperature to thereby control the storage vessel volume communicating with the receiving vessel from the one or more storage vessels, to thereby control the temperature of the compressed gas being transferred to the receiving vessel.
- In the preferred embodiment of this invention a controller regulates the flow -control devices based on the measured ambient temperature by comparing the measured ambient temperature with a preset temperature to thereby control the storage vessel volume communicating with the receiving vessel from one or more high-pressure storage vessels.
- In accordance with this invention the parameter being controlled directly in response to the ambient temperature is the storage vessel volume that is placed in flow communication with the receiving vessel to be filled; not the mass or pressure of the gas. However, the mass and pressure of gas transferred to the receiving vessel is effected by the storage volume placed in communication with the receiving vessel during the transfer or filling operation.
- In accordance with the broadest aspects of this invention, different arrangements of storage vessels can be employed to establish the desired storage volume in flow communication with the receiving vessel at any given time during the filling operation. For example, a plurality of storage vessels having substantially the same volume can be employed to store the compressed gas, and different numbers of storage vessels can be grouped together under the control of an individual flow-control device. Thus, when it is desired to employ the smallest storage volume to fill the receiving vessel, the flow-control device communicating with the smallest number of storage vessels will be operated. When it is desired to communicate a larger storage volume with a receiving vessel, then the flow -control device that communicates a greater number of the high-pressure storage vessels will be opened to increase the storage vessel volume in communication with the receiving vessel to be filled.
- Another approach to regulating the storage vessel volume in communication with a receiving vessel during any desired portion of the filling cycle is to actually employ storage vessels of different volumes and then communicate a desired storage vessel with a receiving vessel through actuation of a corresponding flow-control device, depending upon the storage vessel volume that is to be communicated with the receiving vessel.
- Yet another approach permitting the communication of either the same or different storage vessel volumes in communication with a receiving vessel at any desired time during the filling cycle is to provide a plurality of high-pressure storage vessels, each having substantially the same volume, and placing each of those storage vessels in communication with a separate flow-control device upstream of a single, common conduit in flow communication with a receiving vessel to be filled. Thus, when a single flow-control device is opened only one of the high-pressure storage vessels will be in communication with the receiving vessel through the common conduit; when two flow-control devices are opened, two of such high-pressure vessels will be in flow communication with the receiving vessel thereby doubling the storage vessel volume in flow communication with the receiving vessel, etc. This latter arrangement provides substantial versatility in the storage and delivery system by permitting the storage vessel volumes in communication with a receiving vessel to be varied over a wide range during the filling of the receiving vessel. In particular, by selectively maintaining only one high-pressure storage vessel in communication with the receiving vessel at any given time during the filling cycle, the same storage vessel volume will always be communicating with the receiving vessel throughout the entire filling cycle. Alternatively, during different phases of the filling cycle two or more flow-control devices can be opened to thereby communicate two or more of the high-pressure storage vessels with the receiving vessel at any given time, thereby providing a greater storage vessel volume in communication with the receiving vessel at any desired time in the filling cycle.
- A method for controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel includes the steps of providing a plurality of high-pressure storage vessels including compressed gas therein; connecting the plurality of high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel so that the compressed gas in one or more of the high-pressure storage vessels can be transferred to the receiving vessel; measuring the ambient temperature and controlling the storage vessel volume in flow communication with the receiving vessel in response to the ambient temperature to thereby control the temperature of the compressed gas being transferred to the receiving vessel.
- In a preferred method of this invention the step of controlling the storage vessel volume in flow communication with the receiving vessel in response to the ambient temperature is provided by a controller responsive to the difference between the ambient temperature and a preset temperature.
- In one preferred method of this invention the step of controlling the volume of gas being transferred to the receiving vessel is carried out by controlling the number of storage vessels in communication with the receiving vessel as gas is being transferred from the storage vessels to said receiving vessels.
- In accordance with another aspect of this invention, the step of controlling the volume of gas being transferred to the receiving vessel during a filling cycle includes the step of changing the number of storage vessels in communication with the receiving vessel during the step of transferring gas to the receiving vessel, whereby different gas storage volumes are in flow communication with the receiving vessel during different portions of the gas transferring operation.
- In accordance with another aspect of this invention the step of controlling the volume of gas being transferred to the receiving vessel is carried out by communicating only one storage vessel at a time with the receiving vessel during the entire filling operation.
- The invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a system for controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel in accordance with one embodiment of this invention; and -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a system for controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more of high-pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel in accordance with a second embodiment of this invention. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a storage and delivery system for compressed gas in accordance with one embodiment of this invention is illustrated at 10. Storage anddelivery system 10 includes astorage section 12 including plurality of compressedgas storage vessels - As can be seen in
FIG. 1 , the six (6) storage vessels are arranged in three (3), unequal size (volume)storage banks storage bank 26 includes three (3)storage vessels second storage bank 28 includesstorage vessels 20 and 22 and thethird storage bank 30 includes thesingle storage vessel 24. Thus, each of thestorage banks - Still referring to
FIG. 1 , each bank of storage vessels has its flow controlled by a separate flow-control device. Preferably the flow-control devices are on-offsupply valves FIG. 1 , the flow-control valve 32 controls the flow of compressed gas from the threestorage vessels bank 26, as a unit, and directs that flow into asupply line 38 for delivery to a receivingtank 40. In a similar manner, the flow-control valve 34 controls the flow of compressed gas from thestorage vessels 20 and 22, which constitute thesecond bank 28 of storage vessels. When thissecond valve 34 is opened, it communicates the second bank of storage vessels with thesupply line 38 for delivery of compressed gas to the receivingtank 40.Control valve 36 controls the flow of compressed gas from thesingle storage vessel 24, which constitutes thethird bank 30. When thevalve 36 is opened it directs the flow of compressed gas throughsupply line 38 to the receiving tank. - It should be understood that when each of the
banks vessel 40, the pressure in the storage vessels communicating with the receiving vessel drops as gas flows into the receiving vessel until the pressure in the storage vessels communicating with the receiving vessel equalize with the internal pressure of the receiving vessel. At that point in time the gas flow from the bank(s) of storage vessels communicating with the receiving vessel ends. - As can be seen in
FIG. 1 , the group of twostorage vessels 20, 22 constituting thesecond bank 28 has twice the gas storage volume as thesingle storage vessel 24 constituting thethird bank 30, and the threestorage vessels first bank 28 has three times the storage volume as thesingle storage vessel 24 constituting thethird bank 30. Thus, the gas storage volume that communicates with the receivingvessel 40 through thesupply line 38 can be varied by selectively opening one or more of the flow-control valves - Still referring to
FIG. 1 , atemperature measuring device 42 is provided and is in communication withprogrammable logic controller 44. Theprogrammable logic controller 44 operates theflow control valves temperature measuring device 42. In particular, in the preferred embodiment of this invention the programmable logic controller includes a preset temperature that is compared to the measured, ambient temperature and the relationship between these latter-two temperatures determines the manner in which theprogrammable logic controller 44 functions to open, or sequence, one or more of thecontrol valves - Assuming that the ambient temperature measured by the
device 42 is greater than, or higher than the preset temperature in the programmable logic controller (i.e., 10° F.), thereby establishing that the cooling of the gas should be maximized as it is being transferred to the receivingvessel 40, theprogrammable controller 44 will first openvalve 36 to only communicate the storage volume ofstorage vessel 24 with the receivingvessel 40. - The pressure in the
storage vessel 24, by virtue of this vessel constituting the smallest storage volume for delivering compressed gas to the receivingvessel 40, drops to the greatest degree possible in equalizing with the pressure in the receiving vessel, thereby delivering the coldest gas possible by taking maximum advantage of the heat of expansion cooling. Next, theprogrammable logic controller 44 will open thevalve 34 to communicatestorage vessels 20, 22 ofbank 28 with the receivingvessel 40, and thereafter will opencontrol valve 32 for communicating the threestorage vessels bank 26 with the receivingvessel 40, thereby delivering a lower proportion of the compressed gas to thestorage vessel 40 at warmer temperatures. - Alternatively, when the ambient temperature is less than the set point of the programmable logic controller (when it is generally cold), cooling of the gas during the transfer operation is not desirable. Under these conditions, the
programmable logic controller 44 is programmed to firstopen valve 32 to communicatesupply vessels bank 26 with the receivingtank 40. Since the pressure in these latter threecylinders storage vessel 24 on a warmer day (when the ambient temperature was greater than the preset temperature of the programmable logic controller) to equalize the pressure with that in the receiving vessel, the cooling of the compressed gas due to heat of expansion is minimized. - It should be understood that the
programmable logic controller 44 can be programmed to vary the number of valves that are opened at any given time, as well as the order in which those valves are opened, depending upon the desired amount of cooling of the compressed gas being transferred to the receivingtank 40. In particular, the storage anddelivery system 10 is designed to be capable of delivering the coldest gas possible to the receivingvessel 40 when the ambient temperature measured by thedevice 42 is higher than a preset temperature in theprogrammable logic controller 44, and the cooling of the compressed gas transferred to the receivingtank 40 is desirably minimized when the ambient temperature measured by thedevice 42 is less than the preset temperature in theprogrammable logic controller 44. - In particular, the greater the pressure drop that takes place in the supply vessel to equalize with the pressure in the receiving vessel, the greater the cooling affect that is obtained. The greatest pressure drop is achieved by initially delivering compressed gas to the receiving
vessel 40 from the smallest available volume storage vessel (i.e., 24) in thestorage section 12 of the system. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , a second embodiment of a storage and delivery system in accordance with this invention is illustrated at 100. This storage and delivery system includes astorage section 102 including a plurality of storage vessels orcylinders storage section 102 is illustrated as including six (6) separate storage vessels, the number of vessels can be varied in accordance with the broadest aspects of this invention. - Still referring to
FIG. 2 , each of the storage vessels is controlled by a separate flow control device, in the form of an on-offsupply valve - Each of the conduits in which the flow-control valves are included communicates downstream of those flow-control valves with a
common feed line 116, and this latter feed line communicates with asupply line 118 for directing the flow of compressed gas from one or more of thestorage vessels vessel 120. - Still referring to
FIG. 2 , atemperature measuring device 122 measures the ambient temperature in the same manner as thetemperature measuring device 42 employed in the storage anddelivery system 10. Also, the storage anddelivery system 100 includes aprogrammable logic controller 124 including a preset temperature therein. Thisprogrammable logic controller 124 can be the same as theprogrammable logic controller 44 of storage anddelivery system 10. - In accordance with the operation of the storage and
delivery system 100, the ambient temperature measured by thetemperature measuring device 122 is compared to the preset temperature in the programmable logic controller, and based upon that comparison, the programmable logic controller operates thevarious control valves vessel 120. - For example, assuming that the ambient temperature measured by the
device 122 is more than or higher than a preset temperature in the programmed logic controller 124 (10° F for example), indicating that the ambient temperature is warm and that the compressed gas being transferred to the receiving tank orvessel 120 should be cool to its maximum extent, the programmable logic controller is programmed to selectively open each of thevalves storage tanks vessel 120 to allow the pressure, in a single tank at a time, to equalize with the pressure in the receiving tank orvessel 120. In this mode of operation, the order in which the individual flow-control valves are opened is not important, but it is desirable that only one valve at a time be opened. This provides for the greatest degree of pressure drop in the storage vessels until pressure equalization takes place with the receivingvessel 120, thereby delivering the coldest gas possible by taking maximum advantage of heat of expansion cooling. - It should be understood that the
programmable logic controller 124 can be programmed to override the above operating sequence (or any other sequence being carried out), as desired. - However, when the ambient temperature is colder than the set temperature, generally indicating that the ambient temperature is cold and that the compressed gas being transferred from the
storage section 102 to the receiving tank orvessel 120 does not require significant cooling, theprogrammable logic controller 124 can be programmed to open more than one control valve at a time. For example,control valves control valve 108A) could be opened if the temperature falls to 0° F. Ultimately, all of the valves can be opened at the same time to minimize heat of expansion cooling at the coldest temperature, e.g., −30° F., for example. - It should be understood that the above disclosed operation of the storage and
delivery systems - A number of modifications can be made within the scope of this invention.
- For example, the storage and
delivery system 10, rather than employing three separate groups of storage vessels, with each storage vessel having essentially the same volume, can be designed so that each of thegroups bank 26vessels storage vessels storage vessels 20 and 22, constituting thesecond bank 28 of storage vessels can be replaced by a single storage vessel having a storage volume equivalent to the total storage volume of thevessels 20 and 22. In this embodiment thestorage vessel 24 will remain, presenting the desired storage vessel volume to be controlled by thesupply valve 36. - The storage and delivery systems of this invention can be employed in a wide variety of applications. In one preferred application the systems can be employed in fueling of compressed gas vehicles such as hydrogen or natural gas vehicles, wherein it is desirable to supply the vehicles with gas within a certain temperature, such as above −20° F. and below 60° F.
- Although illustrated and described herein with reference to certain specific embodiments, the present invention is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims and without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. A system for controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more high pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel, said system including:
A. a plurality of high pressure storage vessels including compressed gas therein;
B. a conduit for receiving compressed gas from one or more of the plurality of high pressure storage vessels and being adapted to communicate with a receiving vessel for transferring compressed gas from said one or more of the plurality of high pressure storage vessels to said receiving vessel;
C. a plurality of flow control devices for controlling the flow of compressed gas from one or more of said storage vessels to said receiving vessel;
D. a temperature measuring device for measuring the ambient temperature; and
E. a controller for regulating the flow control devices in response to the ambient temperature measured by the measuring device to control the storage vessel volume communicating with the receiving vessel from said one or more storage vessels, to thereby control the temperature of the compressed gas being transferred to said receiving vessel.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller sequentially controls separate flow control devices to selectively control the storage vessel volume communicating with the receiving vessel as compressed gas is being transferred to said receiving vessel.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said plurality of flow control devices controls the flow of compressed gas from a storage vessel volume to said receiving vessel that is different from the storage vessel volume from which compressed gas is transferred to said receiving vessel under the control of at least one other of said plurality of flow control devices.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of said plurality of flow control devices controls the flow of compressed gas to said receiving vessel from a different storage vessel volume.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of high pressure storage vessels are arranged in two or more groups of storage vessels, each group of storage vessels communicating with said receiving vessel through a separate flow control device.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the storage vessel volume of each group is different from the storage vessel volume of every other group.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the volume of each of the storage vessels is approximately the same, and the number of storage vessels in each group is different from the number of storage vessel in every other group.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein each storage vessel communicates with the receiving vessel through a separate flow control device.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flow control devices are valves.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein said receiving vessel is a tank in a vehicle to be operated by gas transferred from said one or more high pressure storage vessels.
11. The system of claim 1 , said controller including a preset temperature and said controller regulating the flow control devices in response to the difference between the ambient temperature and the preset temperature.
12. A method for controlling the temperature of compressed gas being transferred from one or more high pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel, said method including the steps of:
A. providing a plurality of high pressure storage vessels including compressed gas therein;
B. connecting the plurality of high pressure storage vessels to a receiving vessel so that the compressed gas in one or more of the high pressure storage vessels can be transferred to the receiving vessel;
C. measuring the ambient temperature; and
D. controlling the storage vessel volume in flow communication with the receiving vessel in response to the ambient temperature to thereby control the temperature of the compressed gas being transferred to said receiving vessel.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of controlling the storage vessel volume in flow communication with the receiving vessel is provided by a controller responsive to the difference between the ambient temperature and a second, preset temperature.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of controlling the volume of gas being transferred to the receiving vessel is carried out by controlling the number of storage vessels in communication with the receiving vessel as gas is being transferred from said storage vessels to said receiving vessel.
15. The method of claim 14 , including the step of changing the number of storage vessels in communication with the receiving vessel during the step of transferring gas to said receiving vessel, whereby different gas storage volumes are in flow communication with the receiving vessel during different portions of the gas transferring operation.
16. The method of claim 14 , including the step of controlling the volume of gas being transferred to the receiving vessel by communicating only one storage vessel at a time with the receiving vessel during the entire filling operation.
Priority Applications (7)
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US11/247,566 US20070079891A1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2005-10-10 | Cascade bank selection based on ambient temperature |
CA002561988A CA2561988A1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2006-10-03 | Cascade bank selection based on ambient temperature |
AT06020927T ATE393896T1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2006-10-05 | SELECTION OF CASCATED TANKS DEPENDING ON THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE |
DE602006001045T DE602006001045T2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2006-10-05 | Selection of cascaded tanks as a function of the ambient temperature |
EP06020927A EP1777454B1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2006-10-05 | Cascade bank selection based on ambient temperature |
US12/469,912 US8156970B2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2009-05-21 | Temperature-compensated dispensing of compressed gases |
US13/346,823 US8286675B2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2012-01-10 | Temperature-compensated dispensing of compressed gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/247,566 US20070079891A1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2005-10-10 | Cascade bank selection based on ambient temperature |
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US12/469,912 Continuation-In-Part US8156970B2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2009-05-21 | Temperature-compensated dispensing of compressed gases |
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US20070079891A1 true US20070079891A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
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EP (1) | EP1777454B1 (en) |
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US10830031B2 (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2020-11-10 | Fuel Automation Station, Llc. | Mobile distribution station having satellite dish |
US11142449B2 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2021-10-12 | Fuel Automation Station, LLC | Method and system for dispensing fuel using side-diverting fuel outlets |
US11827421B2 (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2023-11-28 | Fuel Automation Station, LLC | Fuel cap assembly with cylindrical coupler |
IT202100010448A1 (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-10-26 | Cubogas S R L | PRESSURIZED GAS DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR THE REFUEL OF A DESTINATION TANK |
WO2022229634A1 (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-11-03 | Nanosun IP Limited | An apparatus and method for fuelling |
WO2022254049A1 (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-08 | Gonzalez Miguel Manuel | Method for filling gas tanks |
WO2024017677A1 (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-25 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Device and method for filling a pressurised-gas tank |
FR3138181A1 (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-26 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Device and method for filling a pressurized gas tank |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1777454A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
EP1777454B1 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
CA2561988A1 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
DE602006001045T2 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
DE602006001045D1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
ATE393896T1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
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