JP5714806B2 - Motor control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a motor control device that performs pulse width modulation (hereinafter referred to as “PWM”) control.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a motor control device that performs control of current supplied to a motor by PWM control is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The motor control device includes an inverter circuit that supplies current from a DC power source to an electric winding provided in the motor, and the inverter circuit is a half-bridge circuit including high-side and low-side switch elements connected in series. There are multiple. The high-side switch element of the half-bridge circuit is connected to a DC power supply, and the low-side switch element is connected to the ground. Then, by PWM control performed by the motor control device, either the high-side or low-side switch element provided in each half-bridge circuit is selectively turned on / off, and the motor from the power source is controlled by the on / off control of the switch element. The current value of the current supplied to the electrical winding is controlled.

  As described above, when one of the high-side switch element and the low-side switch element is selectively turned on / off by PWM control, an electric circuit in which current flows back when one switch element is in the off state Otherwise, due to the current supplied to the electrical winding when one of the switch elements is in the on state, the voltage between the terminals of the electrical winding becomes a high voltage and energy loss occurs in the electrical winding. For this reason, field effect transistors (hereinafter referred to as “FETs”) in which body diodes are parasitic are generally used as the high-side and low-side switch elements. When one switch element is turned off, the current supplied to the electric winding flows back through the electric circuit formed by the body diode parasitic on the other switch element.

  However, when a current flows back through the electric circuit formed by the body diode, a forward voltage is generated in the body diode, and a loss occurs in the switch element due to the forward voltage and the flowing current. The value of this loss is the product of the voltage value of the forward voltage and the current value of the circulating current. For example, if the voltage value of the forward voltage is 0.6 V, the current value of the circulating current is 2A. In this case, a loss of 1.2 W occurs.

  In order to reduce the loss generated in the body diode when the current is circulated, a control method may be used in which the other switch element is turned on and the current is circulated immediately after the one switch element is turned off. This control method is called synchronous rectification control. In addition, in order to supply current from a DC power source, one switch element that is on / off controlled by PWM control is called positive phase PWM control, and a signal used for positive phase PWM control is called positive phase PWM control signal. In order to recirculate the current supplied to the capacitor, the other switch element that is on / off controlled by PWM control is called reverse-phase PWM control, and the signal used for reverse-phase PWM control is called reverse-phase PWM control signal. .

JP 2003-324928 A

  However, if the synchronous rectification control is performed when the current value of the current supplied from the DC power supply to the motor is small, the current supplied to the motor is regenerated in the DC power supply. As described above, when the current supplied to the motor is regenerated to the DC power source, there is a problem in that the braking force is generated in the rotor provided in the motor and the input / output efficiency of the motor is lowered.

As a motor control device that solves such problems and can improve the input / output efficiency of a motor for a motor for an electric vehicle, a motor control device that supplies current to the motor for a motor for an electric vehicle by PWM control. A plurality of half-bridge circuits comprising a high-side switch element connected to a DC power source and a low-side switch element connected to ground, and the current from the DC power source is turned on and off by the high-side or low-side switch element. An inverter circuit for supplying a current to the motor, a current detection means for detecting a current value of a current supplied from the DC power source to the motor, and outputting a current value signal corresponding to the current value, and each half bridge circuit A control signal for supplying a control signal to the high-side or low-side switch element Generating means, the control signal generating means based on a positive phase PWM control signal generating means for generating a positive phase PWM control signal, and a positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive phase PWM control signal generating means, Reverse phase PWM control signal generating means for generating a reverse phase PWM control signal that is an inverted signal with respect to the normal phase PWM control signal, a current value memory in which a predetermined current threshold value is stored, and storage in the current value memory The current threshold value that is supplied and the current value signal supplied from the current detection means are compared, and when the current value signal is less than the current threshold value, the regenerative current generated in the motor is regenerated to the DC power supply. to prevent Rukoto, by selecting only the positive-phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive phase PWM control signal generating means outputs, the current signal is greater than or equal to said current threshold Selection means for alternately selecting and outputting the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive phase PWM control signal generation means and the negative phase PWM control signal supplied from the negative phase PWM control signal generation means When the current value signal is less than the current threshold, the control signal generation means does not supply the negative phase PWM control signal to the half bridge circuit.

  According to the present invention, if the current value of the current supplied from the DC power source to the motor is less than the current threshold value, only the positive phase PWM control signal is selected from the control signal generating means to the switch element provided in the inverter circuit. The synchronous rectification control is not performed. Therefore, when the current value of the current supplied from the DC power supply to the motor is small, the current supplied to the motor is not regenerated to the DC power supply. As a result, the braking force is not generated in the rotor provided in the motor, and the input / output efficiency of the motor is improved.

It is a block diagram of a motor device in an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a duty ratio and a carrier period in embodiment of this invention. 4 is a timing chart showing a positive phase PWM control signal formed by a control signal generation means in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a timing chart which shows the normal phase PWM control signal and negative phase PWM control signal which are formed in the control signal production | generation means in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the PWM control signal output when the electric current value exceeds the electric current threshold value in the motor apparatus of this embodiment. 6 is a timing chart showing a normal phase PWM control signal and a negative phase PWM control signal that have been subjected to delay processing by the control signal generation means in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process performed by the control signal production | generation means in embodiment of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the normal phase PWM control signal and negative phase PWM control signal which are produced | generated by the control signal production | generation means in embodiment of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the normal phase PWM control signal and negative phase PWM control signal which are produced | generated by the control signal production | generation means in embodiment of this invention.

  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a motor device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The motor device 100 is used as a prime mover of an electric vehicle, for example, and includes a three-phase brushless motor (motor) M having U-phase, V-phase and W-phase electrical windings (U, V, W), and a motor M. And a motor control device 1 for supplying a current from the DC power supply BT.

  The motor control device 1 includes a rotation sensor 10 as a rotation angle measuring means for measuring a rotation angle of a rotor (not shown) provided in the motor M, and a connection line L connecting the motor control device 1 and the DC power source BT. Current detection means for measuring the current value of the current supplied to the U-phase, V-phase and W-phase electrical windings (U, V, W) and outputting a current value signal corresponding to the measured current value As a current sensor 20, an inverter circuit 30, and a control signal generating means 40.

  The inverter circuit 30 includes three half-bridge circuits (31, 32, 33) connected in parallel to the DC power supply BT. The half-bridge circuit 31 includes a high-side switch element 31a connected to the DC power supply BT and a low-side switch element 31b connected to the ground GND, and the half-bridge circuit 32 includes a high-side switch element 31b connected to the DC power supply BT. Switch element 32a and a low-side switch element 32b connected to the ground GND. The half-bridge circuit 33 includes a high-side switch element 33a connected to the DC power supply BT and a low-side switch element connected to the ground GND. 33b. Further, the switch elements (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) of the present embodiment are FETs in which the body diode D is parasitic.

  Then, by turning on or off the high-side or low-side switch elements (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b), the inverter circuit 30 causes the current from the DC power supply BT to be supplied to the motor M in the U phase and V phase. And supply to W-phase electrical windings (U, V, W). In addition, a capacitor C is connected to the inverter circuit 30 in parallel, and the current supplied to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase electrical windings (U, V, W) is smoothed by the capacitor C. Done.

  Next, the control signal generation means 40 will be described with reference to FIG. The control signal generation means 40 includes a target duty ratio determination means 41, a duty ratio memory 42, a duty ratio comparison means 43, a division value calculation means 44, a first timer 45 as a carrier cycle setting means, an initial value setting means 46, an off-state. A second timer 47 as a time setting unit, a PWM control signal generation unit 500, a current value reading unit 60, a current value memory 61, a selection unit 62, a rotation angle detection unit 63, a communication signal generation unit 64, and a delay unit 65 are provided. ing. The control signal generation means 40 is connected to the inverter circuit 30 and supplies a control signal to the high-side or low-side switch elements (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) provided in the inverter circuit 30. .

  The target duty ratio determining means 41 reads an accelerator signal supplied from the accelerator operating means A attached to the vehicle, determines a target duty ratio D1 based on the read accelerator signal, and a target corresponding to the target duty ratio D1. Outputs a duty ratio signal. The duty ratio memory 42 stores a predetermined duty ratio D0. In the present embodiment, the duty ratio “60%” (D0 = 60) is stored as the predetermined duty ratio D0.

  The duty ratio comparison means 43 compares the target duty ratio signal supplied from the target duty ratio determination means 41 with a predetermined duty ratio D0 stored in the duty ratio memory, and the target corresponding to the target duty ratio signal. When the duty ratio D1 is less than the predetermined duty ratio D0, this is output as a first signal, and the target duty ratio D1 corresponding to the target duty ratio signal is equal to or greater than the predetermined duty ratio D0. If so, the fact is output as the second signal.

  The division value calculation means 44 sets and sets the division value d based on the target duty ratio signal supplied from the target duty ratio determination means 41 and the first or second signal supplied from the duty ratio comparison means 41. A division value signal corresponding to the division value d is output. The division value d is used as a reference value for setting the carrier period of the positive phase PWM control signal in the control signal generation means 40 of the present embodiment.

When the target duty ratio D1 is less than a predetermined duty ratio D0 and the first signal is supplied from the duty ratio comparison means 43, the division value d in the division value calculation means 44 is expressed by the following equation (1). Set to a value.
d = (100−D0) × 2 (1)
Since the duty ratio D0 is a constant value, when the target duty ratio D1 is less than a predetermined duty ratio D0, the division value d is set to a constant value. In this embodiment, since the duty ratio D0 is set to “60”, the division value d is set to “80”.

When the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined duty ratio D0 and the second signal is supplied from the duty ratio comparison means 46, the division value d in the division value calculation means 44 is expressed by the following equation (2). Set to a value.
d = (100−D1) × 2 (2)
The target duty ratio D1 is a value that is changed by the target duty ratio determination means 41, and the division value d is a value that decreases as the target duty ratio D1 increases and increases as the target duty ratio D1 decreases.

  The first timer 45 as the carrier cycle setting means is a down counter in which an initial count value T1max is set in advance. A division value signal is supplied from the division value calculation means 44 to the first timer 45, and the first timer 45 decrements the division value d corresponding to the division value signal from the initial count value T1max every clock cycle Tcl. An operation is performed, and when the count value T1 becomes zero, a count-up signal is output. Then, without delay after the count value T1 becomes zero, the first timer 45 again starts the operation of decrementing the count value T1 from the initial count value T1max, and repeatedly outputs the first count-up signal.

When the target duty ratio D1 is less than the predetermined duty ratio D0, the first timer 45 decrements the count value T1 from the initial count value T1max by the division value d in each clock cycle Tcl according to the equation (1). The first count time ΔT1 from when the operation starts until the count value T1 becomes zero and the count-up signal is output is the time indicated by the following expression (3) according to the expression (1).
ΔT1 = (T1max / d) × Tcl
= (T1max / ((100−D0) × 2)) × Tcl (3)

  Since the duty ratio D0 is a predetermined constant value, the first count time ΔT1 is a constant value. In this embodiment, the division value d is set to “80”, the initial count value T1max is set to “16000”, and the clock cycle Tcl that performs the operation of decrementing the division value d from the initial count value T1max is performed. Is “250 ns”. Accordingly, the first count time ΔT1 when the target duty ratio D1 is less than the duty ratio D0 is a constant value “50 μs”.

On the other hand, when the target duty ratio D1 is greater than or equal to the predetermined duty ratio D0, the division value d whose value calculated by the equation (2) varies is supplied from the division value calculation means 44 to the first timer 45. The Therefore, when the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than the predetermined duty ratio D0, the operation of starting to decrement the count value T1 from the initial count value T1max by the division value d is started, and then the count value T1 becomes zero, and the count up The second count time ΔT2 until the signal is output is a time represented by the following equation (4).
ΔT2 = (T1max / d) × Tcl
= (T1max / ((100−D1) × 2)) × Tcl (4)

  In the present embodiment, when the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined duty ratio D0, the value of the division value d varies and the division value d is less than the predetermined duty ratio D0. Smaller than Therefore, the second count time ΔT2 is equal to or longer than the first count time ΔT1 (ΔT2 ≧ ΔT1), the target duty ratio D1 increases, and the second count time ΔT2 increases as the division value d decreases. To do. On the other hand, the second count time ΔT2 decreases as the target duty ratio D1 decreases and the division value d increases.

  The initial value setting means 46 sets and sets the initial value T2max based on the target duty ratio signal supplied from the target duty ratio determination means 41 and the first or second signal supplied from the duty ratio comparison means 43. An initial value signal corresponding to the initial value T2max is output. The initial value T2max is used as a reference value for setting the off time of the positive phase PWM control in the control signal generation means 40 of the present embodiment.

When the target duty ratio D1 is less than a predetermined duty ratio D0 and the first signal is supplied from the duty ratio comparison means 43, the initial value T2max in the initial value setting means 46 is expressed by the following equation (5). Set to a value.
T2max = (100−D1) × 2 (5)
The target duty ratio D1 is a value that is changed by the target duty ratio determination means 41. When the target duty ratio D1 is less than a predetermined duty ratio D0, the initial value T2max increases with an increase in the target duty ratio D1. The value decreases and increases as the target duty ratio D1 decreases.

On the other hand, when the target duty ratio D1 is greater than or equal to the predetermined duty ratio D0 and the second signal is supplied from the duty ratio comparison means 43, the initial value setting means 46 sets the initial value T2max to the following formula (6 ).
T2max = (100−D0) × 2 (6)

  Since the duty ratio D0 is a constant value, the initial value T2m is set to a constant value when the target duty ratio D1 is greater than or equal to a predetermined duty ratio D0. In the present embodiment, since the duty ratio D0 is set to “60”, the initial value T2m is set to “80”.

  The second timer 47 as an off time setting means is a down counter that performs an operation of decrementing the count value T2. The initial value signal supplied from the initial value setting means 46 is supplied to the second timer 47, the initial value T2max corresponding to the initial value signal is set, and the count value T2 is decremented from the initial value T2max. .

  The second timer 47 starts to decrement when the count-up signal is supplied from the first timer 45, and decrements the count value T2 by one from the initial count value T2max every clock cycle Tcl. I do. That is, the second timer 47 starts counting the first or second count time (ΔT1, ΔT2) almost simultaneously with the first timer 45 starting to decrement, in other words, the first timer 45 starts counting. It is set to start an operation of decrementing substantially at the same time.

  When the second timer 47 is counting, a first notification signal is output from the second timer 47, the count value T2 of the second timer 47 becomes zero, and then the first timer Until the count-up signal is supplied from 48, the second notification signal is output from the second timer 47.

When the target duty ratio D1 is less than the predetermined duty ratio D0, the second timer 47 starts an operation of decrementing the count value T2 by 1 from the initial count value T2max every clock cycle Tcl. That is, the third count time ΔT3 from when the output of the first notification signal is started until the count value T2 becomes zero and the second notification signal is output is expressed by the following equation (7) according to equation (5): ).
ΔT3 = T2max × Tcl
= (100−D1) × 2 × Tcl (7)

  As described above, when the target duty ratio D1 is less than the predetermined duty ratio D0, the initial value T2max is a value that decreases as the target duty ratio D1 increases and increases as the target duty ratio D1 decreases. is there. Therefore, the third count time ΔT3 also decreases as the target duty ratio D1 increases, and increases as the target duty ratio D1 decreases.

On the other hand, when the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than the predetermined duty ratio D0, the second timer 47 starts an operation of decrementing the count value T2 by 1 from the initial count value T2max every clock cycle Tcl. That is, the fourth count time ΔT4 from when the output of the first notification signal is started until the count value T2 becomes zero and the second notification signal is output is expressed by the following equation (6). This is the time shown in equation (8).
ΔT4 = T2max × Tcl
= (100−D0) × 2 × Tcl (8)

  As described above, when the target duty ratio D1 is greater than or equal to the predetermined duty ratio D0, the initial value T2max is a constant value. Accordingly, the fourth count time ΔT4 is equal to or shorter than the third count time ΔT3 (ΔT4 ≦ ΔT3), and is a constant value regardless of the change in the target duty ratio D1.

  Next, the PWM control signal generation means 500 will be described with reference to FIG. The PWM control signal generation unit 500 includes a first normal phase PWM control signal generation unit 51, a second normal phase PWM control signal generation unit 52, and a reverse phase PWM control signal generation unit 53.

  The first and second positive phase PWM control signal generating means 51 and 52 form and output a positive phase PWM control signal PP 0 based on the first and second notification signals supplied from the second timer 47. As described above, the first notification signal is output from the second timer 50 when the second timer 47 is counting, and the second notification signal has a count value T2 of the second timer 47 of zero. After that, the second timer 47 outputs the signal until the count-up signal is supplied from the first timer 45.

  The first and second positive phase PWM control signal generation means 51 and 52 are off during the time when the first notification signal is supplied from the second timer 47, that is, during the third or fourth count time. After the second timer 47 finishes measuring the third or fourth count time, the time when the second notification signal is supplied forms a positive phase PWM control signal that is turned on.

  The time from when the supply of the first notification signal is started until the positive phase PWM control signal is sequentially turned off is called a carrier cycle Tca, and the first or second count time (ΔT1, ΔT2) is The carrier period is Tca. Also, the time from when the supply of the second notification signal is started until the positive phase PWM control signal is turned from the off state to the on state is called an off time Toff, and the third or fourth count time (ΔT3 , ΔT4) is the off time Toff.

  The relationship between the carrier cycle Tca of the positive phase PWM signal and the target duty ratio D1 will be described with reference to FIGS. As described above, the first or second count time (ΔT1, ΔT2) is the carrier cycle Tca, and the carrier cycle Tca is a constant value when the target duty ratio D1 is less than the predetermined duty ratio D0. Since it is the first count time, the carrier period Tca is also a constant value. In the present embodiment, since the duty ratio D0 is set to “60%”, when the target duty ratio D1 is less than “60%”, the carrier cycle Tca is “50 μs” and has a constant value.

  When the target duty ratio D1 is greater than or equal to the predetermined duty ratio D0, the second count time ΔT2 increases as the target duty ratio D1 increases, as shown in the equation (4). Tca also increases as the target duty ratio D1 increases. In the present embodiment, the duty ratio D0 is set to “60%”. Therefore, when the target duty ratio D1 is “60%” or more, the carrier period Tca increases as the target duty ratio D1 increases. When the target duty ratio D1 is “80%”, the carrier period Tca is “100 μs”. Thus, when the target duty ratio D1 is “90%”, the carrier cycle Tca is “200 μs”.

  Next, the relationship between the off time Toff of the positive phase PWM signal and the target duty ratio D1 will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, the third or fourth count time (ΔT3, ΔT4) becomes the off time Toff, and as shown in the equation (5), the target duty ratio D1 is a predetermined duty ratio. When it is less than D0, it decreases as the target duty ratio D1 increases, so the off time Toff also decreases as the target duty ratio D1 increases. In the present embodiment, when the target duty ratio D1 is “20%”, the off time Toff is “40 μs”, and when the target duty ratio D1 is “40%”, the off time T0ff is “30 μs”.

  When the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined duty ratio D0, the fourth count time ΔT4 is a constant value, so the off time Toff is also a constant value. In the present embodiment, since the duty ratio D0 is set to “60%”, when the target duty ratio D1 is “60%” or more, the off time Toff is “20 μs” and becomes a constant value.

  The negative phase PWM control signal generating means 52 forms and outputs a negative phase PWM control signal NP0 based on the positive phase PWM control signal PP0 supplied from the first positive phase PWM control signal generating means 51. As shown in FIG. 4, the negative phase PWM control signal NP0 is formed as an inverted signal of the positive phase PWM control signal PP0. That is, when the normal phase PWM control signal PP0 is in the on state, the reverse phase PWM control signal NP0 is in the off state, and when the normal phase PWM control signal PP0 is in the off state, the reverse phase PWM control signal NP0 is in the on state.

  Next, the current value reading means 60, the current value memory 61, the selection means 62, the rotation angle detection means 63, the energization signal generation means 64, and the delay means 65 provided in the control signal generation means 40 will be described with reference to FIG. .

  The current value reading means 60 reads the current value signal supplied from the current sensor 20 and outputs the read current value signal. The current value memory 61 records a predetermined current threshold Ir.

  The selection unit 62 compares the current threshold value Ir stored in the current value memory 61 with the current value signal supplied from the current sensor 20 via the current value reading unit 60. When the current value signal is less than the current threshold Ir, the positive phase PWM control signal PP0 supplied from the first positive phase PWM control signal generation means 51 is selected and output. On the other hand, when the current value signal is equal to or greater than the current threshold Ir, the positive phase PWM control signal PPO and the negative phase PWM control signal generation unit 53 supplied from the second positive phase PWM control signal generation unit 52 are supplied. The reverse phase PWM control signal NP0 is selected and output. FIG. 5 shows a PWM control signal selected by the selection means 62 when the current value signal is equal to or greater than the current threshold Ir.

  The rotation angle detector 63 outputs a rotation angle signal based on the measurement signal supplied from the rotation sensor 10. The energization signal generation unit 64 forms an energization pattern signal based on the rotation angle signal supplied from the rotation angle detection unit 63. Then, the energization signal generation unit 64 performs a process of multiplying the energization pattern signal by the normal phase PWM control signal PP0 and the reverse phase PWM control signal NP0 supplied from the PWM control signal generation unit 500, and outputs the processed signal. .

  The delay means 65 performs a process of providing a predetermined dead time dT for the normal phase PWM control signal PP0 and the negative phase PWM control signal NP0 supplied from the energization signal generation means. By the process of providing the dead time dT, the dead time dT is set to the rising signal that switches from the off state to the on state in the normal phase and reverse phase PWM control signals (PP0, NP0). Even if the dead time dT is set by providing means for advancing the falling signal that switches from the on state to the off state in the normal phase and reverse phase PWM control signals (PP0, NP0) instead of the delay means 62. good.

  A switch in which the inverter circuit 30 includes a normal phase PWM control signal PP1 and a negative phase PWM control signal NP1 provided with a dead time dT as a rising signal that is switched from an off state to an on state by the delay means 65. It is supplied to the elements (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b).

  Next, the normal phase PWM control signal PP0 and the reverse phase PWM control signal NP0 output from the PWM control signal generation unit 500, and the normal phase PWM control signal PP1 and the negative phase PWM control signal NP1 output from the delay unit 65 are illustrated. 6 will be described. As shown in the figure, the normal phase PWM control signal PP0 and the negative phase PWM control signal NP0 output from the PWM control signal generation unit 500 are switched from the off state (off) to the on state (on) by the delay unit 65. The dead time dT is set to the rising signal to be switched. In the present embodiment, the dead time dT is set to “2 μs”.

  Next, an example of a process for generating the positive phase PWM signal PP0 by the control signal generation means 40 will be described with reference to FIG. When the process is started ("start"), first, the accelerator signal is read by the current command means 41, and the current value signal is read by the current value detection means 42 (process ST1).

  The target duty ratio determining means 44 determines the target duty ratio D1 from the accelerator signal and current value signal read in the process ST1 (process ST2), and the duty ratio comparing means 46 determines the target duty ratio D1 in advance. It is determined whether or not the duty ratio is equal to or greater than D0 (process ST3). When the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than the duty ratio D0, the division value calculation means 47 sets “(100−D1) × 2” as the division value d (processing ST4). On the other hand, when the target duty ratio D1 is less than the duty ratio D0, the division value calculation means 47 sets “(100−D0) × 2” as the division value d (process ST5).

  Next, in order to determine whether or not the first timer 48 is counting up, it is determined whether or not the count value T1 of the first timer 48 is smaller than the division value d (process ST6). Hereinafter, a case where it is determined that the count value T1 of the first timer 48 is smaller than the division value d will be described.

  If the count value T1 is smaller than the division value d, it is determined that the first timer 48 is counting up, and the first timer 48 resets the initial count value T1max as the count value T1 (process ST7). ), An operation of decrementing the count value T1 from the initial count value T1max is started. Then, again, the duty ratio comparison means 46 determines whether or not the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or higher than the duty ratio D0 (process ST8).

  If the target duty ratio D1 is greater than or equal to the duty ratio D0 as a result of the determination in step ST8, “(100−D0) × 2” is the initial count value T2max as the count value T2 of the second timer 50. The second timer 50 starts an operation of decrementing the count value T2 from the set initial count value T2max (ST9), and a series of processing ends (“END”).

  On the other hand, when the target duty ratio D1 is less than the duty ratio D0 as a result of the determination in process ST8, “(100−D1) × 2” is initially set as the count value T2 of the second timer 50. The count value T2max is set, and the second timer 50 starts an operation of decrementing the count value T2 from the set initial count value T2max (ST10), and a series of processing ends (“end”).

  Next, a case will be described in which it is determined in process ST6 that the count value T1 of the first timer 48 is equal to or greater than the division value d. When it is determined that the count value T1 is greater than or equal to the division value d, the first timer 48 performs a process of subtracting the division value d from the count value T1 in one decrement operation (process ST11). Then, whether the count value T2 of the second timer 50 is “zero”, that is, whether the second timer 50 has been counted up, or the second timer 50 performs a decrement operation. It is determined whether it is in a state (ST12).

  In the process ST12, when the second timer 50 has not counted up, the first notification signal is supplied from the second timer 50 to the positive phase PWM control signal generating means 51, and the positive phase PWM control signal generation is performed. The means 51 outputs an “off signal (= 0)” as the normal phase PWM control signal PP0, and the count value T2 of the second timer 50 is decremented by 1 (ST13), and the series of processing ends. ("End").

  On the other hand, in the process ST12, when the second timer 50 has been counted up, the second timer 50 outputs a second notification signal, and the positive phase PWM control signal generating means 51 outputs The “ON signal (= 1)” is output as the normal phase PWM control signal PP0, and the series of processing ends (“END”). The series of processes from “start” to “end” is repeated every clock cycle Tcl. As described above, in this embodiment, the clock cycle Tcl is set to 250 ns.

  Next, the 1st effect which the motor control apparatus 1 of this Embodiment has is demonstrated. When the current value of the current supplied from the DC power supply BT to the motor M is less than a predetermined current threshold value, that is, when the current value is small, the control signal generating means 40 provided in the motor control device 1 Only the positive phase PWM control signal PP1 is supplied to the switch elements (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) provided in the inverter circuit 30, and the synchronous rectification control is not executed. Therefore, when the current value of the current supplied from the DC power supply to the motor is small, the current supplied to the motor is not regenerated to the DC power supply. As a result, the braking force is not generated in the rotor provided in the motor, and the input / output efficiency of the motor is improved.

  On the other hand, when the current value of the current supplied from the DC power supply BT to the motor M is greater than or equal to a predetermined current threshold, that is, the current value is greater than a certain value and the current supplied to the motor is regenerated to the DC power supply. If not, the normal phase PWM control signal PP1 and the reverse phase PWM control signal NP1 are supplied to the switch elements (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) provided in the inverter circuit 30, Synchronous rectification control is executed. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the loss generated in the switch elements (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b).

  Next, the second effect of the motor control device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. This will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 8 shows the normal phase and reverse phase PWM control signals (PP1, NP1) when the target duty ratio D1 coincides with the predetermined duty ratio D0, and FIG. 9 shows that the target duty ratio D1 is predetermined. The positive phase and negative phase PWM control signals (PP1, NP1) when the duty ratio exceeds D0 are shown.

  As shown in FIG. 8, in the motor control device 1 of the present embodiment, the carrier cycle Tca is fixed at a constant value until the target duty ratio D1 matches the predetermined duty ratio D0, and the positive phase PWM The off time Toff of the control signal PP1 and the on time Ton of the reverse phase PWM control signal NP1 decrease as the target duty ratio D1 increases. The on-time Ton of the reverse phase PWM control signal NP1 is a time obtained by subtracting the dead time dT twice from the off time Toff of the normal phase PWM control signal PP1.

  In a state where the carrier cycle Tca is fixed to a constant value, when the target duty ratio D1 coincides with a predetermined duty ratio D0, the OFF time Toff of the normal phase PWM control signal PP1 and the ON phase of the negative phase PWM control signal NP1 Each time Ton is a minimum value. In the present embodiment, the on-time Ton of the negative phase PWM control signal NP1 when the value becomes the minimum value is set to “18 μs”, and the synchronous rectification is effectively performed.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the target duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined duty ratio D0, the carrier cycle Tca of the PWM control is increased or decreased according to the target duty ratio D1, and the positive phase PWM control is performed. The off time Toff of the signal PP1 is fixed to a certain time. Therefore, the PWM control according to the target duty ratio D1 can be performed by fixing the off time Toff of the positive phase PWM control signal PP1 to a constant time and increasing / decreasing the carrier cycle Tca.

  Further, when the standard duty ratio D1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined duty ratio D0, the on-time Ton of the negative-phase PWM control signal NP1 together with the off-time Toff of the normal-phase PWM control signal PP1 effectively performs synchronous rectification. Is set to a certain time possible. Therefore, the motor control device 1 according to the present embodiment can effectively perform synchronous rectification even when the target duty ratio D1 increases. As a result, even when the target duty ratio D1 is high, the loss of the switch element due to the PWM control can be reduced.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the present embodiment, two positive phase PWM control signal generation means are provided as the first and second positive phase PWM control signal generation means, but one positive phase PWM control signal generation means is provided. It's okay. The positive phase PWM control signal from one positive phase PWM control signal generation unit may be always selected by the selection unit 62.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Motor control apparatus 10 Rotation sensor 20 Current sensor 30 Inverter circuit 31 Half bridge circuit 32 Half bridge circuit 33 Half bridge circuit 31a Switch element 31b Switch element 32a Switch element 32b Switch element 33a Switch element 33b Switch element 40 Control signal generation means 41 Target Duty ratio determining means 42 Duty ratio memory 43 Duty ratio comparing means 44 Divisor value calculating means 45 First timer (carrier cycle setting means)
46 Initial value setting means 47 Second timer (off time setting means)
51 First positive phase PWM control signal generation means 52 Second positive phase PWM control signal generation means 53 Reverse phase PWM control signal generation means 60 Current value detection means 61 Current value memory 62 Selection means 63 Rotation angle detection means 64 Energization signal Generation means 65 Delay means 100 Motor device 500 PWM control signal generation means M Brushless motor U U phase electrical winding V V phase electrical winding W W phase electrical winding C Capacitor B Battery A Accelerator operating means D Body diode

Claims (7)

In a motor control device that supplies current to a motor for a motor of an electric vehicle by PWM control,
A plurality of half-bridge circuits comprising a high-side switch element connected to a DC power source and a low-side switch element connected to ground, and the current from the DC power source is turned on and off by the high-side or low-side switch element. An inverter circuit for supplying to the motor;
Current detection means for detecting a current value of a current supplied from the DC power source to the motor and outputting a current value signal corresponding to the current value;
Control signal generating means for supplying a control signal to the high-side or low-side switch element provided in each half-bridge circuit,
The control signal generating means
Positive phase PWM control signal generating means for generating a positive phase PWM control signal;
Based on the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive phase PWM control signal generating means, a negative phase PWM control signal generating means for generating a negative phase PWM control signal that is an inverted signal with respect to the positive phase PWM control signal;
A current value memory in which a predetermined current threshold value is stored;
The current threshold value stored in the current value memory is compared with the current value signal supplied from the current detection means. When the current value signal is less than the current threshold value, the regenerative current generated in the motor is In order to prevent regeneration by the DC power supply, only the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive phase PWM control signal generating means is selected and output, and the current value signal is equal to or greater than the current threshold value. The selection means for alternately selecting and outputting the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive phase PWM control signal generation means and the negative phase PWM control signal supplied from the negative phase PWM control signal generation means And
When the current value signal is less than the current threshold value, the control signal generation unit does not supply the reverse-phase PWM control signal to the half-bridge circuit.   The motor control device according to claim 1, wherein the control signal generation unit includes a delay unit that delays a rising signal of the normal phase and reverse phase PWM control signals output from the selection unit.   When the target duty ratio signal is less than a predetermined duty ratio, the positive phase PWM control signal generating means turns on / off at a predetermined first count time and responds to an increase in the target duty ratio signal. When the target duty ratio signal is equal to or higher than a predetermined duty ratio, the first duty ratio signal is turned off during a third count time that increases in response to a decrease in the target duty ratio signal. The first off time, which is equal to or longer than a carrier cycle, increases in response to an increase in the target duty ratio signal, and turns on / off in a second count time that decreases in response to a decrease in the target duty ratio signal. The positive-phase PWM control signal that is in the following and is in an OFF state during a predetermined fourth count time is generated. The motor control device according. In a motor control device that supplies current to a motor for a motor of an electric vehicle by PWM control,
A plurality of half-bridge circuits comprising a high-side switch element connected to a DC power source and a low-side switch element connected to ground, and the current from the DC power source is turned on and off by the high-side or low-side switch element. An inverter circuit for supplying to the motor;
Current detection means for detecting a current value of a current supplied from the DC power source to the motor and outputting a current value signal corresponding to the current value;
Control signal generating means for supplying a control signal to the high-side or low-side switch element provided in each half-bridge circuit,
The control signal generating means
First and second positive phase PWM control signal generating means for generating a positive phase PWM control signal;
Based on the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive phase PWM control signal generating means, a negative phase PWM control signal generating means for generating a negative phase PWM control signal that is an inverted signal with respect to the positive phase PWM control signal;
A current value memory in which a predetermined current threshold value is stored;
The current threshold value stored in the current value memory is compared with the current value signal supplied from the current detection means. When the current value signal is less than the current threshold value, the regenerative current generated in the motor is In order to prevent the DC power source from being regenerated, the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the first positive phase PWM control signal generating means is selected and output, and the current value signal is equal to or greater than the current threshold value. If so, the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the second positive phase PWM control signal generation means and the negative phase PWM control signal supplied from the negative phase PWM control signal generation means are selected and output. A motor control device comprising: a selection unit.   5. The motor control device according to claim 4, wherein the control signal generation unit includes a delay unit that delays a rising signal of the normal phase and reverse phase PWM control signals output from the selection unit.   When the target duty ratio signal is less than a predetermined duty ratio, the first and second positive phase PWM control signal generating means turn on and off at a predetermined first count time, and the target duty ratio signal When the target duty ratio signal is equal to or higher than a predetermined duty ratio, the third duty period decreases in response to an increase in the target duty ratio signal and increases in response to a decrease in the target duty ratio signal. , And is turned on / off at a second count time that is equal to or greater than the first carrier period, increases in response to an increase in the target duty ratio signal, and decreases in response to a decrease in the target duty ratio signal, A positive phase PWM control signal that is equal to or shorter than the first off time and is in an off state during a predetermined fourth count time is generated. The motor control device according to claim 5. In a motor control device that supplies current to a motor for a motor of an electric vehicle by PWM control,
A plurality of half-bridge circuits comprising a high-side switch element connected to a DC power source and a low-side switch element connected to ground, and the current from the DC power source is turned on and off by the high-side or low-side switch element. An inverter circuit for supplying to the motor;
Current detection means for detecting a current value of a current supplied from the DC power source to the motor and outputting a current value signal corresponding to the current value;
A positive phase PWM control signal is supplied to one of the high-side or low-side switch elements provided in each half-bridge circuit, and the high-side provided in each half-bridge circuit. Or a control signal generating means for supplying a reverse-phase PWM control signal to the other switch element selected from the low-side switch elements,
The control signal generating means
When the target duty ratio signal is less than the predetermined duty ratio, the first count time set in advance is repeatedly measured, and when the target duty ratio signal is greater than or equal to the predetermined duty ratio, Carrier cycle setting for repeatedly measuring a second count time that is equal to or longer than the first count time, increases in response to an increase in the target duty ratio signal, and decreases in response to a decrease in the target duty ratio signal Means,
When the target duty ratio signal is less than the predetermined duty ratio, a third count that decreases in response to an increase in the target duty ratio signal and increases in response to a decrease in the target duty ratio signal When the carrier period setting means starts measuring the time approximately at the same time as the measurement of the first or second count time, and the target duty ratio signal is equal to or greater than the predetermined duty ratio, The measurement of the fourth count time that is not more than the third count time and that is set in advance is started substantially simultaneously with the start of the measurement of the first or second count time by the carrier cycle setting means. When the third or fourth count time is being measured, the first notification signal is output, and after the measurement of the third or fourth count time is completed, the second notification signal is output. And off-time setting means for outputting a notification signal,
A positive phase PWM control signal that is turned off when the first notification signal is supplied from the off time setting means and is turned on when the second notification signal is supplied from the off time setting means. First and second positive phase PWM control signal generating means for generating;
A negative phase PWM control signal generating means for generating a negative phase PWM control signal which is an inverted signal with respect to the positive phase PWM control signal based on the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the positive first phase PWM control signal generating means; ,
A current value memory in which a predetermined current threshold value is stored;
The current threshold value stored in the current value memory is compared with the current value signal supplied from the current detection means. When the current value signal is less than the current threshold value, the regenerative current generated in the motor is In order to prevent the DC power source from being regenerated, the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the first positive phase PWM control signal generation unit is selected and output, and the current value signal is the current threshold value. If it is above, the positive phase PWM control signal supplied from the second positive phase PWM control signal generation means and the negative phase PWM control signal supplied from the negative phase PWM control signal generation means are selected. A selection means for outputting;
A motor control device comprising delay means for delaying rising signals of the normal phase and negative phase PWM control signals output from the selection means.

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