JP5711566B2 - Ethanol production method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing high-concentration ethanol from a cellulose-containing raw material and a sugar-containing liquid.

In recent years, attempts to efficiently produce ethanol from plant biomass and use it as energy and chemical raw materials have been promoted domestically and internationally as measures to prevent global warming. As plant biomass, a method of producing ethanol using cellulosic biomass that does not compete with food supply has attracted attention.
As a method for producing ethanol from cellulosic biomass, first, after pretreatment of cellulosic biomass, saccharification is performed by an enzyme to obtain sugar, and the obtained sugar is ethanol-fermented to produce ethanol. Is generally used (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
On the other hand, ethanol production using a sugar-containing liquid as a raw material has been performed for a long time, and examples thereof include ethanol production using molasses (waste molasses) in a sugar factory as a raw material.

  In recent years, a system that combines ethanol production from a cellulosic biomass and a sugar-containing liquid has been proposed with the improvement of the ethanol production technology from the cellulosic biomass as described above. For example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 were manufactured using ethanol manufactured using molasses, which is a sugar-containing liquid as shown in FIG. 1, and bagasse (residue after sugarcane juice), which is a cellulosic biomass. An ethanol production method in which ethanol is distilled together is disclosed.

JP 2005-168335 A JP 2009-022165 A

"Survey report of 2004, Molasses bagasse ethanol production model project feasibility study in sugar factory" edited by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization “Operational Report from Tai RoongRuning Energy Co., Ltd., Ugrit Asadarn” Thai Sugar Industry Department homepage, http: // oldweb. ocsb. go. th / uploads% 5Ccontents% 5C4% 5Catchachfiles% 5CTRE% 20Presentation% 204-06-09-1. pdf

When enzymatic saccharification is carried out using the above cellulose-based biomass as a raw material, if the insoluble solid content concentration in the saccharification tank is too high, the saccharification efficiency is lowered and the sugar yield after saccharification is reduced. For this reason, it is common practice to adjust the concentration of insoluble solids in the saccharification tank by introducing a diluent before the saccharification treatment. In this case, however, there is a problem that a large amount of diluent is required.
On the other hand, when ethanol fermentation is performed using a sugar-containing liquid as a raw material, if the charged sugar concentration is too high, the ethanol concentration in the fermenter during the fermentation process becomes too high, and the high concentration of ethanol depends on the yeast in the fermenter. The ethanol fermentation itself is inhibited, and the ethanol yield after fermentation is reduced. For example, when the sugar-containing liquid is molasses generally having about 50% by mass of sugar, the ethanol concentration in the fermenter during the fermentation process becomes too high at a sugar concentration of 50% by mass. Therefore, depending on the type of sugar-containing liquid, it is generally performed to adjust the sugar concentration in the fermenter by adding a diluent before fermentation treatment, but in that case, a problem that a large amount of diluent is required was there.

  Furthermore, when the diluted solution is added before the saccharification treatment or the fermentation treatment as described above, the ethanol concentration in the obtained fermentation solution decreases, and is necessary when the fermentation solution is distilled to produce a high concentration ethanol solution. There is also a problem that the amount of energy increases. Further, there is a problem that the amount of waste water discharged from ethanol production increases.

Moreover, in the ethanol manufacturing method described in the said nonpatent literature 1-2, although the fermentation liquid derived from molasses and the fermentation liquid derived from bagasse are mixed and a distillation process is performed at once, saccharification and fermentation from cellulosic biomass are performed. And fermentation from a sugar containing liquid is performed in a separate tank, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to add a diluent to each tank, and the problem of requiring a large amount of diluent has not been solved.
Fermentation of a sugar-containing liquid is performed by adding a diluent so as not to exceed the ethanol tolerance concentration of microorganisms used for fermentation. In the case of saccharification and fermentation of cellulose, saccharification is performed by adjusting the solid concentration as described above. Diluent is also added for the purpose of efficiently performing. Therefore, the ethanol in the saccharification and fermentation broth of cellulose is lower than the ethanol tolerance concentration of the microorganism used for fermentation, and lower than the ethanol concentration of the sugar-containing liquid fermentation broth that is normally performed.
In the distillation step, a mixture of both fermentation broths is supplied. As a result, the ethanol concentration in the mixed solution is significantly lower than the resistance concentration of microorganisms.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said situation, Comprising: It aims at provision of the ethanol manufacturing method which can manufacture high concentration ethanol efficiently from a cellulose containing raw material and a sugar containing liquid.

  As a result of diligent research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that a cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar solution obtained by saccharifying a cellulose-containing raw material, or a cellulose obtained by subjecting the cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar solution to ethanol fermentation It is found that by adding any one of the raw material-derived fermentation broths at the time of ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid, high-concentration ethanol can be efficiently produced from the cellulose-containing raw material and the sugar-containing liquid. Completed the invention.

That is, the present invention
(1) An ethanol production method for obtaining ethanol by adding a cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid to a sugar-containing liquid and then ethanol-fermenting them, wherein the sugar-containing liquid is a squeezed juice of a crop containing water-soluble sugars , Molasses, and one or more selected from the group consisting of cereal enzyme-treated products, and the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid is a cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid obtained by saccharifying a cellulose-containing raw material, or the cellulose A method for producing ethanol, characterized in that it is any one of cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquor obtained by ethanol fermentation of a sugar-containing raw material-derived sugar solution,
(2) The method for producing ethanol according to (1), wherein the sugar concentration in the fermenter for ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid is 25% by mass or less,
(3) The ethanol production method according to (1) or (2), wherein the ethanol concentration obtained after ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid is 12% by mass or less,
(4) Any of (1) to (3) , wherein the saccharification step and the fermentation step of the cellulose-containing raw material when obtaining the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid are performed in the same reaction tank. Ethanol production method,
(5) The cellulose-containing material is at least one selected from the group consisting of bagasse, rice straw, straw, rice husk, wheat husk, cassava residue, and corn stover, and the cereal enzyme-treated product is rice, wheat A starch saccharified solution obtained by saccharifying one or more selected from the group consisting of cassava and corn, (1) to (4) any ethanol production method,
(6) The method for producing ethanol according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the cellulose-containing raw material is bagasse, and the sugar-containing liquid is a squeezed juice or molasses of a crop containing a water-soluble sugar.
Is to provide.

In the ethanol production method of the present invention, ethanol fermentation from a cellulose-containing raw material can be performed by using a cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid instead of conventional water or the like as a part of a dilution liquid when ethanol-fermenting a sugar-containing liquid. Since the amount of the diluent used can be reduced as compared with the case where ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid is carried out independently, cost reduction and efficiency improvement can be achieved, and high-concentration ethanol can be obtained after fermentation.
Moreover, according to the ethanol production method of the present invention, since ethanol in the obtained fermentation broth has a high concentration, the energy for distilling the ethanol fermentation broth can be reduced.

It is a flowchart which shows the conventional ethanol manufacturing method using bagasse and molasses. It is a figure which shows the calculation method for determining the amount of sugar containing liquid, a cellulose containing raw material origin sugar liquid, and dilution liquid in case ethanol target concentration after fermentation (microbe ethanol tolerance upper limit density | concentration) is 12%. It is a flowchart which shows the control concept for determining the sugar containing liquid, the cellulose containing raw material origin sugar liquid, and the amount of dilution liquids in case the ethanol target concentration after fermentation (microbe ethanol tolerance upper limit density | concentration) is 12%. It is a figure which shows the calculation method for determining the amount of sugar containing liquid, a cellulose containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid, and a dilution liquid in case ethanol target concentration after fermentation (microbe ethanol tolerance upper limit density | concentration) is 12%. It is a flowchart which shows the control concept for determining the amount of sugar containing liquid, a cellulose containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid, and dilution liquid when ethanol target density | concentration after fermentation (microbe ethanol tolerance upper limit density | concentration) is 12%. It is a flowchart which shows the ethanol manufacturing method of this invention using the bagasse origin sugar liquid and molasses (sugar containing liquid) in case ethanol target density | concentration after fermentation (microbial ethanol tolerance upper limit density | concentration) is 10%. It is a flowchart which shows the ethanol manufacturing method of this invention using the bagasse origin fermentation liquid and molasses (sugar containing liquid) in case ethanol target concentration after fermentation (microbe ethanol tolerance upper limit density | concentration) is 10%.

  The ethanol production method of the present invention is an ethanol production method in which a cellulose-containing raw material treatment solution is added to a sugar-containing solution and then ethanol-fermented to obtain ethanol.

(Sugar-containing liquid)
In the present invention, the sugar-containing liquid is a monosaccharide such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, sorbose, allose, talose, gulose, altrose, idose, xylose, arabinose, ribose, lyxose, or the minimum unit of these monosaccharides. One or more selected from the group consisting of sucrose, trehalose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, raffinose, cellulosic juices such as cellophylose, cellulosic juice, molasses, and cereal enzyme-treated products It is.
Examples of crops containing water-soluble saccharides include cane juice, beet juice, sorghum juice and the like.
Examples of cereals include rice, wheat, cassava, corn, millet, millet, and millet.
The method for enzyme-treating cereals is not particularly limited, and can be performed, for example, by bringing an enzyme such as amylase into contact with cereals. In the present invention, since the starch content is high and the production amount is large, a starch saccharified solution obtained by saccharifying one or more selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, cassava and corn is preferable. .
The squeezed juice, molasses, or cereal enzyme-treated product containing water-soluble saccharides may be used as it is, or after desalting or sterilization. Here, the method of desalting treatment and sterilization treatment is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a known method.

  In the present invention, the sugar-containing liquid is preferably a liquid containing 5% by mass or more of sugar, more preferably a liquid containing 10% by mass or more of sugar, and a liquid containing 15% by mass or more of sugar. More preferably, it is particularly preferably a liquid containing 20% by mass or more of sugar.

(Cellulose-containing raw material treatment solution)
In the present invention, the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid is a cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid obtained by saccharifying a cellulose-containing raw material, or a cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid obtained by ethanol fermentation of the cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid, One of them.
The cellulose-containing raw material is not particularly limited as long as it contains cellulose. It may be herbaceous biomass, woody biomass, or other biomass containing cellulose. Also good. The cellulose-containing raw material may be cultivated crops such as rice, wheat, corn, sugar cane, sugar beet, hemp, cotton, sorghum, Elianthus, cassava, etc. It is preferable that the content is relatively large. Specifically, agricultural residue such as rice straw, straw, rice husk, wheat husk, corn stover, bagasse, coconut shell, cassava residue (residue of cassava after starch recovery), forestry residue such as bamboo, wood chips, thinned wood, Examples include used paper and used clothes. Among them, soft cellulose-based biomass such as herbaceous biomass is preferable, and since it is inexpensive and available in large quantities, it can be used for grain residues such as bagasse, rice straw, straw, rice husk, wheat husk, cassava residue, and corn stover. More preferably. In the present invention, among these cellulose-containing raw materials, only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used.

  The cellulose-containing raw material in the present invention is particularly preferably a raw material obtained in the same industrial field as the sugar-containing liquid to be used, and more preferably obtained from the same food factory or the like as the sugar-containing liquid. preferable. When the cellulose-containing raw material and the sugar-containing liquid can be procured from the same factory, farmland, etc., the ethanol production method of the present invention is carried out in a plant constructed in the vicinity of the factory, etc. Costs for transporting raw materials and sugar-containing liquids can be reduced.

Specifically, when bagasse obtained from a sugar factory is a cellulose-containing raw material and molasses is a sugar-containing liquid; rice straw or rice husk obtained in the field of rice or rice processing factory is a cellulose-containing raw material, for some reason When the enzyme-treated product of rice to be discarded is used as a sugar-containing solution; straw or wheat husk obtained at a wheat processing plant is used as a cellulose-containing raw material, and the enzyme-treated product of wheat that is discarded for some reason is used as a sugar-containing solution When the starch production residue (cassava residue) obtained at the cassava starch factory is the cellulose raw material content, and when the cassava enzyme-treated product discarded for some reason is used as the sugar-containing liquid; the corn stover obtained at the corn processing factory When using corn enzyme-treated product as a sugar-containing liquid for cellulose-containing raw materials When sugarcane is used as the raw material containing cellulose, and sugar cane juice obtained by squeezing sugarcane that is discarded for some reason is used as the sugar-containing liquid; sugar beet residue obtained at the sugar factory is used as the raw material containing cellulose , When squeezed sugar beet (sugar radish) that is discarded for some reason is used as a sugar-containing solution; sorghum that is obtained at a sugar factory using sorghum residue as a cellulose-containing raw material and is discarded for any reason When the squeezed juice (sorghum juice) squeezed is used as a sugar-containing solution, is preferable.
Especially, when bagasse and the squeezed juice or molasses of a crop are used, since the process of carrying out the enzyme treatment of cereal is unnecessary, it is especially preferable.

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that a cellulose containing raw material is pre-processed by the pre-processing process.
The method for pretreating the cellulose-containing raw material is not particularly limited as long as it can improve the saccharification efficiency in the subsequent saccharification step by applying to the cellulose-containing raw material, for example, shredding treatment, In addition, it is preferable to use one or a combination of two or more selected from a treatment method comprising hydrothermal treatment.

  The shredding method is not particularly limited, and can be performed using a known apparatus or the like. For example, the shredding process can be performed to a size of 1 to 20 mm, more preferably 1 to 5 mm. .

The method of hydrothermal treatment is not particularly limited, and can be performed using a known apparatus or the like.
The conditions for the hydrothermal treatment are not particularly limited, but are preferably 160 to 250 ° C. saturated steam, more preferably 170 to 220 ° C. saturated steam, and the pressure is specifically 0.7 to 2.3 MPaG. It is preferable to perform hydrothermal treatment. The hydrothermal treatment is preferably performed for 3 to 120 minutes, more preferably 5 to 30 minutes. By performing the hydrothermal treatment under the preferable conditions as described above, the excessive decomposition of the cellulose-containing raw material can be reduced.

  Further, instead of or in combination with the above shredding treatment, hydrothermal treatment, known pretreatments such as coarse pulverization treatment, fine pulverization treatment, alkali treatment, microbial treatment, sulfuric acid treatment, thermal softening treatment, solvolysis treatment, etc. It can also be done.

  Furthermore, it is also preferable to perform a defibrating process instead of the above process or in combination with the above process. The method of the defibrating treatment is not particularly limited. For example, a pulp disintegrator usually used in the paper industry, specifically, a low concentration (solid content concentration of less than 6% by mass) pulper, a medium concentration (solid content concentration). 6-10 mass%) pulper, high concentration (solid content concentration 10-30 mass%) pulper, etc. can be used. More preferably, the defibrating treatment is performed after the hydrothermal treatment.

  In addition, the cellulose-containing raw material treated as described above may be adjusted in the proportion of the liquid component using a known concentrator such as a centrifugal dehydration type or a belt concentration type, if necessary.

-Cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid The cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid in the present invention is a cellulose-containing raw material or a pretreated cellulose-containing raw material (hereinafter referred to as "pretreated product") that has been pretreated as described above. Is obtained by saccharification.
The method for performing saccharification is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a known and commonly used method. For example, a saccharide solution obtained by saccharifying cellulose or hemicellulose can be obtained by adding a saccharifying enzyme such as cellulase to the cellulose-containing raw material or pre-treated product obtained as described above. The saccharifying enzyme may be a known and commonly used one, and may be derived from Trichoderma reesei or from Acremonium cellulolyticus.
When the insoluble solid content concentration of the cellulose-containing raw material used for saccharification is too high, the saccharification efficiency is lowered as described above, and therefore the insoluble solid content concentration is preferably 25% by mass or less. The method for setting the insoluble solid content concentration of the cellulose-containing raw material within the above range is not particularly limited, but for example, a diluent can be added to the cellulose-containing raw material or the pretreated product as necessary. Here, water is preferable as the diluent.

In addition, the saccharification of the cellulose-containing raw material or pretreated product may be performed by saccharifying the entire amount at once, or after saccharifying only a part of the amount, the remaining cellulose-containing raw material or pretreated product may be saccharified. Depending on the method, saccharification may be performed in two or more stages. Since the cellulose-containing raw material or pretreatment product in the initial stage of saccharification has a high solid content concentration, the power required for stirring in the saccharification tank is increased only in the initial stage of saccharification. Therefore, after the saccharification of a certain amount in a tank having a high stirring power for only several hours, for example, 1 to 5 hours, in the initial stage of saccharification, the remaining cellulose-containing raw material or pre-treated product in another tank It is preferable to carry out saccharification. Thus, saccharification can be performed efficiently by performing saccharification in two or more stages.
It is also possible to use a fed-batch method in which the raw material is gradually added as the saccharification progresses without adding the total amount of the cellulose-containing raw material in the early stage of saccharification. According to this method, the initial concentration of solids in the tank is low, and as the solids concentration decreases as saccharification progresses, new solids are added, so there is an advantage that the solids concentration in the tank can always be kept low. is there.

-Cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid The cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid in the present invention is obtained by ethanol fermentation of the cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid.

The method for subjecting the cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar solution to ethanol fermentation is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a method usually used for ethanol fermentation of the sugar solution. For example, a cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid can be obtained by adding a known microorganism having ethanol fermentation ability to a cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid in an ethanol fermentation tank.
Examples of the microorganism having ethanol fermentation ability include yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, specifically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
When the sugar solution in the ethanol fermenter is too high when ethanol-fermenting the cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar solution, the ethanol concentration in the fermenter during the fermentation process becomes too high as described above, and the ethanol in the fermenter The ethanol fermentation by yeast is inhibited, and the ethanol yield per unit sugar amount is reduced. Therefore, the sugar concentration in the ethanol fermenter is preferably 25% by mass or less, more preferably 22% by mass or less, and most preferably 20% by mass or less.
The method of setting the sugar concentration in the ethanol fermenter within the above range is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by a method such as adding a diluent. As the diluent, water is preferred.
The cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid in the present invention may contain a small amount of unfermented sugar.

  In recent years, a method of simultaneously performing saccharification and fermentation has been used from the viewpoint of simplifying the production process and improving efficiency. The saccharification treatment of the cellulose-containing raw material and the ethanol fermentation treatment may be performed independently in separate tanks, or may be performed simultaneously in the same tank.

(Ethanol fermentation of sugar-containing liquid)
The amount of the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid added to the sugar-containing liquid before ethanol fermentation is not particularly limited, but the addition amount is determined so that the ethanol concentration in the fermentation liquid is 12% by mass or less. It is preferable to determine the addition amount so that the ethanol concentration is 10% by mass or less. In addition, when only the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid is added, a dilution liquid can be further added if the ethanol concentration is not satisfied.

Specifically, the amounts of the sugar-containing liquid and the cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid in which the ethanol concentration in the fermentation liquid is 12% by mass or less are shown by, for example, the calculation method shown in FIG. 2 and the flowchart of FIG. It can be determined by the control concept. Moreover, the amount of the sugar-containing liquid and the cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid in which the ethanol concentration in the fermentation liquid is 12% by mass or less depends on, for example, the calculation method shown in FIG. 4 and the control concept shown in the flowchart of FIG. Can be determined.
2-5, A is a cellulose raw material processing solution (FIGS. 2-3 is a sugar solution, FIGS. 4-5 are fermentation solutions), xa is the sugar concentration in a cellulose raw material processing solution, ya is a cellulose raw material processing solution. The ethanol concentration in the medium, D the total amount in the fermenter, xb the sugar concentration in the sugar-containing liquid, and C the amount of dilution to be added. In addition, in FIGS. 2-5, the conversion coefficient (ratio) from saccharide | sugar to ethanol was 51 mass%.

  In the present invention, the method for ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid and the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a method usually used for ethanol fermentation of the sugar liquid. For example, a fermentation liquid containing ethanol can be obtained by adding a known microorganism having ethanol fermentation ability to a sugar solution and subjecting the sugar solution to ethanol fermentation. Examples of the microorganism having ethanol fermentation ability include the same microorganisms as described above. In addition, when adding and diluting a cellulose containing raw material origin fermentation liquid to a sugar containing liquid, there exists an effect which suppresses miscellaneous bacteria propagation in a sugar containing liquid fermentation process by ethanol to contain.

  The fermentation broth containing ethanol obtained by the above ethanol fermentation is usually put to practical use through steps such as distillation and purification, but the fermentation broth obtained by the ethanol production method of the present invention has a high ethanol concentration. The energy in the distillation process can be reduced, and ethanol with high purity can be obtained more efficiently.

6 to 7 show specific examples of the ethanol production method of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a specific example using a cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid as the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid, and FIG. 7 is a specific example using a cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid as the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid. The amounts of molasses and bagasse used in FIGS. 6 to 7 are the same as those in the conventional ethanol production method of FIG. 1, and the post-fermentation ethanol target concentration in FIG. 1, FIG. 6 and FIG. (Concentration) is 10% in all cases.
Comparing FIGS. 6 to 7 with FIG. 1, in the conventional method (FIG. 1), the total amount of diluent used is 1.95 million tons / year, whereas in the present invention (FIGS. 6 to 7), 1.1 million. Ton / year.
In the conventional method, the ethanol concentration in the obtained fermentation broth is 7.3% by mass, whereas in the present invention, the ethanol concentration is improved to 10% by mass. Therefore, in this invention, the energy required for distillation when obtaining product ethanol (ethanol of about 100% purity) can be reduced.
Thus, according to the ethanol production method of the present invention, the amount of the diluted solution to be added can be reduced, and the ethanol concentration in the obtained fermentation broth can be increased.

In addition, in the ethanol production method of the present invention, using a “sugar concentration measuring means” and an “ethanol concentration, sugar concentration measuring means” as shown in FIGS. Measurement of sugar concentration in the liquid containing, measurement of sugar and ethanol concentration in the fermented liquid derived from the cellulose-containing raw material, and using the measured values and the like, the sugar used according to the control concept and formulas shown in FIGS. It is preferable to determine the amount of the liquid processing solution and the amount of the diluent.
Further, in FIG. 7, the ethanol concentration in the cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid is measured by “ethanol concentration, sugar concentration measuring means”, and the amount of the cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid added to the sugar-containing liquid is determined. If the cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid becomes surplus in the production line due to a high ethanol concentration in the raw material-derived fermentation liquid, the fermentation liquid may be directly distilled without being added to the sugar-containing liquid. Is possible.

  EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated further in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example.

<< Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-2 >>
The ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth after fermentation when ethanol was produced using bagasse as the cellulose-containing raw material and molasses as the sugar-containing liquid was examined.

[Experimental Example 1 Preparation of Yeast Culture Solution]
A medium consisting of 10 g / L of yeast extract, 20 g / L of peptone, and 20 g / L of glucose was sterilized by a conventional method, then inoculated with the present strain, and aerobically cultured at 35 ° C. for 1 day. The culture solution was used as it was for molasses fermentation and bagasse fermentation.

[Experimental Example 2 Preparation of Enzyme Solution]
Crystalline cellulose 50 g / L, cornstay precursor 10 g / L, ammonium sulfate 5 g / L, urea 3 g / L, magnesium sulfate 1.2 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12 g / L, zinc sulfate 10 mg / L, manganese sulfate A medium (pH 4.0) composed of 10 mg / L and copper sulfate 10 mg / L was sterilized by a conventional method, then inoculated with the present strain, and cultured aerobically at 30 ° C. for 7 days. The obtained culture broth was used as it was for bagasse saccharification.

[Example 1]
(Bagasse saccharification)
As the enzymatic saccharification pretreatment, hydrothermal treatment of bagasse, which is a cellulose-containing raw material, was performed. For the hydrothermal treatment, a small pressure vessel (steam gun) having a biomass input port, a reactant discharge port, and a water vapor supply port was used. Bagasse 100g (water content 20% by mass) was put into a steam gun and sealed, and steam was supplied to heat to 220 ° C. After maintaining this state for 10 minutes, the outlet was opened and the bagasse was taken out. The total amount of discharge was 140 g, and the water content was 60% by mass. This was directly used for enzymatic saccharification or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
Hydrothermally treated bagasse 25 g (wet base, moisture 60 mass%) was placed in a sterilized 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 6.7 g of enzyme solution and 18.3 g of sterilized water were added, and a hydrothermal bagasse 20 mass% slurry was prepared. (Total amount 50 g). The Erlenmeyer flask was shaken at 50 rpm for 96 hours in a shaking incubator (NX-25D manufactured by Nisshinri Kagaku Co., Ltd .; all of the shaking machines were the same type) installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator. Saccharification was performed. The total amount after saccharification was 50 g.

(Molasses fermentation)
18 g of molasses (sugar concentration 50 mass%) is put in a sterilized Erlenmeyer flask, and 4.4 g of the yeast culture solution of Experimental Example 1, 50 g of the bagasse saccharified solution, and 16.4 g of sterilized water containing 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate are added. The total amount was 88.8 g. This Erlenmeyer flask was subjected to fermentation by shaking at 50 rpm for 48 hours in a shaking incubator installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator. The total amount after fermentation was 80.7 g, and its ethanol concentration was 10% by mass.

[Example 2]
(Bagasse simultaneous saccharification and fermentation)
In the same manner as in Example 1 above, 25 g of bagasse (wet base, 60% by weight of water) hydrothermally treated was placed in a sterilized 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 2.5 g of yeast culture solution, 6.7 g of enzyme solution, and 15.8 g of sterilized water. Was added to prepare 20 mass% slurry of hydrothermal bagasse (total amount 50 g). This Erlenmeyer flask was shaken at 50 rpm for 96 hours in a shaking incubator installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator to perform simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The total amount after simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was 46.4 g, and the ethanol concentration was 7.7% by mass.

(Molasses fermentation)
18 g of molasses (sugar concentration 50 mass%) is put into a sterilized Erlenmeyer flask, and 4.3 g of yeast culture solution, 46.4 g of the above bagasse fermentation solution, and 16.5 g of sterilized water containing 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate are added to give a total amount of 85 .2 g. This Erlenmeyer flask was subjected to fermentation by shaking at 50 rpm for 48 hours in a shaking incubator installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator. The total amount after fermentation was 80.7 g, and its ethanol concentration was 10% by mass.

[Comparative Example 1]
(Bagasse simultaneous saccharification and fermentation)
In the same manner as in Example 1 above, 25 g of bagasse (wet base, 60% by weight of water) subjected to hydrothermal treatment was placed in a sterilized 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 2.5 g of yeast culture solution of Experimental Example 1 and enzyme solution of Experimental Example 2 were used. 6.7 g and 15.8 g of sterilized water were added to prepare a hydrothermally treated bagasse 20 mass% slurry (total amount 50 g). This Erlenmeyer flask was shaken at 50 rpm for 96 hours in a shaking incubator installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator to perform simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The total amount of the fermented liquid after simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was 46.4 g, and the ethanol concentration of the fermented liquid was 7.7% by mass.

(Molasses fermentation)
18 g of molasses (sugar concentration 50 mass%) was put in a sterilized Erlenmeyer flask, and 29.5 g of sterilized water containing 2.5 g of the yeast culture solution of Experimental Example 1 and 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate was added to make the total amount 50 g. This Erlenmeyer flask was subjected to fermentation by shaking at 50 rpm for 48 hours in a shaking incubator installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator. The total amount of the fermented liquid after fermentation was 45.5 g, and the ethanol concentration of the fermented liquid was 10% by mass.
Table 1 shows the ethanol amount and concentration of both fermentation broths.

[Comparative Example 2]
(Bagasse simultaneous saccharification and fermentation)
In the same manner as in Example 1, 25 g of bagasse hydrothermally treated (wet base, 60% by mass of water) was placed in a sterilized 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 2.2 g of yeast culture solution of Experimental Example 1 and 6 enzyme solutions of Experimental Example 2 0.7 g and 10.8 g of sterilized water were added to prepare a 22.4 mass% slurry of hydrothermal bagasse (total amount 44.7 g). This Erlenmeyer flask was shaken at 50 rpm for 96 hours in a shaking incubator installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator to perform simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The total amount after simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was 41.7 g, and the ethanol concentration was 7.3% by mass.

(Molasses fermentation)
18 g of molasses (sugar concentration 50 mass%) was put in a sterilized Erlenmeyer flask, and 24.5 g of sterilized water containing 2.2 g of the yeast culture solution of Experimental Example 1 and 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate was added to make a total amount of 44.7 g. This Erlenmeyer flask was subjected to fermentation by shaking at 50 rpm for 48 hours in a shaking incubator installed in a 35 ° C. constant temperature incubator. The total amount after fermentation was 40.7 g, and the ethanol concentration was 10% by mass.
Table 1 shows the ethanol amount and concentration of both fermentation broths.

First, Comparative Example 1 is an example in which bagasse and molasses were separately fermented, and both fermentation broths were subjected to favorable fermentation conditions (bagasse saccharification and fermentation: slurry concentration of 20 mass% or less, ethanol concentration after fermentation of 10 mass% or less). And molasses saccharification and fermentation: ethanol concentration after fermentation of 10% by mass or less). Therefore, it is considered that the maximum ethanol yield is obtained from the amount of molasses and bagasse charged.
Next, Comparative Example 2 is a process in which bagasse and molasses are separately fermented as in Comparative Example 1, and the amount of diluted water is reduced by 5 g from both steps for the purpose of improving the ethanol concentration. In this case, the ethanol yield in both lines decreased, resulting in a low yield and a low ethanol concentration.
On the other hand, Examples 1-2 according to the present invention are examples in which a sugar-containing liquid-derived fermentation broth is used instead of sterilized water as a diluting liquid while ensuring the conditions under which the above fermentation proceeds well. As a result, the ethanol yield obtained was higher than that of Comparative Example 2, and the ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth obtained was higher than that of Comparative Example 1.
From the above results, it was found that according to the ethanol production method of the present invention, even when the same amounts of molasses and bagasse were used, high-concentration ethanol could be produced efficiently from the cellulose-containing raw material.

≪Reference Example 1≫
The relationship between the ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth and the amount of heat necessary for distillation of ethanol in the fermentation broth was examined by simulation.
Since the amount of energy for distilling the fermentation broth is inversely proportional to the ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth, the amount of energy for concentrating and dehydrating about 5% by mass of ethanol to 99.5% by mass is about 1390 kcal / L-ethanol is obtained, and the energy amount in the case of concentrating and dehydrating about 8% by mass of ethanol to 99.5% by mass is about 930 kcal / L-ethanol.
From the results of the simulation, it can be seen that the higher the ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth obtained by the fermentation process, the lower the amount of heat required for distillation after the fermentation process.

  By using the ethanol production method of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently produce high-concentration ethanol from a cellulose-containing raw material and a sugar-containing liquid. Therefore, the method can be suitably used in the field of ethanol production from biomass.

Claims (6)

An ethanol production method for adding ethanol to a sugar-containing liquid and then fermenting them with ethanol to obtain ethanol,
The sugar-containing liquid is at least one selected from the group consisting of squeezed juice of crops containing water-soluble saccharides, molasses, and an enzyme-treated product of cereals,
The cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid is either a cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid obtained by saccharifying a cellulose-containing raw material or a cellulose-containing raw material-derived fermentation liquid obtained by ethanol fermentation of the cellulose-containing raw material-derived sugar liquid A method for producing ethanol, wherein   The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1, wherein the sugar concentration in the fermenter for ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid is 25% by mass or less.   The ethanol production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an ethanol concentration obtained after ethanol fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid is 12% by mass or less. The ethanol production according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the saccharification step of the cellulose-containing raw material and the fermentation step are performed in the same reaction tank when obtaining the cellulose-containing raw material treatment liquid. Method. The cellulose-containing raw material is at least one selected from the group consisting of bagasse, rice straw, straw, rice husk, wheat husk, cassava residue and corn stover;
The cereal enzyme-treated product is a starch saccharified solution obtained by saccharifying one or more selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, cassava and corn. Ethanol production method.   The ethanol production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cellulose-containing raw material is bagasse, and the sugar-containing liquid is a squeezed liquid or molasses of a crop containing a water-soluble saccharide.

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