JP5708944B2 - drill - Google Patents

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JP5708944B2
JP5708944B2 JP2012551036A JP2012551036A JP5708944B2 JP 5708944 B2 JP5708944 B2 JP 5708944B2 JP 2012551036 A JP2012551036 A JP 2012551036A JP 2012551036 A JP2012551036 A JP 2012551036A JP 5708944 B2 JP5708944 B2 JP 5708944B2
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drill
pyramid shape
polygonal pyramid
tip
shape
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JPWO2012091085A1 (en
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康司 千葉
康司 千葉
隆俊 藪田
隆俊 藪田
正幸 中村
正幸 中村
信 吉国
信 吉国
中山　貴司
貴司 中山
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/04—Angles, e.g. cutting angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/08—Side or plan views of cutting edges
    • B23B2251/085—Discontinuous or interrupted cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/18—Configuration of the drill point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/46—Drills having a centre free from cutting edges or with recessed cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2265/00—Details of general geometric configurations
    • B23B2265/32—Polygonal
    • B23B2265/324—Pentagonal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2265/00—Details of general geometric configurations
    • B23B2265/32—Polygonal
    • B23B2265/326—Hexagonal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/02—Twist drills
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/899—Having inversely angled cutting edge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/909—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges
    • Y10T408/9095—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges with axially extending relief channel
    • Y10T408/9097—Spiral channel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Description

本発明は、例えば、機械加工の穴あけに使用されるドリルに関する。   The present invention relates to a drill used, for example, for machining holes.

例えば、機械加工の穴あけに使用されるドリルにおいては、先端部にチゼルエッジが形成されたものが知られている。このチゼルエッジは、すくい角が非常に小さく、且つチップポケットが小さいくさび形状であるため、切れ刃と比較して非常に大きいスラスト荷重が発生する。また、チゼルエッジを有するドリルは、推力に直交する方向へ分力が発生することから、食付き性、求心性が低下する。そこで、このチゼルエッジを短くしてすくい角を付与することにより、中心部からの切り屑の排出性を向上させる技術、いわゆる、シンニングが実施される。しかしながら、シンニングによってチゼルエッジを短くした場合、刃先の剛性が低下する問題がある。また、依然としてチゼルエッジが残るため、ドリルの振動や振れ回りの発生が避けられず、穴の精度に限界がある。   For example, drills used for machining holes are known in which a chisel edge is formed at the tip. Since the chisel edge has a wedge shape with a very small rake angle and a small chip pocket, a very large thrust load is generated as compared with the cutting edge. Moreover, since the drill which has a chisel edge generate | occur | produces a component force in the direction orthogonal to a thrust, biting property and centripetality fall. Therefore, a technique for improving chip dischargeability from the center by so-called thinning is performed by shortening the chisel edge and providing a rake angle. However, when the chisel edge is shortened by thinning, there is a problem that the rigidity of the cutting edge is lowered. Moreover, since the chisel edge still remains, the occurrence of drill vibration and runout is unavoidable, and the accuracy of the hole is limited.

そこで、特許文献１には、ドリルのチゼル位置に円錐形状の凸部をボディと一体に設けることにより、ドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力の発生を抑止する技術が開示されている。しかしながら、このドリルでは、円錐形状の凸部に切刃が形成されていないため、求心性が得られる反面、多大なスラスト荷重が発生して座屈を起こしやすい。また、ドリル先端、すなわち、円錐形状の凸部の頂部から肩口までの距離（先端部長さ）が長くなるため、加工が不安定な領域、すなわち、ドリルの先端部が被加工物に入りきるまでの距離が増大し、穴の精度が低下する。さらに、ドリルの先端部に円錐形状の凸部を追加するので、既存のドリルの研削等により製作することができず、製造コストが増大する。   Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for suppressing the generation of a component force in a direction orthogonal to the thrust of the drill by providing a conical convex portion integrally with the body at the chisel position of the drill. However, in this drill, since the cutting edge is not formed on the conical convex portion, centripetality is obtained, but on the other hand, a great thrust load is generated and it is easy to cause buckling. In addition, since the distance from the top of the drill tip, that is, the top of the cone-shaped convex portion to the shoulder opening (length of the tip portion) becomes long, the region where machining is unstable, that is, until the tip of the drill completely enters the workpiece. Distance increases and the accuracy of the hole decreases. Furthermore, since a conical convex portion is added to the tip of the drill, it cannot be manufactured by grinding an existing drill, and the manufacturing cost increases.

特開２００２−２００５１０号公報JP 2002-200510 A

そこで本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、加工精度が高く、且つ安価なドリルを提供することを課題としてなされたものである。   Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a drill with high machining accuracy and low cost.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明のドリルは、先端部の逃げ面が円錐研削によって再研削される２枚刃のドリルであって、前記先端部の２つの逃げ面間に、頭頂点がドリル中心線上に位置し、前記頭頂点から延びる各辺の前記ドリル中心線に対する傾斜角度がドリルの先端角の１／２の角度よりも大きい多角錐形状を設けることでチゼルエッジを廃止し、前記多角錐形状の各角錐面は、凹形状に形成されることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the drill of the present invention is a two-blade drill in which the flank face of the tip is reground by conical grinding, and the head apex is located between the two flank faces of the tip. A chisel edge is abolished by providing a polygonal pyramid shape that is located on the drill center line and has an inclination angle with respect to the drill center line of each side extending from the head apex is larger than ½ of the tip angle of the drill. Each pyramid surface of the pyramid shape is formed in a concave shape.

（発明の態様）
以下に、本願において特許請求が可能と認識されている発明（以下、請求可能発明と称する）の態様を例示し、例示された各態様について説明する。ここでは、各態様を、特許請求の範囲と同様に、項に区分すると共に各項に番号を付し、必要に応じて他の項の記載を引用する形式で記載する。これは、請求可能発明の理解を容易にするためであり、請求可能発明を構成する構成要素の組み合わせを、以下の各項に記載されたものに限定する趣旨ではない。つまり、請求可能発明は、各項に付随する記載、実施形態の記載等を参酌して解釈されるべきであり、その解釈に従う限りにおいて、各項の態様にさらに他の構成要素を付加した態様も、また、各項の態様から構成要素を削除した態様も、請求可能発明の一態様となり得る。
なお、以下の各項において、（１）〜（３）項の各々が、特許請求の範囲に記載した請求項１〜３の各々に相当する。(Aspect of the Invention)
In the following, aspects of the invention that is recognized as being capable of being claimed in the present application (hereinafter referred to as claimable invention) will be exemplified, and each exemplified aspect will be described. Here, as in the claims, each aspect is divided into paragraphs, numbers are assigned to the respective paragraphs, and the descriptions of other paragraphs are cited as necessary. This is for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the claimable invention, and is not intended to limit the combination of the constituent elements constituting the claimable invention to those described in the following sections. In other words, the claimable invention should be construed in consideration of the description accompanying each section, the description of the embodiment, etc., and as long as the interpretation is followed, another aspect is added to the aspect of each section. Moreover, the aspect which deleted the component from the aspect of each term can also be one aspect of the claimable invention.
In the following items, each of items (1) to (3) corresponds to each of claims 1 to 3 described in the claims.

（１）先端部の逃げ面が円錐研削によって再研削される２枚刃のドリルであって、先端部の２つの逃げ面間に、頭頂点がドリル中心線上に位置し、頭頂点から延びる各辺のドリル中心線に対する傾斜角度がドリルの先端角の１／２の角度よりも大きい多角錐形状を設けることでチゼルエッジを廃止し、多角錐形状の各角錐面は、凹形状に形成されることを特徴とするドリル。
本項に記載のドリルによれば、チゼルエッジを廃止することで、チゼルエッジに起因するドリルの振れ回り、いわゆる、チゼル歩みが解消され、安定した切削が可能になり、穴の精度を向上させることができる。
また、多角錐形状の頭頂点から延びる各辺（以下、単に各辺という）のドリル中心線に対する傾斜角度が、ドリルの先端角の１／２の角度、言い換えると、切刃のドリル中心線に対する傾斜角度よりも大きく形成されているので、標準のドリルと比較して、ドリルの先端（本項の態様では多角錐形状の頭頂点）から肩口までの距離（先端部長さ）が短くなる。これにより、ドリルがより早く安定し、穴の精度を向上させることができる。また、相対的に安価な刃数の少ないドリル（例えば、２枚刃）であっても高い精度の加工が可能であることから、穴の精度を高めるために相対的に高価な刃数の多いドリル（例えば、３枚刃、４枚刃）を採用する必要がないので、加工品の製造コストを削減することができる。さらに、加工条件（ＮＣ装置の加工プログラム）を変更する必要がないので、工数の増大を防ぐことができる。
また、多角錐形状は、既存のドリルの先端部を研削することで形成することができるので、ドリルの製造コストの増大を抑止することができる。さらに、ドリルの研削盤における再研削の条件を再調整する手間が少ないので、再研削の工数の増加を防ぐことができる。
さらに、多角錐形状の各角錐面を凹形状に形成したので、加工中の多角錐形状の各角錐面と被加工物との摩擦を軽減することができ、摩擦による切削温度上昇、延いては、多角錐形状の摩耗を防ぐことができる。
本項の態様において、対象となるドリルに刃数の限定はなく、例えば、２枚刃、３枚刃、４枚刃のドリルに採用することができる。
また、多角錐形状は、例えば、５角錐、６角錐、７角錐等を適宜選択することができる。
また、多角錐形状の頭頂点から延びる各辺のドリル中心線に対する傾斜角度は、ドリルの先端角の１／２の角度＋15°程度とすることが望ましい。例えば、ドリルの先端角が118°である場合、多角錐形状の頭頂点から延びる各辺のドリル中心線に対する傾斜角度は、74°程度に設定することが望ましい。
また、多角錐形状の底面の大きさを、多角錐形状の底面に近似する正多角形が接する円の直径と定義した場合、多角錐形状の底面の大きさは、ドリルの直径の5〜6％とすることが望ましい。例えば、ドリルの直径が10 mmである場合、多角錐形状の底面の大きさは、0.5 〜0.6 mmに設定することが望ましい。
さらに、凹形状は、多角錐形状の各角錐面を曲面によって構成して形成する他、平面によって構成される各角錐面に、頭頂点から放射状に延びる断面がＶ字形状の溝を設けることで形成することができる。この場合、溝は、溝幅が頭頂点から直線的に増加するように形成することができる。
(1) A two-blade drill in which the flank of the tip is reground by conical grinding, and the head vertex is positioned on the drill center line between the two flank of the tip and extends from the head vertex. The chisel edge is abolished by providing a polygonal pyramid shape in which the inclination angle of the side with respect to the drill center line is larger than ½ of the tip angle of the drill, and each pyramid surface of the polygonal pyramid shape is formed in a concave shape A drill characterized by.
According to the drill described in this section, by eliminating the chisel edge, the whirling of the drill caused by the chisel edge, the so-called chisel step is eliminated, stable cutting is possible, and the accuracy of the hole can be improved. it can.
In addition, the inclination angle of each side (hereinafter simply referred to as each side) extending from the top of the polygonal pyramid shape with respect to the drill center line is ½ of the tip angle of the drill, in other words, with respect to the drill center line of the cutting edge. Since it is formed larger than the inclination angle, the distance from the tip of the drill (polypyramidal head apex in the aspect of this section) to the shoulder opening (tip portion length) is shorter than that of a standard drill. Thereby, a drill can be stabilized more quickly and the accuracy of a hole can be improved. Further, since a highly accurate machining is possible even with a relatively inexpensive drill (for example, two blades), the number of relatively expensive blades is large in order to increase the accuracy of the hole. Since it is not necessary to employ a drill (for example, 3 blades, 4 blades), the manufacturing cost of the processed product can be reduced. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to change the machining conditions (NC machine machining program), it is possible to prevent an increase in man-hours.
Moreover, since a polygonal pyramid shape can be formed by grinding the front-end | tip part of the existing drill, the increase in the manufacturing cost of a drill can be suppressed. Furthermore, since there is little effort to readjust the regrind conditions in the drill grinder, it is possible to prevent an increase in the number of regrinding steps.
Furthermore, since each pyramidal surface of the polygonal pyramid shape is formed in a concave shape, friction between each pyramidal surface of the polygonal pyramid shape being processed and the workpiece can be reduced, and the cutting temperature rises due to friction, Polygonal pyramid-shaped wear can be prevented.
In the aspect of this section, there is no limitation on the number of blades in the target drill, and for example, it can be adopted for a two-blade, three-blade, four-blade drill.
In addition, for example, a pentagonal pyramid, a hexagonal pyramid, and a heptagonal pyramid can be appropriately selected as the polygonal pyramid shape.
In addition, it is desirable that the inclination angle of each side extending from the top vertex of the polygonal pyramid shape with respect to the drill center line is approximately ½ of the tip angle of the drill + 15 °. For example, when the tip angle of the drill is 118 °, the inclination angle of each side extending from the top vertex of the polygonal pyramid shape with respect to the drill center line is preferably set to about 74 °.
In addition, when the size of the bottom surface of the polygonal pyramid shape is defined as the diameter of a circle in contact with a regular polygon approximating the bottom surface of the polygonal pyramid shape, the size of the bottom surface of the polygonal pyramid shape is 5 to 6 of the diameter of the drill. % Is desirable. For example, when the diameter of the drill is 10 mm, the size of the bottom surface of the polygonal pyramid shape is preferably set to 0.5 to 0.6 mm.
Furthermore, the concave shape is formed by forming each pyramid surface of a polygonal pyramid shape by a curved surface, and by providing a groove having a V-shaped cross section extending radially from the apex of each pyramid surface constituted by a flat surface. Can be formed. In this case, the groove can be formed so that the groove width increases linearly from the top of the head.

（２）多角錐形状の各辺は、曲線によって形成されることを特徴とする（１）のドリル。
本項に記載のドリルによれば、加工時における多角錐形状の各辺の被加工物との接触長さ、言い換えると、多角錐形状の切刃の長さが、多角錐形状の各辺が直線によって形成される場合と比較して増加するので、負荷が分散されて切刃の切れ味が向上し、先端（多角錐形状）の座屈を抑制することができる。
本項の態様において、多角錐形状の各辺は、例えば、ドリル中心線方向の視線で中央が時計回り方向へ凸となるような曲線によって構成することができる。(2) The drill according to (1), wherein each side of the polygonal pyramid shape is formed by a curve.
According to the drill described in this section, the contact length with the workpiece of each side of the polygonal pyramid shape at the time of machining, in other words, the length of the cutting edge of the polygonal pyramid shape is equal to each side of the polygonal pyramid shape. Since it increases compared with the case where it forms with a straight line, a load is disperse | distributed, the sharpness of a cutting blade improves, and buckling of a front-end | tip (polygonal pyramid shape) can be suppressed.
In the aspect of this section, each side of the polygonal pyramid shape can be constituted by, for example, a curve whose center is convex in the clockwise direction with the line of sight in the drill center line direction.

（３）多角錐形状の頭頂点から延びる辺の数は、奇数であることを特徴とする（１）、（２）のドリル。
本項に記載のドリルによれば、例えば、多角錐形状の頭頂点から延びる辺の数を５辺、すなわち、多角錐形状を５角錐形状とした場合、多角錐形状の１辺に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力を、これに対向する２辺によって受け止めることができる。これは、多角錐形状の１辺に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力を、面によって受け止めることに概ね等しく、多角錐形状の頭頂点から延びる辺の数が偶数（例えば、４辺）、すなわち、多角錐形状の１辺に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力を、これに対向する１辺のみによって受け止める場合と比較して、ドリルの挙動（振動、振れ回り等）がより安定し、穴の精度を向上させることができる。
本項の態様において、多角錐形状の頭頂点から延びる辺の数は、５辺の他、例えば、３辺、７辺等とすることができる。(3) The drill according to (1) or (2), wherein the number of sides extending from the top of the polygonal pyramid is an odd number.
According to the drill described in this section, for example, when the number of sides extending from the top vertex of the polygonal pyramid shape is five sides, that is, when the polygonal pyramid shape is a pentagonal pyramid shape, the drill that acts on one side of the polygonal pyramid shape The component force in the direction perpendicular to the thrust force can be received by the two sides facing this. This is roughly equivalent to receiving a component force in a direction perpendicular to the thrust of the drill acting on one side of the polygonal pyramid shape by the surface, and the number of sides extending from the top vertex of the polygonal pyramid shape is an even number (for example, 4 Compared to the case where the component force in the direction perpendicular to the thrust of the drill acting on one side of the polygonal pyramid shape is received by only one side facing this, the behavior of the drill (vibration, whirling) Etc.) is more stable and the accuracy of the hole can be improved.
In the aspect of this section, the number of sides extending from the apex of the polygonal pyramid shape can be, for example, three sides, seven sides, etc. in addition to the five sides.

本発明によれば、加工精度が高く、且つ安価なドリルを提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an inexpensive drill with high processing accuracy.

標準的な２枚刃のドリルの先端部を、ドリル中心線方向の視線で見た図である。It is the figure which looked at the front-end | tip part of a standard 2-flute drill with the eyes | visual_axis of the drill centerline direction. 第１実施形態における多角錐形状を示す図であり、図１に示されるドリルの先端部のチゼルエッジが形成されている部分に相当する部分を拡大して示す図である。It is a figure which shows the polygonal pyramid shape in 1st Embodiment, and is a figure which expands and shows the part corresponded to the part in which the chisel edge of the front-end | tip part of the drill shown by FIG. 1 is formed. 図２における多角錐形状を、ドリル中心線に対して直交する方向の視線で見た図である。It is the figure which looked at the polygonal pyramid shape in FIG. 2 with the eyes | visual_axis of the direction orthogonal to a drill centerline. 第１実施形態の多角錐形状の仮想底面を示す図であり、特に、加工中に多角錐形状の辺に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the polygonal-pyramidal virtual bottom face of 1st Embodiment, and is a figure which shows the component force to the direction orthogonal to the thrust of the drill which acts on the side of a polygonal pyramid shape in particular during a process. 第１実施形態の作用を説明するための加工中の切削抵抗の試験結果を示す図であり、(a) は標準の２枚刃のドリルの試験結果、(b) は第１実施形態の多角錐形状を備える２枚刃のドリルの試験結果、(c) は標準の３枚刃のドリルの試験結果を示す。It is a figure which shows the test result of the cutting resistance in process for demonstrating the effect | action of 1st Embodiment, (a) is a test result of a standard 2 blade drill, (b) is many of 1st Embodiment. (C) shows the test results of a standard three-flute drill. 第１実施形態の作用を説明するための図であり、第１実施形態の多角錐形状を備える２枚刃のドリルによる加工で得られた切削屑と標準の２枚刃のドリルによる加工で得られた切削屑とを比較するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the effect | action of 1st Embodiment, and it is obtained by the process by the cutting waste obtained by the process by the 2-blade drill provided with the polygonal pyramid shape of 1st Embodiment, and the process by a standard 2-blade drill. It is a figure for comparing with the produced cutting waste. 第１実施形態の他の実施形態であって、２枚刃のドリルに６辺（６角錐）の多角錐形状を採用した場合の図２に対応する図である。It is other embodiment of 1st Embodiment, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 at the time of employ | adopting the polygonal pyramid shape of 6 sides (hexagonal pyramid) for the drill of 2 blades. 第１実施形態の他の実施形態であって、２枚刃のドリルに７辺（７角錐）の多角錐形状を採用した場合の図２に対応する図である。It is other embodiment of 1st Embodiment, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 at the time of employ | adopting the polygonal pyramid shape of 7 sides (seven pyramid) for the drill of 2 blades. 第１実施形態の他の実施形態であって、３枚刃のドリルに５辺（５角錐）の多角錐形状を採用した場合の図２に対応する図である。It is other embodiment of 1st Embodiment, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 at the time of employ | adopting the polygonal pyramid shape of 5 sides (5-pyramid) for a 3 blade drill. 第１実施形態の他の実施形態であって、３枚刃のドリルに６辺（６角錐）の多角錐形状を採用した場合の図２に対応する図である。It is other embodiment of 1st Embodiment, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 at the time of employ | adopting the polygonal pyramid shape of 6 sides (hexagonal pyramid) to a 3 blade drill. 第１実施形態の他の実施形態であって、３枚刃のドリルに７辺（７角錐）の多角錐形状を採用した場合の図２に対応する図である。It is other embodiment of 1st Embodiment, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 at the time of employ | adopting the polygonal pyramid shape of 7 sides (seven pyramid) for the drill of 3 blades. 第２実施形態における多角錐形状を示す図であり、第１実施形態の図４に対応する図である。It is a figure which shows the polygonal pyramid shape in 2nd Embodiment, and is a figure corresponding to FIG. 4 of 1st Embodiment. 第２実施形態における多角錐形状を示す図であり、第１実施形態の図３に対応する図である。It is a figure which shows the polygonal pyramid shape in 2nd Embodiment, and is a figure corresponding to FIG. 3 of 1st Embodiment. 第３実施形態における多角錐形状を示す図であり、第１実施形態の図３に対応する図である。It is a figure which shows the polygonal pyramid shape in 3rd Embodiment, and is a figure corresponding to FIG. 3 of 1st Embodiment. 第３実施形態における多角錐形状の他の実施形態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows other embodiment of the polygonal pyramid shape in 3rd Embodiment.

１ 多角錐形状、２ 先端部、３ 逃げ面、４ 辺、５ 底面、６ 角錐面、７ 切刃 1 polygonal pyramid shape, 2 tip, 3 flank, 4 sides, 5 bottom, 6 pyramid, 7 cutting edge

［第１実施形態］
本発明の第１実施形態を添付した図を参照して説明する。
ここでは、標準的なドリル、すなわち、図１に示されるように、先端部１２の逃げ面１３が円錐研削によって再研削される２枚刃のドリルのチゼルエッジ１１が形成されている部分に、本発明の多角錐形状１を採用した態様を説明する。なお、第１実施形態のドリルは、図１に示される標準的なドリルに対してチゼルエッジ１１が形成されている部分のみが異なり、明細書の記載を簡潔にすることを目的に、この標準的なドリルと異なる部分のみを説明する。[First Embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Here, the book is mounted on a portion where a chisel edge 11 of a standard drill, that is, a two-blade drill in which the flank 13 of the tip 12 is reground by conical grinding, as shown in FIG. The aspect which employ | adopted the polygonal pyramid shape 1 of invention is demonstrated. Note that the drill of the first embodiment is different from the standard drill shown in FIG. 1 only in the portion where the chisel edge 11 is formed, and this standard drill is intended to simplify the description. Only the parts that differ from the simple drill will be explained.

図２は、第１実施形態のドリルの先端部２の、図１に示される標準的なドリルの先端部１２のチゼルエッジ１１が形成されている部分に相当する部分を拡大して示す図であり、また、図３はその部分をドリル中心線に対して直交する方向の視線で見た場合の図である。多角錐形状１は、頭頂点Pを通る中心線がドリル中心線CLに一致する５角錐によって構成される。また、多角錐形状１は、図４に示される底面５（仮想底面）の大きさ、言い換えると、底面５が形成する正５角形が接する円Cの直径Dが、ドリルの直径の5％に設定されている。さらに、多角錐形状１は、頭頂点Pから延びる各辺４のドリル中心線CLに対する傾斜角度θ1が、ドリルの先端角θ0の１／２の角度θ2に対して＋15°だけ大きい角度に設定されている。   FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion corresponding to the portion where the chisel edge 11 of the tip portion 12 of the standard drill shown in FIG. 1 is formed in the tip portion 2 of the drill according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a view when the portion is viewed with a line of sight orthogonal to the drill center line. The polygonal pyramid shape 1 is constituted by a pentagonal pyramid whose center line passing through the head vertex P coincides with the drill center line CL. Further, the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is such that the size of the bottom surface 5 (virtual bottom surface) shown in FIG. 4, in other words, the diameter D of the circle C contacting the regular pentagon formed by the bottom surface 5 is 5% of the diameter of the drill. Is set. Further, in the polygonal pyramid shape 1, the inclination angle θ1 of each side 4 extending from the head apex P with respect to the drill center line CL is set to be larger by + 15 ° than the angle θ2 which is ½ of the drill tip angle θ0. ing.

なお、多角錐形状１は、例えば、図１に示される標準的なドリルの先端部１２をドリル研削盤によって研削することで得ることが可能である。また、多角錐形状１の各辺４、言い換えると、多角錐形状１の各角錐面６をドリル中心線CLの回りにどのように配置するかは、使用するドリルに応じて適宜決定することができる。   The polygonal pyramid shape 1 can be obtained, for example, by grinding the tip 12 of a standard drill shown in FIG. 1 with a drill grinder. Further, how to arrange each side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1, in other words, each pyramid surface 6 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1, around the drill center line CL can be appropriately determined according to the drill to be used. it can.

次に、第１実施形態のドリルの作用を説明する。
図５に、(a):標準の２枚刃のドリル（以下、標準のドリルという）、(b):多角錐形状１を備える第１実施形態の２枚刃のドリル（以下、本発明のドリルという）、及び(c):３枚刃の標準のドリル（以下、３枚刃のドリルという）の加工中の切削抵抗の試験結果を示す。なお、この試験では、直径8 mmのドリルで実施したものであり、同一のマシニングセンタ及び切削油を使用し、深さ8 mmの止まり穴を加工した時のトルク及びスラストを測定した。
また、標準のドリル及び本発明のドリルの加工条件は、切削速度(V)が20 m/min、送り(f)が0.19 mm/revであり、３枚刃のドリルの加工条件は、切削速度(V)が20 m/min、送り(f)が0.28 mm/revである。Next, the operation of the drill according to the first embodiment will be described.
FIG. 5 shows (a): a standard two-blade drill (hereinafter referred to as a standard drill), (b): a two-blade drill according to the first embodiment having a polygonal pyramid shape 1 (hereinafter referred to as the present invention). (Referred to as a drill), and (c): a test result of cutting resistance during processing of a standard drill with three blades (hereinafter referred to as a three-blade drill). In this test, a drill with a diameter of 8 mm was used, and the torque and thrust when a blind hole with a depth of 8 mm was machined using the same machining center and cutting oil were measured.
The processing conditions of the standard drill and the drill of the present invention are a cutting speed (V) of 20 m / min and a feed (f) of 0.19 mm / rev. (V) is 20 m / min and feed (f) is 0.28 mm / rev.

まず、本発明のドリルと標準のドリルとの試験結果を比較する。両者の切削抵抗を比較すると、本発明のドリルは、標準のドリルに対して、加工時におけるトルク及びスラストの立ち上がり、すなわち、加工開始から測定値が安定するまでの時間が短い。これは、本発明のドリルは、多角錐形状１の各辺４のドリル中心線CLに対する傾斜角度θ1が、ドリルの先端角θ0の１／２の角度、言い換えると、切刃７のドリル中心線CLに対する傾斜角度θ2よりも大きく形成されているためであると推察することができる。つまり、本発明のドリルは、標準のドリルと比較して、ドリルの先端（多角錐形状１の頭頂点P）から肩口までの距離（先端部長さ）が短いため、ドリルをより早く安定させることができる。   First, the test results of the drill of the present invention and a standard drill are compared. Comparing both cutting resistances, the drill of the present invention has a shorter torque and thrust rise at the time of machining, that is, the time from the start of machining until the measured value is stabilized, compared to the standard drill. This is because in the drill of the present invention, the inclination angle θ1 with respect to the drill center line CL of each side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is ½ of the tip angle θ0 of the drill, in other words, the drill center line of the cutting edge 7 It can be inferred that this is because it is formed larger than the inclination angle θ2 with respect to CL. In other words, the drill of the present invention stabilizes the drill more quickly because the distance from the tip of the drill (head apex P of the polygonal pyramid shape 1) to the shoulder is shorter than the standard drill. Can do.

また、本発明のドリルは、標準のドリルに対して、全域（加工開始から加工完了までの期間）でトルクの振幅が小さい。つまり、本発明のドリルは、加工中のトルク変動が小さく、振動が小さい円滑な切削が可能である。これは、図６に示される本発明のドリル切削屑８と標準のドリルの切削屑９とを比較することでもわかる。この図に示されるように、本発明のドリル切削屑８には、円錐形状８ａが均一の大きさで且つ一定のピッチで形成されているのに対し、標準のドリルの切削屑９は、円錐形状９ａの大きさ及びピッチがばらついている。さらに、本発明のドリルは、３枚刃のドリルと比較しても、加工中のトルク変動が小さいことがわかる。   Further, the drill of the present invention has a smaller torque amplitude in the entire region (a period from the start of processing to the completion of processing) than a standard drill. That is, the drill of the present invention can perform smooth cutting with less torque fluctuation during processing and less vibration. This can also be seen by comparing the drill cuttings 8 of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 with the cuttings 9 of a standard drill. As shown in this figure, in the drill cutting waste 8 of the present invention, the conical shape 8a is formed with a uniform size and a constant pitch, whereas the cutting waste 9 of a standard drill has a conical shape. The size and pitch of the shape 9a vary. Furthermore, it can be seen that the drill of the present invention has a small torque fluctuation during processing even when compared with a three-blade drill.

また、第１実施形態では、多角錐形状１の頭頂点Pから延びる辺４の数を奇数（第１実施形態では、５辺）としたことにより、図４に示されるように、多角錐形状１の１辺４に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力T1（すべる力）を、これに対向する２辺４に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力T2，T3（受け止める力）よって受け止めることができ、多角錐形状１の頭頂点Pから延びる辺４の数が偶数（例えば、４辺）、すなわち、多角錐形状１の１辺４に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力T1（すべる力）を、これに対向する１辺４のみに作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力（受け止める力）によって受け止める場合と比較して、ドリルの挙動（振動、振れ回り等）がより安定し、穴の精度を向上させることができる。   In the first embodiment, the number of sides 4 extending from the head vertex P of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is an odd number (five sides in the first embodiment). The component force T1 (sliding force) in the direction orthogonal to the thrust of the drill acting on one side 4 of 1 is the component force T2, T3 in the direction orthogonal to the thrust of the drill acting on two sides 4 opposite to this. The number of sides 4 extending from the top vertex P of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is an even number (for example, four sides), that is, the drill thrust acting on one side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1. Compared to the case where the component force T1 (sliding force) in the orthogonal direction is received by the component force (receiving force) in the direction orthogonal to the thrust of the drill acting only on one side 4 facing this, The behavior (vibration, whirling, etc.) is more stable and the accuracy of the hole is improved. be able to.

第１実施形態では以下の効果を奏する。
第１実施形態によれば、先端部１２のチゼルエッジ１１を廃止して、その部分に、頭頂点Pから延びる各辺４のドリル中心線CLに対する傾斜角度θ1が、ドリルの先端角θ0の１／２の角度θ2よりも大きく形成される多角錐形状１を形成したので、チゼルエッジ１１に起因するドリルの振れ回り、いわゆる、チゼル歩みが解消され、安定した切削が可能になり、穴の精度を向上させることができる。
また、標準のドリルと比較して、ドリルの先端（多角錐形状１の頭頂点P）から肩口までの距離（先端部長さ）を短くすることが可能になり、その結果、立ち上がり、言い換えると、加工開始からドリル（切削抵抗）が安定するまでの時間が短縮され、且つ加工の全域に亘ってドリルの振動が小さくなる（挙動が安定している）ので、穴の精度を向上させることができる。
また、多角錐形状１の頭頂点Pから延びる辺４の数を奇数（第１実施形態では、５辺）としたので、多角錐形状１の１辺４に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力T1（すべる力）を、これに対向する２辺４に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力T2，T3（受け止める力）よって受け止めることができ、多角錐形状１の頭頂点Pから延びる辺４の数が偶数（例えば、４辺）、すなわち、多角錐形状１の１辺４に作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力T1（すべる力）を、これに対向する１辺４のみに作用するドリルの推力に直交する方向への分力（受け止める力）によって受け止める場合と比較して、ドリルの挙動（振動、振れ回り等）がより安定し、穴の精度を向上させることができる。
また、安価な２枚刃のドリルであっても高い精度の加工が可能であることから、穴の精度を高めるために比較的高価な刃数が３枚以上のドリルを採用する必要がなく、設備のランニングコストを削減することができる。さらに、加工条件（ＮＣ装置の加工プログラム）を変更する必要がないので、工数の増大を防ぐことができる。
また、多角錐形状１は、既存のドリル（標準のドリル）の先端部を研削盤によって研削することで形成することができるので、実施が容易であると共にコストアップを抑止することができる。さらに、ドリルの研削盤における再研削の条件を再調整する手間が少ないので、再研削の工数の増加を防ぐことができる。The first embodiment has the following effects.
According to the first embodiment, the chisel edge 11 of the tip 12 is abolished, and the inclination angle θ1 with respect to the drill center line CL of each side 4 extending from the head apex P is 1 / of the tip angle θ0 of the drill. Since the polygonal pyramid shape 1 formed larger than the angle θ2 of 2 is formed, the whirling of the drill caused by the chisel edge 11, so-called chisel walking, is eliminated, stable cutting is possible, and the accuracy of the hole is improved. Can be made.
In addition, compared to a standard drill, the distance (tip length) from the tip of the drill (head apex P of the polygonal pyramid shape 1) to the shoulder can be shortened, and as a result, rising, in other words, The time from the start of machining to the stabilization of the drill (cutting force) is shortened and the vibration of the drill is reduced over the entire machining area (behaves stable), so that the accuracy of the hole can be improved. .
In addition, since the number of sides 4 extending from the top vertex P of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is an odd number (5 sides in the first embodiment), the direction orthogonal to the thrust of the drill acting on one side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 Component force T1 (sliding force) can be received by component forces T2 and T3 (accepting force) in the direction perpendicular to the thrust of the drill acting on the two sides 4 opposite to this. The number of sides 4 extending from the head vertex P is an even number (for example, 4 sides), that is, the component force T1 (sliding force) in the direction perpendicular to the thrust of the drill acting on one side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 Compared to the case of receiving by the component force (receiving force) in the direction perpendicular to the thrust of the drill acting only on one side 4 facing the drill, the drill behavior (vibration, whirling, etc.) is more stable, Accuracy can be improved.
In addition, since it is possible to process with high accuracy even with an inexpensive two-blade drill, it is not necessary to employ a drill with a relatively expensive number of blades of three or more in order to increase the accuracy of the hole. The running cost of equipment can be reduced. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to change the machining conditions (NC machine machining program), it is possible to prevent an increase in man-hours.
In addition, the polygonal pyramid shape 1 can be formed by grinding the tip of an existing drill (standard drill) with a grinder, so that implementation is easy and cost increase can be suppressed. Furthermore, since there is little effort to readjust the regrind conditions in the drill grinder, it is possible to prevent an increase in the number of regrinding steps.

第１実施形態は上記に限定されるものではなく、例えば、次のように構成することができる。
第１実施形態では、実施の対象を２枚刃のドリルとしたが、実施の対象となるドリルに刃数の限定はなく、例えば、３枚刃、４枚刃のドリルに採用することができる。
また、第１実施形態では、多角錐形状１を５角錐としたが、多角錐形状１は、例えば、６角錐、７角錐等を適宜選択することができる。
なお、図７は、２枚刃のドリルに６辺（６角錐）の多角錐形状１を採用した場合の図２に対応する図であり、図８は、２枚刃のドリルに７辺（７角錐）の多角錐形状１を採用した場合の図２に対応する図であり、図９は、３枚刃のドリルに５辺（５角錐）の多角錐形状１を採用した場合の図２に対応する図であり、図１０は、３枚刃のドリルに６辺（６角錐）の多角錐形状１を採用した場合の図２に対応する図であり、図１１は、３枚刃のドリルに７辺（７角錐）の多角錐形状１を採用した場合の図２に対応する図である。1st Embodiment is not limited above, For example, it can comprise as follows.
In the first embodiment, the implementation target is a two-blade drill, but the drill to be implemented is not limited in the number of blades, and can be employed for a three-blade, four-blade drill, for example. .
In the first embodiment, the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is a pentagonal pyramid. However, the polygonal pyramid shape 1 can be appropriately selected from, for example, a hexagonal pyramid, a heptagonal pyramid, and the like.
FIG. 7 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 when a 6-sided (hexagonal) polygonal pyramid shape 1 is adopted for a 2-blade drill, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 when a polygonal pyramid shape 1 of 7-sided pyramids is adopted, and FIG. 9 is a diagram of FIG. 2 when a polygonal pyramid shape 1 of 5 sides (5-pyramid) is adopted for a three-blade drill. FIG. 10 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 when a six-sided (hexagonal pyramid) polygonal pyramid shape 1 is adopted for a three-blade drill, and FIG. It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 at the time of employ | adopting the polygonal pyramid shape 1 of 7 sides (seven pyramid) for a drill.

［第２実施形態］
本発明の第２実施形態を添付した図に基づいて説明する。なお、第１実施形態と同一あるいは相当する構成には同一の名称および符号を付与し、重複する説明を省略する。
第２実施形態のドリルは、図１２及び図１３に示されるように、多角錐形状１の各辺４が、ドリル中心線CL方向の視線（図１２における紙面視）で、中央が時計回り方向へ凸となるような曲線によって形成されている。[Second Embodiment]
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the same name and code | symbol are provided to the structure which is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, or it corresponds, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the drill of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, each side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is a line of sight in the drill center line CL direction (viewed on the paper in FIG. 12), and the center is the clockwise direction. It is formed by a curve that becomes convex.

第２実施形態によれば、加工時における多角錐形状１の各辺４の被加工物との接触長さ、言い換えると、多角錐形状１の切刃７（図２参照）の長さが、多角錐形状１の各辺４が直線によって形成される場合（図４参照）と比較して増加するので、加工中の負荷が分散されて切刃の切れ味が向上し、先端（多角錐形状１）の座屈を抑制することができる。   According to the second embodiment, the contact length with the workpiece of each side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 at the time of machining, in other words, the length of the cutting edge 7 (see FIG. 2) of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is Since each side 4 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is increased in comparison with a case where the sides 4 are formed by straight lines (see FIG. 4), the load during processing is dispersed and the sharpness of the cutting edge is improved. ) Buckling.

［第３実施形態］
本発明の第３実施形態を添付した図に基づいて説明する。なお、第１実施形態と同一あるいは相当する構成には同一の名称および符号を付与し、重複する説明を省略する。
第３実施形態のドリルは、図１４に示されるように、多角錐形状１の各角錐面６が平面によって構成される図３に示される第１実施形態に対して、多角錐形状１の各角錐面６が凹形状の曲面によって構成されている。[Third Embodiment]
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the same name and code | symbol are provided to the structure which is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, or it corresponds, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 14, the drill according to the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in which each pyramid surface 6 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is a plane. The pyramid surface 6 is constituted by a concave curved surface.

第３実施形態によれば、加工中の多角錐形状１の各角錐面６と被加工物との摩擦を軽減することができ、摩擦による切削温度上昇、延いては、多角錐形状１の摩耗を防ぐことができる。
なお、凹形状は、多角錐形状１の各角錐面６を曲面によって構成して形成する他、図１５に示されるように、平面によって構成される各角錐面６（図３参照）に、頭頂点Pから放射状に延びる断面がＶ字形状の溝１０を設けることで形成することができる。この場合、溝１０は、その溝幅が頭頂点Pから直線的に増加するように形成することができる。According to the third embodiment, friction between each pyramid surface 6 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 being processed and the workpiece can be reduced, and the cutting temperature rise due to friction, and further, wear of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 is caused. Can be prevented.
The concave shape is formed by forming each pyramidal surface 6 of the polygonal pyramid shape 1 with a curved surface, and as shown in FIG. A groove 10 having a V-shaped cross section extending radially from the point P can be formed. In this case, the groove 10 can be formed such that the groove width increases linearly from the top vertex P.

Claims (3)

先端部の逃げ面が円錐研削によって再研削される２枚刃のドリルであって、
前記先端部の２つの逃げ面間に、頭頂点がドリル中心線上に位置し、前記頭頂点から延びる各辺の前記ドリル中心線に対する傾斜角度がドリルの先端角の１／２の角度よりも大きい多角錐形状を設けることでチゼルエッジを廃止し、
前記多角錐形状の各角錐面は、凹形状に形成されることを特徴とするドリル。 A double-edged drill whose tip flank is reground by conical grinding,
The head apex is located on the drill center line between the two flank faces of the tip, and the inclination angle of each side extending from the head apex with respect to the drill center line is larger than ½ of the tip angle of the drill The chisel edge is abolished by providing a polygonal pyramid shape,
Each of the pyramidal surfaces of the polygonal pyramid shape is formed in a concave shape. 前記多角錐形状の各辺は、曲線によって形成されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のドリル。 The drill according to claim 1, wherein each side of the polygonal pyramid shape is formed by a curve. 前記多角錐形状の前記頭頂点から延びる辺の数は、奇数であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のドリル。 The drill according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of sides extending from the top vertex of the polygonal pyramid shape is an odd number.
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EP2659998A4 (en) 2016-12-28
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WO2012091085A1 (en) 2012-07-05
BR112013016494A2 (en) 2016-09-27

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