JP5707692B2 - Musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pressing force detection device and a musical instrument.

  An electronic musical instrument that detects an operation state of a performance operator in a musical instrument played by a performer using an optical sensor is disclosed. For example, the electronic musical instrument described in Patent Document 1 recognizes that the performance operator has been operated and emits a sound when light directed from the light emitting unit to the light receiving unit is blocked by the performer's finger. At this time, the performer obtains a sense of satisfaction by operating the musical instrument by operating the convex portion provided in the operation unit of the electronic musical instrument to obtain a feel.

JP 2001-83965 A

However, in such a configuration, since the operation state is detected by blocking light and a feeling of operation is provided by touching the convex portion, the player can obtain the feeling of operation and the strength of the sound and the timing of sounding. There may be a sense of incongruity due to a deviation from the pronunciation content.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in a musical instrument played by a performer, an operation obtained by the performer is performed by detecting an operation state of the performance operator while giving an operational feeling by the operation. The object is to reduce the sense of incongruity caused by the difference between the feeling and the pronunciation content.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a deformable member that is deformed by a pressing force, the deformable member formed by combining a first material that transmits a wave and a second material different from the material, An emission unit that emits a wave to the deformable member, a measurement unit that measures a physical quantity related to a wave that is emitted from the emission unit and transmitted through a plurality of paths in the deformable member, and is measured by the measurement unit A detection unit that detects a deformation amount of the deformation member deformed by a pressing force applied to the deformation member and a position at which the pressing force is applied to the deformation member based on the information on the plurality of physical quantities that have been performed; A generating unit that generates a waveform of a musical sound corresponding to the detection result of the detecting unit, and the deformable member is formed to include the planar first material layer and the planar second material layer. The emission part is Providing an instrument, wherein a plurality of laser light or wavelengths emitted different light respectively the layer of the first material.

  According to the present invention, in the musical instrument played by the performer, by detecting the operation state of the performance operator while giving an operational feeling by the operation, a sense of incongruity caused by a deviation between the operational feeling obtained by the performer and the content of the pronunciation is reduced. can do.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the musical instrument which has a pressing force detection apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a musical instrument. It is a figure which shows a mode that an optical fiber deform | transforms with the pushing force applied to a deformation | transformation member. It is a graph explaining a mode that delay time occurs and changes. It is a figure explaining the detection of an applied position. It is a figure explaining the detection of the pressing force applied to two places on a deformation | transformation surface. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement which produces | generates a musical sound waveform. FIG. 7 is an overview diagram of a pressing force detection device according to Modification 1. It is a figure explaining the musical instrument carrying the pressing force detection apparatus which concerns on the modification 2. FIG. It is a figure explaining the pressing force detection apparatus which concerns on the modification 5. FIG. It is a figure explaining the detection of the applied position which concerns on the modification 7. FIG. It is a figure explaining detection of an applied position concerning modification 8.

<Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a musical instrument 10 having a pressing force detection device 11 according to the embodiment. In the following drawings including FIG. 1, the dimensions of each component in the figure are different from the actual dimensions so that the shape of the component can be easily understood. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the musical instrument 10, and a part of the configuration is shown through a two-dot chain line. The musical instrument 10 includes a pressing force detection device 11 and an operation unit and a generation unit (not illustrated) (see FIG. 2, details will be described later). The pressing force detection device 11 includes a circular plate-like deformation member 30 and an annular holding portion 32 that holds the deformation member 30. The deformable member 30 and the holding portion 32 may have a shape other than a circle such as a quadrangle or a triangle. Further, the deformable member 30 and the holding portion 32 may have different thicknesses.

  The deformable member 30 is formed by combining the first material M1 and the second material M2 having the property of expanding and contracting, and is deformed by a pressing force applied from the outside (hereinafter referred to as “pressing force”). The deformation referred to here includes expansion and contraction and bending of the deformation member 30. The first material M1 is a material that transmits light. The first material M1 is, for example, a material such as an optical fiber, translucent rubber, or translucent silicon, and is an optical fiber in the present embodiment. A portion formed of the first material M1 is referred to as an optical fiber 31. The second material M2 is a material different from the first material M1. The different materials are, for example, materials having different properties for transmitting light, or materials having different elastic coefficients. Specifically, the second material M2 is, for example, a material such as rubber, silicon, or fiber, and is rubber in the present embodiment. A portion formed of the second material M2 is referred to as a second material portion 34. The deformable member 30 may include a material other than the first material M1 and the second material M2.

  The above-described optical fiber 31 that transmits light is arranged in a line and forms a path for transmitting light. The deformable member 30 includes an optical fiber 31a along the first direction Da and an optical fiber 31b along the second direction Db different from the first direction Da (hereinafter referred to as “optical fiber 31” when not distinguished from each other). ). In FIG. 1, the optical fiber 31a and the optical fiber 31b are orthogonal to each other, but are not necessarily orthogonal. In the present embodiment, the optical fiber 31a corresponds to a “first path” according to the present invention, and the optical fiber 31b corresponds to a “second path” according to the present invention. The deformable member 30 has an incident end IN that allows light to enter the end portion on the holding portion 32 side. The end of the optical fiber 31 is arranged at the position of the incident end IN. Light incident on the incident end IN is transmitted by the optical fiber 31. The deformable member 30 has an emission end EX that emits the light transmitted by the optical fiber 31 at the end on the holding portion 32 side. The end of the optical fiber 31 is arranged at the position of the emission end EX. With this configuration, light incident on the incident end IN of the deformation member 30 is transmitted to the emission end EX via the deformation member 30.

  The holding part 32 has a space inside. In this space, a light source 21 that emits light to the deformation member 30 and a light detection element 41 that detects light transmitted through the deformation member 30 are provided. The light source 21 emits light to the incident end IN of the deformable member. The emitted light enters the end of the optical fiber 31 at the position of the incident end IN. The light source 21 includes a light source 21a in which emitted light is transmitted by the optical fiber 31a and a light source 21b in which emitted light is transmitted by the optical fiber 31b (hereinafter referred to as “light source 21” if not distinguished). Yes. The light source 21 is a light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), a fluorescent lamp, or an organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) illumination, and is an LED in the present embodiment.

  The optical fiber 31 transmits and emits incident light, and the emitted light reaches the light detection element 41. The light detection element 41 detects the light that has arrived. The light detection element 41 includes a light detection element 41a that detects light transmitted through the optical fiber 31a and a light detection element 41b that detects light transmitted through the optical fiber 31b (hereinafter referred to as “photodetection element 41” if not distinguished from each other). It is composed of. The light detection element 41 is an element that detects light, such as a photodiode, a photoresistor, or a phototransistor, and is a photodiode in the present embodiment.

  FIG. 1B is a cutaway view showing a cut surface of the musical instrument 10 taken along the cutting line IIb1-IIb2 of FIG. The deformable member 30 has a deformed surface 33 that is deformed by a pressing force applied by the player. The optical fiber 31 is disposed along the deformation surface 33. The deformable member 30 and the optical fiber 31 are deformed together when the performer applies a pressing force to the deformable member 30. The deformation surface 33 is not limited to a flat surface, and may have a curved surface or unevenness, and the deformation member 30 may have a different thickness depending on the position. Further, the optical fiber 31 may be non-uniform in distance from the deformation surface 33, and may be disposed substantially along the deformation surface 33. Furthermore, the optical fiber 31 may be bent, and the interval between the adjacent optical fibers 31 may be different depending on the position. For example, the central portion of the deformable member 30 may be widened, and the end portion side may be narrowed.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the musical instrument 10 according to the embodiment. The light emitting unit 20 includes a light source 21 and emits light toward the deformable member 30. This light is transmitted through the deformation member 30 by the optical fiber 31. The light detection unit 40 includes a light detection element 41 and detects light transmitted through the optical fiber 31. As described above, in FIG. 2, the dotted line connecting the light emitting unit 20, the optical fiber 31, and the light detecting unit 40 indicates the exchange of light. The control unit 50 includes an arithmetic device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and storage means such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a ROM (Read Only Memory). The control unit 50 controls the operation of each unit constituting the musical instrument 10.

  The clock unit 60 includes a clock generator that generates a clock signal. The clock unit 60 is a real-time clock that operates in synchronization with a clock signal supplied from a clock generator. The clock unit 60 measures an elapsed time from a predetermined time, converts the measurement result into a time, and supplies time data representing the time to the control unit 50. In the present embodiment, the clock unit 60 supplies time data in units of several thousandths of a second. The unit of time data may be a shorter time such as several tenths of a second to hundreds of thousands or tens of millions of seconds. A clock generator that can supply time data of this unit may be used according to the unit of time data to be handled. The clock unit 60 may supply a clock signal to the control unit 50, and the control unit 50 may measure elapsed time or convert it into time. The operation unit 70 is an operation unit such as a touch panel or a keyboard that allows the performer to perform various operations on the musical instrument 10, and outputs information indicating operation contents to the control unit 50. An interface (I / F) 80 has a function of connecting to an external device, and transmits information such as a musical sound waveform. The generation unit 90 includes an arithmetic device such as a CPU and storage means such as a RAM and a ROM. The generation unit 90 stores a program for generating a musical sound waveform based on parameters for designating predetermined musical sounds and musical sound waveform sample data used in this program in the ROM. The generation unit 90 processes sample data using this program to generate a musical sound waveform.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the optical fiber 31 is deformed by a pressing force applied to the deformable member 30. FIG. 3A shows the optical fiber 31 before being deformed. In this state, when light is transmitted from the end 31e1 to the end 31e2 of the optical fiber 31, the length of the center line CL of the path through which the light passes is defined as a length CLa. FIG. 3B shows a state in which the optical fiber 31 is deformed by the pressing force on the deformable member 30. In this state, similarly to the length CLa, the length of the center line CL of the path through which light passes is defined as the length CLb. FIG. 3C shows the optical fiber 31 that is deformed to a greater extent than that shown in FIG. When a length similar to the length CLa in this state is defined as a length CLc, a relationship of length CLa <CLb <CLc is established. At this time, the time ta, tb, and tc required for the light to travel the lengths CLa, CLb, and CLc have a relationship of time ta <tb <tc.

  Thus, the longer the optical fiber 31 is deformed, the longer it takes for the light emitted from the light source 21 to reach the light detecting element 41 and be detected by the light detecting element 41 (hereinafter referred to as “arrival time AT”). Becomes larger. Here, the arrival time AT when the deformable member 30 is not deformed is defined as a standard arrival time ST. Further, the time that is the difference between the standard arrival time ST and the actual arrival time AT is referred to as “delay time DT”. The control unit 50 measures the delay time DT as follows.

  The control unit 50 controls the light source 21 to emit light, and stores the emission time when the light is emitted using the time data supplied from the clock unit 60. The light detection element 41 detects the emitted light, and the light detection unit 40 outputs a signal generated based on the detected information to the control unit 50. When this signal is input, the control unit 50 stores the detection time using the time data supplied from the clock unit 60. The controller 50 calculates the difference between the detection time and the emission time, and measures the arrival time AT. The control unit 50 measures the arrival time AT in a state where the deformable member 30 is not deformed before the operation of detecting the pushing force by the pushing force detecting device 11 (hereinafter referred to as “pushing force detecting operation”) is started. This is stored in the ROM as the standard arrival time ST. After the pressing force detection device 11 starts the pressing force detection operation, the control unit 50 calculates the difference between the measured arrival time AT and the standard arrival time ST, and measures this result as the delay time DT. In this way, the control unit 50 measures the delay time DT related to the light emitted from the light source 21 and transmitted through the deformable member 30. In the present embodiment, the delay time DT corresponds to the “physical quantity” according to the present invention.

  When the pressing force detection device 11 starts the pressing force detection operation, the control unit 50 uses the time data supplied from the clock unit 60 to emit the light sources 21 in order at predetermined time intervals. To control. The control unit 50 may control so that one light source 21 emits light at a time, or may control so that a plurality of light sources 21 emit light at a time. The control unit 50 performs control so that each light source 21 emits light at a frequency of, for example, several thousand times per second (flashes several thousand times per second). The controller 50 measures the delay time DT for each light emitted from the light source 21. The frequency at which the light source 21 emits light may be several hundred thousand times per second or several tens of times. This frequency may be determined according to the performance of the control unit 50, the clock unit 60, the light source 21, and the light detection element 41.

  FIG. 4 is a graph for explaining how the delay time DT occurs and changes. The horizontal axis of this graph indicates time t when the light emitting unit 20 emits light. The vertical axis of this graph represents the delay time DT that occurs when the light emitted at time t is transmitted by the optical fiber 31 and reaches the light detection element 41. FIG. 4A shows the transition of the delay time DTb when the optical fiber 31 is deformed by the pressing force to the deformable member 30 and becomes the state shown in FIG. FIG. 4B shows the transition of the delay time DTc when the state shown in FIG. 3C is obtained when the deformation member 30 is largely deformed by the pressing force on the deformation member 30. Note that the state of change shown in FIG. 4 is an example, depending on the material of the deformable member 30 and the optical fiber 31, the tension applied from the holding unit 32, the position where the pressing force is applied, the material and mass of the holding unit 32, or the like. This situation changes.

  The delay times DTb and DTc are the maximum values DTbmax and DTcmax when the optical fiber 31 is most deformed by the pressing force on the deformable member 30. The delay times DTb and DTc become smaller while increasing and decreasing repeatedly as the amount of deformation gradually decreases while the optical fiber 31 vibrates with the deformable member 30. Based on the measured maximum values DTbmax and DTcmax of the delay times DTb and DTc, the control unit 50 deforms the deformation member 30 deformed by the pressing force applied to the deformation member 30 (hereinafter referred to as “member deformation”). Quantities ”). For example, the maximum values DTbmax and DTcmax may be used as the member deformation amount as they are. Alternatively, the maximum value may be converted into a necessary numerical value range as an index to obtain a member deformation amount, or a value obtained by integrating the delay time DT in a predetermined time range may be used as the member deformation amount. Good. In the present embodiment, the control unit 50 detects the maximum values DTbmax and DTcmax as member deformation amounts.

Further, when the amount of deformation due to the pressing force on the deformation member 30 is large, a plurality of adjacent optical fibers 31 are deformed, and therefore a delay time DT occurs in the plurality of light detection elements 41. In this case, in the present embodiment, the control unit 50 detects the member deformation amount based on the maximum value DTmax of the largest delay time DT among these delay times. The control unit 50 may detect the member deformation amount based on the total value of the maximum values DTmax of the plurality of delay times DT. Thus, the control unit 50 detects the member deformation amount, and the detected member deformation amount corresponds to the strength of the pressing force applied to the deformation member 30.
Next, an operation in which the pressing force detection device 11 detects a position where the pressing force is applied to the deformable member 30 (hereinafter referred to as “forced position”) will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating detection of the applied position. In FIG. 5, only the light source 21, the optical fiber 31, and the light detection element 41 are schematically shown for convenience of explanation. Further, the optical fibers 31a and 31b and the light detection elements 41a and 41b are shown with numbers 1 to 4 at the end. The intersection points V of the optical fibers 31a and 31b are indicated by intersection points V (1, 1) to V (4, 4) by taking the last number. The control unit 50 stores in advance information on the coordinates C corresponding to the position of each intersection V on the deformation surface 33.

  FIG. 5A shows a state when a pressing force is applied to a position on the deformation surface 33 corresponding to the intersection V (2, 2). The deformation range Da indicates the range of the optical fiber 31 that is deformed when the amount of deformation of the member due to this pressing force is maximized. In this case, the delay time DT is measured from the light detected by the light detection elements 41a2 and 41b2 among the light detection elements 41a and 41b (Tables La and Lb). At this time, the control unit 50 assumes that deformation has occurred in the optical fiber 31a2 and the optical fiber 31b2 that have transmitted the light whose delay time DT has been detected, and the pressing force is applied to the coordinate C corresponding to the intersection V (2, 2). Judge that added.

FIG. 5B shows a state when a pressing force is applied to a position on the deformation surface 33 between the intersection V (3, 3) and the intersection V (4, 3). The deformation range Db indicates the range of the optical fiber 31 that is deformed when the amount of deformation of the member due to this pressing force is maximized. In this case, the delay time DT is measured from the light detected by the light detection elements 41a3, 41a4, 41b2, 41b3, and 41b4 among the light detection elements 41a and 41b (Tables La and Lb). At this time, the control unit 50 determines that the optical fiber 31a3, 31a4 and the optical fibers 31b2, 31b3, 31b4 in which the delay time DT has been measured have been deformed by the pressing force on the deformable member 30, and the intersection V (3 , 2), (4, 2), (3, 3), (4, 3), ( 3 , 4 ), (4, 4), the coordinates C are acquired. Then, the control unit 50 determines that a pressing force has been applied to the coordinates CG indicating the center of gravity of the square or polygon formed by these coordinates C. When obtaining the center coordinates CG, the magnitude of the delay time DT generated in each coordinate may be used for weighting the value of each coordinate. In this case, the control unit 50 determines a coordinate closer to a coordinate having a large deformation amount as the applied force position. The above is the operation of detecting the applied position when the pressing force detection device 11 receives a pressing force at one place on the deformation surface 33. Next, a case where the pressing force is applied to a plurality of locations on the deformation surface 33 will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining detection of the pressing force applied to two places on the deformation surface 33. The arrows shown in FIG. 6 indicate the arrangement of the optical fibers. The number indicated by the arrow indicates the magnitude of the delay time DT detected in each optical fiber. When the strength of the pressing force is 1, the delay time DT is 1. FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating a state in which a pressing force is applied to two locations on the deformation surface 33 with the same strength when the optical fiber is disposed along two directions. is there. As shown in these figures, depending on the amount of deformation of the member and the position of the applied force, the delay time DT having the same magnitude may be detected from the same optical fiber even if the applied position is different. is there.

  As described above, the control unit 50 controls the light sources 21 to emit light in order at predetermined time intervals. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6C, the control unit 50 controls the light source 21 so as to emit light to the two optical fibers 31 passing through the intersection indicated by the time tc1 at time tc1. At time tc2, the light source 21 is controlled so as to emit light to the two optical fibers 31 passing through the intersection indicated by time tc2. When this is repeated until time tc6, in the example shown in FIG. 6C, the control unit 50 measures the delay time DT of the light emitted from the light source 21 at time tc1 and time tc6. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6D, when a pressing force is applied to the positions indicated at time td3 and time td4, the pressing force detection device 11 calculates the delay time DT of the light emitted at time td3 and time td4. taking measurement. Thus, even when the pressing force is applied to a plurality of locations on the deformation surface 33, the pressing force detection device 11 identifies the optical fiber 31 that is deformed according to the time at which the delay time DT is measured, and applies the applied force. The position can be detected.

  Note that the control unit 50 controls the light source 21 so as to emit light simultaneously to the optical fiber 31a, and emits light sequentially to the optical fiber 31b at predetermined time intervals. 21 may be controlled. Further, the control unit 50 may control the light source 21 using the optical fiber 31b that emits light at the same time and the optical fiber 31a that emits light in order. Even if it controls in this way, the control part 50 can identify the deformed optical fiber 31, and can detect an applied position. In this way, the control unit 50 measures the delay times DT related to the light transmitted through the plurality of optical fibers 31, and detects the applied position based on the measurement result.

  Note that the pressing force detection device 11 may detect the member deformation amount using information on the coordinates C corresponding to the position of the intersection V of the optical fibers 31a and 31b described above. For example, the control unit 50 creates a map indicating the magnitude and position of the member deformation amount from the information of the coordinates C indicating the intersection of the optical fibers 31 corresponding to the light detection element 41 that has measured the delay time DT. The control unit 50 detects the maximum member deformation amount based on the distribution of the member deformation amount in this map.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an operation for generating a musical sound waveform. As described above, the control unit 50 measures the delay time DT at a frequency of several thousand times per second. When measuring the delay time DT, the controller 50 starts an operation for generating a musical sound waveform. The controller 50 detects the amount of member deformation based on the detected delay time DT (step S110). Subsequently, the control unit 50 detects the applied position on the deformation surface 33 based on the information of the light detection element 41 from which the delay time DT is measured (step S120).

  The control unit 50 converts the detected information on the member deformation amount and the applied force position into the above-described parameters for designating the musical sound (hereinafter referred to as “musical sound parameter”) (step S130). The musical sound parameter is, for example, information indicating a volume, a pitch, a timbre, and the like. As a mode of conversion, the volume may be adjusted according to the amount of deformation of the member, and the timbre may be changed according to the applied position. The control unit 50 inputs the converted musical sound parameter to the generation unit 90. The control unit 50 controls the generation unit 90 to generate a musical sound waveform corresponding to the input musical sound parameter (step S140). The control unit 50 outputs the musical sound waveform generated by the generation unit 90 to the external device via the I / F 80 (step S150).

  The generation unit 90 may generate a musical tone waveform or a signal of each key corresponding only to the detected applied force position. For example, this is a case where the pressing force detection device 11 is used for a musical instrument that generates sound corresponding to only the position where the pressing force is applied. The generation unit 90 may generate a musical sound waveform corresponding only to the detected member deformation amount. For example, this is a case where the pressing force detecting device 11 is used for a musical instrument that generates sound corresponding only to the strength of the applied pressing force. That is, the generation unit 90 generates a tone waveform corresponding to the result detected by the control unit 50.

  As described above, the musical instrument 10 uses the change in the physical quantity of the light transmitted through the optical fiber 31 that is deformed together with the deformable member 30 and the information on the position where the optical fiber 31 is disposed, to apply the pressing force applied to the deformable member 30. The amount of force deformation and the applied position are detected. Further, the deformable member 30 provides the player with a feeling of operation by the tension of the first material M1 and the second material M2, and gives the player a sense of satisfaction with the performance. As described above, the musical instrument 10 detects the operation state of the performance operator while giving the player a feeling of operation, thereby reducing a sense of incongruity caused by a difference between the feeling of operation obtained by the player and the content of pronunciation.

  In addition, the musical instrument 10 combines the materials with different characteristics to form the deformable member 30, thereby providing the player with an operational feeling similar to that obtained from the original musical instrument and enhancing the satisfaction of the musical operation. Can do. Further, the number and arrangement of the optical fibers, which are the first material M1, may be determined according to the accuracy of detection of the applied position required for the musical instrument 10. In other words, the musical instrument 10 adjusts the combination of the first material M1 and the second material M2, thereby changing the accuracy of detection of the tension and the applied position of the deformable member 30, and the operation feeling and the push required by the player. Provides force detection accuracy.

<Modification 1>
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention can be implemented also with another form.
In the above-described embodiment, the deformable member 30 provided with the optical fiber therein is used as the first material constituting the optical fiber 31, but the optical fiber is formed by knitting it in a mesh with the second material. The deformable member 30A may be used. In this case, the second material is a stretchable material such as rubber, silicon, or fiber, and these materials are used in a linear form. The deformable member 30A braided with the first material and the second material has strength, durability, and elasticity that can withstand the pressing force, and the player's fingers and tools for applying force enter the gap between the materials. It is desirable to be braided at such a density that it does not exist. In this case, it is only necessary to determine the number and positions of the optical fibers to be woven according to the accuracy of the applied position detected by the musical instrument 10A.

  FIG. 8 is an overview of the musical instrument 10A according to the first modification. The deformable member 30A is formed by knitting a second material portion 34A and optical fibers 31a and 31b into a mesh shape. The second material portion 34A is hatched for easy identification. End portions of the optical fibers 31 a and 31 b are held by a holding unit 32. A light source 21 and a light detection element 41 (not shown) are arranged at the ends of the optical fibers 31a and 31b, respectively.

<Modification 2>
In the embodiment described above, the musical instrument 10 generates a musical sound waveform having a different tone volume and tone color based on the detected member deformation amount and applied force position. However, the musical sound waveform having a different pitch depending on the applied position. May be generated. By using in this way, the musical instrument 10 generates musical tones of a musical instrument having a plurality of operators having different pitches of sound to be emitted, such as key musical instruments and stringed musical instruments. In this case, for example, an operation element corresponding to a musical tone of a key instrument or a stringed instrument may be represented on the deformation surface 33, and the optical fiber 31 may be disposed at the position of each operation element. The generation unit 90 generates a musical sound waveform having a size, tone color, and height corresponding to the detected member deformation amount and applied position. Alternatively, an arrangement of keys on a computer keyboard may be drawn on the deformation surface 33 to generate a signal for each key according to the detected applied force position.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a musical instrument equipped with a pressing force detection device according to the second modification. Fig.9 (a) is a figure which shows the musical instrument 10B provided with pushing force detection apparatus 11B1, 11B2. The musical instrument 10B is a key musical instrument such as a keyboard. The pressing force detection device 11B1 has optical fibers (not shown) arranged in the directions Da1, Db1, and the pressing force detection device 11B2 has the optical fibers (not shown) arranged in the directions Da2, Db2. Thus, a coordinate system may be provided on two different deformation surfaces. FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a musical instrument 10C provided with a pressing force detection device 11C. The musical instrument 10C is a stringed instrument such as a guitar. In this way, by forming the pressing force detection device 11C so as to cover the region where the operation device of the stringed instrument is located, the pressing force detection device 11C can be used as the operation device of the stringed instrument. FIG. 9C is a diagram showing a keyboard 10D of a computer provided with a pressing force detection device 11D. As indicated by directions Da4 and Db4 in FIG. 9C, the optical fibers may be arranged in a curved shape or may be arranged in a radial shape. Further, for example, an independent optical fiber which is arranged along the direction Dc4 and is deformed only by a pressing force to one operation element with respect to an operation element which is used by being operated with other operation elements or is often used. May be provided. In any of the cases described above, in each pressing force detection device, it is desirable to arrange the optical fibers so that the intersection of the optical fibers comes to the position of each operation element.

<Modification 3>
In the embodiment described above, the light transmitted along the deformation surface 33 is used to detect the pressing force, but other waves such as a sound wave or an electromagnetic wave may be used. For example, when sound waves are used, a sound generation unit such as a speaker may be installed instead of the light source 21, and a sound detection unit such as a microphone may be installed instead of the light detection element 41. In addition, a path (hereinafter referred to as “sound transmitting member”) for transmitting sound waves may be formed using the third material M3 that transmits sound waves instead of the optical fiber 31. The control unit 50 measures the change in the physical quantity of the sound wave by deforming the sound transmission member together with the deformation member 30. For example, when the sound transmission member is deformed, the refractive index of the sound wave in the sound transmission member changes. At this time, the control part 50 should just measure the change of the time until it detects after the sound wave produced | generated when the speed which the sound wave transmits changes changes. Note that ultrasonic waves having higher directivity may be used as the sound waves used here.

<Modification 4>
In the above-described embodiment, the control unit 50 measures the delay time. However, the control unit 50 may measure a physical quantity related to light other than the delay time, such as the intensity or phase of the light reaching the light detection element 41. For example, when the optical fiber 31 is deformed, the light attenuation rate in the light transmitting material is changed from that before the deformation, and the intensity of the light reaching the light detecting element 41 is changed. The deformation amount of the member may be detected based on the change amount of the light intensity.

<Modification 5>
In the above-described embodiment, the light is transmitted by the optical fiber that is a linear member, but the light may be transmitted by using a planar member. In this case, for example, the deformable member 30E includes a first material layer (hereinafter, referred to as “light transmission layer 31E”) having an end on the holding portion 32 side, and the first material. Layers of light transmit light.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a musical instrument 10E according to the fifth modification. FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of the musical instrument 10E. The light source 21E emits light to the incident end INE of the light transmission layer 31E. The light transmission layer 31E transmits light from the entrance end INE to the exit end EXE. The light transmission layer 31E emits light transmitted from the emission end EXE. The light detection element 41E detects the light emitted from the light transmission layer 31E. FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the deformable member 30E. The deformable member 30E forms a light transmission layer 31E between the two second material portions 34E. In this case, the light source 21E and the light detection element 41E may be arranged so as not to detect light different from the light to be detected by the light detection element 41E. For example, laser light with high directivity may be used as the light emitted from the light source 21E. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the laser light emitted from the light source 21E from being detected by the light detection element 41E that detects the laser light emitted from another light source 21E. Alternatively, each light source 21E may emit light having a different wavelength, and the light detection element 41E may detect light having a wavelength emitted from the light source 21E to be detected. Thereby, the light detection element 41E can prevent the light emitted from the light sources 21E other than the light source 21E to be detected from being detected.

<Modification 6>
In the embodiment described above, the control unit 50 detects the amount of deformation of the member based on the measured delay time. However, a piezoelectric element may be installed at a position where the optical fiber 31 comes into contact when the optical fiber 31 is deformed. In this case, the piezoelectric element transmits a signal corresponding to the magnitude of deformation of the optical fiber 31 to the control unit 50.

<Modification 7>
In the embodiment described above, the optical fiber 31 is disposed along two directions, but may be disposed along three or more directions. For example, the pressing force detection device 11d that arranges optical fibers along three directions detects the applied force position using coordinates given by a set of three optical fibers.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating detection of the applied force position according to Modification 7. 11 (a) and 11 (b) show that when the state shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the pressing force detecting device 11d in which the optical fibers are arranged along three directions gives the pressing force. A state of detection is shown. As shown in these figures, even if the same value is detected in the optical fibers along the two directions Da5 and Db5 common to FIGS. 6A and 6B, the optical fiber along the third direction Dc5 is detected. By detecting different values from the optical fiber, the pressing force detection device 11d distinguishes positions where these pressing forces are applied.

<Modification 8>
In the above-described embodiment, the optical fiber 31 is disposed along two directions, but may be disposed along one direction. In this case, the control unit 50 detects the position from the optical fiber 31 in the direction Db6 that forms an angle with the direction Da6 along which the optical fiber 31 is along.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating detection of the applied force position according to Modification 8. FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a pressing force is applied to the deformation surface 33. Solid arrows in FIG. 12A indicate the optical fibers 31f1, 31f2, and 31f3 arranged along the direction Da6 and the direction Da6. This pressing force is applied between the optical fiber 31f1 and the optical fiber 31f2. In this example, the control unit 50 detects the value when the detected member deformation amount is maximized as the pressing force. Here, it is assumed that when the detected member deformation amount is the maximum, the member deformation amount in the range surrounded by the solid line is 0.5, and the member deformation amount in the range surrounded by the chain double-dashed line is 0.5. In this case, the control unit 50 detects 0.5 as the member deformation amount in the optical fiber 31f1, 1 in the optical fiber 31f2, and 0 in the optical fiber 31f3. From this detection result, the control unit 50 indicates that the amount of deformation of the applied pressing force is 1, and the applied position is an area between the optical fiber 31f1 and the optical fiber 31f2 and close to the optical fiber 31f2. To detect. As described above, the control unit 50 detects the force applied position to the optical fiber 31 in the direction Db6 different from the direction Da6 along which the optical fiber 31 is along.

  FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which a pressing force having a member deformation amount of 1 is applied to the deformation surface 33 at time t6. At time t6, the control unit 50 detects the member deformation amount 1 in the optical fiber 31f2. FIG. 12C is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which time α has elapsed from time t6. The deformed surface 33 deformed by the pressing force applied at time t6 widens the region to be deformed around while attenuating the magnitude of the deformation. As a result, at time (t6 + α), the control unit 50 detects the member deformation amount 0.75 in the optical fiber 31f2 and the optical fiber 31f3, and detects the member deformation amount 0 in the optical fiber 31f1. From this detection result, the control unit 50 indicates that the member deformation amount of the applied pressing force is 1, and the applied position is an area between the optical fiber 31f2 and the optical fiber 31f3 and close to the optical fiber 31f2. To detect. As described above, the control unit 50 detects the force applied position to the optical fiber 31 in the direction Db6 different from the direction Da6 along which the optical fiber 31 is along.

<Modification 9>
In the embodiment described above, the pressing force detection device 11 detects the strength and applied position of the applied pressing force, but may detect only the strength of the pressing force. For example, this is a case where the pressing force detection device 11 is used for an instrument that generates sound based only on the strength of the pressing force regardless of the position where the pressing force is applied. In this case, at least one optical fiber 31 may be disposed.

<Modification 10>
In the embodiment described above, a plurality of light sources 21 are used, but a single light source 21 may be used. For example, the light source 21 may be configured to emit light to a plurality of incident ends IN, or emit light diffusing to the light transmission layer 31E shown in the modification 5 to emit a plurality of lights. You may comprise so that it may detect with the detection element 41. FIG.

<Modification 11>
In the embodiment described above, a plurality of light detection elements 41 are used, but a single light detection element may be used. For example, a plurality of light sources 21 may emit light at a predetermined time interval, and the light may sequentially reach one light detection element 41 through the plurality of optical fibers 31. In this case, the control unit 50 can detect the member deformation amount from the measured delay time DT by measuring the delay time DT in the light that reaches the light detection element 41 in order. Moreover, the control part 50 determines the presence or absence of the delay time DT in the light which reaches | attains the photon detection element 41 in order, Based on the information which shows the position of the optical fiber 31 which transmitted the light which measured the delay time DT The applied position can be detected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,10A, 10B, 10C, 10E ... Musical instrument, 11, 11B1, 11B2, 11C, 11D ... Pushing force detection device, 20 ... Light emitting part, 21, 21a, 21b, 21E ... Light source, 30, 30A, 30E ... Deformation Members 31, 31 a, 31 a 2, 31 a 3, 31 b, 31 b 2, 31 f 1, 31 f 2, 31 f 3 ... optical fiber, 32 ... holding part, 33 ... deformed surface, 34, 34A, 34E ... second material part, 40 ... light detecting part, 41, 41a, 41b, 41E ... photodetection element, 50 ... control unit, 60 ... clock unit, 70 ... operation unit, 80 ... I / F, 90 ... generation unit

Claims (1)

A deformable member that is deformed by a pressing force, and is formed by combining a first material that transmits a wave and a second material different from the material;
An emitting portion for emitting a wave to the deformable member;
A measurement unit that measures, for each path, a physical quantity related to a wave that is emitted from the emission unit and transmitted through a plurality of paths in the deformable member;
Based on information on a plurality of physical quantities measured by the measurement unit, a deformation amount of the deformation member deformed by a pressing force applied to the deformation member and a position where the pressing force is applied to the deformation member are detected. A detection unit;
A generator that generates a waveform of a musical sound corresponding to the detection result of the detector ;
The deformable member is formed to include a planar layer of the first material and a planar layer of the second material,
The emitting unit emits a plurality of laser beams or a plurality of lights having different wavelengths to the layer of the first material .

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