JP5700931B2 - Building exterior materials and buildings - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building exterior material forming an outer wall of a building and a building using the building exterior material.

  A large number of laterally extending triangular ridges are continuously arranged in the vertical direction, forming a sawtooth-like uneven surface on the outer wall of the building, and reflecting the solar heat toward the universe on the upward slope toward the sky side. Is described in Patent Document 1.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2007-192016 (FIG. 1)

  The building exterior material of Patent Document 1 reflects solar heat (hereinafter also referred to as “sunlight” for convenience of explanation) on the upward slope toward the sky side of the lateral triangular ridge, and then reflects the surface of the earth with solar heat. It effectively prevents or alleviates the heat island phenomenon that warms buildings and buildings.

  The present invention has been made to further improve such a building exterior material, and its purpose is to effectively reflect solar heat in the summer to prevent or alleviate the heat island phenomenon, and conversely, in the winter, to reduce the solar heat. An object of the present invention is to provide a building exterior material and a building that can absorb or store heat as much as possible to prevent or reduce cooling of the building.

As described in claim 1, a large number of laterally extending triangular ridges are continuously arranged in the vertical direction, a sawtooth-like uneven surface is formed on the outer wall of the building, and sunlight is made into the universe on the upward slope toward the sky side. In building exterior materials that can reflect toward
The lateral triangular projections provides that the upward slope toward the empty side, and a downward slope toward the surface side, and sets the angle between the upward slope and a downward slope to 7 5 °, the upward slope side providing building exterior material set in a gradient of 4 5 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.

  Moreover, as described in claim 2, the building exterior material according to claim 1, wherein the solar heat reflectance of the downward slope is smaller than the solar heat reflectance of the upward slope.

  In addition, as described in claim 3, the building exterior material according to claim 2, wherein the reflectance of solar heat is made different by making the upward slope and the downward slope different in color.

  Moreover, as described in Claim 4, it is a ceramic tile, The building exterior material of any one of Claims 1-3 is provided.

  Further, as described in claim 5, the architectural exterior material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of ceramic tiles having a cross section of a triangular projection in a lateral direction are arranged and joined to a concrete panel. provide.

  Moreover, as described in Claim 6, the building which forms a part or all of an outer wall with the building exterior material of any one of Claims 1-5 is provided.

Incidentally, the angle etc. of the upward slope and a downward slope Sumi及 beauty upward slope and a horizontal plane form of the present invention includes an error range that may occur by the material and manufacturing methods in the practice.

Building exterior material of the present invention, an upward slope toward the empty side is set to the gradient of 4 5 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, normals of 4 5 ° in the reverse direction relative to a horizontal plane perpendicular to the upward slope Have a tilt. When the incident angle of sunlight falls below this normal, it is reflected toward the universe as shown in FIG. 4B, and a part of the reflected light strikes the downward slope and is reflected for the second time (FIG. 4). (B) “Refer to the“ double reflection region ”).
On the other hand, when the incident angle of sunlight exceeds the normal line, it is reflected toward the universe as shown in FIG. In this case, it is reflected toward the universe at an angle of about 12 ° (at a point of 35 ° north latitude) even during the summer solstice, which is the largest incident angle throughout the year, so all cases where the incident angle exceeds the normal. The reflected light of sunlight goes to the universe.
As apparent from the above, the incident angle of sunlight that matches the normal line of the upward slope 4 5 ° in the boundary, and if all of the sunlight is reflected toward the space, the solar It is divided into a case where a part hits a downward slope and is reflected twice.

Therefore, the south-middle altitude of the winter solstice at a point of 35 ° north latitude in Japan is 31.6 °, and the south-middle altitude does not exceed 45 ° for less than two months. Needless to say, during that period, the temperature is low, and during the low temperature period, the reflected light strikes the downward slope all day with sunlight on a sunny day. Therefore, the solar heat received by the outer wall can be efficiently stored in the low temperature season.
On the other hand, the southern mid-high altitude of the summer solstice at a point of 35 ° north latitude in Japan is 78.4 °. In this period, the incident angle of sunlight exceeds 45 ° in the morning sun, so it shines in earnest. Afternoon sunlight is reflected toward the universe without hitting the downward slope. Therefore, it is difficult for the surface temperature to rise. In addition, in the morning and evening when the incident angle is less than 45 °, a part of the reflected light hits the downward slope as described above, but the influence is slight because the solar energy in that time zone is relatively weak and the time is short. It can be suppressed.

  Therefore, solar heat is efficiently reflected in summer to prevent or mitigate the heat island phenomenon, and conversely, in winter, solar heat is absorbed and stored to prevent or mitigate cooling of the building. Can contribute to the protection of

  In addition, as described in claim 2, if the solar heat reflectance of the downward slope is smaller than the solar heat reflectance of the upward slope, the solar heat reflection efficiency on the upward slope in summer is improved and the downward slope in winter The solar heat absorption efficiency on the slope can also be increased.

  Further, the solar heat absorption rate by color increases in the order of white-yellow-blue-red-purple-black. Therefore, as described in claim 3, for example, “white” on the upward slope and “black” on the downward slope. In this way, if the upward slope and the downward slope are different in color so that the solar heat reflectance (absorption rate) varies, the outer wall of the building becomes horizontal stripes depending on the viewing angle in addition to the effect of the above-mentioned claim 2 Appearance (see FIG. 2), or appear to be biased to any color of the upward slope or downward slope (see FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b)), etc. .

  In addition, as in claim 5, if a plurality of ceramic tiles having a triangular cross-sectional shape are arranged side by side on a concrete panel and joined together, a plurality of horizontal triangular ridges are formed on one ceramic tile. There is no restriction on the thickness to be considered when forming, and it is possible to make the surface uneven accordingly. Therefore, the width of the design can be expanded. In addition, the individual ceramic tiles before being joined to the concrete panel are in a single bar shape and are in a state of being separated, and the upward slope and the downward slope are easy to be color-coded. Easy to make a difference.

  In addition, as described in claim 6, a building in which a part or all of the outer wall is formed of the building exterior material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 efficiently reflects solar heat in summer. Thus, the heat island phenomenon can be prevented or alleviated, and conversely, solar heat can be absorbed and stored in winter to prevent or alleviate the cooling of the building, thereby contributing to the protection of the global environment throughout the year.

It is a side view of the ceramic tile including a partially enlarged view. It is a front view of a ceramic tile. (A) is the perspective view which looked down at the ceramic tile from the top, (b) is the perspective view which looked up at the ceramic tile from the bottom. (A) is sectional drawing of the principal part which shows the reflective aspect in case the incident angle of sunlight is 70 degrees, (b) is a sectional view of the principal part which shows the reflective aspect in case the incident angle of sunlight is 30 degrees FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the concrete panel containing a partially enlarged view.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The building exterior material 1 of the embodiment is a ceramic tile that is attached to the outer wall of a building (not shown) such as a building or a house, and, like a general tile, a plurality of peeling prevention grooves 2, 2 and the height is about 45 to 60 mm (of course, it may be larger or smaller).

On the surface of the building exterior material 1 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “tile”), stripe-like lateral triangular ridges 3, 3,... Are continuously arranged in the vertical direction. As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 1, each lateral triangular ridge 3 has two surfaces, an upward slope 3x facing the sky side and a downward slope 3y facing the ground surface, and the upward slope 3x and the downward slope 3y. sets the angle of θ to 7 5 °, is set to an angle θ1 of the upward slope 3x and the horizontal plane 4 in 4 5 °. Therefore, the angle θ2 formed between the downward slope 3y and the horizontal plane 4 is necessarily 30 ° .
Incidentally, the tip of the tile 1 shown figure has become sharp state, it is subjected to actually required chamfer.

  In the tile 1 of the embodiment, glaze is applied to the surface, and the upward slope 3x is colored white and the downward slope 3y is colored red. Thereby, the solar heat reflectance of the downward slope 3y is smaller than the solar heat reflectance of the upward slope 3x, that is, the solar heat absorption rate of the downward slope 3y is larger than the solar heat absorption rate of the upward slope 3x. The combination of the colors of the upward slope 3x and the downward slope 3y is not limited to white and red, and any combination may be used as long as the reflectance of the upward slope 3x is larger than the reflectance of the downward slope 3y.

  The tiles 1 of the embodiment configured as described above are arranged and adhered in a planar manner on the outer wall of a building that receives at least strong sunlight by a publicly known method. As a result, a serrated uneven surface is formed on the outer wall of the building. Since the upward slope 3x and the downward slope 3y of the embodiment are color-coded into white and red, when the outer wall is viewed from the front, it looks like horizontal stripes as shown in FIG. 2, for example, as shown in FIG. It looks whitish when looking down from above, and it looks red when looking up at the building from the ground as shown in FIG. Thus, the building in which the tile 1 of the embodiment is attached to the outer wall can give a completely different impression depending on the viewing angle.

Next, the case where the outer wall of the building receives sunlight will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, when the incident angle of sunlight is 70 ° exceeding the 45 ° normal line orthogonal to the upward slope 3x, the angle of 20 ° with respect to the horizontal plane 4 after hitting the upward slope 3x as shown in FIG. Reflect on. Therefore, the reflected light of sunlight goes to the universe. Similarly, the reflected light travels toward the universe at an angle of 11.6 ° even during the summer solstice when the incident angle of sunlight is maximum at a point of 35 ° north latitude.
Therefore, the solar heat irradiated at an angle exceeding the normal of 45 ° is reflected to the universe except for the amount absorbed by the tile 1, so the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground surface is reduced, and the rise in temperature can be suppressed. .

  Next, when the incident angle of sunlight is 30 °, which is lower than the 45 ° normal line orthogonal to the upward slope 3x, it strikes the upward slope 3x and is reflected toward the universe as shown in FIG. The reflected light that hits the twice-reflected area indicated by the oblique lines in FIG. 4B hits the downward slope 3y and is reflected again. Therefore, for example, when the reflectance of the downward slope 3y is 40% and the reflectance of the upward slope 3x is 50%, the sunlight reflected twice by the upward slope 3x and the downward slope 3y is reflected by 20% of the incident amount. The

  Therefore, the south-central altitude of the winter solstice at a point of 35 ° north latitude in Japan is 31.6 °. At this point, the south-central altitude does not exceed 45 ° during the cold period of less than two months. Therefore, on a clear day during that period, reflected light hits the downward slope 3y by sunlight during the day. Therefore, solar heat is absorbed and stored in the tile 1, and cooling of the building is suppressed.

  On the other hand, the mid-south altitude of the summer solstice at a latitude of 35 ° north is 78.4 °. At this time, the incident angle exceeds 45 ° before the sun gets stronger, and the afternoon sun shining in earnest is 3x upward slope. Reflected in the direction of the universe. Of course, in the morning and evening when the incident angle of sunlight is less than 45 °, a part of the light hits the downward slope 3y and is reflected again as described above, but the solar energy in that time zone is weak and the time is short, The effect is minimal.

  Therefore, the tile 1 of the embodiment efficiently reflects solar heat in the summer to prevent or mitigate the heat island phenomenon, and conversely absorbs and stores solar heat in the winter to prevent or mitigate cooling of the building, Therefore, sunlight can be used and controlled throughout the year.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, of course, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment .

For example , the building exterior material 1 may be composed of the concrete panel 10 as shown in FIG. 5 in addition to the tile 1 described in the embodiment. This concrete panel 10 is formed by joining horizontally long rod-shaped ceramic tiles 30 having a triangular convex cross section when being molded with a concrete formwork. Specifically, the ceramic tile 30 is made into a concrete formwork. Install in advance, cast concrete into the concrete formwork and harden it, and finally remove from the concrete formwork. The manufacturing method of such a concrete panel 10 is well-known as a tile pre-cast concrete construction method, Therefore Detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 5 is a joint.

  Further, in the embodiment, in order to make the solar heat reflectance of the downward slope 3y smaller than the solar heat reflectance of the upward slope 3x, the two colors are color-coded, but the reflection is made by making the surface smooth. You may make it provide a difference in a rate. In this case, both may be the same color or different colors.

1 ... Tile (construction exterior material)
10 ... Concrete panel (construction exterior material)
3 ... Triangular ridges facing sideways 3x ... Upward slope 3y ... Downward slope 4 ... Horizontal plane 30 ... Ceramic tile

Claims (6)

A large number of laterally extending triangular ridges are continuously arranged in the vertical direction, forming a sawtooth-like uneven surface on the outer wall of the building, and reflecting the solar heat toward the universe on the upward slope toward the sky side. In
The lateral triangular projections provides that the upward slope toward the empty side, and a downward slope toward the surface side, and sets the angle between the upward slope and a downward slope to 7 5 °, horizontal the upward slope building exterior material, characterized in that set in the gradient of 4 5 ° with respect.   The building exterior material according to claim 1, wherein the solar heat reflectance of the downward slope is smaller than the solar heat reflectance of the upward slope.   The building exterior material according to claim 2, wherein the reflectance of solar heat is made different by making the upward slope and the downward slope different in color.   The building exterior material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the building exterior material is a ceramic tile.   The building exterior material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a large number of ceramic tiles having a triangular convex shape in a cross section are juxtaposed and joined to a concrete panel.   A building characterized in that part or all of the outer wall is formed of the building exterior material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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