JP5695031B2 - Tower construction method and tower - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for the construction of towers, in particular towers of wind power generators, to towers and to wind power generators equipped with such towers.

  When building the foundation for the tower, care must be taken that the surface of the foundation, or at least the part of the foundation on which the tower is mounted, is formed flat and strictly horizontally so that the tower is erected vertically. Must.

  WO 2005/095717 shows a ring-shaped formwork on the tower foundation. This formwork is filled with low-viscosity grout material (grouting mortar). After the grout material has hardened, the formwork is removed, and then a leveling ring or load distribution ring is placed on the surface of the hardened grout material. Installed. Subsequently, on the load distribution ring, the lower segment of the tower can be fixed using anchor bolts fixed in the foundation and projecting a predetermined length from the foundation. The low viscosity of the grout material ensures that the grout material itself is accurately leveled or leveled.

  WO 2005/095792 describes a method of building a tower on the foundation. The tower in this method is erected with an anchor bolt fixed to a segment anchor in the foundation. The anchor bolt projects a predetermined length on the surface of the foundation. First of all, the leveling ring or load distribution ring is leveled and leveled and fixed on the upper surface of the foundation. In this prior art, this leveling is performed, for example, by setting a height adjustment unit such as a height adjustment screw at a predetermined position of the foundation, and placing a load distribution ring on the height adjustment unit, and then mounting the height adjustment unit. This is done by adjusting and leveling the load distribution ring. Subsequently, the gap between the foundation and the load distribution ring is filled and the load distribution ring is lined planarly. This is done with a suitable filling material, for example grout mortar.

  The height adjusting screw includes an outer element having an inner thread and an inner element having an outer thread. The inner element is accommodated in the inner screw of the outer element by the outer screw, and the height can be adjusted with respect to the outer element by turning the screw left and right. With proper placement and adjustment of the height adjustment screw, the load distribution ring can be leveled. In order to achieve good weather resistance and safe and reliable load delivery, this height adjustment screw is manufactured from stainless steel. By forming the screws typically as fine threads, very fine height adjustments are possible.

  The height adjusting screw formed in this way is certainly relatively expensive, but can reliably deliver a high load. Therefore, leveling the load distribution ring requires at least three height adjustment screws that are placed (equally spaced) on the average radius of the load distribution ring.

  German Offenlegungsschrift 10347536A1 shows the fixing of a swivel tower crane. In this case, a spacer that can be pressed and deformed is used.

  German Patent Translation No. 69828290T2 describes a device for adjusting the inclination of the surface of a structure on a support leg.

  WO 2008/003749 A1 shows a height adjustment unit formed as a height adjustment screw for level positioning the lower tower segment. This height adjusting screw has a pressure distribution element on its lower surface that is softer than the basic concrete. As an alternative, the height adjustment unit is also embodied by two wedges that are displaced from each other.

International Publication No. 2005/095717 Pamphlet International Publication No. 2005/095792 Pamphlet German Patent Application Publication No. 10347536 German Patent Invention No. 69828290 International Publication No. 2008/003749 Pamphlet

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a tower construction method that enables reliable and low-cost construction of the tower.

  This object is achieved by a tower construction method according to claim 1, a tower according to claim 4, and a wind turbine generator according to claim 8.

  Therefore, firstly a method for constructing a tower, in particular a tower of a wind power plant, is presented. For this purpose, a foundation is provided, a plurality of height adjustment units are installed on the foundation, and a load distribution ring is installed on the plurality of height adjustment units. The load distribution ring is leveled and leveled by adjusting the height adjustment unit, and the gap between the foundation and the load distribution ring is filled with grout material. After the grout material reaches a predetermined strength or after the grout material has hardened, the tower segment is placed on the load distribution ring. In this case, the height adjustment unit is dimensioned as follows. That is, the height adjustment unit can reliably receive the weight or load of the load distribution ring (in cooperation with them), but the height adjustment unit can limit the limit value by any one of the plurality of height adjustment units. Yields when a large force is applied such that a surface pressure exceeding the pressure acts on the foundation (ie, the height adjustment unit has a predetermined load (weight of the load distribution ring + secondary weight on the load distribution ring) The dimensions are such that it will not function below. This height adjustment unit is substantially made of plastic. Therefore, this height adjustment unit can be manufactured at low cost.

  When the gap between the foundation and the level-positioned load distribution ring is filled with grout material and the grout material reaches a certain strength, most of the load (load distribution ring + tower segment) is via the grout material Led to. If the load distribution ring is not well supported by the grout material in the gap, the load (load distribution ring + tower segment) will be guided onto the foundation via the height adjustment unit. In such a case, it may happen that the height adjustment unit has to transmit part or all of the load on the basis. This may result in surface pressure in the lower region of the height adjustment unit, which may result in surface pressure that may lead to damage or destruction of the foundation.

  In this case, the present invention is based on the following understanding. That is, conventional stainless steel height adjustment screws, due to their high rigidity, can cause surface pressure on the foundation that is too high compared to grout mortar by the height adjustment unit, The understanding is that it may cause damage to the foundation. Such a load or the associated surface pressure is already realized by the first segment of the tower and can possibly be exceeded, but at the latest by the complete tower. That is, the concentration of the load flow on the height adjustment unit (as a result of the high stiffness) causes a surface pressure that is too high. In this case, it is certainly possible to provide a general countermeasure by increasing the number of known height adjustment units, but the height adjustment unit is located under the load distribution ring until the gap has hardened. Costs increase because they must be left behind and are therefore lost. However, if the height adjustment unit is to substantially carry the weight of the load distribution ring and is correspondingly sized to be thinner, the height adjustment unit will be relatively rigid. It will not work under tower load due to its low. As a result, the load distribution ring will rest on the hardened grout material under the tower load, and all the grout material in the gap will take over the delivery of the load to the foundation at a given surface pressure, and as a result Damage to the foundation is avoided.

  If the load or weight acting on each height adjustment unit exceeds the limit value, the plastic height adjustment unit can yield. This surrender can be a surrender with destruction. According to another aspect of the invention, the height adjustment unit as the height adjustment screw is formed in particular by a metric screw. Metric threads are easier to manufacture and therefore less expensive than fine threads and nevertheless allow sufficiently accurate leveling. By embodying the height adjustment unit as a screw, the height adjustment can be easily and reliably performed.

  The invention likewise relates in particular to the towers of wind power generators. The tower has a foundation, a plurality of height adjustment units on the foundation, a load distribution ring on the plurality of height adjustment units, and a grout material in the gap between the foundation and the load distribution ring. The height adjustment unit is substantially sized to receive the weight of the load distribution ring, but any one of the plurality of height adjustment units exceeds a limit value by the height adjustment unit. The height adjustment unit yields when a large force is exerted such that surface pressure acts on the foundation.

  The invention likewise relates to a tower of a wind power plant, in particular, comprising a foundation, a plurality of height adjustment units on the foundation and a load distribution ring on the plurality of height adjustment units. This load distribution ring has the function of receiving the lower tower segment. The height adjustment unit is made of plastic.

  The invention likewise relates to a height adjustment unit for carrying in particular the load distribution ring of the tower of a wind power plant. In this case, the height adjusting unit is made of plastic.

  The invention likewise relates to the use of a plastic height adjustment unit, in particular for carrying a load distribution ring on the foundation of the tower of a wind power plant. In this case, the height adjusting unit is made of plastic.

  The present invention relates to the understanding in the state of the art that steel leveling screws are used to level the leveling or load distribution ring on the foundation. Subsequently, the resulting gap is filled with a grout material such as Pagel cement. However, this can result in tower loads acting on the load distribution ring being guided by height adjustment screws due to inaccuracies in the gap. Therefore, the foundation concrete under the height adjustment screw may have to accept the full load of the tower. As a result, an unacceptably high foundation surface pressure may occur in the area under the height adjustment screw. This is particularly disadvantageous because the foundation can be damaged when its surface pressure reaches an unacceptably high value. Due to the height adjusting screws according to the current technology, the load is not evenly distributed on the foundation, but the load flow is concentrated in a few positions.

  Thus, according to the present invention, a height adjustment unit is planned that can reliably carry the weight of the load distribution ring, but cannot carry the weight of the entire tower or of the individual tower segments. Is done. For this reason, the height adjustment unit inevitably loses its function when the tower is built. This ensures that the tower load is evenly distributed on the gap grout and thus on the foundation. That is, according to the present invention, the height adjustment unit can surely carry the weight of the load distribution ring, but is configured to lose its function at a surface pressure exceeding a predetermined limit value. That is, loss of function of the height adjustment unit, for example after a limit value for load or surface pressure, is deliberately recognized or even considered desirable.

  Since the height adjustment unit can be used in the form of, for example, a plastic height adjustment screw, it can be assumed that the foundation is inexpensive. This is because the height adjusting screw is not reusable, and the plastic height adjusting screw can be manufactured substantially more advantageously than other normal steel height adjusting screws.

  Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

  Hereinafter, embodiments and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

2 is a schematic diagram of a tower base and a part of a lower segment according to a first embodiment. FIG. It is typical sectional drawing of the height adjustment unit by 2nd Embodiment. It is typical sectional drawing of one state of the height adjustment unit by 3rd Embodiment. It is typical sectional drawing of another state of the height adjustment unit by 3rd Embodiment. It is typical sectional drawing of one state of the height adjustment unit by 4th Embodiment. It is typical sectional drawing of another state of the height adjustment unit by 4th Embodiment.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a part of a foundation and a lower segment according to a first embodiment of a tower, in particular a tower of a wind power plant. A plurality of height adjustment units 500 are installed on the foundation 100, and further, a leveling ring or a load distribution ring 200 is installed on the height adjustment unit 500. With this adjustment unit 500, the load distribution ring 200 can be accurately leveled or level-positioned. Grout material (so-called grout mortar) is injected into the gap between the surface 110 of the foundation 100 and the lower surface 110 of the load distribution ring 200. In this case, the load distribution ring 200 is lined completely and without air confinement or hollow space so that the tower load acting on the load distribution ring can be transmitted to the entire surface of the grout material in contact with the foundation 100. It must be. In other words, there should be no intermediate space between the grout material 300 and the surface 110 of the foundation 100 and the lower surface 210 of the leveling ring 200.

  On the load distribution ring 200, a lower tower segment 400 is installed and fixed. In some cases, another securing element may be provided between the load distribution ring 200 and the lower tower segment 400.

  After the grout material 300 is cured, when the lower tower segment 400 is fixed on the load distribution ring 200, or when another tower segment is fixed on the lower tower segment 400, the gap grout material and the height adjustment unit 500 are fixed. The weight or load acting on the will increase. In this case, the grout material 300 in the gap acts to receive a compressive force. However, when the gap grout material is compressed more strongly than the height adjustment unit 500 due to its low hardness, the force or flow of load from the load distribution ring 200 to the foundation 100 causes the gap grout material 300 to flow. Results in (substantially) being transmitted through at least some height adjustment units 500 rather than through (e.g. the case of stainless steel height adjustment screws according to the state of the art). However, if the load distribution is concentrated on the height adjustment unit 500, surface pressure exceeding an allowable limit value may act on the foundation under the height adjustment unit 500, and as a result. The foundation under the height adjustment unit 500 may be damaged.

  The height adjusting unit 500 is preferably formed as a height adjusting screw, and can be manufactured from, for example, plastic (HDPE). In this case, the height adjustment unit can certainly accept the weight of the load distribution ring 200, but when the limit value of the load or surface pressure is reached, i.e., for example, a tower segment is installed on the load distribution ring. And designed to lose function, yield, or damage. This ensures that load flow can no longer occur through the height adjustment screw. However, since there is a grout or gap grout 300 between the foundation surface 110 and the lower surface 210 of the load distribution ring 200, the tower load is evenly received by the gap grout 300 and the foundation Can be guided to the foundation 100 with a predetermined surface pressure that does not damage the surface.

  Accordingly, the above sizing or design of the height adjustment unit 500 is selected such that a collapse or loss of function of the height adjustment unit 500 is intentionally approved or caused systematically by the design. The This avoids unacceptably high surface pressures in the area of the foundation under the height adjustment unit 500, as occurs with current technology. In this case, it is of course possible to determine the standard dimensions of the height adjustment unit 500, i.e., such that the height adjustment unit 500 according to the invention can reliably carry, for example, a weight of up to 350 kg. Is possible. In this case, the number of height adjustment units 500 necessary for the load distribution ring is determined by the weight of the load distribution ring 200. However, in this case, of course, at least three height adjustment units 500 are always used in order to ensure stable installation of the load distribution ring. If the three height adjustment units 500 have a carrying capacity of 350 kg, a load distribution ring with a weight of 1 t can be leveled. As material for the height adjustment unit, for example, HD polyethylene or, preferably, other thermoplastic or injection-moldable plastics can be used.

  Further, forming the height adjustment unit 500 as a plastic height adjustment screw is advantageous from the viewpoint of the material cost of the height adjustment unit 500. Since the height adjusting unit 500 cannot be taken out after the gap grout material 300 is filled, it cannot be reused.

  The height adjustment unit 500 according to the present invention improves the load distribution to the tower foundation 100 when the gap grout material partially loses its function, and further reduces the cost of the foundation 100 or the height adjustment unit 500. realizable. In this case, the height adjustment unit 500 can be implemented as a height adjustment screw having a metric screw.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a height adjustment unit according to the second embodiment. The height adjustment unit 500 according to the second embodiment can be used, for example, as the height adjustment unit in the first embodiment. The height adjustment unit 500 is preferably formed as a height adjustment screw, in which case the height adjustment unit 500 has an outer element 510 and an inner element 520. The outer element 510 includes a support leg 512, or alternatively, a pedestal ring (not shown) instead of the support leg 512, or alternatively, a pedestal plate (also not shown), and an internal screw 511. The inner element 520 has an outer screw 521 and an upper element 523. In the figure, this upper element 523 is represented by a broken line at a high position where it can be moved by turning a screw, and is indicated by reference numeral 523 '. In this case, the outer thread 521 of the inner element 520 is naturally complementary to the inner thread 511 of the outer element 510.

  Support legs 512 or pedestal rings (not shown) or pedestal plates (also not shown) are installed on the surface 110 of the foundation 100 and guide the flow of load to the foundation. Meanwhile, the upper elements 523 and 523 ′ serve to receive the load distribution ring 200. By rotating the inner element 520, the height of the height adjustment unit can be adjusted. In this case, this height can be adjusted, for example, between 80 and 120 mm. Obviously, other ranges, for example 50-90 mm, are possible, depending on the structural realization of the height adjustment unit.

  The upper elements 523, 523 'of the inner element 520 can be polygonal. As a result, the height adjustment screw can be adjusted in the field, i.e. in the installed position at the bottom of the load distribution ring 200 (not shown in this figure), with a suitable tool, e.g. an open or fork wrench. The load distribution ring 200 can be easily leveled.

  Loss of function or yield of the height adjustment unit according to the first or second embodiment under a weight or load exceeding the limit value (or surface pressure exceeding the limit value) Related to damage, failure and / or destruction of the adjusting screw. In this case, for example, the screw of the height adjustment screw can be damaged, which can lead to loss of function or yield of the height adjustment screw.

  The height adjustment unit according to the present invention can carry a maximum load of 0.5 to 0.7 t, for example. The load distribution can have a weight of 900 kg to 4000 kg, for example (depending on the aspect of the tower).

  3A and 3B each show a schematic cross-sectional view of a height adjustment unit according to a third embodiment. In FIG. 3A, the height adjustment unit 600 is shown with a first height 600a. This height is the minimum height of the height adjustment unit 600. The height adjustment unit 600 according to the third embodiment includes first and second portions (trapezoidal portions) 630 and 640 having a trapezoidal cross section, and trapezoidal portions 630 and 640 each having a smaller side face disposed oppositely. . The height adjustment unit 600 further includes first and second wedge portions 610 and 620. The first and second wedge portions 610, 620 engage the first and second trapezoidal portions 630, 640, respectively. The height adjustment unit 600 according to the third embodiment further includes an adjuster 650, and the adjuster 650 can adjust the distance between the first and second wedge portions 610 and 620.

  FIG. 3B shows a state in which both wedge portions 610, 620 are brought closer together by the regulator 650, ie, the distance between the first and second wedge portions 610, 620 is reduced. By reducing the spacing between the first and second wedge portions 610, 620, the first and second trapezoidal portions 630, 640 are pushed upward or downward, resulting in the height of the height adjustment unit 600 being increased. The height 600b is higher than the minimum height 600a shown in FIG. 3A. Thus, according to the third embodiment, a height adjustment unit that can change the spacing between the first and second wedge portions 610, 620 by actuating the adjuster 650, and thus the first and second The trapezoidal portions 630, 640 can be pushed upward or downward, so that a height adjustment unit is provided that can increase or decrease the height of the height adjustment unit 600.

  The height adjustment unit 600 according to the third embodiment having first and second wedge portions 610, 620 and first and second trapezoidal portions 630, 640 is manufactured from plastic.

  Therefore, the height adjustment unit according to the third embodiment can yield under a weight or load exceeding a limit value, similarly to the height adjustment unit according to the first or second embodiment. This surrender can be a surrender with destruction.

  4A and 4B each show a schematic cross-sectional view of a height adjustment unit according to the fourth embodiment. The height adjusting unit 700 according to the fourth embodiment includes a first trapezoidal portion or trapezoidal portion 730 and first and second wedge portions 710 and 720. The first and second wedge portions 710, 720 can be interconnected via the regulator 750 such that the spacing between the first and second wedge portions 710, 720 can be varied. In FIG. 4A, a height 700a corresponding to the minimum height of the height adjustment unit is shown.

  FIG. 4B shows the height adjustment unit according to the fourth embodiment in a state in which the distance between the wedge portions 710 and 720 is reduced compared to the distance shown in FIG. 4A. Accordingly, the trapezoidal portion 730 is pushed upward by the first and second wedge portions 710 and 720, and as a result, the height 700b of the height adjustment unit 700 is increased.

  Similar to the height adjustment unit according to the first, second or third embodiment, the height adjustment unit according to the fourth embodiment can yield when the load or weight limit value is exceeded. This yield can likewise be a yield with fracture.

  The regulator according to the third and fourth embodiments can be formed as a screw element.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Base 500 ... Height adjustment unit 200 ... Load distribution ring 300 ... Grout material 400 ... Tower segment 600, 700 ... Height adjustment unit 610, 710 ... 1st Wedge portion 620, 720 ... Second wedge portion 650, 750 ... Adjuster 630, 640, 730, 740 ... Trapezoidal portion

Claims (9)

A method for constructing a tower of wind power generation equipment,
Providing a foundation (100);
Installing a plurality of height adjustment units (500) on the foundation (100);
Installing a load distribution ring (200) on the plurality of height adjustment units (500);
Leveling and leveling the load distribution ring (200) by adjusting the height adjustment unit (500);
Filling a gap between the foundation (100) and the load distribution ring (200) with a grout material (300);
Installing the tower segment (400) on the load distribution ring (200) after the grout material has reached a predetermined strength;
In the construction method including
The plurality of height adjustment units (500) are dimensioned such that they can jointly carry the weight of the load distribution ring (200);
Each of the plurality of height adjustment units is configured to yield when a large force exceeding a predetermined limit value acts on one of the plurality of height adjustment units,
The predetermined limit value is a surface pressure that acts on the foundation through the height adjusting unit and damages the foundation;
The height adjustment unit (500) is manufactured entirely from plastic,
A method characterized by that.   The method of claim 1, wherein the height adjustment unit (500) is used in the form of a height adjustment screw.   The height adjusting unit (600, 700) has first and second wedge portions (610, 620; 710, 720), and the distance between them can be changed by the adjuster (650, 750). Further, the trapezoidal portion (630, 640; 730, 740) cooperates with the first and second wedge portions such that the height of the height adjustment unit varies. The method described. Basic (100),
A plurality of height adjustment units (500) on the foundation (100);
A load distribution ring (200) installed on the plurality of height adjustment units (500);
A grout material (300) in the gap between the foundation (100) and the load distribution ring (200);
At least one tower segment (400) on the load distribution ring (200);
A tower of wind power generation equipment comprising:
The height adjustment unit (500) is dimensioned such that they can jointly carry the weight of the load distribution ring (200),
Each of the plurality of height adjustment units is configured to yield when a large force exceeding a predetermined limit value acts on one of the plurality of height adjustment units,
The predetermined limit value is a surface pressure that acts on the foundation through the height adjusting unit and damages the foundation;
The height adjustment unit (500) is manufactured entirely from plastic,
A tower characterized by that.   5. Tower according to claim 4, characterized in that the height adjustment unit (500) is in the form of a height adjustment screw.   The height adjustment unit adjusts the spacing between the first and second wedge portions (610, 620; 710, 720) and the first and second wedge portions (610, 620; 710, 720). An adjusting device (650, 750) and at least one trapezoidal portion (630, 640; 730, 740), wherein the height of the height adjusting unit is the first and second wedge-shaped portions 6. A tower according to claim 4 or 5, which is adjustable by changing the spacing between the two. Wind turbine generator having a tower according to any one of claims 4-6. A height adjustment unit (500) carrying a load distribution ring (200) of a tower of a wind turbine generator according to claim 4,
A height adjustment unit (500), wherein each of the height adjustment units (500) is made of a plastic material. Use of a height adjustment unit (500) carrying a load distribution ring of a tower of a wind turbine generator according to claim 8 , wherein at least one tower segment (400) of the tower is above the load distribution ring. Use of a plastic height adjustment unit (500) installed.

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