JP5682660B2 - White particles for display, particle dispersion for display, display medium, and display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a display white particle, a display particle dispersion, a display medium, and a display device.

  Conventionally, a display medium using migrating particles is known as a display medium that can be rewritten repeatedly. This display medium includes, for example, a pair of substrates and particles sealed between the substrates so as to be movable between the substrates in accordance with an electric field formed between the pair of substrates. Moreover, in order to display white in a display medium, white particle | grains may be enclosed between board | substrates.

  For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose white particles using vinyl naphthalene.

JP 2006-96985 A JP 2007-231208 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide white particles for display in which sedimentation is suppressed.

The above problem is solved by the following means. That is,
The invention according to claim 1
White polymer particles containing white polymer particles containing at least one selected from a biphenyl compound having one vinyl group and a biphenyl compound having two vinyl groups as a polymerization component and not containing a pigment particle.

The invention according to claim 2
A group of particles comprising the white particles for display according to claim 1;
A dispersion medium for dispersing the particle group;
A particle dispersion for display.

The invention according to claim 3
A pair of substrates at least one having translucency and disposed with a gap;
A group of electrophoretic particles encapsulated between the pair of substrates and migrating in response to an electric field;
A white particle group encapsulated between the pair of substrates and containing the display white particles according to claim 1;
A dispersion medium enclosed between the pair of substrates and for dispersing the electrophoretic particle group and the white particle group;
A display medium.

The invention according to claim 4
A display medium according to claim 3;
Electric field forming means for forming an electric field between the pair of substrates;
A display device comprising:

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 1, compared with the white particle which consists of a titanium oxide particle, the white particle | grain for display by which sedimentation was suppressed can be provided.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 2, compared with the case where the white particle which consists of a titanium oxide particle is applied as a white particle group, the particle dispersion liquid for display in which sedimentation of the display white particle was suppressed can be provided.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 3, 4, compared with the case where the white particle which consists of titanium oxide particles is applied as a white particle group, the display medium by which stable white display is maintained, and a display apparatus can be provided.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display device according to a first embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the movement aspect of a particle group when a voltage is applied between the board | substrates of the display medium of the display apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of the display apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a diagram which shows typically the relation between the applied voltage and the amount of movement of particles (display density) in the display device concerning a 2nd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the relationship between the voltage aspect applied between the board | substrates of a display medium, and the movement aspect of particle | grains.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

(White particles for display, particle dispersion for display)
The white particles for display according to this embodiment include a biphenyl compound having one vinyl group and a biphenyl compound having two vinyl groups (hereinafter, these two types of biphenyl compounds may be referred to as “vinyl biphenyl compounds”). As a constituent element, a white polymer containing at least one selected from the above as a polymerization component is used.
In addition, the display white particle which concerns on this embodiment is a white polymer particle, and the aspect which does not contain a pigment is applied.

Here, conventionally, when the background color of the display medium is white, from the viewpoint of maintaining the white display, it is desirable to maintain the display white particles suspended in the dispersion medium.
However, inorganic white particles such as titanium oxide particles have a high refractive index, so that a high whiteness display is realized. However, since the specific gravity is high (high density), the sedimentation phenomenon with time is not observed. As a result, it is difficult to maintain a stable white display.

On the other hand, in the white particles for display according to this embodiment, sedimentation is suppressed by using as a constituent element a polymer containing at least one vinylbiphenyl compound as a polymerization component. This is because a polymer containing at least one vinylbiphenyl compound as a polymerization component is a material having a low specific gravity (for example, a material having a specific gravity of 1.1 or less).
As a result, a stable white display is maintained in the display medium (and display device) to which the display white particles according to the present embodiment are applied.

  In the white particles for display according to this embodiment, a polymer containing at least one vinylbiphenyl compound as a polymerization component is a material that tends to exhibit a high refractive index (for example, 1.63 to 1.66). Also, white display with high whiteness can be realized.

  Further, in the white particles for display according to the present embodiment, the electric field responsiveness is reduced because the polymer containing at least one vinylbiphenyl compound as a polymerization component is a material that tends to exhibit low chargeability. That is, the migration speed due to the electric field is reduced. As a result, in the display medium (and the display device), the display white particles are difficult to migrate together with the other color display particles (electrophoretic particles) due to the electric field. Display characteristics are unlikely to be affected, and as a result, mixed color display due to the electric field responsiveness of the display white particles is suppressed.

  Hereinafter, each component will be described.

The white particles for display according to the present embodiment are composed of a polymer containing at least one selected from vinylbiphenyl compounds as a polymerization component.
That is, the display white particles according to the present embodiment are configured to include the polymer.

Specifically, the polymer that is a component of the white particles is preferably a copolymer of at least one polymer component selected from vinyl biphenyl compounds and other polymer components.
Examples of the other polymerization component include at least one selected from a polymerization component having a silicone chain, a polymerization component having an alkyl chain, and a nonionic polymerization component.

Examples of the polymer constituting the white particles include, for example,
1) a copolymer of at least one polymerization component selected from vinylbiphenyl compounds, a polymerization component having a silicone chain, and, if necessary, a nonionic polymerization component;
2) a copolymer of at least one polymerization component selected from vinylbiphenyl compounds, a polymerization component having an alkyl chain, and, if necessary, a nonionic polymerization component,
3) A copolymer of at least one polymerization component selected from vinylbiphenyl compounds and a nonionic polymerization component may be mentioned.

The vinyl biphenyl compound is selected from a biphenyl compound having one vinyl group and a biphenyl compound having two vinyl groups.
Examples of the biphenyl compound having one vinyl group include monovinyl biphenyl (for example, monovinyl biphenyl represented by the following structural formula (A)).
Examples of the biphenyl compound having two vinyl groups include divinyl biphenyl (for example, divinyl biphenyl represented by the following structural formula (B)).

As a polymerization component having a silicone chain (a monomer having a silicone chain), a dimethyl silicone compound having a (meth) acrylate group at one end (a silicone compound represented by the following structural formula (1). For example, JNC Corporation Manufactured by: Silaplane: FM-0711, FM-0721, FM-0725, etc., manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd .: X-22-174DX, X-22-2426, X-22-2475, etc.), the following structural formula (2) The silicone compound etc. which are represented by-(6) are mentioned.
The polymerization component having a silicone chain may be a monomer or a macromonomer. This "macromonomer" is a generic term for oligomers having a polymerizable functional group (degree of polymerization of about 2 or more and about 300 or less) or polymers, and has the properties of both polymers and monomers. is there. Moreover, the polymerizable component having a silicone chain may be used alone or in combination.

In the structural formula (1), R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R ¹ ′ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. m represents a natural number (for example, 1 to 1000, preferably 3 to 100). x represents an integer of 1 to 3.

In structural formulas (2), (3), (5) and (6), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are each independently A hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is represented. R ⁸ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. p, q, and r each independently represent an integer of 1 to 1000. x represents an integer of 1 to 3.

In the structural formula (4), R ¹ ′ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. m represents a natural number (for example, 1 to 1000, preferably 3 to 100). x represents an integer of 1 to 3.

In the silicone compounds represented by the structural formulas (2) and (5), R ¹ and R ⁵ are butyl groups, R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ are methyl groups, and R ⁸ is methyl In an embodiment, p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.

In the silicone compounds represented by the structural formulas (3) and (6), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are methyl groups, and R ⁸ Is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, p, q and r are each independently an integer of 1 to 3, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.

  Examples of the silicone compound represented by the structural formula (2) include MCS-M11 manufactured by Gelest. Examples of the silicone compound represented by the structural formula (3) include RTT-1011 manufactured by Gelest. Examples of the silicone compound represented by the structural formula (4) include MCR-V21 manufactured by Gelest. Examples of the silicone compound represented by the structural formula (5) include MCS-V12 manufactured by Gelest. Examples of the silicone compound represented by the structural formula (6) include VTT-106 manufactured by Gelest. The structural formulas of these silicone compounds are shown below.

  In MCS-M11, m and n in the above structural formula are each independently an integer of 2 or more and 4 or less, and the molecular weight thereof is 800 or more and 1000 or less.

  In MCR-V21, m is an integer of 72 or more and 85 or less in the above structural formula, and the molecular weight thereof is 5500 or more and 6500 or less.

  In MCS-V12, m and n are integers of 6 or more and 10 or less in the above structural formula, and the molecular weight thereof is 1200 or more and 1400 or less.

  Examples of the polymerization component having an alkyl chain (a monomer having an alkyl chain) include long-chain alkyl (meth) acrylates, and specifically include, for example, an alkyl chain having 4 to 30 carbon atoms. And butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.

  Examples of nonionic polymerization components (nonionic monomers) include nonionic monomers. Specific examples include (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters, (meth) acrylamide, and ethylene. , Propylene, butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, N-dialkyl-substituted (meth) acrylamide, vinyl carbazole, styrene, styrene derivatives, vinyl naphthalene, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, isoprene, butadiene, vinyl pyrrolidone, Examples thereof include hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate.

  The notation “(meth) acryl” is “acryl, methacryl”, the notation “(meth) acrylo” is “acrylo, methacrylo”, the notation “(meth) acrylate” is “acrylate, methacrylate”. It means both notations.

  In the polymer that is a component of the white particles, the mass ratio of the vinylbiphenyl compound is preferably 1% by mass to 99% by mass (preferably 10% by mass to 80% by mass) with respect to the entire polymer. .

Next, the characteristics of the display white particles will be described.
The volume average particle size of the white particles for display is, for example, preferably from 0.1 μm to 10 μm, desirably from 0.15 μm to 5 μm, and more desirably from 0.15 μm to 1 μm.
In addition, the volume average particle diameter of the particle is a value measured by “FPAR-1000: particle diameter analyzer” manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.

Next, a method for producing display white particles will be described.
The white particles for display are, for example, added to the organic solvent, each raw material component (monomer) of the polymer that is a component of the white particles, and, if necessary, other additives such as a polymerization initiator. Mix to adjust the dispersion.
Thereafter, for example, when the polymerization reaction is advanced by heating the dispersion, the polymer is precipitated together with the polymerization reaction to form a granular material.
Specifically, for example, a polymerized portion of a vinyl biphenyl compound as a polymerization component becomes a site incompatible with an organic solvent along with polymerization, and precipitates to grow particles. For this reason, in the case of a polymer containing other polymerization components as polymerization components, it is considered that particles grow while the polymerization sites of the vinylbiphenyl compound are oriented on the inside and the polymerization sites of the other polymerization components are oriented on the outside.
Here, as the organic solvent to be used, for example, a solvent having a property of dissolving a vinyl biphenyl compound but not dissolving a polymer thereof is employed. Specifically, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent such as paraffin or hexane is used. A single solvent or a mixed solvent of these solvents, a silicone oil, and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene is used.

Next, a display particle dispersion using display white particles will be described.
A display particle dispersion using display white particles (display particle dispersion according to the present embodiment) includes a particle group including display white particles and a dispersion medium for dispersing the particle group.
The display particle dispersion may contain other display particles (electrophoretic particles) as a particle group. In addition, acids, alkalis, salts, dispersants, dispersion stabilizers, stabilizers for the purpose of preventing oxidation or UV absorption, antibacterial agents, preservatives, etc. may be added to the display particle dispersion as necessary. May be.

  Various dispersion media used for display media are applied as the dispersion medium, but a low dielectric solvent (for example, a dielectric constant of 5.0 or less, preferably 3.0 or less) may be selected. The dispersion medium may use a solvent other than the low dielectric solvent, but preferably contains 50% by volume or more of the low dielectric solvent. In addition, the dielectric constant of a low induction solvent is calculated | required with a dielectric constant meter (made by Nippon Luft).

Examples of the low dielectric solvent include petroleum-derived high-boiling solvents such as paraffinic hydrocarbon solvents, silicone oils, and fluorinated liquids, which should be selected according to the type of copolymer that is a component of the coating layer. Is good.
Specifically, for example, when applying a copolymer containing a polymerization component having a silicone chain as the polymerization component, it is preferable to select silicone oil as the dispersion medium. Moreover, when applying the copolymer containing the polymerization component which has an alkyl chain as a polymerization component, it is good to select a paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent as a dispersion medium. Of course, it is not limited to this.

  Specific examples of the silicone oil include silicone oils in which a hydrocarbon group is bonded to a siloxane bond (for example, dimethyl silicone oil, diethyl silicone oil, methyl ethyl silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, diphenyl silicone oil, etc.). Of these, dimethyl silicone is particularly desirable.

  Examples of the paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent include normal paraffinic hydrocarbons and isoparaffinic hydrocarbons having 20 or more carbon atoms (boiling point of 80 ° C. or higher), but it is desirable to use isoparaffins for reasons such as safety and volatility. . Specifically, Shell Sol 71 (manufactured by Shell Petroleum), Isopar O, Isopar H, Isopar K, Isopar L, Isopar G, Isopar M (Isopar is a trade name of Exxon), IP Solvent (manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical), etc. Can be mentioned.

Charge control agents include ionic or nonionic surfactants, block or graft copolymers composed of a lipophilic part and a hydrophilic part, polymers such as cyclic, star-like or dendritic polymers (dendrimers) Copolymerization of a compound having a chain skeleton, a metal complex of salicylic acid, a metal complex of catechol, a metal-containing bisazo dye, a tetraphenylborate derivative, a polymerizable silicone macromer (manufactured by JNC: Silaplane) and an anionic monomer or a cationic polymer Examples include coalescence.
More specific examples of the ionic and nonionic surfactants are as follows. Nonionic activators include polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene dodecyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, And fatty acid alkylolamide. Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylphenyl sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, higher fatty acid salt, sulfate of higher fatty acid ester, sulfonic acid of higher fatty acid ester, and the like. Examples of the cationic surfactant include primary to tertiary amine salts and quaternary ammonium salts. These charge control agents are desirably 0.01% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and particularly desirably 0.05% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the solid content of the particles.

  The display white particles and the display particle dispersion according to the present embodiment are used for an electrophoretic display medium or the like.

(Display medium, display device)
Hereinafter, examples of the display medium and the display device according to the embodiment will be described.

-First embodiment-
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating a movement mode of the particle group when a voltage is applied between the substrates of the display medium of the display device according to the first embodiment.

In the display device 10 according to the first embodiment, a non-white electrophoretic particle group that migrates in response to an electric field is applied as the particle group 34 of the display medium 12, and the reflective particle group 36 is for display according to the present embodiment. This is a form in which a white particle group including white particles is applied.
Further, as the particle group 34, a particle group 34A and a particle group 34B which has a different color from the particle group 34A and has a different charging polarity are applied.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the display device 10 according to the present embodiment includes a display medium 12, a voltage application unit 16 that applies a voltage to the display medium 12, and a control unit 18.

  The display medium 12 includes a display substrate 20 that serves as an image display surface, a rear substrate 22 that faces the display substrate 20 with a gap, and holds a space between these substrates at a specific interval, and between the substrates of the display substrate 20 and the rear substrate 22. The gap member 24 is configured to include a reflective particle group 36 having optical reflection characteristics different from that of the particle group 34 enclosed in each cell.

  The cell indicates a region surrounded by the display substrate 20, the back substrate 22, and the gap member 24. A dispersion medium 50 is enclosed in the cell. The particle group 34 is composed of a plurality of particles. The particle group 34 is dispersed in the dispersion medium 50 and reflects between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 according to the electric field strength formed in the cell. Move (migrate) through the gaps.

  In addition, the gap member 24 is provided so as to correspond to each pixel when the image is displayed on the display medium 12, and cells are formed so as to correspond to each pixel, so that the display medium 12 can display each pixel. It may be configured to do.

  Further, in the present embodiment, in order to simplify the description, the present embodiment will be described using a diagram focusing on one cell. Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.

First, the pair of substrates will be described.
The display substrate 20 has a configuration in which a surface electrode 40 and a surface layer 42 are sequentially laminated on a support substrate 38. The back substrate 22 has a configuration in which a back electrode 46 and a surface layer 48 are laminated on a support substrate 44.

  The display substrate 20 or both the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 are translucent. Here, the translucency in the present embodiment indicates that the visible light transmittance is 60% or more.

  Examples of the material of the support substrate 38 and the support substrate 44 include glass and plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate resin, polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, and polyethersulfone resin.

  As materials for the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46, oxides such as indium, tin, cadmium and antimony, composite oxides such as ITO, metals such as gold, silver, copper and nickel, organic materials such as polypyrrole and polythiophene, etc. Is mentioned. The surface electrode 40 and the back electrode 46 may be any of these single-layer films, mixed films, and composite films. The thicknesses of the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46 are preferably, for example, 100 mm or more and 2000 mm or less. The back electrode 46 and the surface electrode 40 may be formed in a matrix shape or a stripe shape, for example.

  Further, the surface electrode 40 may be embedded in the support substrate 38. Further, the back electrode 46 may be embedded in the support substrate 44. In this case, the materials of the support substrate 38 and the support substrate 44 are selected according to the composition of each particle of the particle group 34 and the like.

  The back electrode 46 and the surface electrode 40 may be separated from the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 and disposed outside the display medium 12.

  In the above description, the case where both the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 are provided with electrodes (the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46) has been described. However, only one of them is provided, and active matrix driving is performed. Also good.

  In order to perform active matrix driving, the support substrate 38 and the support substrate 44 may include a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) for each pixel. The TFT is preferably provided on the back substrate 22 instead of the display substrate.

Next, the surface layer will be described.
The surface layer 42 and the surface layer 48 are formed on the surface electrode 40 and the back electrode 46, respectively. Examples of the material constituting the surface layer 42 and the surface layer 48 include polycarbonate, polyester, polystyrene, polyimide, epoxy, polyisocyanate, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polybutadiene, polymethyl methacrylate, copolymerized nylon, ultraviolet curable acrylic resin, fluorine Examples thereof include resins.

  The surface layer 42 and the surface layer 48 may be configured to include the above-described resin and a charge transport material, or may be configured to include a self-supporting resin having a charge transport property.

Next, the gap member will be described.
The gap member 24 for holding a gap between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 is made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam curable resin, a photocurable resin, rubber, metal, or the like. The

The gap member 24 may be integrated with either the display substrate 20 or the back substrate 22. In this case, the support substrate 38 or the support substrate 44 is manufactured by performing etching processing, laser processing processing, press processing processing, printing processing, or the like using a previously manufactured mold.
In this case, the gap member 24 is fabricated on either the display substrate 20 side, the back substrate 22 side, or both.

  The gap member 24 may be colored or colorless, but is preferably colorless and transparent. In that case, the gap member 24 is made of, for example, a transparent resin such as polystyrene, polyester, or acrylic.

The particulate gap member 24 is also preferably transparent, and glass particles are used in addition to transparent resin particles such as polystyrene, polyester, or acrylic.
Note that “transparent” means having a transmittance of 60% or more with respect to visible light.

Next, the particle group will be described.
It is also desirable that the particle group 34 enclosed in the display medium 12 is dispersed in a polymer resin as the dispersion medium 50. The polymer resin is preferably a polymer gel, a polymer, or the like.

  As this polymer resin, agarose, agaropectin, amylose, sodium alginate, propylene glycol ester of alginate, isolikenan, insulin, ethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, curdlan, casein, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch, callose, agar, chitin , Chitosan, silk fibroin, gar gum, quince seed, crown gall polysaccharide, glycogen, glucomannan, keratan sulfate, keratin protein, collagen, cellulose acetate, gellan gum, schizophyllan, gelatin, elephant palm mannan, tunisin, dextran, dermatan sulfate, starch , Tragacanth gum, nigeran, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy In addition to polymer gels derived from natural polymers such as propylcellulose, pustulan, funolan, decomposed xyloglucan, pectin, porphyran, methylcellulose, methyl starch, laminaran, lichenan, lentinan, locust bean gum, etc. Includes almost all polymer gels.

  In addition, polymers containing functional groups of alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, and amide in the repeating unit are exemplified. For example, polyvinyl alcohol, poly (meth) acrylamide and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, and the like. Examples include copolymers containing molecules.

  Among these, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, poly (meth) acrylamide and the like are desirably used from the viewpoints of production stability, electrophoretic characteristics and the like.

  These polymer resins are desirably used as the dispersion medium 50 together with the insulating liquid.

  The particle group 34 enclosed in each cell is composed of a plurality of particles, and is dispersed in the dispersion medium 50, and the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 are formed according to the electric field strength formed in the cell. Move between different substrates.

  Particles of the particle group 34 include glass beads, insulating metal oxide particles such as alumina and titanium oxide, thermoplastic or thermosetting resin particles, those having a colorant fixed on the surface of these resin particles, heat Examples thereof include particles containing an insulating colorant in a plastic or thermosetting resin, and metal colloid particles having a plasmon coloring function.

  Examples of the thermoplastic resin used for producing the particles of the particle group 34 include styrenes such as styrene and chlorostyrene, monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isoprene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, and butyric acid. Α-methylene such as vinyl ester such as vinyl, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate There are homopolymers of aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl butyl ether, and vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone. The copolymer may be mentioned.

  In addition, as the thermosetting resin used for the production of particles of the particle group 34, a crosslinked resin such as a crosslinked copolymer or crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate having divinylbenzene as a main component, a phenol resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, Examples thereof include polyester resins and silicone resins. Particularly representative binder resins include polystyrene, styrene-alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-alkyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. Examples of the polymer include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyamide, modified rosin, and paraffin wax.

  As the colorant, organic or inorganic pigments, oil-soluble dyes, etc. can be used, magnetic powders such as magnetite and ferrite, carbon black, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, phthalocyanine copper-based cyan colorant, Known colorants such as an azo yellow color material, an azo magenta color material, a quinacridone magenta color material, a red color material, a green color material, and a blue color material can be used. Specifically, aniline blue, calcoil blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, DuPont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, lamp black, rose bengal, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 97, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3 etc. are exemplified as typical ones. These may be used in combination with a plurality of color materials.

  If necessary, a charge control agent may be mixed in the resin of the particles of the particle group 34. As the charge control agent, known materials used for toner materials for electrophotography can be used. For example, cetylpyridyl chloride, BONTRON P-51, BONTRON P-53, BONTRON E-84, BONTRON E-81 (above, Quaternary ammonium salts such as Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., salicylic acid metal complexes, phenol condensates, tetraphenyl compounds, metal oxide particles, and metal oxide particles surface-treated with various coupling agents.

A magnetic material may be mixed in the inside or the surface of the particles of the particle group 34 as necessary. As the magnetic material, a color-coated inorganic magnetic material or organic magnetic material is used as necessary. Further, a transparent magnetic material, in particular, a transparent organic magnetic material does not hinder the color development of the color pigment, and the specific gravity is smaller than that of the inorganic magnetic material, so that it is more desirable.
As the colored magnetic powder, for example, a small-diameter colored magnetic powder described in JP-A-2003-131420 may be used. A material provided with magnetic particles serving as nuclei and a colored layer laminated on the surface of the magnetic particles is used. The colored layer may be selected by coloring the magnetic powder opaque with a pigment or the like, but it is desirable to use, for example, a light interference thin film. This optical interference thin film is a thin film having a thickness equivalent to the wavelength of light made of an achromatic material such as SiO ₂ or TiO ₂ , and reflects light in a wavelength selective manner by optical interference in the thin film. is there.

  An external additive may be attached to the surface of the particles of the particle group 34 as necessary. The color of the external additive is desirably transparent so as not to affect the color of the particles of the particle group 34.

  As the external additive, inorganic particles such as metal oxides such as silicon oxide (silica), titanium oxide, and alumina are used. In order to adjust the chargeability, fluidity, environment dependency, and the like of the particles of the particle group 34, these may be surface-treated with a coupling agent or silicone oil.

  Coupling agents include positively chargeable ones such as aminosilane coupling agents, aminotitanium coupling agents, nitrile coupling agents, and silanes that do not contain nitrogen atoms (consisting of atoms other than nitrogen). There are negatively charged ones such as coupling agents, titanium-based coupling agents, epoxy silane coupling agents, and acrylic silane coupling agents. Silicone oil includes positively charged ones such as amino-modified silicone oil, dimethyl silicone oil, alkyl-modified silicone oil, α-methylsulfone-modified silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, chlorophenyl silicone oil, and fluorine-modified silicone. Examples include negatively chargeable oils. These are selected according to the desired resistance of the external additive.

Of the above external additives, well-known hydrophobic silica and hydrophobic titanium oxide are desirable. In particular, the reaction of TiO (OH) ₂ described in JP-A-10-3177 with a silane compound such as a silane coupling agent. The titanium compound obtained in (1) is preferred. As the silane compound, any of chlorosilane, alkoxysilane, silazane, and a special silylating agent can be used. This titanium compound is produced by reacting TiO (OH) ₂ produced in a wet process with a silane compound or silicone oil and drying. Since it does not pass through the firing step of several hundred degrees, a strong bond between Ti is not formed, there is no aggregation, and the particles of the particle group 34 are in the state of primary particles. Furthermore, since the silane compound or silicone oil reacts directly with TiO (OH) ₂ , it is possible to increase the amount of silane compound or silicone oil treated, and the charging characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the amount of silane compound treated. In addition, the chargeability imparted is also improved over that of conventional titanium oxide.

  The volume average particle diameter of the external additive is generally 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less, but is not limited thereto.

  The blending ratio of the external additive and the particles of the particle group 34 is adjusted based on the balance between the particle size of the particle group 34 and the particle size of the external additive. If the added amount of the external additive is too large, a part of the external additive is released from the particle surface of the particle group 34 and adheres to the surface of the particle of the other particle group 34 to obtain desired charging characteristics. Disappear. In general, the amount of the external additive is 0.01 to 3 parts by mass, and 0.05 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the particles of the particle group 34. Better.

  The external additive may be added to any one of the particles of the plurality of types of particle groups 34, or may be added to the particles of the plurality of types or all types of particle groups 34. When an external additive is added to the surface of all the particles of the particle group 34, the external additive is applied to the particle surface of the particle group 34 by impact force, or the particle surface of the particle group 34 is heated to apply the external additive. It is desirable to firmly adhere to the particle surface of the particle group 34. As a result, the external additive is liberated from the particles of the particle group 34, and the heteropolar external additive is prevented from agglomerating and forming an aggregate of external additives that are difficult to dissociate with an electric field. As a result, image quality deterioration is prevented.

  Since the particles of the particle group 34 move between the display substrate 20 and the rear substrate 22 according to the electric field formed between the substrates, they contribute to the movement according to the electric field such as the average charge amount or the electrostatic amount in advance. In the following description, it is assumed that the characteristics to be adjusted are adjusted in advance.

  Specifically, the adjustment of the average charge amount of the particles 34 is performed by adjusting the kind and amount of the charge control agent blended in the resin, the kind and amount of the polymer chain bonded to the particle surface of the particle group 34, and the particle group 34 Type and amount of external additive added to or embedded in the particle surface, type and amount of surfactant, polymer chain or coupling agent applied to the particle surface of particle group 34, specific surface area of particles of particle group 34 It is possible by adjusting (volume average particle diameter, shape factor of particles of particle group 34) and the like.

  As a method for producing the particles of the particle group 34, any conventionally known method may be used. For example, as described in JP-A-7-325434, a resin, a pigment, and a charge control agent are weighed to a specific mixing ratio, and after the resin is heated and melted, the pigment is added, mixed, dispersed, and cooled. After that, a method is used in which particles of the particle group 34 are prepared using a pulverizer such as a jet mill, a hammer mill, a turbo mill, and the obtained particles of the particle group 34 are then dispersed in a dispersion medium. Further, particles of the particle group 34 containing the charge control agent therein are prepared by a polymerization method such as suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, coacervation, melt dispersion, or emulsion aggregation method, and then the dispersion medium is used. The particle dispersion medium of the particle group 34 may be produced by dispersion. Further, the resin can be plasticized, the dispersion medium does not boil, and the resin, the colorant, the charge control agent, and the dispersion medium are at a temperature lower than the decomposition point of the resin, the charge control agent and / or the colorant. There are methods using suitable equipment for dispersing and kneading the raw materials. Specifically, the pigment, the resin, and the charge control agent are heated and melted in a dispersion medium with a meteor mixer, a kneader, etc., and the molten mixture is cooled with stirring using the temperature dependence of the solvent solubility of the resin. The particles of the particle group 34 are produced by solidification / precipitation.

  Furthermore, the above raw materials are put into a suitable container equipped with granular media for dispersion and kneading, for example, a heated vibration mill such as an attritor or a heated ball mill, and the container is placed in a desired temperature range, for example, 80 A method of dispersing and kneading at a temperature of from 0 ° C. to 160 ° C. is used. As granular media, steels such as stainless steel and carbon steel, alumina, zirconia, silica and the like are desirably used. In order to produce the particles of the particle group 34 by this method, the raw material that has been fluidized in advance is further dispersed in the container using granular media, and then the dispersion medium is cooled to precipitate the resin containing the colorant from the dispersion medium. . The granular media generates shear and / or impact to reduce the particle size while maintaining the motion state during and after cooling.

  The content (mass%) of the particle group 34 with respect to the total mass in the cell is not particularly limited as long as the desired hue can be obtained, and the cell thickness (that is, the display substrate 20 and the back substrate). It is effective for the display medium 12 to adjust the content according to the distance between the substrates). That is, in order to obtain a desired hue, the content can be decreased as the cell becomes thicker, and the content can be increased as the cell becomes thinner. Generally, it is 0.01 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less.

Next, the reflective particle group will be described.
The reflective particle group 36 is composed of reflective particles having optical reflection characteristics different from that of the particle group 34, and functions as a reflective member that displays a color different from that of the particle group 34. And it also has a function as a gap member to move without hindering movement between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22. That is, each particle of the particle group 34 is moved from the back substrate 22 side to the display substrate 20 side or from the display substrate 20 side to the back substrate 22 side through the gap between the reflective particle groups 36.
As the reflective particle group 36, the white particle group of the display white particles according to the present embodiment is applied.

Next, other configurations of the display medium will be described.
The size of the cell in the display medium 12 is closely related to the resolution of the display medium 12, and the smaller the cell, the higher the resolution of the display medium 12 can be produced. The length of the display substrate 20 in the plate surface direction is about 10 μm or more and 1 mm or less.

  In order to fix the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 to each other through the gap member 24, fixing means such as a combination of bolts and nuts, a clamp, a clip, and a substrate fixing frame are used. Also, fixing means such as an adhesive, heat melting, and ultrasonic bonding may be used.

  The display medium 12 configured as described above includes, for example, a bulletin board, a circulation version, an electronic blackboard, an advertisement, a signboard, a flashing sign, an electronic paper, an electronic newspaper, an electronic book, and a copier / printer in which images are stored and rewritten. Used for document sheets etc.

Next, the display device will be described.
As described above, the display device 10 according to the present embodiment includes the display medium 12, the voltage application unit 16 that applies a voltage to the display medium 12, and the control unit 18 (FIG. 1). reference).

  The voltage application unit 16 is electrically connected to the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46. In the present embodiment, the case where both the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46 are electrically connected to the voltage application unit 16 will be described. However, one of the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46 is grounded. The other may be connected to the voltage application unit 16.

  The voltage application unit 16 is connected to the control unit 18 so as to exchange signals.

  The control unit 18 stores in advance various programs such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that controls the operation of the entire apparatus, a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores various data, and a control program that controls the entire apparatus. Further, it may be configured as a microcomputer including a ROM (Read Only Memory).

  The voltage application unit 16 is a voltage application device for applying a voltage to the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46, and applies a voltage according to the control of the control unit 18 between the front electrode 40 and the back electrode 46.

Next, the operation of the display device 10 will be described. This operation will be described according to the operation of the control unit 18.
Here, among the particle groups 34 enclosed in the display medium 12, the case where the particle group 34B is negatively charged and the particle group 34B is positively charged will be described. In the following description, it is assumed that the dispersion medium 50 is transparent and the reflective particle group 36 is white. That is, in the present embodiment, a case will be described in which the display medium 12 displays the colors presented by the movement of the particle group 34A and the particle group 34B, and displays white as the background color.

First, an initial operation signal indicating that a voltage is applied for a specific time so that the surface electrode 40 is a negative electrode and the back electrode 46 is a positive electrode is output to the voltage application unit 16. When a negative electrode and a voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage at which the concentration variation ends is applied between the substrates, the particles constituting the particle group 34A charged on the negative electrode move to the back substrate 22 side, (See FIG. 2A). On the other hand, particles constituting the particle group 34B charged to the positive electrode move to the display substrate 20 side and reach the display substrate 20 (see FIG. 2A).
At this time, as the color of the display medium 12 visually recognized from the display substrate 20 side, white as the color of the reflective particle group 36 is used as the background color, and the color exhibited by the particle group 34B is visually recognized. Note that the particle group 34 </ b> A is concealed by the reflective particle group 36 and is difficult to be visually recognized.

  The T1 time may be stored in advance in a memory such as a ROM (not shown) in the control unit 18 as information indicating the voltage application time in the voltage application in the initial operation. Then, information indicating this specific time may be read at the time of processing execution.

Next, the polarity of the voltage applied between the substrates is reversed between the surface electrode 40 and the back electrode 46, and when the voltage is applied with the surface electrode 40 as the positive electrode and the back electrode 46 as the negative electrode, the negative electrode is charged. The moving particle group 34A moves to the display substrate 20 side and reaches the display substrate 20 side (see FIG. 2B). On the other hand, the particles constituting the particle group 34B charged to the positive electrode move to the back substrate 22 side and reach the back substrate 22 (see FIG. 2B).
At this time, as the color of the display medium 12 visually recognized from the display substrate 20 side, white as the color of the reflective particle group 36 is used as the background color, and the color exhibited by the particle group 34A is visually recognized. The particle group 34 </ b> B is concealed by the reflective particle group 36 and is difficult to be visually recognized.

  Thus, in the display device 10 according to the present embodiment, the display is performed when the particle group 34 (particle group 34A, particle group 34B) reaches the display substrate 20 or the back substrate 22 and adheres thereto.

-Second Embodiment-
The display device according to the second embodiment will be described below. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a relationship between an applied voltage and a moving amount (display density) of particles in the display device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the relationship between the voltage mode applied between the substrates of the display medium and the particle movement mode in the display device according to the second embodiment.

  The display device 10 according to the second embodiment is a form in which three types of particle groups 34 are applied. The three types of particle groups 34 are all charged with the same polarity.

As shown in FIG. 3, the display device 10 according to the second embodiment includes a display medium 12, a voltage application unit 16 that applies a voltage to the display medium 12, and a control unit 18.
In the display device 10 according to the second embodiment, the same components as those of the display device 10 described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The display medium 12 holds the display substrate 20 serving as an image display surface, the back substrate 22 facing the display substrate 20 with a gap, and holds the substrate between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 at a predetermined interval. A gap member 24 that partitions the substrate into a plurality of cells, a particle group 34 enclosed in each cell, and a reflective particle group 36 having optical reflection characteristics different from the particle group 34 are configured.
The opposing surfaces of the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 are charged as described in the first embodiment, and the surface layer 42 and the surface layer 48 are provided on the opposing surfaces.

  In the present embodiment, as the particle group 34, a plurality of types of particle groups 34 having different colors are dispersed in the dispersion medium 50.

In the present embodiment, as the three types of particle groups 34, particle groups 34 having different colors, that is, yellow yellow particle group 34Y, magenta magenta particle group 34M, and cyan cyan particle group 34C are dispersed. However, it is not limited to three types.
The plurality of types of particle groups 34 are particle groups that perform electrophoresis between substrates, and the absolute value of the voltage required to move in accordance with the electric field is different for each color particle group. That is, each color particle group 34 (yellow particle group 34Y, magenta particle group 34M, and cyan particle group 34C) has a voltage range necessary for moving each color particle group 34 for each color. Are different.

  As each particle of the plurality of types of particle groups 34 having different absolute values of voltages necessary to move in accordance with the electric field, for example, the type of resin that constitutes the particles among the materials that constitute the aforementioned migrating particles It can be obtained by preparing particle dispersions containing particles having different charge amounts by changing the concentration, the amount of charge, the amount of charge control agent, etc., and mixing them.

  Here, as described above, the yellow particle group 34Y, the magenta particle group 34M, and the cyan particle group 34C having different colors are dispersed as the three types of particle groups 34 in the display medium 12 according to the present embodiment. These plural kinds of particle groups 34 have different absolute values of voltages necessary for moving in accordance with the electric field in the respective color particle groups.

  In the present embodiment, the absolute value of the voltage when each of the three color particle groups, the magenta magenta particle group 34M, the cyan cyan particle group 34C, and the yellow yellow particle group 34Y, starts moving. In the following description, it is assumed that the magenta magenta particle group 34M is | Vtm |, the cyan cyan particle group 34C is | Vtc |, and the yellow yellow particle group 34Y is | Vty |. Further, the absolute value of the maximum voltage for moving all the three color particle groups of the magenta particle group 34M, the cyan cyan particle group 34C, and the yellow yellow particle group 34Y of each color particle group 34 is used. In the following description, it is assumed that the magenta magenta particle group 34M is | Vdm |, the cyan cyan particle group 34C is | Vdc |, and the yellow yellow particle group 34Y is | Vdy |.

  Note that the absolute values of Vtc, -Vtc, Vdc, -Vdc, Vtm, -Vtm, Vdm, -Vdm, Vty, -Vty, Vdy, and -Vdy described below are | Vtc | <| Vdc | <| Description will be made assuming that the relationship is Vtm | <| Vdm | <| Vty | <| Vdy |.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, the three types of particle groups 34 are all dispersed in the dispersion medium 50 in a state of being charged with the same polarity, and are necessary for moving the cyan particle groups 34C. Absolute value of voltage range | Vtc ≦ Vc ≦ Vdc | (absolute value of Vtc or more and Vdc or less), absolute value of voltage range necessary for moving magenta particle group 34M | Vtm ≦ Vm ≦ Vdm | The absolute value of the value below Vdm) and the absolute value of the voltage range necessary to move the yellow particle group 34Y | Vty ≦ Vy ≦ Vdy | (the absolute value of the value between Vty and Vdy) overlap in this order. It is set to become large without doing.

  Further, in order to independently drive each color particle group 34, the absolute value | Vdc | of the maximum voltage for moving all the cyan particle groups 34C is the absolute value of the voltage range necessary for moving the magenta particle group 34M. | Vtm ≦ Vm ≦ Vdm | (the absolute value of a value between Vtm and Vdm) and the absolute value of the voltage range necessary to move the yellow particle group 34Y | Vty ≦ Vy ≦ Vdy | (a value between Vty and Vdy) Is set smaller than the absolute value). Further, the absolute value | Vdm | of the maximum voltage for moving all the magenta particle groups 34M is the absolute value of the voltage range necessary for moving the yellow particle group 34Y | Vty ≦ Vy ≦ Vdy | (Vty or more, Vdy or more Is set to be smaller than the absolute value).

  That is, in this embodiment, the voltage groups necessary for moving the color particle groups 34 are set so as not to overlap, so that the particle groups 34 for each color are independently driven.

The “voltage range necessary for moving the particle group 34” means the voltage necessary for the particle to start moving and the change in display density even if the voltage and voltage application time are further increased from the start of movement. It shows the voltage range until it disappears and the display density is saturated.
Further, the “maximum voltage necessary for moving all the particle groups 34” means a voltage at which the display density does not change and the display density is saturated even if the voltage and the voltage application time are further increased from the start of the movement. Indicates.
In addition, “all” includes the fact that the characteristics of some of the particle groups 34 are different to the extent that they do not contribute to the display characteristics due to the variation in characteristics of the particle groups 34 of the respective colors. That is, even if the voltage and the voltage application time are further increased from the start of the movement described above, the display density does not change and the display density is saturated.
The “display density” is measured between the display surface side and the back side while measuring the color density on the display surface side with a reflection densitometer of optical density (Optical Density = OD) of X-rite. Apply a voltage and gradually change this voltage in the direction of increasing the measured concentration (increase or decrease the applied voltage) to saturate the concentration change per unit voltage, and in that state, adjust the voltage and voltage application time. Even when the density is increased, the density does not change, and the density is shown when the density is saturated.

  In the display medium 12 according to the present embodiment, the voltage applied between the substrates is gradually increased by applying a voltage from 0 V between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 to increase the voltage value of the applied voltage. When the value exceeds + Vtc, the display density starts to change due to the movement of the cyan particle group 34C in the display medium 12. Further, when the voltage value is increased and the voltage applied between the substrates becomes + Vdc, the change in display density due to the movement of the cyan particle group 34C in the display medium 12 stops.

  When the voltage value is further increased and the voltage applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 exceeds + Vtm, a change in display density due to the movement of the magenta particle group 34M starts to appear in the display medium 12. When the voltage value is further increased and the voltage applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 becomes + Vdm, the change in display density due to the movement of the magenta particle group 34M in the display medium 12 stops.

  Further, when the voltage value is increased and the voltage applied between the substrates exceeds + Vty, a change in display density due to the movement of the yellow particle group 34Y starts to appear in the display medium 12. When the voltage value is further increased and the voltage applied between the substrates becomes + Vdy, the change in display density due to the movement of the yellow particle group 34Y in the display medium 12 stops.

  On the other hand, if the negative voltage from 0V is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 to gradually increase the absolute value of the voltage and the absolute value of the voltage −Vtc applied between the substrates is exceeded. In the display medium 12, the display density starts to change due to the movement of the cyan particle group 34C between the substrates. Furthermore, when the absolute value of the voltage value is increased and the voltage applied between the display substrate 20 and the rear substrate 22 becomes −Vdc or more, the change in display density due to the movement of the cyan particle group 34C in the display medium 12 occurs. Stop.

  When the negative voltage is further applied by increasing the absolute value of the voltage value, and the voltage applied between the display substrate 20 and the rear substrate 22 exceeds the absolute value of −Vtm, the magenta particles are displayed on the display medium 12. A change in display density due to movement of the group 34M begins to appear. When the absolute value of the voltage value is further increased and the voltage applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 becomes −Vdm, the change in display density due to the movement of the magenta particle group 34M in the display medium 12 stops. .

  When the absolute value of the voltage value is further increased to apply a negative voltage, and the voltage applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 exceeds the absolute value of −Vty, yellow particles are displayed on the display medium 12. The display density starts to change due to the movement of the group 34Y. When the absolute value of the voltage value is further increased and the voltage applied between the substrates becomes −Vdy, the change in display density due to the movement of the yellow particle group 34Y in the display medium 12 stops.

  That is, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the voltage applied between the substrates is within the range of −Vtc to + Vtc (voltage range | Vtc | or less). When applied between the substrates, the particle groups 34 (cyan particle group 34C, magenta particle group 34M, and yellow particle group 34Y) move so much that the display density of the display medium 12 changes. I can say no. When a voltage higher than the absolute values of the voltage + Vtc and the voltage −Vtc is applied between the substrates, the display density of the display medium 12 is changed with respect to the cyan particle group 34C among the three color particle groups 34. The display density starts to change for the first time, and when the voltage −Vdc and a voltage greater than the absolute value | Vdc | of the voltage Vdc are applied, the display density per unit voltage does not change.

  Furthermore, when a voltage that is applied between the substrates is between −Vtm and + Vtm (voltage range | Vtm | or less) is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22, the display medium Thus, it can be said that the magenta particle group 34M and the yellow particle group 34Y do not move so much that the display density of 12 changes. When a voltage higher than the absolute value of the voltage + Vtm and the voltage −Vtm is applied between the substrates, the display density of the display medium 12 is changed for the magenta particle group 34M of the magenta particle group 34M and the yellow particle group 34Y. The display density per unit voltage begins to change to the extent that particles are generated to the extent that they are generated, and when a voltage greater than the absolute value | Vdm | of the voltage −Vdm and the voltage Vdm is applied, the display density changes. Disappear.

  In addition, when a voltage that is applied between the substrates is between −Vty and + Vty (voltage range | Vty | or less) is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22, the display medium 12. It can be said that the movement of the particles of the yellow particle group 34Y has not occurred to the extent that the display density changes. When a voltage higher than the absolute value of the voltage + Vty and the voltage −Vty is applied between the substrates, the yellow particle group 34Y starts to move and display a particle that causes a change in the display density of the display medium 12. When the density starts to change and a voltage greater than the absolute value | Vdy | of the voltage −Vdy and the voltage Vdy is applied, the display density does not change.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the mechanism of particle movement when an image is displayed on the display medium 12 will be described.

  For example, the display medium 12 will be described assuming that the yellow particle group 34Y, the magenta particle group 34M, and the cyan particle group 34C described with reference to FIG.

  In the following, the voltage applied between the substrates that is larger than the absolute value of the voltage necessary for the particles constituting the yellow particle group 34Y to start moving and less than or equal to the maximum voltage of the yellow particle group 34Y is referred to as “large voltage”. The voltage applied between the substrates that is larger than the absolute value of the voltage necessary for the particles constituting the magenta particle group 34M to start moving and is equal to or less than the maximum voltage of the magenta particle group 34M is referred to as “medium voltage”. The voltage applied between the substrates that is larger than the absolute value of the voltage required for the particles constituting the cyan particle group 34C to start moving and below the maximum voltage of the cyan particle group 34C is referred to as a “small voltage”. To do.

  Further, when a higher voltage is applied to the display substrate 20 side than the back substrate 22 side between the substrates, the respective voltages are respectively “+ large voltage”, “+ medium voltage”, and “+ small voltage”. Called. When a voltage higher than that on the display substrate 20 side is applied to the rear substrate 22 side between the substrates, the respective voltages are respectively “−large voltage”, “−medium voltage”, and “−small voltage”. Will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, when all of the magenta particle group 34M, the cyan particle group 34C, and the yellow particle group 34Y as all the particle groups are positioned on the back substrate 22 side in the initial state (white display). State), when a “+ large voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from this initial state, all the particle groups include a magenta particle group 34M, a cyan particle group 34C, and a yellow particle group 34Y. Moves to the display substrate 20 side. In this state, even if the voltage application is canceled, each particle group does not move while adhering to the display substrate 20 side, and subtractive color mixing (magenta) by the magenta particle group 34M, the cyan particle group 34C, and the yellow particle group 34Y. In this case, the black color is displayed by the subtractive color mixture of cyan and yellow. (See FIG. 5B).

  Next, when “−medium voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the state of FIG. 5B, the magenta particle group 34 </ b> M among the particle groups 34 of all colors and cyan The particle group 34 </ b> C moves to the back substrate 22 side. For this reason, since only the yellow particle group 34Y is attached to the display substrate 20 side, yellow display is performed (see FIG. 5C).

  Further, when “+ small voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the state of FIG. 5C, the magenta particle group 34M and the cyan particle group 34C moved to the back substrate 22 side. The cyan particle group 34C moves to the display substrate 20 side. For this reason, the yellow particle group 34Y and the cyan particle group 34C are attached to the display substrate 20 side, and green is displayed by the subtractive color mixture of yellow and cyan (see FIG. 5D).

  In addition, when a “−small voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the state of FIG. 5B, among all the particle groups 34, the cyan particle group 34 C is on the back substrate 22 side. Move to. For this reason, since the yellow particle group 34Y and the magenta particle group 34M are attached to the display substrate 20 side, red display is performed by additive mixing of cyan and magenta (see FIG. 5I).

  On the other hand, when “+ medium voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the initial state shown in FIG. 5A, all the particle groups 34 (magenta particle group 34M, cyan particle group 34C) are applied. , And the yellow particle group 34Y), the magenta particle group 34M and the cyan particle group 34C move to the display substrate 20 side. For this reason, since the magenta particle group 34M and the cyan particle group 34C are attached to the display substrate 20 side, blue is displayed by the subtractive color mixing of magenta and cyan (see FIG. 5E).

When a “−small voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the state of FIG. 5E, the magenta particle group 34M and the cyan particle group 34C adhering to the display substrate 20 side. Among them, the cyan particle group 34C moves to the back substrate 22 side.
Therefore, only the magenta particle group 34M is attached to the display substrate 20 side, so that a magenta color is displayed (see FIG. 5F).

When a “−high voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the state of FIG. 5F, the magenta particle group 34M adhering to the display substrate 20 side is moved to the back substrate 22 side. Moving.
For this reason, since nothing is adhered to the display substrate 20 side, white is displayed as the color of the reflective particle group 36 (see FIG. 5G).

  When a “+ small voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the initial state shown in FIG. 5A, all the particle groups 34 (magenta particle group 34M, cyan particle group) are applied. 34C and the yellow particle group 34Y), the cyan particle group 34C moves to the display substrate 20 side. For this reason, the cyan particle group 34C adheres to the display substrate 20 side, so that a cyan color is displayed (see FIG. 5H).

Further, when a “−large voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the state shown in FIG. 5I, all the particle groups 34 are back as shown in FIG. Moving to the substrate 22 side, white display is performed.
When a “−large voltage” is applied between the display substrate 20 and the back substrate 22 from the state shown in FIG. 5D, all the particle groups 34 are transferred to the back as shown in FIG. Moving to the substrate 22 side, white display is performed.

In the present embodiment, by applying a voltage corresponding to each particle group 34 between the substrates, the target particles are selectively moved according to the electric field generated by the voltage, so that particles of a color other than the target color are used. Is suppressed from moving in the dispersion medium 50, color mixing of colors other than the target color is suppressed, and color display is performed while suppressing deterioration in image quality of the display medium 12.
In addition, if the absolute value of the voltage required for each particle group 34 to move according to the electric field is different from each other, even if the voltage ranges necessary for moving according to the electric field overlap with each other, clear color display is possible. However, when the voltage ranges are different from each other, color mixing is further suppressed and color display is realized.

  Further, by dispersing the three color particle groups 34 of cyan, magenta, and yellow in the dispersion medium 50, cyan, magenta, yellow, blue, red, green, and black are displayed, and for example, white reflective particles It is realized that the group 36 displays white and performs a specific color display.

  In the display medium 12 and the display device 10 according to any of the above embodiments, the surface electrode 40 is provided on the display substrate 20 and the back electrode 46 is provided on the back substrate 22, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes (ie, between the substrates). In the above description, the particle group 34 is moved (migrated) between the substrates for display. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the surface electrode 40 is provided on the display substrate 20 while the gap is provided between the electrodes. An electrode may be provided on the member, and a voltage may be applied between the electrodes to move and display the particle group 34 between the display substrate 20 and the gap member.

  In the display medium 12 and the display device 10 according to any of the above embodiments, the display medium 12 is described by providing the display substrate 20 with the surface electrode 40 and the back substrate 22 with the back electrode 46. The form arrange | positioned outside the display medium 12 may be sufficient.

  In the display medium 12 and the display device 10 according to any of the above-described embodiments, the mode in which two or three kinds (two colors or three colors) of particle groups (34A, 34B) are applied as the particle group 34 has been described. One type (one color) of particle groups may be applied, or four types (four colors) or more of particle groups may be applied.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.

[Comparative Example 1]
(Preparation of titanium oxide particle dispersion)
Titanium oxide particles (CR-EL, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd .: primary particle size 0.25 μm): 1 part by mass KP-545 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.): 0.15 parts by mass Dimethyl silicone oil (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2cs): 10 parts by mass The materials described above were mixed, 20 parts by mass of zirconia beads (φ1 mm) was added to the mixed solution, and the mixture was dispersed with a rocking mill for 1 hour, and then zirconia. The beads were removed to obtain a titanium oxide particle dispersion. The obtained titanium oxide particles had a volume average particle size of 0.43 μm.

  The obtained titanium oxide particle dispersion was used as a comparative white particle dispersion.

[Example 1]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 1)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass Silaplane FM-0721 (manufactured by JNC, weight average molecular weight Mw = 5000: structural formula (1) [R ¹ = methyl group, R ^{1 ′} = Butyl group, m = 68, x = 3]): 1 part by mass / Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 part by mass / Isopar M (Isopar M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil): 10 mass Parts / hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.): 2 parts by mass / toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass After the materials were mixed and heated at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, dimethyl silicone oil (Shin-Etsu Chemical) The solvent was replaced with KF-96L-2cs (viscosity 2cs) manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd.
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.53 μm.
The resulting resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 1.

[Example 2]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 2)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 0.95 mass parts 4,4′-divinylbiphenyl (manufactured by synthonyx): 0.05 mass parts Silaplane FM-0721 (manufactured by JNC, weight) Average molecular weight Mw = 5000: Structural formula (1) [R ¹ = methyl group, R ^{1 ′} = butyl group, m = 68, x = 3]): 1.5 parts by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 parts by mass-Isopar M (Isopar M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil): 10 parts by mass-Hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co.): 2 parts by mass-Toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co.): 2 parts by mass Then, after mixing each material and heating at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, solvent substitution was performed with dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2 cs made by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl and 4,4′-divinylbiphenyl as polymerization components was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.51 μm.
The obtained resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 2.

[Example 3]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 3)
・ 4,4′-divinylbiphenyl (manufactured by synthonyx): 0.5 part by mass ・ Silaplane FM-0721 (manufactured by JNC, weight average molecular weight Mw = 5000: structural formula (1) [R ¹ = methyl group, R ^{1 ′} = butyl group, m = 68, x = 3]): 1.5 parts by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.015 parts by mass Isopar M (Isopar M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil) ): 10 parts by mass / hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass / toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass After mixing the materials with the above composition and heating at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, dimethyl silicone Solvent substitution was performed with oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2cs manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4,4′-divinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.47 μm.
The obtained resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 3.

[Example 4]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 4)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass MCS-M11 (manufactured by Gelest): 1 part by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 part by mass Isopar M (Isopar) M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil Corporation): 10 parts by mass / hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co.): 2 parts by mass / toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass Then, the solvent was replaced with dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2 cs manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.48 μm.
The obtained resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 4.

[Example 5]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 5)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass RTT-1011 (manufactured by Gelest): 1 part by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 parts by mass Isopar M (Isopar) M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil Corporation): 10 parts by mass / hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co.): 2 parts by mass / toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass Then, the solvent was replaced with dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2 cs manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.46 μm.
The obtained resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 5.

[Example 6]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 6)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass MCR-V21 (manufactured by Gelest): 0.7 part by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 part by mass (Isopar M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil Co., Ltd.): 10 parts by mass hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass, toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass After heating at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, the solvent was replaced with dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2 cs manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.42 μm.
The obtained resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 6.

[Example 7]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 7)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass MCS-V12 (manufactured by Gelest): 0.7 part by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 part by mass (Isopar M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil Co., Ltd.): 10 parts by mass hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass, toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass After heating at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, the solvent was replaced with dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2 cs manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.45 μm.
The obtained resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 7.

[Example 8]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 8)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass VTT-106 (manufactured by Gelest): 0.7 part by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 part by mass (Isopar M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil Co., Ltd.): 10 parts by mass hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass, toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass After heating at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, the solvent was replaced with dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2 cs manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles was 0.47 μm.
The resulting resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 8.

[Example 9]
(Preparation of white particle dispersion 9)
4-vinylbiphenyl (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass Silaplane FM-0721 (manufactured by JNC, weight average molecular weight Mw = 5000): 0.7 part by mass MCS-M11 (manufactured by Gelest, Weight average molecular weight Mw = 800 to 1000): 0.3 part by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0.03 part by mass Isopar M (Isopar M: registered trademark, manufactured by ExxonMobil): 10 parts by mass Hexane (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.): 2 parts by mass / toluene (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): 2 parts by mass The above compositions were mixed and heated at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, and then dimethyl silicone oil (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) The solvent was replaced with KF-96L-2cs (viscosity 2cs).
As a result, a resin particle dispersion composed of a copolymer containing 4-vinylbiphenyl as a polymerization component was obtained. The obtained resin particles had a volume average particle size of 0.50 μm.
The obtained resin particle dispersion was designated as white particle dispersion 9.

[Evaluation]
The following evaluation was performed about each obtained white particle dispersion liquid. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Whiteness maintenance)
A white particle dispersion liquid in which the solid content of the particles (shown in Table 1) was adjusted so that the whiteness was 35% in the produced element sample was placed between a pair of glass substrates on which indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were formed ( A device sample sealed in a cell in which a 50 μm spacer (gap member) was interposed between a pair of glass substrates was produced.
And after leaving the produced element sample for 12 hours in the state leaned upright, the whiteness of the element sample was measured.
The evaluation criteria are as follows.
A: The whiteness was 30% or more.
B: The whiteness was 25% or more and less than 30%.
C: The whiteness was 20% or more and less than 25%.
D: The whiteness was less than 20%.
The whiteness was determined by measuring the white reflection density using a color meter X-Rite 404 (manufactured by X-Rite) and converting it to white reflectance based on the following formula.
Formula: Whiteness (white reflectance) = 10− ^{(white reflection density)} * 100%

(Charge amount)
Each white particle dispersion obtained was adjusted so that the solid content of the particles was 10% by mass, and then between a pair of glass substrates on which indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were formed (50 μm between the pair of glass substrates). In a cell with a spacer (gap member) interposed therebetween, to produce a device sample having a display area of 2 cm × 2 cm. And about the element sample, the charge amount (nC) was measured using 6515SYSTEMELECTROMETER (made by KEITHLEY).

(Mixed color display)
-Fabrication of device samples-
The solid particles of the following cyan particles were mixed at a concentration of 1.5% by mass, and the solid components of each white particle were mixed at a concentration (described in Table 1) at which the whiteness was 35%, thereby obtaining a mixed dispersion.
Next, an element sample in which the mixed dispersion is sealed between a pair of glass substrates on which indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are formed (in a cell in which a 50 μm spacer (gap member) is interposed between the pair of glass substrates). Was made.

-Cyan particle dispersion-
Hydroxyethyl methacrylate 65 parts by mass, Cyplane FM-0721 (manufactured by JNC, weight average molecular weight Mw = 5000) 30 parts by mass, methacrylic acid 5 parts by mass are mixed with 100 parts by mass of isopropyl alcohol, and AIBN as a polymerization initiator: 0.2 mass part was melt | dissolved and superposition | polymerization was performed under nitrogen at 70 degreeC for 6 hours. The product was purified using hexane as a reprecipitation solvent and dried to obtain a polymer.

Next, 0.5 g of the above polymer was added to 9 g of isopropyl alcohol and dissolved, and then 0.5 g of a cyan pigment made by Sanyo Dye (Cyanine Blue 4973) was added and zirconia balls of 0.5 mmΦ were used for 48 hours. Dispersion was performed to obtain a pigment-containing polymer solution.
3 g of this pigment-containing polymer solution was taken out, and 12 g of 2CS silicone oil (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd .: KF96) was added dropwise and emulsified while applying ultrasonic waves, and then heated to 60 ° C. Then, drying was performed under reduced pressure, and IPA was evaporated to obtain electrophoretic particles containing a polymer and a pigment. Thereafter, the particles are settled with a centrifuge, the supernatant is removed, 5 g of the silicone oil is added, ultrasonic waves are applied, washed, the particles are settled with a centrifuge, the supernatant is removed, 5 g of the above silicone oil was added to obtain a cyan particle dispersion. The obtained cyan particles had a volume average particle size of 0.2 μm cyan particles.
The charging polarity of the particles in the dispersion was negatively charged as a result of being obtained by enclosing the dispersion between two electrode substrates and applying a DC voltage to evaluate the migration direction.

-Evaluation method-
DC (direct current) with a voltage of 10 V was applied to both electrodes of the element sample, and the cyan particles were moved by switching between positive and negative. When a positive voltage was applied to the display-side electrode, cyan particles moved to the display-side glass substrate and displayed cyan. On the other hand, when a negative voltage was applied to the electrode on the display side, the cyan particles moved to the glass substrate on the back side and displayed white.
Then, a positive voltage was applied to the display-side electrode to evaluate the mixed color display of cyan and white when displaying cyan. Specifically, the cyan density when a positive voltage was applied to the substrate on the display side was measured and evaluated using a colorimeter X-Rite 404 (manufactured by X-Rite).
The evaluation criteria are as follows.
A: Cyan density 0.9 or more B: Cyan density 0.7 or more and less than 0.9 C: Cyan density 0.5 or more and less than 0.7 D: Cyan density less than 0.5

(viscosity)
After adjusting the solid content of each obtained white particle dispersion so that the whiteness is 35% (described in Table 1), using a digital viscometer LVDVII + (manufactured by BROOKFIELD), the viscosity of the dispersion is adjusted. It was measured.
Here, it was 5.9 cP when the viscosity of the following reference white particle dispersion (particle solid content 25% by mass) was also measured in the same manner.

-Reference white particle dispersion-
4-vinylnaphthalene (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass Silaplane FM-0721 (manufactured by JNC, weight average molecular weight Mw = 5000): 1 part by mass Lauroyl peroxide (manufactured by Aldrich): 0 0.03 parts by mass After the materials were mixed and heated at 65 ° C. for 18 hours, the solvent was replaced with dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96L-2cs viscosity 2 cs manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
As a result, a vinyl naphthalene particle dispersion was obtained.
The obtained vinyl naphthalene particle dispersion was used as a reference white particle dispersion.

From the above results, it can be seen that the present example is superior in whiteness maintainability although the solid content of the white particle dispersion having a whiteness of 35% is larger than that of the comparative example.
In this example, it can be seen that the charge amount of the white particles in the white particle dispersion is smaller than that of the comparative example, the mixed color display is good, and the electric field response of the white particles is reduced.
In addition, it turns out that a viscosity raise has arisen with reference white particle dispersion liquid compared with the white particle dispersion part of a present Example and a comparative example.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Display apparatus, 12 Display medium, 16 Voltage application part, 18 Control part, 20 Display board | substrate, 22 Back board | substrate, 24 Gap member, 34 (34A, 34B, 34Y, 34C, 34M) Particle group, 36 Reflective particle group, 38 Support substrate, 40 Surface electrode, 42 Surface layer, 44 Support substrate 46 Back electrode, 48 Surface layer, 50 Dispersion medium

Claims (4)

White polymer particles containing white polymer particles containing at least one selected from a biphenyl compound having one vinyl group and a biphenyl compound having two vinyl groups as a polymerization component and not containing a pigment particle. A group of particles comprising the white particles for display according to claim 1;
A dispersion medium for dispersing the particle group;
A particle dispersion for display. A pair of substrates at least one having translucency and disposed with a gap;
A group of electrophoretic particles encapsulated between the pair of substrates and migrating in response to an electric field;
A white particle group encapsulated between the pair of substrates and containing the display white particles according to claim 1;
A dispersion medium enclosed between the pair of substrates and for dispersing the electrophoretic particle group and the white particle group;
A display medium. A display medium according to claim 3;
Electric field forming means for forming an electric field between the pair of substrates;
A display device comprising: