JP5679889B2 - 骨孔用プラグ部材 - Google Patents
骨孔用プラグ部材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5679889B2 JP5679889B2 JP2011093764A JP2011093764A JP5679889B2 JP 5679889 B2 JP5679889 B2 JP 5679889B2 JP 2011093764 A JP2011093764 A JP 2011093764A JP 2011093764 A JP2011093764 A JP 2011093764A JP 5679889 B2 JP5679889 B2 JP 5679889B2
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title description 54
- 210000001264 anterior cruciate ligament Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000010478 bone regeneration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000002303 tibia Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000034158 bleeding Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000426 patellar ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 206010018999 Haemorrhage subcutaneous Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007470 bone biopsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 238000002278 reconstructive surgery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000025674 Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018852 Haematoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061223 Ligament injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001188 articular cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002439 hemostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001621 ilium bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000281 joint capsule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000008482 osteoarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/12—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/028—Other inorganic materials not covered by A61L31/022 - A61L31/026
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/146—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0847—Mode of fixation of anchor to tendon or ligament
- A61F2002/0858—Fixation of tendon or ligament between anchor and bone, e.g. interference screws, wedges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0876—Position of anchor in respect to the bone
- A61F2002/0882—Anchor in or on top of a bone tunnel, i.e. a hole running through the entire bone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
- A61F2002/2835—Bone graft implants for filling a bony defect or an endoprosthesis cavity, e.g. by synthetic material or biological material
- A61F2002/2839—Bone plugs or bone graft dowels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/10—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of tendons or ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/24—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for joint reconstruction
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
前十字靱帯損傷を受けた場合には、自然修復はほぼ不可能で、手術(ACL再建術)を行う必要がある。
前十字靱帯損傷を放置していると、関節内に血腫や腫脹が生じ、膝の安定性が低下し、半月板や関節包などを損傷してしまう危険性があり、膝が急にガクッと折れたり、様々な症状が現れる。靱帯損傷を長年放置しておくと、関節軟骨の損傷を引き起こし、膝組織の損傷が修復不可能な状態になり、膝関節が正常に働かなくなる変形性関節症に至ることもある。よって、なるべく早期にACL再建術を行なう必要がある。
例えば、特開2002−272756号公報は、再建靱帯頸骨側固定器具を開示している。この固定器具においても、骨孔は充分に塞がれていない。
(2)ACL再建術を行った後の腱の再断裂は5%〜10%と報告されており、2回目の再建術(再再建術)時に初回再建術の骨孔が問題になる。再再建術を行う場合は、症例により初回再建時の骨孔に、腸骨などより採取した自家骨を移植する手術を行い、骨癒合を得た後、2期的に再再建術を施行する必要があり、精神的、肉体的および経済的にも患者負担が大きい。
感染などの危険が低減される。手術後、骨に孔を開けたままであったり、また、生体組織と親和性の無い骨ロウで骨孔に蓋をした場合、皮下出血、それに伴う疼痛、腫脹、および感染のリスクが高い。本発明の部材は多孔体部分が50〜85%の気孔率であり、気孔間連通部が生体組織侵入可能な平均直径10〜100μmの連通部を介して繋がっているため、埋植後、骨の再生が可能であり、早期の骨再生を実現し、感染などのリスクおよび、出血によるリスク軽減が可能になり、治療費削減になる。
多孔体の気孔率は、50〜85%、好ましくは65〜80%である。気孔率が50%を切ると、骨再生能力が著しく低下し、また気孔率が85%を超えると強度が著しく低下する。気孔率とは、気孔の容積が部材の体積に対して何%になるかを表した数値である。気孔間連通部における平均連通部径が10〜100μm、特に20〜60μmであることが好ましい。気孔の平均直径は、100〜300μm、特に150〜200μmであることが好ましい。気孔の平均連通部径や平均直径は、水銀圧入ポロシメーター法等によって測定することができる。
プラグ部材は多孔体のみで構成されていてもよいが、多孔体と緻密体との複合体で形成されていることが好ましい。一般に、複合体において、傾斜している底面部分が緻密体からできている。
プラグ部材の円柱の側面の全体または一部(例えば、側面の1/30〜1/2、例えば1/20〜1/4)は、他方の底面が小さくなるように、テーパーしていてよい。テーパー角は、1〜40度、例えば3〜30度である。他の底面の直径は、骨孔の直径よりも、1〜10mm、例えば2〜6mm小さくてよい。他の底面が骨孔よりも小さいので、テーパー型形状のプラグ部材は、骨孔への挿入が容易である。
プラグ部材は、リン酸カルシウム系材料の起泡状スラリーを焼結し、その焼結体を機械加工することで成形できる。
プラグ部材が複合体である場合に、緻密体部分と多孔体部分は接着層無く一体品として成形されることが望ましい。ハイドロキシアパタイトなどのリン酸カルシウム系材料の起泡状スラリーを型に配置し、リン酸カルシウム系材料の非起泡状スラリーを後に流し込み一体化させた後に乾燥させる。乾燥させた後、800〜1400℃、特に1200℃で焼成することによって、接着剤などのリン酸カルシウム形素材以外の成分を一切含まず、一体品に成形できる。
1)ACL再建術の移植腱を骨孔に通し、大腿骨側を固定した後に、移植腱までの残った脛骨側骨孔長を専用デプスケージにて計測する。(骨孔の近位側の短いところを計測する)
2)計測した残った骨孔長に併せてプラグ部材を、メスなどを用いて切り目をいれ、切除する。
3)移植腱に連結した糸を引きながら、骨孔の近位側に長さを調整したプラグ部材を挿入する。プラグ部材は、固定剤などの必要なく、骨との接触によって骨孔に固定される。
図1Aは、多孔体と緻密体の複合体であるプラグ部材を示す側面図である。プラグ部材10は、多孔体11および緻密体12から形成されている。多孔体11と緻密体12とは、接着剤を用いることなく、一体型成型により接着層無く密着している。プラグ部材は、円柱状である。図1において、緻密体によって形成される底面は、一般に、平らであるが、底面は、骨の外形を考慮したどのような形状であってもよく、例えば中央部が外側に膨らむように湾曲していてもよい。
11,21,31,41,41’ 多孔体
12,32 緻密体
Claims (3)
- リン酸カルシウム系材料からできており、気孔率50〜85%の多孔体と気孔率0〜20%の緻密体との複合体からなるプラグ部材であって、
一方の底面が該緻密体により形成され、円柱の中心軸に対して30〜60度の角度をなしている円柱形状である該プラグ部材。 - 円柱形状が、テーパー型形状である請求項1に記載のプラグ部材。
- 前十字靱帯再建術に使用する請求項1または2に記載のプラグ部材。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011093764A JP5679889B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | 骨孔用プラグ部材 |
US13/159,619 US8652207B2 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-06-14 | Plug components for bone tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011093764A JP5679889B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | 骨孔用プラグ部材 |
Publications (2)
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JP2012223373A JP2012223373A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
JP5679889B2 true JP5679889B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
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JP2011093764A Active JP5679889B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | 骨孔用プラグ部材 |
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US (1) | US8652207B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5679889B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWM529516U (zh) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-10-01 | Joy Medical Devices Corp | 由硬化的骨水泥構成的骨孔填塞物 |
JP2022061568A (ja) * | 2020-10-07 | 2022-04-19 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 三次元造形物と、その製造方法および制御プログラム |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000217848A (ja) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-08 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 髄腔プラグ |
US6325804B1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2001-12-04 | Ethicon, Inc. | Method for fixing a graft in a bone tunnel |
JP2002272756A (ja) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-24 | Yoshio Koga | 膝関節の前十字靱帯再建手術用器具およびその再建靱帯脛骨側固定器具 |
JP4424876B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-11 | 2010-03-03 | メイラ株式会社 | 骨プラグ形成器具 |
JP4197157B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-16 | 2008-12-17 | デピュイ・プロダクツ・インコーポレイテッド | 軟骨修復再生装置および方法 |
EP1835867A2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2007-09-26 | Osteobiologics, Inc. | Implants and delivery system for treating defects in articulating surfaces |
KR20080108447A (ko) * | 2006-03-10 | 2008-12-15 | 타키론 가부시기가이샤 | 임플란트 복합재료 |
WO2008002682A2 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | Orthovita, Inc. | Bioactive bone graft substitute |
JP2008132303A (ja) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-06-12 | Mmt:Kk | 生体用部材 |
US8007533B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2011-08-30 | Rti Biologics, Inc. | Progressive grip assembled bone-tendon-bone grafts, methods of making, and methods of use |
CA2965384C (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2021-06-22 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Bi-layered bone-like scaffolds |
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2011
- 2011-04-20 JP JP2011093764A patent/JP5679889B2/ja active Active
- 2011-06-14 US US13/159,619 patent/US8652207B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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