JP5677769B2 - building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building such as a house.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in buildings such as houses, it is required to ensure air permeability by taking in air from the outside and exhausting it together with indoor air. Ensuring such air permeability is realized by installing an air intake part and an exhaust part on the outdoor surface of the building opposite to each other.

  In this case, a configuration has been proposed in which the exhaust portion is arranged at a position higher than the intake portion so that the wind taken in from the intake portion is guided obliquely upward (for example, Patent Documents). 1). This has a merit that efficient ventilation can be performed because it is a configuration that is suitable for the phenomenon that the taken-in air is heated and rises inside the building.

  And if this intake part and exhaust part are comprised as a window part, not only ventilation but the function as a lighting part for taking in sunlight indoors can also be given.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-76471

  However, depending on the situation where the site is located, there may arise a problem that it is difficult to perform daylighting through the exhaust section in a building built there. For example, when the exhaust part is in the direction of a building arranged on the north side, or when the outer wall part of an adjacent building exists close to the exhaust part, the lighting from the exhaust part becomes insufficient.

  Then, this invention makes it the main objective to provide the building which can ensure sufficient lighting, ensuring efficient ventilation, and can make both ventilation and lighting compatible.

  The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.

  That is, in the first invention, a building having a first outer wall portion and a second outer wall portion which are opposite to each other among the outer wall portions surrounding the building, and is provided on the first outer wall portion. The first wind intake portion, the first wind exhaust window portion provided on the second outer wall portion and disposed at a position higher than the first wind intake portion, the first wind intake portion, and the An indoor air passage that allows air to vent between the first wind exhaust window portion, and the ceiling portion is higher in the space region near the second outer wall portion than in the opposite space region near the first outer wall portion A first daylighting portion for taking in sunlight was installed on the rising outer wall portion on the first outer wall portion side in the portion formed and having a ceiling height.

  According to the first aspect of the invention, the air taken in from the first wind intake portion is guided to the first wind exhaust window portion while being heated indoors and rising while passing through the indoor air passage, and from there to the outdoors Efficient ventilation can be realized because it is exhausted. At the same time, even if the lighting from the first wind exhaust window is difficult due to the direction of the building or the proximity of adjacent buildings, etc., the first lighting section provided on the opposite side More sunlight is taken into the space area closer to the second outer wall. Thereby, sufficient lighting can be ensured even in the space region near the second outer wall portion that has been dependent on the lighting by the first wind exhaust window portion. As a result, it is possible to ensure sufficient lighting without being affected by the orientation of the building while ensuring efficient ventilation, and to achieve both ventilation and lighting.

  In the second invention, between the first outer wall portion and the second outer wall portion, on the inner side of the second outer wall portion, there is a first building component having space portions of an upper floor and a lower floor, Adjacent to the first building component and on the first outer wall side, the building is provided with a second building component having an atrium space communicating with the upper and lower floors. Of the space area and the space area of the second outer wall part, the upper floor space part of the first building component part is a space area near the second outer wall part, while the atrium space of the second building component part is It is a space area close to the first outer wall portion, and the upper floor space portion of the first building component and the atrium space are communicated with each other so as to allow ventilation, and the indoor ventilation path is connected to the atrium through the ventilation portion. It is comprised including the path | route from space to the upper floor space part of the said 1st building structure part.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the air taken indoors is guided to the first wind exhaust window, and passes through the ventilation path from the atrium space to the upper floor space of the first building component. In the ventilation path, since the floor surface becomes higher in order, an upward air flow is likely to be generated, which is suitable for ensuring air permeability.

  In the third invention, the building is formed with a depth longer than the frontage, and the first outer wall portion faces the road, and is between the first outer wall portion and the second outer wall portion. A third building component having upper and lower floor spaces adjacent to the second building component and closer to the first outer wall than the second building component; The floor space portion has a ceiling portion formed higher than the ceiling portion of the atrium space, and a second daylighting portion that takes in sunlight is installed on the outer wall portion on the first outer wall portion side in the ceiling height portion. The space between the upper floor space of the three building components and the atrium space, and the space between the atrium space and the lower floor space of the first building component are communicated so that light can pass.

  According to this 3rd invention, when sunlight is taken in from the 2nd daylighting part provided in the upper-floor ceiling height part of the 3rd building composition part, the sunlight will be 1st building composition part via the atrium space. Guided to the lower floor space. Thereby, the lighting to the upper floor space part of the 3rd building constituent part, the atrium space, and the lower floor space part of the first constituent part can be secured. As a result, even if adjacent buildings are arranged close to each other, the light can be taken from the road to the back without using a skylight.

  In particular, in a building such as a townhouse that has a depth longer than the frontage, daylighting into the indoor space existing on the back side is a major problem because of the relationship with neighboring buildings. Although measures using skylights are also conceivable, there is another problem of rain, and even if the skylights are installed on the lower floor, the problem cannot be solved. In that sense, the third invention recognizes the advantage that it is possible to achieve daylighting in the lower floor space without using a skylight.

  In 4th invention, between the said 1st outer wall part and the said 2nd outer wall part, the 4th building structure part is provided in the 1st outer wall part side adjacent to the said 3rd building structure part, The fourth building component is a building having upper and lower space parts and a roof provided at a position lower than the second daylighting unit, and the lower floor of the fourth building component The space portion is provided with the first wind intake portion on the first outer wall portion side, and is communicated with the lower floor space portion of the third building component so as to be ventilated. The upper floor space part of the fourth building component part is provided with a second wind intake part on the first outer wall side, and the upper part of the third building component part. The second outer space is communicated with the floor space portion so as to be able to vent, and in the upper floor space portion of the third building component portion, the portion having the ceiling height. The rising outer wall portion on the wall side is provided with a second wind exhaust window portion that exhausts the wind taken in from the second wind intake portion.

  According to this 4th invention, the air introduced into the lower floor space part of the 4th building structure part from the 1st wind intake part is the lower floor space part of the 3rd building structure part, the atrium space, the 1st building The air is guided to the first wind exhaust window through an air passage that passes through the upper floor space of the component. In addition, the air introduced from the second wind intake section into the upper floor space of the fourth building component passes through the upper floor space of the third building component, and the upper floor height of the third building component is increased. It is led to the second wind exhaust window provided in the portion. In this way, in a building formed with a depth longer than the frontage, a flow is formed in which air is guided obliquely upward on both the upper and lower floors, and ventilation in the entire depth direction can be realized.

  In 5th invention, at least said 2nd building structure part and 4th building structure part have the flat roof part in which the roof surface was formed flat among each said building structure part.

  According to the fifth aspect, since the roof surfaces of at least the second building component and the fourth building component are flat roofs, they are formed flat in front of the first lighting unit and the second lighting unit. The covered roof is spreading. Therefore, there is nothing blocking the daylight in front of these daylighting units, which is suitable for daylighting.

  In 6th invention, it is the building by which the drainage facility which discharges the water used in the said space part was provided in the lower floor space part of the said 1st building structure part, The said drainage system is a said 1st building structure part An exhaust system is provided which has a drain pipe extending from the road to the road side and exhausts the lower floor space of the first building component using the drain pipe.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the first building component existing on the back side of the building uses the drainage pipe of the drainage facility provided in the lower floor space, and the air in the lower floor space is on the road side. Will be discharged. In a kitchen, etc., exhausting the air that is muddy or contains odors, oils, etc. to the outside as it is is annoying to the residents of the adjacent building when there is an adjacent building nearby. There is a risk of letting you. In that respect, according to the said structure, the trouble to such an adjacent place can be suppressed.

  As the drainage system using a drain pipe, specifically, it is preferable that an exhaust pipe for exhausting the first building component is provided integrally with the drain pipe. Thus, by providing the drain pipe and the exhaust pipe integrally, drainage and exhaust in the first building component can be performed toward the road.

  In a seventh invention, the exhaust system includes an exhaust port provided in the lower floor space, an exhaust passage leading from the exhaust port to a drain pipe of the drainage facility, and the lower floor space portion to the exhaust passage. An exhaust means for exhausting air, and an on-off valve provided in the exhaust passage and opening the exhaust passage in accordance with the exhaust by the exhaust means.

  According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the air in the lower floor space is exhausted through the drain pipe. In this case, there is a possibility that the odor of the drain pipe may flow back into the lower floor space, but it is always closed and has an on-off valve that is opened when exhausting by the exhaust means is performed. Therefore, such a back flow of odor can be prevented. As the exhaust means, for example, exhaust may be forcibly performed using a fan device or the like, or exhaust may be performed using a negative pressure during drainage.

  In an eighth aspect of the invention, an outside air introduction section that introduces outside air into the lower floor space of the first building component and an outside air introduction section that allows the outside air introduction section to be introduced as the exhaust is performed. Control means for controlling the drive.

  According to the eighth aspect, since fresh outside air is introduced into the lower floor space in accordance with the exhaust by the exhaust means, the air environment of the lower floor space can be improved.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows a two-story house. The top view which shows a two-story house. Explanatory drawing explaining the lighting and the flow of air. The plane schematic diagram of the house which shows incidence of sunlight T. FIG.

  Hereinafter, a two-story house, which is an embodiment of the building of the present invention and is built southward, will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the two-story house, and the north-south direction is taken as a cutting line. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the house, showing a semi-underground portion, a first floor (1F) portion, a second floor (2F) portion, a first rooftop portion, and a second rooftop portion in order from the left side of the page. In FIG. 1, the left-right direction of the paper surface is the north-south direction, and in FIG. 2, the vertical direction of the paper surface is the north-south direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, there is a site S facing the road R and having a narrow frontage and a long depth. This site S is relatively small, and it is necessary to make the building area as large as possible. Therefore, a two-story house 10 is built so as to approach the adjacent land boundary line L with the adjacent site. In this way, the house 10 that is built close to the adjacent boundary L on three sides excluding the frontage, like the shape of the site S, is a building like a townhouse called a eel bed that has a narrow frontage and a long depth. ing.

  Moreover, the house 10 is divided into four component parts 21-24 from the frontage to the back. In order from the front side facing the road R, the road side component 21, the intermediate first component 22, the intermediate second component 23, and the back component 24 are provided. These components 21 to 24 are provided side by side in the depth direction (north-south direction). Note that these components 21 to 24 are merely divisions in the description of the house 10. For this reason, any structure, such as a steel frame construction method, a unit construction method, and a conventional wooden construction method, can be adopted for the two-story house 10.

  As will be described later, among the components 21 to 24, the innermost component 24 provided on the innermost side is the first building component, the second intermediate component 23 is the second building component, and the intermediate second The first component 22 corresponds to the third building component, and the road-side component 21 corresponds to the fourth building component. Further, the front outer wall portion 26 facing the road R in the road-side component 21 corresponds to the first outer wall portion, and the back-side outer wall portion 27 in the back-side component 24 corresponds to the second outer wall portion. Accordingly, the first outer wall side in this embodiment is the road (front) side, and the second outer wall side is the back side.

  Each of the components 21 to 24 includes a first floor portion 11 and a second floor portion 12. Each of the constituent parts 21 to 24 has a flat roof part (land roof) in which the roof surfaces 21a to 24a are flat. A solar panel 31 is installed on the roof surfaces 21a, 22a, 24a of the constituent parts 21, 22, 24 excluding the intermediate second constituent part 23. A part of the electric power used in the house 10 is covered by the power generation by the solar panel 31.

  On the other hand, a roof greening 32 is provided on the roof portion of the intermediate second component 23. Due to the presence of the rooftop greening 32, it is possible to reduce an increase in indoor temperature caused by the strong solar radiation in the summer on the roof surface 23a or the heat island phenomenon in an urban area. Although not shown, facilities such as a stairway and a passage leading to the rooftop greening 32 may be installed so that the facility can be used to go back and forth between the indoor and the rooftop greening 32. Thereby, it becomes possible to use the rooftop greening 32 as a rooftop garden, and a garden that is difficult to secure on the site S can be secured on the rooftop portion.

  Next, each of the components 21 to 24 will be described in detail.

  First, in the road-side component 21 that is closest to the road R (front) side, an inner garage (attached garage) 41 is provided on the first floor portion 11, and a space that allows one vehicle C to be parked. Is secured. The inner garage 41 corresponds to the lower floor space of the fourth building component. A shutter device 33 is provided at an entrance / exit portion to the inner garage 41, and the entrance / exit 41a of the inner garage 41 is opened / closed by the shutter curtain 33a. The shutter curtain 33a is of a pipe type, so that the air permeability between the inner garage 41 and the outside is ensured even in the closed state. For this reason, in this Embodiment, the entrance / exit 41a of the inner garage 41 is equivalent to a 1st wind taking-in part.

  The second floor portion 12 is provided with a first living room 51 such as a main bedroom. The first living room 51 corresponds to the upper floor space of the fourth building component. A front window 61 as a second wind take-in section is provided on the front south side of the first living room 51, and sunlight is taken into the first living room 51 through this front window 61 and the glass door is opened and closed. It is possible to ensure air permeability. In addition, in order to block the sunlight in summer and the line of sight from the outside, a curtain and a blind device are appropriately installed on the indoor side of the front window 61.

  Subsequently, in the intermediate first component 22 existing on the back side of the road side component 21, the floor of the first floor portion 11 is set to be higher than the floor of the inner garage 41, and the first floor space portion 42 includes , Entrance halls, halls, staircases going up and down the floor, water spaces such as toilets and bathrooms. The first floor space portion corresponds to the lower floor space portion of the third building component. The entrance / hole is arranged on the back side of the inner garage 41, and the entrance door 34 partitions between the two. The entrance door 34 has a vent hole, and a door that can ensure air permeability even in a closed state is employed. In addition, in the first floor space portion 42, a first skip floor K1 is installed at a portion where stairs are provided, and a first storage chamber 81 is secured below the first skip floor K1 (see FIG. 2). The power storage device 35 is stored in the first storage chamber 81, and the power generated by the solar panel 31 is stored in the power storage device 35.

  The second floor portion 12 is provided with a second living room 52 such as a child room. The second living room 52 corresponds to the upper floor space of the third building component. The second living room 52 is partitioned from the first living room 51 by a partition wall and the opening / closing door 36. However, the door 36 is provided with a vent and can ensure air permeability even in the closed state. The second living room 52 has the same floor surface height as the first living room 51 of the road-side component 21, but has a ceiling portion higher than the first living room 51. That is, the second living room 52 has the first ceiling height space A1 in the upper part thereof.

  For this reason, in the road side component 21 and the intermediate first component 22, there is a difference in height between the roof surfaces 21a and 22a, and the roof surface 22a of the intermediate first component 22 is higher than the roof surface 21a of the road side component 21. Is provided at a high position. A first rising south wall 71 that rises from the roof surface 21a of the road-side component 21 is provided on the road R side of the first ceiling height space A1.

  The first rising south wall portion 71 is provided with a front lighting window portion 62 as a second lighting portion. As shown in FIG. 2, the front daylighting window 62 is a single large glass window that extends over substantially the entire length and width of the first rising south wall 71 in order to capture more sunlight indoors. . However, in order to prevent the rainwater and the like from rebounding, the lower end thereof has a predetermined height higher than the roof surface 21a of the road-side component 21. As shown in FIG. 1, a fence 63 is provided on the outdoor side of the front daylighting window portion 62 so as to shield sunlight in summer when the solar altitude is high.

  The front lighting window 62 may be installed in a manner other than the above. For example, a plurality of glass windows may be provided side by side in the horizontal direction with a predetermined interval. Further, a plurality of glass windows can be arranged in the vertical direction, or an open / close type or a snap-in type can be adopted. In addition, as for the collar 63, a shutter device, a blind device, or the like may be installed instead.

  Subsequently, in the intermediate second component 23 existing on the back side of the intermediate first component 22, the first-floor space 43 and the second-floor space 53 communicate with each other to form an atrium space F. In the second living room 52 of the intermediate first component 22 that communicates with the blow-off space F without partitioning, a waist wall 52a is provided at the blow-off side end.

  The first floor space 43 is provided with a second skip floor K2 at a portion excluding the passage 44 (see FIG. 2). The floor height is higher than halls. The floor of the second skip floor K2 is a tatami floor, which is a tatami corner. Below the second skip floor K2, a second storage chamber 82 serving as a semi-basement portion is secured. The second storage chamber 82 stores a fuel cell device 37 serving as a power supply source used in the house 10 together with power generation by the solar panel 31. The second storage chamber 82 can be used as various article storages in addition to the fuel cell device 37. Therefore, although not shown, a stairway is provided for going back and forth between the first floor space 43 and the second storage chamber 82.

  In the intermediate second component 23, unlike the intermediate first component 22, the second-floor space 53 is not set to a ceiling height, and the roof surface 23a is the same height as the roof surface 21a of the road-side component 21. Is formed. For this reason, there is a height difference with respect to the roof surface 22 a of the intermediate first component 22, and it is provided at a position lower than the roof surface 22 a of the intermediate first component 22.

  Therefore, a rising north wall portion 72 that rises from the roof surface 23a of the intermediate second component 23 is provided on the back side of the first ceiling height space A1. The rising north wall 72 is provided with a front ventilation window 64 as a second wind exhaust window. The front ventilation window portion 64 is an openable and closable glass window, and a plurality (two in this embodiment as shown in FIG. 2) are provided side by side in the horizontal direction. When the front ventilation window 64 is opened, the air in the second living room 52 can be exhausted.

  Finally, in the back side constituent part 24 which exists on the back side of the intermediate second constituent part 23 and exists in the back side among the constituent parts 21 to 24, a dining kitchen 45 is provided on the first floor portion 11 thereof. ing. The dining kitchen 45 corresponds to the lower floor space of the first component. The floor height of the dining kitchen 45 is the same height as the first floor space portion 42 of the intermediate first component 22 and the passage 44 of the intermediate second component 23.

  The second floor portion 12 is provided with a third living room 54 such as a child room. The third room corresponds to the upper floor space of the first building component. Since the third living room 54 communicates with the blow-off space F without partitioning, a waist wall portion 54a is provided at the blow-off side end. The third living room 54 has the same floor height as the first living room 51 of the road-side component 21 and the second living room 52 of the intermediate first component 22, but has a ceiling similar to the second living room 52. The part is formed high. That is, the third living room 54 has the second ceiling height space A2 in the upper part thereof.

  For this reason, the roof surface 24a of the back side component 24 is set to the same height as the roof surface 22a of the intermediate first component 22, and is different from the roof surfaces 21a and 23a of the road side component 21 and the intermediate second component 23. There is a height difference, and it is provided at a position higher than those roof surfaces 21a, 23a. A second rising south wall portion 73 that rises from the roof surface 23a of the intermediate second component 23 is provided on the road R side of the second ceiling height space A2.

  The second rising south wall portion 73 is provided with a rear daylighting window portion 65 as a first daylighting portion. The rear daylighting window portion 65 is provided in the same installation manner as the front daylighting window portion 62 so that more sunlight is taken indoors. Similarly, a fence 66 is provided on the outdoor side. On the other hand, on the back side of the second ceiling height space A2, a rear ventilation window portion 67 as a first wind exhaust window portion is provided in the same installation manner as the front ventilation window portion 64. When the rear ventilation window 67 is opened, the air in the third living room 54 can be exhausted.

  By the way, in this embodiment, the third living room 54 of the back side component 24 corresponds to a space area near the second outer wall, and the blow-off space F of the intermediate second component 23 is a space near the first outer wall. Corresponds to the area.

  In the house 10, each part from the road side structure part 21 to the back side structure part 24 is comprised as mentioned above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the roof surface 22 a of the intermediate first component 22 and the rear component 24 is different from the roof surfaces 21 a and 23 a of the road component 21 and the intermediate second component 23. 24a protrude from the frontage to the back side. Moreover, the 1st roof in FIG. 2 has the roof top part of the road side structure part 21 and the intermediate | middle 2nd structure part 23, and the ceiling height part in the intermediate | middle 1st structure part 22 and the back | inner side structure part 24. . Similarly, on the second rooftop, the rooftop floor portions of the intermediate first component 22 and the back component 24 are shown.

  How the indoor lighting and air flow are secured in the house 10 having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the lighting and the flow of air using the same longitudinal sectional view of the house 10 as FIG.

  First, lighting will be described.

  In the summer when the solar altitude is high, the indoors become hot due to sunlight being taken in, which causes the indoor environment and cooling efficiency to deteriorate. For this reason, the front window 61 is shielded from light by, for example, closing a blind device or the like provided on the indoor side. In addition, since the solar radiation angle is high, sunlight is blocked by the eaves 63 and 66 in the front daylighting window portion 62 and the rear daylighting window portion 65. Thereby, it can suppress that sunlight is taken in into the inside of the house 10.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, in the winter when the solar altitude is low, the solar radiation angle of the sunlight T is also low, so that the sunlight T is taken indoors through the front lighting window 62 and the rear lighting window 65. . Among these, the sunlight T taken in from the front lighting window part 62 is first led through the second living room 52 to the atrium space F connected to the second living room 52 without partitioning. Furthermore, it is led to the dining kitchen 45 connected to the atrium space F without partitioning. Thereby, the lighting to the 2nd living room 52, the atrium space F, and the dining kitchen 45 is securable. Moreover, the sunlight T taken in from the rear lighting window 65 is guided to the third living room 54. Thereby, the lighting to the 3rd living room 54 is securable.

  By the way, in the house 10 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the three outer wall portions excluding the front south side, which is the frontage, are built close to the adjacent boundary line L. For this reason, even if a window portion is provided on the outer wall portion, the window portion is not considered as an opening portion that is effective for lighting as an opening portion of a living room in accordance with the Building Standard Law. If it does so, especially the 1st floor part 11 (dining kitchen 45) of the back side structure part 24 assumed the utilization as a living room cannot install a skylight etc., Therefore The problem that it becomes impossible to use as a living room may arise. Moreover, if a skylight or the like is not installed, the same problem may occur in the second floor portion 12 (third living room 54) of the back side component 24.

  In this respect, the sunlight T is taken in by the front daylighting window portion 62, so that the first floor portion 11 of the back side component portion 24 can also obtain the daylight. For this reason, the effective lighting area as a living room will be ensured by the front lighting window part 62, and the 1st floor part 11 of the back side structure part 24 can be utilized as a living room, ie, the dining kitchen 45 in this embodiment. it can.

  Further, in the atrium space F in the intermediate second component 23 and the second floor portion 12 (the second living room 52 and the third living room 54) of the intermediate first component 22 and the back side component 24, a skylight (top light) or the like is used. If installed, it can be an effective opening for lighting as an opening of a living room. However, the installation of a skylight or the like may cause another problem that sufficient consideration must be given to its waterproofness (rainfall). In addition, there is a problem that the installation space of the solar panel 31 is narrowed by the installation of the skylight.

  In this respect, the sunlight T is taken in by the front daylighting window part 62 and the rear daylighting window part 65, whereby daylighting is obtained in each room. Therefore, each room can be used as a living room without installing a skylight or the like. And since both the front daylighting window part 62 and the rear daylighting window part 65 are glass windows provided on the rising south wall parts 71 and 73, unlike the skylights provided on the roof part, it is easy to ensure waterproofness. It is also easy in terms of workability. Moreover, the installation space of the solar panel 31 is not narrowed.

  In addition to the above points, in the house 10, the front daylighting window 62 and the rear daylighting window 65 are located at the back, so that the sunlight T can be guided to the far side and the sunlight T can be taken. It has the advantage of daylighting that the settling time becomes longer. The advantage of the latter will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the house 10 showing the incidence of sunlight T, and (a) to (c) show different positions of the daylighting windows.

  FIG. 4A assumes, as a comparison target, a case where the first living room 51 of the house 10 has a ceiling height and a daylighting window portion X is provided on the road side. As illustrated, as the sun moves sequentially from the east side to the west side, sunlight T enters the house 10 from the daylighting window portion X. And the angle of the range in which the sunlight T which can reach the innermost part of the house 10 is incident, that is, the angle between the incident light T1 incident from the east end of the daylighting window portion X and the incident light T2 incident from the west end is , Θ1.

  On the other hand, when daylighting is performed at the front daylighting window 62 located at a position deeper than the daylighting window part X, sunlight that can reach the innermost part of the house 10 as shown in FIG. The angle of the range where T enters is θ2, which is larger than the angle θ1. This has shown that the time when sunlight T is taken in became long by the part which the angle became large.

  Even more conspicuous is the case where lighting is performed by the rear daylighting window portion 65 existing at a position deeper than the front daylighting window portion 62. As shown in FIG. 4C, the angle of the range in which sunlight T that can reach the innermost part of the house 10 is incident is θ3, which is larger than the angle θ2. For this reason, the time when sunlight T is taken in becomes further longer.

  Next, the air flow will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, particularly in the summer, when outside air is taken into the inner garage 41, outside air is guided to the third living room 54 through the first floor space 42 and the atrium space F of the intermediate first component 22. . Furthermore, the natural air flow that the outside air is exhausted from the rear ventilation window 67 together with the air existing indoors is formed. In this case, as described above, air permeability is ensured by the shutter curtain 33a and the entrance door 34, and the blow-through space F and the third living room 54 communicate with each other without partitioning, so that such an air flow can be formed. . This air flow path corresponds to an indoor ventilation path.

  Further, when the front window 61 is opened and the outside air is taken into the first living room 51, the outside air is guided to the second living room 52, and further, the natural airflow is exhausted from the front ventilation window 64 together with the indoor air. It is formed. In this case, since air permeability is ensured by the door 36, such an air flow can be formed.

  By creating such a natural air flow, even if the three sides except for the frontage are surrounded by adjacent buildings and it is difficult to ensure air permeability, the air that tends to be trapped indoors in the house 10 is taken outdoors. By exhausting, the indoor air environment can be made comfortable.

  By the way, even if the air permeability is ensured as described above, the dining kitchen 45 existing in the innermost floor portion 11 is not an air flow path, and the air permeability there is still sufficient. That's not true. For this reason, the house 10 of this embodiment includes an exhaust system that exhausts air that tends to be confined to the first floor portion 11 of the back side component 24. The exhaust system will be briefly described with reference to FIG.

  This exhaust system exhausts using the drainage equipment installed in the dining kitchen 45. Then, in the dining kitchen 45, since air that contains a scent or oil or the like generated there is not exhausted to the outside as it is, there is an advantage that inconvenience to residents in adjacent buildings can be suppressed.

  Specifically, first, a sink 91 is installed in the dining kitchen 45 as one of the water facilities. The sink 91 has a sink 92, and a drain port 93 is provided at the bottom of the sink 92. The drainage port 93 is connected to a drainage pipe 94, and the tip of the drainage pipe 94 is connected to a sewer pipe G embedded in the lower part of the road R. For this reason, water used for cooking, dishwashing or the like is drained from the drain port 93 of the sink 92 to the sewer pipe G through the drain pipe 94.

  The sink 91 is also provided with a cooking table, and an exhaust hood 95 as an exhaust port is provided above the cooking table. The exhaust hood 95 incorporates a fan device as an exhaust means, and the air in the dining kitchen 45 is forcibly exhausted by driving the fan device as well as air containing odors and oils generated during cooking. It has become. The exhaust pipe through which the exhaust flows is led into the drain pipe 94 through a pipe provided inside the wall, and is led to the road R side along the drain pipe 94. Here, an exhaust pipe is provided in the drain pipe 94, both pipes are integrated, and the pipe is doubled. The tip of the exhaust pipe is led out from the drain pipe 94 before the sewage pipe G and is connected to an exhaust port provided on the road R.

  Thus, when the fan device of the exhaust hood 95 is driven, the air in the dining kitchen 45 is guided to the road R side through the exhaust pipe and is exhausted from the exhaust port of the road R. Regarding the dining kitchen 45, the drain pipe 94 and the exhaust pipe are integrally provided, and drainage and exhaust are performed toward the road R side, so that troubles to adjacent buildings of the house 10 are suppressed.

  In summary, according to this embodiment, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.

  (1) The front lighting window 62 is provided in the ceiling height space A1, and the sunlight T taken from the window is guided to the dining kitchen 45 while passing through the second living room 52 and the atrium space F. In addition, a rear daylighting window portion 65 is provided in the ceiling height space A2, and sunlight T taken from the rear lighting window portion 65 is guided to the third living room 54. Thereby, even in a situation where lighting on the back side of the building is difficult because the three sides are surrounded by adjacent buildings, it is possible to ensure lighting on the back side of the building without using a skylight or the like.

  In particular, in relation to the space part (dining kitchen 45 or third living room 54) existing on the back side of the building, the effective lighting area as a living room is secured by the lighting window parts 62 and 65, and that is used as the living room. Will be available. As a result, there is an advantage that the variation of the floor plan can be increased.

  (2) The daylighting window portions 62 and 65 for taking in sunlight T are provided at positions deeper than the front south side serving as a frontage. For this reason, compared with the case where the first living room 51 is set as the ceiling height and the daylighting window portion X is installed there, the sunlight T can be guided to the far side of the house 10 and the sunlight T that can reach the far side The acquisition time can be made longer.

  (3) The roofs of the constituent parts 21 to 24 are all flat roofs. For this reason, the flat roof surfaces 21a and 23a spread out in front of the front daylighting window part 62 and the rear daylighting window part 65, and there is nothing blocking the daylighting, which is a suitable state for daylighting.

  (4) The outside air introduced into the inner garage 41 is accompanied by indoor air, and the front ventilation window 64 through the first floor space 42, the blow-off space F, and the third living room 54 of the intermediate first component 22. Exhausted from. Moreover, the outside air introduced into the first living room 51 is exhausted from the rear ventilation window portion 67 through the second living room 52 while accompanying indoor air. Efficient air permeability is ensured by the formation of such an air flow directed obliquely upward, and air that tends to be trapped indoors can be exhausted outdoors to make the indoor air environment comfortable.

  In addition, as described above, since the effect on the daylighting surface can be obtained while ensuring such efficient air permeability, superiority is recognized in that both air permeability and daylighting can be achieved.

  (5) Since the rooms are connected without partitioning on the road side and the back side of the atrium space F, the airflow can be improved without the air flow being hindered by the partitioning. Moreover, since the second skip floor K2 is provided in the first floor space 43 of the atrium space F, the air passageway leads from the first floor space 42 of the intermediate first component 22 to the third room 54. Until the floor is gradually higher. As a result, an ascending air current is easily generated, which is suitable for ensuring air permeability.

  (6) With the above air permeability ensured, the dining kitchen 45, which tends to be insufficiently ventilated, is provided with an exhaust system for exhausting to the road R side using the drain pipe 94 of the drainage facility provided there. Yes. As a result, air that stagnates or contains odor, oil, or the like is not exhausted to the outside as it is, so that it is possible to suppress inconvenience to residents of adjacent buildings.

  It should be noted that an exhaust pipe dedicated to exhaust is provided separately from the drain pipe 94, and the exhaust and drain are separated so that the odor of the drain pipe 94 is prevented from flowing back into the dining kitchen 45. it can.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be implemented, for example, in the form shown as another example below.

  (A) In the said embodiment, although the house 10 is comprised by the four component parts 21-24, the road side component part 21 is abbreviate | omitted suitably and the outdoor parking space, approach, and garden space are the parts. Etc. may be used. Also by this, the effect of securing lighting and air permeability through the blow-through space F can be obtained similarly.

  (B) In the above embodiment, a relatively narrow site S having a narrow frontage and a long depth is assumed. However, the shape of the site has a general substantially rectangular shape, a substantially square shape, or the like. It is good and the site area is not limited to being small. For this reason, the building which abbreviate | omitted not only the road side structure part 21 but the intermediate | middle 1st structure part 22 may be sufficient. In short, a building having at least constituent parts corresponding to the intermediate second constituent part 23 and the back side constituent part 24 is sufficient.

  (C) In the above embodiment, among the constituent parts 21 to 24 divided on the basis of the space part such as a room, some of the constituent parts 22 and 24 are set to the ceiling height. A configuration may be adopted in which a partial area of the ceiling is the ceiling height. For example, in one space portion provided between outer wall portions that are opposite to each other, one of them is provided with a wind inlet, and the other is provided with a ventilation window portion. And it is set as the structure where the area | region near the outer wall part of the other side was made into ceiling height, and the lighting part was installed there. This also provides the effect of achieving both ventilation and daylighting. Incidentally, the spatial region in this case refers to a partial region within one space part.

  (D) In the above embodiment, the skip floors K1 and K2 are provided on the first floor portion 11 of the house 10, but such skip floors K1 and K2 may be omitted. This is because the presence of the skip floors K1 and K2 is not essential for ensuring lighting and air permeability in the house 10. However, it is preferable to provide the skip floors K1 and K2 in that the storage space can be increased.

  (E) In the said embodiment, although the solar panel 31 is installed in each roof surface 21a-24a, or the rooftop greening 32 is provided, the solar panel 31 or all the roof surfaces 21a-24a are provided. The rooftop greening 32 may be provided or may be omitted.

  Moreover, in the structure in which the solar panel 31 was installed, you may install ceiling opening parts, such as a skylight, in the roof surfaces 21a-24a (part which becomes a shadow) below the solar panel 31. FIG. With this skylight or the like, it is possible to perform daylighting in a state where direct sunlight is blocked by the solar panel 31, and it is possible to contribute to ensuring air permeability.

  In that case, an opening / closing drive unit that opens / closes the ceiling opening may be provided so that the opening / closing drive is automatically performed. For example, an indoor air environment such as air stagnation is detected using a detection means, and when it is detected that a decrease in the air environment has reached a predetermined value, the controller automatically drives the opening / closing drive unit. However, it is conceivable to adopt a configuration in which the ceiling opening is opened.

  (F) In the above embodiment, in the exhaust system of the dining kitchen 45, the exhaust pipe is provided in the drain pipe 94 and the pipe is doubled. However, both pipes extend in parallel. You may employ | adopt the structure arranged in parallel. Even in this case, it is preferable to adopt a configuration in which both pipes are integrated.

  (G) In the above embodiment, in the exhaust system, an exhaust pipe dedicated to exhaust is provided separately from the drain pipe 94, and the exhaust and drain are separated, but the drain pipe 94 itself is exhausted. You may make it utilize as a pipe | tube.

  However, in that case, since the odor of the drain pipe 94 may flow backward, it is necessary to prevent it. Therefore, it is preferable that an open / close valve is provided in the exhaust passage that guides the exhaust to the drain pipe 94. The on / off valve opens the exhaust passage as the fan device of the exhaust hood 95 is driven. As a result, the on-off valve is always in a closed state, and is opened in accordance with the exhaust by driving the fan device, so that the odor can be prevented from flowing backward from the drain pipe 94.

  Further, instead of exhausting using a fan device built in the exhaust hood 95 as an exhaust means, exhaust may be performed using negative pressure generated during drainage from the drainage port 93. Instead of the exhaust hood 95, a mode using a ventilation fan may be employed.

  In addition, a configuration in which outside air is introduced into the dining kitchen 45 as the fan device of the exhaust hood 95 is driven may be employed. For example, an air supply opening that opens and closes is provided in the outer wall portion of the entrance door 34 and the dining kitchen 45, and an opening and closing drive unit that opens and closes the rear ventilation window 67 is provided. Then, at the timing when the fan device is driven, it is conceivable to adopt a configuration in which the controller drives the opening and opening / closing drive portions of the rear ventilation window portion 67 to be in an open state so as to allow ventilation. In this case, the air supply port corresponds to the outside air introduction unit, and the controller corresponds to the control means. Thereby, since fresh outside air is introduced as the air of the dining kitchen 45 is exhausted, the air environment of the dining kitchen 45 can be improved.

  (H) In the above embodiment, the two-story house 10 is facing south, and each of the components 21 to 24 is arranged side by side in the north-south direction. The facing two-story house 10 may be sufficient. In the above-described embodiment, it is assumed that lighting is difficult because three sides are surrounded by adjacent buildings. However, lighting may be difficult depending on the orientation of the house 10. Even in such a case, the configuration of the above embodiment can be applied to achieve both lighting and ventilation.

  (I) In the above embodiment, the front outer wall facing the road R is the first outer wall. However, if the house has a garden or the like, the garden or the like exists on the road side, or on the opposite side. Regardless of whether it exists, the outer wall facing the garden or the like may be the first outer wall.

  (J) Although the two-story house 10 has been described as an example of a building in the above embodiment, a building other than a house may be used. In addition, the roof of the building may be an inclined roof instead of a flat roof as in the house 10 of the above embodiment. It is necessary to provide the parts 71 and 73. But it is preferable to make it a flat roof in the road side structure part 21 and the intermediate | middle 2nd structure part 23 so that the lighting by the lighting window parts 62 and 65 may not be interrupted.

  Furthermore, it may be a multi-storey structure having three or more floors instead of a two-story structure. However, in that case, the first floor portion 11 and the second floor portion 12 of the house 10 are the top floor portion and the lower floor portion so that the lighting at the lighting window portions 62 and 65 is not blocked. Is preferred.

  10 ... Two-story house (building), 11 ... First floor part (lower floor), 12 ... Second floor part (upper floor), 21 ... Road side component (fourth building component), 22 ... Middle first component ( 3rd building component), 23 ... middle second component (second building component), 24 ... back side component (first building component), 26 ... front outer wall (first outer wall), 27 ... Back side outer wall part (second outer wall part), 41a ... doorway (first wind intake part), 61 ... front window part (second wind intake part), 62 ... front lighting window part (second lighting part), 65 ... rear lighting window part (first lighting part), 64 ... front ventilation window part (second wind exhaust window part), 67 ... rear ventilation window part (first wind exhaust window part), 93 ... drainage port, 94 ... Drain pipe, A ... High ceiling space, K ... Skip floor, F ... Blow-out space.

Claims (5)

Of the outer wall surrounding the building, it has a first outer wall and a second outer wall that are opposite to each other on the side of the building. The first outer wall is formed on the road. A building that faces
A first wind intake portion provided on the first outer wall portion;
A first wind exhaust window provided on the second outer wall and disposed at a position higher than the first wind intake;
An indoor air passage for ventilating air between the first wind intake portion and the first wind exhaust window portion;
With
In the space region near the second outer wall portion, the ceiling portion is formed higher than the opposite space region near the first outer wall portion, and the rising outer wall portion on the first outer wall portion side in the portion having the ceiling height is formed. A first daylighting unit for taking in sunlight is installed ,
Between the 1st outer wall part and the 2nd outer wall part, the 1st building composition part which has each space part of an upper floor and a lower floor is the 1st building composition part inside the 2nd outer wall part. A second building component having an atrium space communicating with the upper and lower floors is provided on the first outer wall side adjacent to the first floor.
Of the space region near the first outer wall portion and the space region near the second outer wall portion, the upper floor space portion of the first building component is a space region near the second outer wall portion, while the second The atrium space in the building component is the space area near the first outer wall,
The upper floor space of the first building component and the atrium space communicate with each other so that air can pass therethrough, and the indoor ventilation path is connected to the upper floor of the first building component from the atrium space through the ventilation portion. It is configured to include a route to the space,
Between the first outer wall portion and the second outer wall portion, a third building having upper and lower space spaces adjacent to the second building component and closer to the first outer wall portion than the second building constituent portion. A component is provided,
The upper floor space portion of the third building component is formed such that the ceiling portion is higher than the ceiling portion of the atrium space, and sunlight is taken into the outer wall portion on the first outer wall portion side in the ceiling height portion. A daylighting unit was installed,
Between the upper floor space of the third building component and the atrium space, and between the atrium space and the lower floor space of the first building component are communicated so that light can pass.
Between the first outer wall part and the second outer wall part, a fourth building constituent part is provided adjacent to the third building constituent part and closer to the first outer wall part than the fourth building constituent part. Has an upper floor and a lower floor space part, and a roof part provided at a position lower than the second daylighting part,
The lower floor space part of the fourth building component part is connected to the lower floor space part of the third building component part so as to be ventilated while the first wind intake part is installed on the first outer wall side. And the ventilation part is the path of the indoor ventilation path,
The upper floor space part of the fourth building component part is in communication with the upper floor space part of the third building component part so that the second wind intake part is installed on the first outer wall part side,
In the upper floor space part of the third building component, the rising outer wall part on the second outer wall part side in the portion having the ceiling height exhausts the wind taken in from the second wind intake part. A building characterized by two wind exhaust windows . The said 2nd building structure part and the 4th building structure part have the flat roof part in which the roof surface was formed flat among each said building structure part, The Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. Building. In the lower floor space part of the first building component part is a building provided with a drainage facility for discharging water used in the space part,
The drainage facility has a drain pipe extending from the first building component to the road side, and an exhaust system is provided for exhausting the lower floor space of the first building component using the drain pipe. The building according to claim 1 , wherein the building is a building. The exhaust system includes:
An exhaust port provided in the lower floor space,
An exhaust passage leading from the exhaust port to a drain pipe of the drainage facility;
Exhaust means for exhausting air in the lower floor space to the exhaust passage;
An on-off valve that is provided in the exhaust passage and opens the exhaust passage as exhaust is performed by the exhaust means;
The building according to claim 3 , further comprising: An outside air introduction section for introducing outside air into the lower floor space of the first building component;
Control means for controlling the driving so that outside air is introduced in the outside air introduction section in accordance with the exhausting,
The building according to claim 3 , wherein the building is provided.

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