JP5671465B2 - 気分障害および不安障害の治療 - Google Patents
気分障害および不安障害の治療 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、気分障害および不安障害を治療するための、Elk−1活性化およびMSK−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤の使用に関する。
うつ病は、一般的で、生活を破壊し、死を招く可能性のある疾病であり、性別および全ての年齢の両方に影響を及ぼし得る。そして、うつ病は、悲しさ、興味または喜びの欠失、罪の意識または低い自尊心、睡眠障害または食欲障害、低い活動力および乏しい集中力によって特徴付けられる。これらの問題は、慢性的または再発性であり得、日常生活をおくるための個人の能力を実質的に損なう。最も深刻な場合は、自殺の原因となり得る。治療していない大うつ病は、それゆえ、依然として深刻な公衆衛生問題のままであり、そして、その罹患率は驚くほど高い。
本発明の1つの目的は、気分障害および不安障害の予防および/または治療において使用するための、Elk−1活性化またはMSK−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤である。
− 少なくとも1つの細胞透過性配列、および
− 配列番号1(SPAKLSFQFPSSGSAQVHI)および配列番号2(KGRKPRDLELPLSPSLL)からなる群より選択される、少なくとも1つのドッキングドメイン配列
を含んでいるペプチドである。
− 少なくとも1つの細胞透過性配列、および
− 配列番号3(KAPLAKRRKMKKTSTSTE)の群より選択される、少なくとも1つのドッキングドメイン配列
を含んでいるペプチドである。
a)少なくとも1つのElk−1活性化またはMSK−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤;
b)Elk−1活性化またはMSK−1活性化の阻害剤ペプチドをコードしている核酸;または
c)上記核酸を含有している発現ベクター
を含有している。
〔定義〕
本明細書において使用される場合、上記用語“ペプチド”は、100個よりも少ないアミノ酸を有しているアミノ酸配列をいう。本明細書において使用される場合、上記用語“ペプチド”は、90個よりも少ないアミノ酸、80個よりも少ないアミノ酸、70個よりも少ないアミノ酸、60個よりも少ないアミノ酸、または50個よりも少ないアミノ酸を有しているアミノ酸配列を包含している。好ましくは、上記アミノ酸配列は、20個、21個、22個、23個、24個、25個、…、50個、…、…、75個、…、100個のアミノ酸を含んでいる。
MERK−ERKシグナル経路は、うつ病に関連する環境的および遺伝学的な制御に影響されやすいため、最近、MERK−ERKシグナル経路は、新しい治療を開発するための標的を提供するために調査された。しかし、うつ病におけるMEK阻害剤SL327を用いた研究は、時々相反する結果を有しており、結論が出ていない(Duman et al., Biol Psychiatry 2007; Einat et al, J Neurosci, 2003)。ERK活性化の阻害後に抗うつ剤様の作用を実証したEinat等とは対照的に、ERK活性化の阻害剤を用いたDumanの研究は、MERK−ERKシグナルの急性な妨害は、うつ病の3つのモデルにおいてうつ病様の表現型を示すことを実証した。この著者は、それゆえ、MERK−ERK経路を活性化する薬剤は、抗うつ剤反応を示すはずであることを示唆した。
− 少なくとも1つの細胞透過性配列、および
− 配列番号1(SPAKLSFQFPSSGSAQVHI)および配列番号2(KGRKPRDLELPLSPSLL)からなる群より選択される、少なくとも1つのドッキングドメイン配列
を含んでいるペプチドである。
− 少なくとも1つの細胞透過性配列、および
− 配列番号3(KAPLAKRRKMKKTSTSTE)の群より選択される、少なくとも1つのドッキングドメイン配列
を含んでいるペプチドである。
a)本明細書において上述したような少なくとも1つの選択的な阻害剤ペプチド;
b)本明細書において上述したような上記ペプチドをコードしている、核酸;または、
c)本明細書において上述したような上記核酸を含んでいる、発現ベクター
を含有している。
〔図1〕 TSTにおいて、TAT−DEF−Elk−1ペプチドは、古典的な抗うつ剤であるフルオキセチンおよびデシプラミンと類似した抗うつ剤様の作用を誘発する。
(A)ペプチドを、試験の90分前に注射した;標準のプロトコルに従って、デシプラミンおよびフルオキセチンを30分前に注射した。混ぜ合わせたコントロールペプチド(B)およびMEK阻害剤SL327(C)は、このパラダイムにおいて効果を示さない。データは、一元配置ANOVA(one-way ANOVA)およびダンカンのpost−hoc(Duncan’s post-hoc)を用いて分析した(*は、p<0.05を表している。)。
ペプチドを、試験の90分前に注射した;標準のプロトコルに従って、デシプラミンを30分前に注射した(A)。混ぜ合わせたコントロールペプチド(B)およびMEK阻害剤SL327(C)は、このパラダイムにおいて効果を示さない。TAT−DEF−Elk−1ペプチドは、水平の移動運動に影響を及ぼさない(D)。データは、一元配置ANOVAおよびダンカンのpost−hocを用いて分析した(*は、p<0.05を表している。)。
(A)ストレスを与えなかった動物(白色の丸)と比較して、ストレスを与えた動物(黒色の三角)において進行性の体重減少がある。この減少は、UCMSの間にわたるペプチドの投与によって好転する(灰色の四角)。(B)ストレスを与えなかった動物(白色の丸)と比較して、ストレスを与えた動物(黒色の三角)において進行性の毛並みの劣化がある。この劣化は、UCMSの間にわたるペプチドの投与によって好転する(灰色の四角)。データは、反復測定ANOVA(repeated measures)およびダンカンのpost−hocを用いて分析した(*は、ストレスを与えなかった動物と比較した場合のp<0.05を表している。#は、ストレスを与えた動物と比較した場合のp<0.05を表している。)。
(A)ストレスを与えなかった動物(白色のバー)と比較して、ストレスを与えた動物(黒色のバー)において、TSTにおける静止(immobility)が増加する。これは、UCMSの間にわたるペプチドの投与によって軽減される(灰色のバー)。(B)ストレスを与えなかった動物(白色のバー)と比較して、ストレスを与えた動物(黒色のバー)におけるショ糖嗜好性の低下(動物の合計の消費(糖+水)に対する糖の%として表される。)がある。これは、UCMSの間にわたるペプチドの投与によって好転する(灰色のバー)。データは、一元配置ANOVAおよびダンカンのpost−hocを用いて分析した(*は、ストレスを与えなかった動物と比較した場合のp<0.05を表している。#は、ストレスを与えた動物と比較した場合のp<0.05を表している。)。
データは、ストレスの多い環境における動物に対して、味のよい食事が与えられた場合に、食事を消費するための待ち時間の平均値+/−SEを表す。食塩水処理された動物と比較した場合の*p<0.05。
(A)データは、標的の存在下(斜線ではないバー)または標的の存在下(斜線のバー)において、ケージを用いた相互に作用した時間(time spend interacting)(TSI)の平均値+/−SEを表す。標的が存在する場合、TSIの増加として認められるように、コントロールマウスは、活発な社会行動に携わる(パネルa)。一方、媒体によって処理した、ストレスを与えたマウス(パネルb;白色のバー)は、より短いTSIを示し、これは、社会的回避を示している。TAT−DEF−Elk1(灰色のバー)を用いた治療は、この行動を完全に好転させる。標的の存在下におけるTSIに対する*p<0.05。
(B)同じ結果を百分率値としてプロットした。ストレスを与えなかったマウスに対する*p<0.01、媒体を用いて処理したストレスを与えたマウスに対する#p<0.05。
同じ治療を受けているストレスを与えなかったマウスと比較した場合の*p<0.05
媒体を用いて処理した、ストレスを与えなかったマウスまたはストレスを与えたマウスと比較した場合の#p<0.05。
データは、平凡な状態(ストレスを与えていない状態、薄灰色のバー)および30分間の拘束ストレス直後(濃い灰色のバー)における血漿コルチコステロンの、平均値+/−SEを表す。媒体またはTAT−DEF−Elk1ペプチドを、ストレス開始1時間前に投与した。ストレスを与えなかったマウスと比較した場合の*p<0.05、媒体処理したマウスと比較した場合の#p<0.05。
TAT−DEF−Elk−1ペプチド(GRKKRRQRRRPPSPAKLSFQFPSSGSAQVHI)を、2つの異なる学習性無力試験、マウスの尾懸垂試験(TST)およびマウスの強制水泳試験(FST)において試験した。
(i)ストレスを与えていないマウス:これらのマウスは集団で飼育した。そして、標準的な実験室の状態において取り扱い、そして維持した(グループ1;図3B);
(ii)ストレスを与えたマウス:これらのマウスは標準的な実験室の状態において取り扱うが、小さな個別のケージに隔離した。3週間のプロトコルの間に、これらのマウスを、1日当たり、3つの軽度のストレス因子に曝した。ストレスを与えたマウスは、媒体(グループ2;図3B)、ペプチド(1mg/kg;1日1回)、または参照となる抗うつ剤であるフルオキセチン(20mg/kg;1日1回)(グループ3;図3B)の何れかを用いて処理した。媒体または化合物を用いた処理は、UCMSの開始から始め、3週間の期間をとおして継続した。
Svenningsson P et al. (2002) Involvement of striatal and extrastriatal DARPP-32 in biochemical and behavioral effects of fluoxetine (Prozac). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:3182-87.
Li X et al. (2001) Antidepressant-like actions of an AMPA receptor potentiator (LY392098). Neuropharmacology 40:1028-33.
Manji HK et al. (2003) Enhancing neuronal plasticity and cellular resilience to develop novel, improved therapeutics for difficult-to-treat depression. Biol Psychiatry 53:707-42. Review
Claims (5)
- 気分障害および不安障害の予防および/または治療において使用するための、Elk−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤であって、
上記Elk−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤は、
少なくとも1つの細胞透過性配列、および
配列番号1(SPAKLSFQFPSSGSAQVHI)に示されている通りのドッキングドメイン配列を含んでいるペプチドである、Elk−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤。 - 上記細胞透過性配列は、HIV−TAT配列(配列番号4);ペネトラチン(配列番号5);7個〜11個のアルギニンのアミノ酸配列(配列番号6〜10);配列中に無作為に配置された7個〜11個のアルギニンを含んでいる、7個〜25個のアミノ酸のX7/11R配列;およびDPVsに由来する配列(配列番号15〜19)からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のElk−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤。
- 上記ペプチドは、配列番号28の配列を有していることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のElk−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤。
- 不安障害および気分障害の予防および/または治療において使用するための薬学的組成物であり、
少なくとも1つの、請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のElk−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤を含有していることを特徴とする、薬学的組成物。 - うつ病の予防および/または治療において使用するための、請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のElk−1活性化の選択的な阻害剤、または請求項4に記載の薬学的組成物。
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