JP5668802B2 - Warhead - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a warhead such as a warhead or ammunition mounted on a missile, and particularly relates to a measure for improving the probability of destruction.

  In general, a missile warhead or ammunition grenade has a portion (warhead) having a spear-shaped bullet shell, an explosive such as a glaze filled in the shell, and an initiating device (fuse tube) for detonating the explosive. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1 below). When the explosive is detonated by the detonator, a blast is generated, and the shell is ruptured by the impact pressure generated by the detonation of the explosive and is fragmented and scattered. The target is destroyed by the blast and scattered shell debris (blast effect and debris effect).

JP 2007-225215 A

  By the way, the destruction probability by the warhead that destroys the target object by the blast effect and the fragment effect as described above depends on the energy (kinetic energy) of the shell fragments of the warhead and the spray density. However, the mass and dimensions of the warhead cannot be easily changed because it is limited by the missile or grenade on which the warhead is provided. Under constant conditions, the kinetic energy and spray density of the fragments Therefore, the destruction probability of the target could not be improved dramatically. In other words, even if the amount of explosives was increased to increase the individual kinetic energy of the fragments, the total fragment mass decreased and the spray density of the fragments decreased, so the failure probability could not be improved.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this point, The objective is to aim at the dramatic improvement of the destruction efficiency of a warhead.

The first invention includes an outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) in which a space (S1, S2, S3, S4) is formed, and an inner portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41). A warhead comprising a charged explosive (14,24,34,44) and detonation means (15,25,35,45) for detonating the explosive (14,24,34,44), At least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed of an energy material including a plurality of kinds of energy substances that generate a chemical reaction and generate heat when a predetermined temperature is exceeded, and the outer shell (11, 21 , 31, 41) are formed only by cold isostatic pressing of the energy material powder.

The second invention includes an outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) in which a space (S1, S2, S3, S4) is formed, and an inner portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41). A warhead comprising a charged explosive (14,24,34,44) and detonation means (15,25,35,45) for detonating the explosive (14,24,34,44), At least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed of an energy material including a predetermined energy substance that generates heat by causing a chemical reaction with oxygen or nitrogen in the air when a predetermined temperature is exceeded. The portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is formed only by cold isostatic pressing of the energy material powder.

The third invention includes an outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) in which a space (S1, S2, S3, S4) is formed, and an inner portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41). A warhead comprising a charged explosive (14,24,34,44) and detonation means (15,25,35,45) for detonating the explosive (14,24,34,44), At least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is made of an energy material including a predetermined energy substance and a predetermined reactant that generates a chemical reaction with the energy substance when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. The portion formed by the energy material of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed only by cold isostatic pressing of the energy material powder.

  According to a fourth invention, in the second or third invention, the outer shell (11, 21) includes a bowl-shaped shell (12, 22) filled with the explosive (14, 24) and the bullet. A plurality of pieces (13, 23) attached to the outer surface of the shell (12, 22), and the pieces (13, 23) are formed of the energy material.

  According to a fifth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, the outer shell (11, 41) has a bowl-like shape formed of the energy material filled with the explosive (14, 44). The shell (12,42) has a shell (12,42), and a plurality of pieces (12b, 42b) having a predetermined shape are formed in the shell (12,42) with the detonation of the explosive (14,24). Thus, grooves (12a, 42a) that form the outer shape of the fragments (12b, 42b) are formed.

  According to a sixth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, the outer shell (31) closes the bottomed cylindrical shell (32) and the open side of the shell (32). A liner (36) that is formed by the detonation of the explosive (34) filled in the internal space (S3) and formed into a flying object while forming the internal space (S3). The liner (36) is formed of the energy material.

  According to a seventh invention, in any one of the first to sixth inventions, a portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is covered with a coating.

  In the first to third inventions, at least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed of an energy material containing an energy substance that causes an exothermic reaction when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. Specifically, in the first invention, at least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed of an energy material containing a plurality of types of energy substances that cause an exothermic reaction when exceeding a predetermined temperature. Yes. In the second invention, at least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is made of an energy material containing a predetermined energy substance that causes an exothermic reaction with oxygen or nitrogen in the air when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. Is formed. Furthermore, in the third invention, at least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) includes a predetermined energy substance and a predetermined reactant that generates an exothermic reaction with the energy substance when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. Formed of energetic material.

  The outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed of the energy material in this way is ruptured and fragmented by the impact pressure generated by the detonation of the explosive (14, 24, 34, 44). The temperature rises in response to thermal energy converted from strain energy due to deformation during dredging or kinetic energy due to impact during impact or thermal energy of a blast. When the temperature of the fragments of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) exceeds a predetermined temperature, the energy material in the fragments of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) generates a chemical reaction and generates heat. Specifically, in the first invention, a plurality of types of energy substances cause a chemical reaction, in the second invention a predetermined energy substance and oxygen or nitrogen in the air cause a chemical reaction, and in the third invention, a predetermined reaction occurs. The energy substance and a predetermined reactant generate a chemical reaction and generate heat. The outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is granulated by the impact received during detonation or impact and increases its surface area, so that the above chemical reaction occurs explosively. Thereby, large thermal energy can be obtained instantaneously.

  Specifically, for example, the explosive (14,24,34,44) explodes during flight and the outer shell (11,21,31,41) breaks down, causing the above chemical reaction during the flight of the fragments. In this case, the thermal energy generated by the chemical reaction is supplied to the surrounding gas, so that the surrounding gas expands and the blast pressure is increased. Thereby, the impact amount by a blast increases.

  On the other hand, when the above chemical reaction occurs due to deformation at the time of impact on the target, high thermal energy from the above chemical reaction is applied to the outer shell fragments in addition to kinetic energy, and the destruction effect by the fragments is dramatically improved. To do.

  In the first to third inventions, the portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is formed by cold isostatic pressing of the energy material powder. Yes. In other words, the parts formed by the energy material of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) are not pressure-molded under high temperature conditions, so the energetic substance does not melt during the molding process, and the interparticle bonding Is weak. Therefore, the part formed by the energy material of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is easily made into particles by the detonation or impact of the explosive (14, 24, 34, 44).

  In the fourth invention, the outer shell (11, 21) is attached to the shell-shaped bullet shell (12, 22) filled with the explosive (14, 24) and the outer surface of the bullet shell (12, 22). And a plurality of pieces (13, 23) formed of the energy material. Therefore, when the outer shell (11, 21) is fragmented with the detonation of the explosive (14, 24), a plurality of fragments (13, 23) formed of the energy material can be obtained. As a result, the fragments (13, 23) are easily formed into particles, and the chemical reaction is easily caused.

  In the fifth invention, the outer shell (11, 41) has a bowl-shaped shell (12, 42) filled with an explosive (14, 44) and formed of an energy material. Grooves (12a, 42a) that form the outer shape of a plurality of pieces (12b, 42b) having a predetermined shape that are generated when the explosive (14, 24) is detonated are formed in 42). Therefore, a plurality of pieces (12b, 42b) having a predetermined shape can be obtained with the detonation of the explosive (14, 44). Thereby, the fragments (12b, 42b) are easily formed into particles, and the chemical reaction is easily caused.

  In the sixth invention, the outer shell (31) is formed of a bottomed cylindrical shell (32) and an energy material and closes the opening side of the shell (32) and is filled with the explosive (34). And a liner (36) forming an internal space (S3). For this reason, the liner (36) in contact with the internal space (S3) is accelerated by the detonation of the explosive (34) to be formed into a flying object, and flies at high speed to penetrate the target. At that time, the temperature of the liner (36) is increased by thermal energy converted from strain energy due to deformation of the liner (36) and strain energy due to deformation during penetration. When the temperature of the liner (36) exceeds a predetermined temperature, the energy substance in the energy material forming the liner (36) generates a chemical reaction and generates heat. The thermal energy generated by this chemical reaction is supplied to the surrounding gas to increase the blast effect, and the thermal energy increases the destructive force of the liner (36) to the target.

  In the seventh invention, the portion formed of the energy material of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is coated. For this reason, during long-term storage, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the energy substance may cause a chemical reaction with oxygen or nitrogen in the air due to aging or the like.

  According to the first to third inventions, at least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed of an energy material containing an energy substance that generates an exothermic reaction when a predetermined temperature is exceeded. A large chemical energy (thermal energy) is generated by a chemical reaction occurring in a portion formed by the energy material, so that an impact amount of the blast or an increase in a fragment effect can be achieved. Therefore, the probability of destruction of the target by the warhead can be dramatically improved.

  According to the first to third inventions, the portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is formed by pressing the powder of the energy material with a cold isostatic pressure. By doing so, since the said part becomes easy to make a particle, a chemical reaction can be accelerated | stimulated. Therefore, by efficiently acquiring chemical energy (thermal energy), it is possible to further improve the probability of destruction of the target by the warhead.

  According to the fourth and fifth inventions, the debris (13, 23) (12b, 42b) is formed by a plurality of energy materials with the detonation of the explosive (14, 24) (11, 41). By configuring the outer shell (11, 21) (11, 41) as described above, it is possible to promote chemical reaction in the portion formed by the energy material and to easily obtain chemical energy (thermal energy) by the chemical reaction. it can.

  According to the sixth invention, in the EFP warhead, by forming the EFP liner (36) from an energy material, a large chemical energy (thermal energy) is generated by a chemical reaction occurring in the liner (36). It is possible to increase the impact amount of the blast or increase the breaking force of the EFP. Therefore, the probability of destruction of the target in the EFP warhead can be dramatically improved.

  Further, according to the seventh invention, by coating the portion formed by the energy material of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41), the energy substance is oxygenated in the air due to secular change during long-term storage. Or the possibility of causing a chemical reaction with nitrogen can be reduced. Therefore, stability during storage can be further improved.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a warhead according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an external view of a missile equipped with the warhead according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a part of the outer shell of FIG. FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the correlation between the chemical energy by the chemical reaction of the energy substance and the velocity when the chemical energy is converted into velocity. FIG. 6 is a view showing a part of the outer shell of the warhead according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a warhead according to the third embodiment. FIG. 8 is an external view of a missile equipped with the warhead according to the third embodiment, and shows a state at the time of discharging molded fragments. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a process from injection to penetration of a flying object generated from the EFP warhead and the EFP warhead according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a warhead according to the first modification of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a warhead according to the second modification of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a grenade according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a part of the outer shell of FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 of the Invention
Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a warhead (10) constituting a warhead according to the present invention. The warhead (10) is mounted on a missile (1) as shown in FIG.

  The warhead (10) includes an outer shell (11) in which a space (S1) is formed. The outer shell (11) is formed of a bullet shell (12) formed in a bowl shape and having the space (S1) formed therein. In the first embodiment, the bullet shell (12) is constituted by a cylinder having an outer diameter of about 150 to 300 mm with both ends closed, and has a thickness of about 5 to 20 mm.

  The space (S1) inside the shell (12) is filled with glaze (14). In addition, a fusible portion (15) is provided at one end of the bullet shell (12) as a detonating means for detonating the glaze (14). In FIG. 1, the illustration of the interior of the fuze part (15) is omitted, but the fuze part (15) includes an explosive that induces an explosion and a guide that transmits the ignition of the explosive to the glaze (14). Filled with explosives.

  The bullet shell (12) is formed of an energy material containing aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni) powder (about 100 nm to 100 μm in diameter) as an energy substance that generates a chemical reaction and generates heat when a predetermined temperature is exceeded. ing. Specifically, the energy material is mixed with a polymer as a binder in addition to the energy substances (aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni)). The shell (12) is formed by a cold isostatic pressing method in which fluid pressure isotropically applied to the powdery energy material in the cold. Thereby, each particle | grains of energy substance (aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni)) is couple | bonded by the polymer as a binder, and the said shell (12) is formed.

  The bullet shell (12) is formed with a plurality of lattice-shaped grooves (12a) as shown in enlarged views in FIGS. Thereby, when the shell (12) is ruptured by the impact pressure generated by the detonation of the glaze (14), it is broken according to the groove (12a), so that a plurality of adjusting pieces (12b) are formed. Designed. Since the shell (12) expands and ruptures in the radial direction, each groove (21a) is inclined in the direction inclined from the axial direction so as to be easily broken by expansion in the radial direction of the shell (12). It extends. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, each groove (21a) extends in a direction inclined by 45 degrees from the axial direction, but the inclination angle of each groove (21a) is limited to that of this embodiment. Absent.

-Operation-
In the warhead (10) provided on the missile (1) in flight toward the target, when the glaze (14) is detonated by the fuze part (15), the internal space (S1) is rapidly pressured by the propagation of the detonation. The bullet shell (12) is ruptured by the internal pressure, and a plurality of adjustment fragments (12b) are formed. The plurality of adjusting pieces (12b) are scattered at a speed of about 1000 m to 2000 m per second. A blast occurs when the shell (12) ruptures.

  The plurality of adjusting pieces (12b) are heated by receiving thermal energy converted from strain energy due to deformation at the time of detonation or kinetic energy due to impact at the time of impact on a target or thermal energy of a blast. When the threshold temperature is exceeded, a chemical reaction occurs to generate heat.

  Note that the plurality of adjustment pieces (12b) become particles due to the impact when the glaze (14) is detonated or impacted. Specifically, reflection and transmission of shock waves at the interface occur due to the difference in acoustic impedance of the materials (aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni)) constituting the plurality of adjustment pieces (12b), and interface peeling is likely to occur. . In addition, as described above, the plurality of adjustment pieces (12b) are formed of a powdery energy material by a cold isostatic pressing method, and thus have a weak interparticle bond. For this reason, particles are easily formed by an impact at the time of detonation or impact.

  As described above, the plurality of adjusting pieces (12b) are increased in surface area by being granulated, and a large amount of heat energy (reaction heat) is generated when the above chemical reaction occurs explosively.

  When the chemical reaction occurs during the flight of the adjustment fragment (12b), thermal energy is supplied from the adjustment fragment (12b) to the surrounding gas, and the surrounding gas expands, thereby boosting the blast. Normally, the blast is greatly attenuated by the distance, and the further away from the detonation point, the more the impact by the blast decreases. However, as mentioned above, the blast is boosted by the thermal energy due to the chemical reaction of the adjustment fragment (12b), The amount of impact from the blast increases. As a result, for example, when intercepting a guided missile or the like, if there is a friendly army near the interception point, the target may be destroyed by a blast instead of debris so as not to damage the friendly army. Although it is essential, in such a case, the effect of increasing the impact amount by the blast as described above is particularly effective.

  On the other hand, if the chemical reaction does not occur during the flight of the adjustment fragment (12b) and the chemical reaction occurs when it hits the target, a synergistic effect due to the kinetic energy and the thermal energy generated in the adjustment fragment (12b) This increases the damage to the target. For example, if the target is a missile warhead or a grenade bullet, the possibility of detonating the glaze they possess can be increased.

-Effect of Embodiment 1-
According to the warhead (10), the outer shell (11) is formed by an energy material containing aluminum and nickel, which are energy materials that generate an exothermic reaction when a predetermined threshold temperature is exceeded. A large chemical energy (thermal energy) is generated by a chemical reaction generated in the step 1, thereby increasing the impact amount of the blast or increasing the fragment effect. Therefore, according to the warhead (10), the destruction probability of the target can be dramatically improved.

  In addition, according to the warhead (10), a groove (12a) is formed in the shell (12) of the outer shell (11), and a debris (12b) is formed by detonation of the glaze (14). By configuring as described above, it is possible to promote particle formation of the fragments (12b) to promote the chemical reaction, and to easily obtain chemical energy (thermal energy) by the chemical reaction.

-Modification 1-
In the first embodiment, the bullet shell (12) is formed of an energy material containing aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni) as energy materials according to the present invention. However, the bullet shell (12) according to the present invention is not limited to this. For example, you may form with the energy material containing nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti). Even in such a case, similarly to the above shell (12), nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti) that have been granulated by impact at the time of detonation or landing rise to a predetermined threshold temperature. By causing a chemical reaction when heated, a large chemical energy (thermal energy) can be acquired, and the destruction probability of the target can be dramatically improved.

-Modification 2-
Further, the bullet shell (12) of the first embodiment may be made of an energy material including a predetermined energy substance that generates heat by generating a chemical reaction with oxygen or nitrogen in the air when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. Examples of energy substances at that time include boron (B), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and the like. The bullet shell (12) may be formed of an energy material containing the energy material. Even in such a case, as in the first embodiment, the energetic material that has been granulated by the impact at the time of detonation or landing is heated to a predetermined threshold temperature and oxygen (or nitrogen) in the air. As a result of the chemical reaction, new chemical energy (thermal energy) can be acquired, and the destruction efficiency of the target can be dramatically improved.

  The chemical energy (thermal energy) generated by the chemical reaction is much larger than the kinetic energy of the fragments due to the detonation of the glaze. This will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, in order to compare kinetic energy and chemical energy (thermal energy), the correlation between the chemical energy (thermal energy) generated by the chemical reaction of the energetic substance and the speed when the chemical energy is converted into velocity is shown. Is shown. FIG. 5 shows the correlation between chemical energy and velocity due to the explosion of glaze (trinitrotoluene (TNT)), and the correlation between chemical energy and velocity due to oxidation of aluminum (Al) and boron (B) as energetic substances.

  From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the chemical energy due to the energetic substance is much greater than the chemical energy due to the glaze. It can also be seen that when these chemical energies are converted to speed, aluminum (Al) and boron (B) can obtain higher speeds than glaze. That is, it can be seen that the chemical reaction of the energy substance corresponds to the kinetic energy of the high-speed fragments. Therefore, rather than increasing the amount of glaze and flying the fragments at high speed to increase the kinetic energy of the fragments, the outer shell is made of an energetic material, and chemicals are utilized using the impact at the time of detonation or impact. It can be seen that generating a reaction can obtain a larger energy, and a target destructive force can be obtained.

-Modification 3-
The shell (12) of the first embodiment may be made of an energy material including a predetermined energy substance and a predetermined reactant that generates a chemical reaction with the energy substance when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. . For example, an oxidation reaction is exemplified as a chemical reaction, and boron (B), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), zirconium (Zr), and hafnium (Hf) are exemplified as energy substances. It is done. The shell (12) may be formed of an energy material in which powders of these energy substances are mixed with an oxidant such as a resin. Even in such a case, as in the first embodiment, the energetic substance that has been granulated by the impact at the time of detonation or landing is heated to a predetermined threshold temperature to be a reactant (oxidant or the like). By generating a chemical reaction, new chemical energy (thermal energy) can be acquired, and the destruction efficiency of the target can be dramatically improved.

  Examples of chemical reactions include nitridation, carbonization, fluorination, silicification, etc. in addition to the above-described oxidation, and examples of reactants include nitriding agents, carbonizing agents, fluorinating agents corresponding to the above chemical reactions, Examples include silicifying agents.

<< Embodiment 2 of the Invention >>
In the second embodiment, the structure of the outer shell (11) of the warhead (10) according to the first embodiment is changed.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the outer shell (11) includes a bowl-shaped bullet shell (12) substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and a plurality of outer shells (11) attached to the outer surface of the bullet shell (12). And a molded piece (13). In the second embodiment, the bullet shell (12) is not formed with the groove (12a) for forming the adjustment fragment (12b).

  The plurality of molded pieces (13) are formed in the same cubic shape. Further, the plurality of molded pieces (13) are formed of the energy material according to the present invention and formed by the cold isostatic pressing method, similarly to the shell (12) of the first embodiment (including the respective modifications). Has been.

  The operation of the warhead (10) is as follows. In Embodiment 2, the shell (12) was ruptured by detonation of the glaze (14) to form a plurality of adjustment fragments (12b). The shell (12) is ruptured and broken into fragments by the detonation of the glaze (14), and several molded pieces (13) attached to the shell (12) are separated from the shell (12) and broken. This is different from the first embodiment in that However, the subsequent operation of the molded piece (13) is substantially the same as that of the adjustment piece (12b) of the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, even when the outer shell (11) is constituted by the bullet shell (12) and the plurality of molded pieces (13) each formed of an energy material, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

<< Embodiment 3 of the Invention >>
The warhead (20) according to the third embodiment is an enhancer warhead that is attached to an interceptor missile that intercepts a ballistic missile and emits a molded piece having a larger mass than that of the second embodiment when approaching the ballistic missile. The warhead (20) is configured to destroy the object to be intercepted using the speed of association (kinetic energy) with the ballistic missile to be intercepted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the warhead (20) includes an outer shell (21) having a space (S2) formed therein. The outer shell (21) includes a shell (22) formed in a housing and having the space (S2) formed therein, and a plurality of molded pieces (23) attached to the outer peripheral surface of the shell (22). And.

  The bullet shell (22) is configured so as to form an internal space (S2) consisting of two cylindrical large and small communicating spaces. The internal space (S2) is formed to be smaller than the internal space (S1) of the shell (12) of the first embodiment. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the plurality of molded pieces (23) are formed in a rod shape and have a mass of about 50 to 200 g. These bullet shells (12) and the plurality of molded pieces (23) are both formed of the energy material according to the present invention, like cold shells (12) of the first embodiment (including the respective modifications), It is molded by the method of pressing with pressure.

  The inner space (S2) of the shell (22) is filled with a smaller amount of explosive (24) than in the first embodiment. The bottom part of the shell (22) is provided with a fusible part (25) as detonation means for detonating the explosive (24). In FIG. 7, the illustration of the interior of the fuze part (25) is omitted, but the fuze part (25) includes an explosive that induces an explosion and a guide that transmits the ignition of the explosive to the explosive (24). Filled with explosives.

  Although the details will be described later, the warhead (20) of the present embodiment destroys the ballistic missile using the speed of association with the target ballistic missile. There is no need to fly. Therefore, a glaze may be used as the explosive (24) as in the first embodiment, but a release drug having a slower reaction rate than the glaze may be used. Even when such a released drug is used, the internal space (S2) is pressurized by combustion of the released drug, the shell (22) is ruptured, and the molded piece (23) is on the outer periphery of the missile (1). Will be released. Below, the case where a discharge | release medicine is used as an explosive (24) is demonstrated.

-Operation-
In the warhead (20) provided on the missile (1) in flight toward the target ballistic missile, when the explosive (24) is expelled by the fuze (25), the outer shell (21) The released drug gradually burns from the fusible part (15) side of the shell (12). As a result, the pressure in the internal space (S2) increases, and the shell (22) is ruptured and fragmented by the internal pressure. At this time, the plurality of molded pieces (23) attached to the shell (22) are separated from the shell (22) and discharged radially outward (see FIG. 8). In addition, when a release agent is used, since combustion progresses slowly, the speed when the fragments of the molded fragments (23) and the shells (22) are released is slow and is about 100 m to 300 m per second.

  The missile (1) with such an enhancer warhead (20) expands the interceptable range of a direct impact-based system by releasing shaped fragments (23) and shell (22) fragments. (The interceptable range is larger than the missile (1) body diameter). This improves the destruction probability of the target ballistic missile. Further, the plurality of shaped pieces (23) and pieces of the shell (22) increase the impact at the time of impact by utilizing the association speed (kinetic energy) with the ballistic missile that is the target.

  When a plurality of shaped pieces (23) and pieces of bullet shells (22) hit the target, the shaped pieces (23) and shells (22) are energized by the energy (kinetic energy generated by the association speed) due to the impact at that time. ) Is broken into particles. The shaped fragments (23) and shells (22) are heated by thermal energy converted from strain energy due to deformation at the time of impact, and if a predetermined threshold temperature is exceeded, a chemical reaction occurs. It generates and generates heat.

  Note that the surface area of the formed fragments (23) and the shells (22) increases due to the formation of particles, and a large amount of heat energy (reaction heat) is generated when the chemical reaction occurs explosively. And the damage given to the ballistic missile which is a target object with this thermal energy becomes large. Specifically, the destructive power of the above-mentioned shaped fragments (23) and shell (22) fragments to the ballistic missile increases, and when the ballistic missile warhead is invaded, a large amount of heat is generated in the ballistic missile glaze. Ballistic missiles can be destroyed by supplying energy to detonate the glaze.

  Thus, according to the warhead (20) of the third embodiment, the destruction probability for the ballistic missile can be improved by forming at least part of the outer shell (21) of the enhancer warhead (20) with the energy material. it can.

  In addition, by forming the molded piece (23) of the enhancer warhead (20) with an energy material in this way, even if the mass of each molded piece (23) is reduced, the normally required breaking force is secured. can do. Thereby, the spreading density of the molded fragments (23) can be increased to further improve the probability of ballistic missile destruction by the molded fragments (23).

  Also in this embodiment, a groove may be formed in the bullet shell (22), and a plurality of adjustment pieces having a predetermined shape may be formed when the bullet shell (22) is ruptured.

<< Embodiment 4 of the Invention >>
The warhead (30) according to the fourth embodiment has a liner, and deforms the liner by the detonation energy of the glaze to form an EFP (Explosively Formed Projectile, or Explosively FormedPenetrator) as a flying object according to the present invention, which is called a molded bullet. ) And the EFP is ejected forward at a high speed. The warhead (30) is configured to cause the EFP, which has been ejected forward at a high speed, to collide with the target and destroy the target.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the warhead (30) includes an outer shell (31) in which a space (S3) is formed. The outer shell (31) includes a bullet shell (32) formed in the shape of a cylindrical container with a bottom, and a liner (36) formed in a plate shape that closes the opening of the bullet shell (32). . The bullet shell (32) is constituted by a cylindrical portion and a bottom portion that is continuously formed in a tapered shape in the cylindrical portion. On the other hand, the liner (36) is formed in a disc shape, and is fitted in a bent shape near the opening of the cylindrical portion of the bullet shell (32) so as to be recessed toward the bottom side of the bullet shell (32). Further, the liner (36) is formed of the energy material according to the present invention and is formed by the cold isostatic pressing method, similarly to the shell (12) of the first embodiment (including the respective modifications). .

  An inner space (S3) is formed by the shell (32) and the liner (36) constituting the outer shell (31). The internal space (S3) is filled with glaze (34). In addition, a fusible portion (35) is provided at the center of the bottom of the shell (32) as a detonating means for detonating the glaze (34). In FIG. 9, the illustration of the interior of the fuze part (35) is omitted, but the fuze part (35) includes an explosive that induces an explosion and a guide that transmits the ignition of the explosive to the glaze (34). Filled with explosives.

-Operation-
When the target is detected, the liner (36) is accelerated by the detonation of the glaze (34) by the fusible part (35), is formed into an EFP (flying object), and flies at high speed.

  Specifically, when the glaze (34) is detonated, the impact pressure generated by the detonation acts on the liner (36), and the liner (36) is accelerated and molded to become EFP and fly at high speed. More specifically, the liner (36) is deformed so that the center part is pushed forward while the outer edge part falls backward, and is molded into an EFP to penetrate the target.

  The liner (36) rises by thermal energy converted from kinetic energy due to distortion energy due to deformation of the glaze (34) when detonating or impact upon impact (during penetration) to the target or thermal energy of the blast. When the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature, a chemical reaction occurs to generate heat.

  The liner (36) is made into particles by an impact at the time of deformation or impact. As a result, the surface area of the liner (36) increases, and a large amount of heat energy (reaction heat) is generated by causing the chemical reaction to occur explosively.

  When the chemical reaction occurs during the flight of the liner (36), thermal energy is supplied from the liner (36) to the surrounding gas, and the surrounding gas expands, thereby boosting the blast. Thereby, the impact amount by a blast increases.

  On the other hand, when the liner (36) does not cause the above chemical reaction during flight, and the above chemical reaction occurs when it hits the target (during penetration), the thermal energy generated in the liner (36) causes the target. The damage to be increased. For example, when a tank or the like is a target, the internal destruction of the tank or the like after the invasion can be expanded by applying thermal energy to the air.

  As described above, according to the warhead (30) of the fourth embodiment, the liner (36) which is a part of the outer shell (31) is formed of the energy material, thereby increasing the blast effect or the fragment effect and the probability of destruction. Can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, only the liner (36) is made of an energy material. However, like the first embodiment, the whole or a part of the shell (32) may be made of an energy material.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the outer shell (31) is constituted by a grooved shell (32) formed of an energy material, and an adjustment fragment is formed when the glaze (34) is detonated. As in the second embodiment, the outer shell (31) is constituted by a bullet shell (32) and a plurality of molded pieces made of energy material attached to the bullet shell (32). It is good.

-Modification 1-
As shown in FIG. 10, the warhead (30) may be a multi-EFP warhead that generates a large number of EFPs instead of generating a single EFP as in the fourth embodiment.

  Specifically, the warhead (30) includes a net-like liner divider (38) formed in the same shape as the liner (36) in addition to the above components. The liner dividing tool (38) is provided in front of the liner (36) and divides the liner (36) accelerated forward when the glaze (34) is detonated into a plurality of pieces (36a). The EFP (aircraft) is formed.

  Even with such a warhead (30), the same effects as those of the fourth embodiment can be obtained.

  In addition, according to such a warhead (30), the liner (36) is easily divided into particles by dividing the liner (36) into a plurality of pieces (36a). Chemical energy (thermal energy) can be acquired instantaneously and efficiently.

-Modification 2-
As shown in FIG. 11, the warhead (30) is a side-spraying type multi-EFP warhead that generates a large number of EFPs and spreads the large number of EFPs to the side (radially outward) instead of the front. There may be.

  Specifically, the warhead (30) includes a bowl-shaped bullet shell (32) whose outer shell (31) forms an internal space (S3) as in the fourth embodiment, and a plurality of liners (36). It is constituted by. The bullet shell (32) is formed in a cylindrical shape closed at both ends, and a plurality of circular holes are formed in the outer peripheral portion. On the other hand, the plurality of liners (36) are formed in a disc shape and are fitted into the holes of the bullet shell (32). The inner space (S3) is filled with glaze (34).

  In the above warhead (30), when the glaze (34) is detonated, the impact pressure generated by the detonation acts on the multiple liners (36), and the liner (36) accelerates radially outward of the shell (32). Then, it is molded to become EFP and fly at high speed. Each liner (36) is deformed so that the outer edge part falls backward while the central part is pushed out in the traveling direction, and is formed into an EFP (flying object). In this way, in the warhead (30), a large number of EFPs are generated, and the large number of EFPs are scattered laterally.

  Also with such a warhead (30), the same effects as those of the fourth embodiment and the first modification can be obtained.

<< Embodiment 5 of the Invention >>
FIG. 12 shows a grenade (50) as an example of an ammunition provided with a bullet (40) constituting a warhead according to the present invention.

  The grenade (50) includes the bullet (40) and a propellant (48) for firing the bullet (40).

  The propellant (48) is filled in a cartridge case (46) made of a bottomed cylindrical body having an opening into which the rear part of the bullet (40) is fitted. A fire tube (47) is provided from the center of the bottom of the cartridge case (46) toward the front. In addition, in FIG. 12, although illustration of an inside is abbreviate | omitted, a fire tube (47) is formed in the elongate tubular shape, and the detonator and the ignition powder are incorporated.

  The bullet (40) includes an outer shell (41) having a space (S4) formed therein. The outer shell (41) includes a bowl-shaped bullet shell (42) that forms the internal space (S4). The shell (42) is formed in a tapered shape, and the rear part is embedded in the propellant (48). A ring-shaped bullet band (49) is provided on the outer periphery of the rear portion of the bullet shell (42). The bullet band (49) meshes with the spiral groove provided in the gun when the bullet (40) is fired, and rotates the bullet shell (42) to improve the ballistic characteristics of the bullet (40) (when flying) To stabilize the posture).

  The inner space (S4) of the bullet shell (42) is filled with glaze (44). In addition, a fusible portion (45) is provided at the tip of the shell (42) as a detonating means for detonating the glaze (44). In FIG. 12, the illustration of the interior of the fuze portion (45) is omitted, but the fuze portion (45) includes an initiating agent for inducing an explosion and a guide for transmitting the ignition of the explosive agent to the glaze (44). Filled with explosives.

  The bullet shell (42) is formed of the energy material according to the present invention and is formed by the cold isostatic pressing method, like the bullet shell (12) of the first embodiment (including each modification). ing. Further, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 13, the bullet shell (42) has a lattice-shaped groove (42a). Thereby, when the shell (42) is ruptured by the detonation of the glaze (44), it is broken and broken into pieces according to the groove (42a) to form a large number of adjustment pieces (42b).

-Operation-
In the projectile (40) of the grenade (50) launched towards the target, when the glaze (44) is detonated by the fuze part (45), the pressure in the internal space (S4) rises rapidly due to the propagation of the detonation Then, the shell (42) is ruptured by the internal pressure, and a plurality of adjusting pieces (42b) are formed. The plurality of adjustment pieces (42b) are scattered at a speed of about 1000 m to 2000 m per second. In addition, a blast occurs when the shell (42) ruptures.

  The plurality of adjustment fragments (42b) receive the thermal energy converted from the distortion energy due to deformation of the glaze (44) during the detonation or the kinetic energy due to the impact during the impact on the target or the thermal energy of the blast. When the temperature rises and exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature, a chemical reaction occurs to generate heat.

  The plurality of adjustment fragments (42b) are granulated by the impact when the glaze (44) is detonated or impacted, the surface area increases, and the above chemical reaction occurs explosively to generate large thermal energy (reaction). Heat).

  When the chemical reaction occurs during the flight of the adjustment fragment (42b), thermal energy is supplied from the adjustment fragment (42b) to the surrounding gas, and the surrounding gas expands, thereby boosting the blast. This increases the amount of impact.

  On the other hand, if the chemical reaction does not occur during the flight of the adjustment fragment (42b) and the chemical reaction occurs at the time of impact on the target, damage caused to the target by the thermal energy generated in the adjustment fragment (42b) Becomes larger. For example, if the target is a missile warhead or a grenade bullet, the possibility of detonating the glaze they possess can be increased.

  In addition, if the detonation of the glaze (44) occurs during the impact on the target, the shell (42) will become particles due to the impact during the impact and the detonation of the glaze (44). (42b) is formed, and a chemical reaction similar to that described above is generated to generate large thermal energy. Depending on the target, the glaze ignited or held by the thermal energy can be detonated and destroyed.

  Thus, by forming at least a part of the outer shell (41) of the bullet (40) constituting the warhead of the ammunition with the energy material according to the present invention, the warhead (1) of the missile (1) of the first embodiment ( Similar to 10), the destruction probability of the bullet (40) of the grenade (50) can be improved.

<< Other Embodiments >>
In each of the above embodiments, the entire outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is made of an energy material, but at least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is made of an energy material. It is good. Even in such a case, the effects of the present invention can be achieved.

  In each of the above embodiments, the portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) made of the energy material is formed using, for example, particles of an energy substance coated with an oxide film or a nitride film. Alternatively, the entire surface layer of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) made of the energy material may be coated with a resin or the like. By forming in this way, it is possible to reduce the risk that the energy substance will cause a chemical reaction with oxygen or nitrogen in the air due to aging, etc. during long-term storage, and to further improve the stability during storage Can do.

  In the second embodiment, the molded piece (13) is formed in a cubic shape, and in the third embodiment, the molded piece (23) is formed in a rod shape. However, the molded piece according to the present invention has such a shape. For example, it may be formed in a spherical shape.

  In addition, the above embodiment is an essentially preferable illustration, Comprising: It does not intend restrict | limiting the range of this invention, its application thing, or its use.

  As described above, the present invention is useful for warheads such as warheads and ammunition bodies mounted on missiles.

1 missile
10, 20, 30 Warhead (Warhead)
11, 21, 31, 41 Outer shell
12, 22, 32, 42
12a, 42a groove
12b, 42b Adjustment fragment
13, 23 Molded pieces
14, 34, 44 Glaze (explosive)
15, 25, 35, 45 Fuze part (detonation means)
24 Explosives
36 liner
36a debris
38 Liner divider
40 bullet (head)
50 Grenade

Claims (7)

The outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) in which the space (S1, S2, S3, S4) is formed, and the explosive (14, 21, 31, 41) filled in the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) , 24, 34, 44) and an explosive means (15, 25, 35, 45) for detonating the explosive (14, 24, 34, 44),
At least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed of an energy material including a plurality of types of energy materials that generate a chemical reaction and generate heat when a predetermined temperature is exceeded,
A portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is formed only by cold isostatic pressing of the energy material powder. Department. The outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) in which the space (S1, S2, S3, S4) is formed, and the explosive (14, 21, 31, 41) filled in the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) , 24, 34, 44) and an explosive means (15, 25, 35, 45) for detonating the explosive (14, 24, 34, 44),
At least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is formed of an energy material including a predetermined energy substance that generates heat by causing a chemical reaction with oxygen or nitrogen in the air when a predetermined temperature is exceeded,
A portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is formed only by cold isostatic pressing of the energy material powder. Department. The outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) in which the space (S1, S2, S3, S4) is formed, and the explosive (14, 21, 31, 41) filled in the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) , 24, 34, 44) and an explosive means (15, 25, 35, 45) for detonating the explosive (14, 24, 34, 44),
At least a part of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) is made of an energy material including a predetermined energy substance and a predetermined reactant that generates a chemical reaction with the energy substance when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. Formed,
A portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is formed only by cold isostatic pressing of the energy material powder. Department. In claim 2 or 3,
The outer shell (11, 21) includes a bowl-shaped shell (12, 22) filled with the explosive (14, 24) and a plurality of shells (12, 22) attached to the outer surface of the shell (12, 22). With debris (13,23),
The warhead characterized in that the fragments (13, 23) are formed of the energy material. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
The outer shell (11, 41) has a bowl-shaped bullet shell (12, 42) filled with the explosive (14, 44) and formed by the energy material;
In the shell (12,42), the outer shape of the fragments (12b, 42b) is formed such that a plurality of fragments (12b, 42b) having a predetermined shape are formed with the detonation of the explosive (14,24). A warhead characterized in that grooves (12a, 42a) are formed. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
The outer shell (31) is provided so as to close a bottomed cylindrical shell (32) and an opening side of the shell (32) to form the internal space (S3), A liner (36) that is accelerated by detonation of the explosive (34) filled in the space (S3) and formed into a flying object,
The warhead characterized in that the liner (36) is formed of the energy material. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 6,
A portion of the outer shell (11, 21, 31, 41) formed by the energy material is covered with a coating.

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