JP5639539B2 - Swivel device for construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a turning device for a construction machine such as a mini excavator provided with a reduction gear having an output shaft to which a gear meshing with an inner ring constituting a turning wheel is attached.

  FIG. 9 is a front view showing a main configuration of a turning device provided in a conventional construction machine, for example, a mini excavator. In general, a mini excavator is a traveling body, a revolving body disposed on the traveling body via the swivel wheel 2 shown in FIG. 9, and a working device attached to the revolving body and including a boom, an arm, a bucket, and the like. It has. A floor plate 8 is provided above the revolving frame 3 a shown in FIG. 9 of the revolving structure, and a driver's seat is disposed on the floor plate 8. As shown in FIG. 9, the turning wheel 2 includes an inner ring 2c attached to the traveling body side, an outer ring 2a arranged outside the inner ring 2c and attached to the turning frame 3a, and the inner ring 2c and the outer ring 2a. The rolling element 2b provided in between is included.

  The turning device provided in such a mini-excavator has an output shaft 20a to which a gear 21 that meshes with an inner tooth 2c1 of the inner ring 2c of the turning wheel 2 is attached, and a reduction gear 20 attached to the turning frame 3a, and the reduction gear. And a hydraulic motor device 40 that includes a hydraulic motor that is disposed on the motor 20 and transmits a rotational force to the speed reducer 20. Even in the mini excavator, the hydraulic motor device 40 is provided so as to be positioned below the floor plate 8.

  By the way, in recent years, in a turning device for construction machines such as an electric excavator, it is considered that a reduction gear is driven by an electric motor instead of a hydraulic motor. Thus, when providing an electric motor in a turning apparatus, it is possible to arrange | position the electric motor 70 on the reduction gear 20, as shown in FIG. This type of prior art is disclosed in Patent Document 1.

JP 2010-203196 A

  As shown in FIG. 10 described above, when the electric motor 70 is disposed on the speed reducer 20 (or as disclosed in Patent Document 1), the electric motor 70 including the speed reducer 20 and the electric motor 70 is included. In a small machine such as a mini excavator, the height of the swivel device is increased, and the upper portion of the electric motor 70 may protrude upward from the floor plate 8 as shown in FIG. When the electric motor 70 protrudes from the floor plate 8 in this way, the suspension of the driver's seat provided on the floor plate 8 becomes narrow and becomes an obstacle. Further, the heat generated by the electric motor 70 is given to the driver's seat, which causes discomfort to the operator sitting in the driver's seat. For this reason, a configuration in which the height position of the floor plate 8 is set high and the electric motor 70 is positioned below the floor plate 8 can be considered. However, if configured in this way, the position of the floor plate 8 becomes higher, which may hinder getting on and off. In general, in a mini excavator, it is desired to set the floor plate 8 as low as possible in order to ensure safety when getting on and off.

  The present invention has been made from the above-described prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor that drives the speed reducer so as not to protrude from the floor plate while keeping the height position of the floor plate low. It is to provide a swivel device for a construction machine.

In order to achieve this object, the present invention includes a traveling body, a revolving body disposed on the traveling body via a swirling wheel, and a working device attached to the revolving body. Provided in a construction machine having a floor plate arranged above the turning frame and a driver's seat provided on the floor plate, and the turning wheel is arranged on the inner ring attached to the traveling body side and on the outside of the inner ring. An outer ring attached to the turning frame, and a rolling element provided between the inner ring and the outer ring, and including a reduction gear having an output shaft to which a gear meshing with the inner ring is attached, and driving the reduction gear In a turning device for a construction machine that turns the revolving structure, an electric motor disposed beside the speed reducer and a multiple force that transmits the rotational force of the electric motor to the speed reducer. And gear, disposed on the reduction gear and the electric motor, and a gear case in which the plurality of gears is accommodated, the upper end portion is attached to the gear case, reinforcing the lower end portion is supported by the rotating frame It is characterized by providing a member .

In the present invention configured as described above, the rotational force of the electric motor is transmitted to the reduction gear through a plurality of gears housed in the gear case by driving the electric motor. In response, the speed reducer rotates, and the gear mounted on the output shaft of the speed reducer and the inner ring of the swivel ring mesh with each other to form the speed reducer, a gear case containing a plurality of gears, and an electric motor. Turn. By stopping the driving of the electric motor, the speed reducer stops, and the revolving body eventually stops after turning by the inertial force. In the present invention for performing the turning operation of the revolving structure, a gear case in which a plurality of gears that house the electric motor is positioned beside the speed reducer and the rotational force of the electric motor is transmitted to the speed reducer is accommodated. Since it is arranged on the motor, the height of the swivel device can be suppressed to a relatively low size such that the height of the gear case is added to the height of the reduction gear or the electric motor. That is, according to the present invention, the gear case disposed on the speed reducer and the electric motor can be positioned below the floor plate, and the electric motor that drives the speed reducer while keeping the height position of the floor plate low is provided. It can be provided so as not to protrude from the floor plate. Further, according to the present invention, even when a large impact is given to the turning device due to work by the working device, the reduction gear, the electric motor, the plurality of gears, and the plurality of gears included in the turning device are accommodated by the reinforcing member. Each of the geared cases can be kept stable.

  The present invention is characterized in that in the above invention, a plurality of the electric motors are provided. According to the present invention configured as described above, the capacity of each of the plurality of electric motors can be reduced as compared with the case where one electric motor is provided. Therefore, each of the plurality of electric motors can be a small electric motor, and the height of the swivel device can be kept low.

  The present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, a hydraulic motor for transmitting a rotational force to the speed reducer is provided above the speed reducer. The present invention configured as described above is suitable for a construction machine having a space in which a hydraulic motor can be disposed between a gear case and a floor plate. If the height dimension of the hydraulic motor can be kept low, it can be applied to a small machine such as a mini excavator. The present invention can utilize the rotational force of the hydraulic motor so as to support the rotational force of the electric motor when the swinging body is turned.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that in the above invention, a clutch for connecting and disconnecting between the speed reducer and the hydraulic motor is provided. In the present invention configured as described above, when the electric motor is utilized as a generator, the speed reducer stops with the driving stop of the electric motor, and the rotating body turns to stop while turning by the inertial force. By disconnecting the connection between the reduction gear and the hydraulic motor by the clutch, it is possible to eliminate the load of the hydraulic motor and efficiently generate power with the electric motor.

  According to the present invention, in the above invention, a brake device for braking the electric motor is provided in the gear case. The electric motor can be stopped with a relatively small braking force. Accordingly, in the present invention, the brake device can be accommodated in the gear case with a simple configuration.

  The present invention is also characterized in that, in the above invention, the swivel frame is provided with a hole for accommodating the lower portion of the electric motor. The present invention configured as described above can suppress the height of the swivel device even when a large electric motor having a large capacity is provided.

The present invention provides an electric motor disposed beside a speed reducer that swivels a revolving structure, a plurality of gears that transmit the rotational force of the electric motor to the speed reducer, and a plurality of gears disposed on the speed reducer and the electric motor. And a gear case in which the gear is accommodated. With this configuration, the present invention makes it possible to position the gear case disposed on the reduction gear and the electric motor below the floor plate, and drive the reduction gear while keeping the height of the floor plate low. It is possible to provide an electric motor that does not protrude from the floor plate. Therefore, the present invention is suitable for a small machine such as a mini excavator that is required to reduce the height position of the floor plate, and is excellent in practicality. In the present invention, a reinforcing member is provided in which the upper end is attached to the gear case and the lower end is supported by the revolving frame. Thereby, even when a large impact is given to the turning device due to work by the working device, etc., the reduction member, the electric motor, the plurality of gears, and the plurality of gears included in the turning device are provided by the reinforcing member. Each of the accommodated gear cases can be kept stable.

It is a side view which shows the mini excavator mentioned as an example of the construction machine with which the 1st reference example of the turning apparatus devised by the present inventors is provided. It is a front view which shows the principal part structure of the turning apparatus which concerns on a 1st reference example . It is the schematic which shows the principal part structure of the 2nd reference example which the present inventors devised . It is a front view which shows the principal part structure of the 3rd reference example devised by the present inventors. It is the schematic which shows the principal part structure of the 4th reference example which the present inventors devised . It is the schematic which shows the principal part structure of the 5th reference example which the present inventors devised . It is a front view which shows the principal part structure of the 6th reference example which the present inventors devised . It is a front view which shows the principal part structure of one Embodiment of the turning apparatus of the construction machine which concerns on this invention. It is a front view which shows the principal part structure of the turning apparatus with which the conventional mini excavator is equipped. It is a front view which shows the arrangement | positioning form of the electric motor considered in the conventional mini excavator.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a turning device for a construction machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a mini excavator cited as an example of a construction machine provided with a first reference example of a turning device devised by the present inventors. In addition, the 2nd, 3rd, 6th reference example mentioned later and the turning apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention are also provided in a mini excavator as shown, for example in FIG.

  The mini excavator shown in FIG. 1 is attached to the traveling body 1, the revolving body 3 disposed on the traveling body 1 via the swivel wheel 2, and attached to the revolving body 3, and is used for excavation work of earth and sand. And a working device 4. The working device 4 includes, for example, a boom 5 attached to the swing body 3 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction, an arm 6 attached to the tip of the boom 5 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction, and a vertical direction at the tip of the arm 6. And a bucket 7 which is rotatably attached.

  A floor plate 8 is disposed above the revolving frame 3 a of the revolving structure 3, and a driver seat 9 is provided on the floor plate 8. A counterweight 10 that secures a weight balance is provided at the rear end of the revolving frame 3a. Further, a machine room 11 in which an engine, a hydraulic pump, and the like are accommodated is provided between the driver's seat 9 and the counterweight 10.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a main configuration of the turning device according to the first reference example . The turning wheel 2 provided in the turning device according to the first reference example is arranged on the outer side of the inner ring 2c and the inner ring 2c attached to the traveling body 1 in the same manner as shown in FIGS. The outer ring 2a attached to the turning frame 3a and the rolling elements 2b provided between the inner ring 2c and the outer ring 2a are included. Further, in this reference example , as in the case shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 described above, a gear 21 that meshes with the inner teeth 2c1 of the inner ring 2 of the turning wheel 2 is attached, and the output is extended vertically downward. A speed reducer 20 having a shaft 20a and an input shaft 20b provided at an upper position is provided concentrically with the output shaft 20a.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the first reference example , for example, one electric motor 22 is arranged beside the speed reducer 20. The electric motor 22 includes an output shaft 22a that extends vertically upward, for example. That is, the electric motor 22 and the speed reducer 20 are arranged so as to be parallel to the vertical direction.

The first reference example includes a gear 24 attached to the output shaft 22 a of the electric motor 22, a gear 25 attached to the input shaft 20 b of the speed reducer 20, and a gear 26 that meshes with the gear 24 and the gear 25. I have. These gears 24, 25, and 26 transmit the rotational force of the electric motor 22 to the speed reducer 20. When the electric motor 22 is used as a generator, the rotational force of the speed reducer 20 is transmitted to the electric motor. For example, they are arranged on substantially the same horizontal plane.

In addition, the first reference example includes a gear case 23 that is disposed on the speed reducer 20 and the electric motor 22 and that accommodates the gears 24, 25, and 26 described above.

In the first reference example configured as described above, when the electric motor 22 is driven, the rotational force of the electric motor 22 is output to the output shaft 22a, the plurality of gears 24, 26, 25 housed in the gear case 23, and the speed reducer. It is transmitted to the speed reducer 20 through the 20 input shafts 20b. In response to this, the output shaft 20a of the speed reducer 20 rotates, and the gear 21 attached to the output shaft 20a of the speed reducer 20 meshes with the internal teeth 2c1 of the inner ring 2c of the swivel wheel 2, whereby the speed reducer 20, The revolving structure 3 turns together with the gear case 23 in which the plurality of gears 25, 26, and 24 are accommodated, and the electric motor 22. Further, by stopping the driving of the electric motor 22, the speed reducer 20 is stopped, and the revolving body 2 is eventually stopped after turning by the inertial force. When the electric motor 22 is used as a generator, the input shaft 20b rotates in accordance with the rotation of the output shaft 20a of the speed reducer 20 until the rotating body 3 is turned by the inertial force and stops. The rotational force is transmitted to the output shaft 22a of the electric motor 22 via the gears 25, 26, 24, and electric power is generated by the rotation of the output shaft 22a.

In the first reference example in which the turning operation of the revolving structure 3 as described above is performed, the electric motor 22 is positioned beside the speed reducer 20, and a plurality of torques transmitted to the speed reducer 20 are transmitted to the speed reducer 20. Since the gear case 23 in which the gears 24, 26, and 25 are accommodated is disposed on the speed reducer 20 and the electric motor 22, the height of the turning device is set to the height of the speed reducer 20 or the electric motor 22. The height of the gear case 23 can be suppressed to a relatively low dimension to the extent that the height dimension is added. That is, according to the first reference example , the gear case 23 disposed on the speed reducer 20 and the electric motor 22 can be positioned below the floor plate 8, and the height position of the floor plate 8 is kept low. However, the electric motor 22 that drives the speed reducer 20 can be provided so as not to protrude from the floor plate 8. Therefore, it is also suitable for the mini excavator for which it is desired to lower the height position of the floor plate 8, and is excellent in practicality.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the main configuration of a second reference example devised by the present inventors. The basic configuration of the turning device according to the second reference example shown in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the first reference example . In addition to the configuration of the first reference example , the second reference example includes a brake device 27 that brakes the electric motor 22 in the gear case 23. The electric motor 22 can be stopped with a relatively small braking force. In the second reference example , in addition to the same effects as the first reference example , the brake device 27 can be accommodated in the gear case 23 with a simple configuration, and the manufacturing cost required for the brake device 27 can be made relatively low. can do.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing the main configuration of a third reference example devised by the present inventors. The swivel device according to the third reference example shown in FIG. 4 has a configuration in which a plurality of, for example, two first and second electric motors 28 and 29 having different capacities, for example, are provided beside the speed reducer 20. That is, in the third reference example , a first electric motor 28 having a relatively large capacity is provided on one side of the speed reducer 20, and a gear 30 is attached to an output shaft 28a of the first electric motor 28. 30 and a gear 32 that meshes with a gear 25 attached to the input shaft 20b of the speed reducer 20 are provided. A second electric motor 29 having a smaller capacity than that of the first electric motor 28 is provided on the other side of the speed reducer 20, and a gear 31 is attached to an output shaft 29 a of the second electric motor 29. And a gear 33 that meshes with the gear 25 attached to the input shaft 20b of the speed reducer 20 is provided. The reduction gear 20 and each of the first and second electric motors 28 and 29 are arranged in parallel to the vertical direction, for example. Each of the gears 30, 32, 25, 33 and 31 is accommodated in the gear case 23. Other configurations are the same as those of the first reference example described above.

In the third reference example configured as described above, the capacity of each of the two electric motors 28 and 29 is smaller than in the case where one electric motor is provided as in the first reference example . Therefore, for example, each of the first and second electric motors 28 and 29 can be a commercially available small electric motor, and the height of the swivel device can be further reduced as compared with the first reference example . In addition, by appropriately considering the gear ratio of the gears 30, 32, 25, 33, and 32 accommodated in the gear case 23, the rotational efficiency of the first and second electric motors 28 and 29 having different capacities can be increased. it can.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the main configuration of a fourth reference example devised by the present inventors. The fourth reference example shown in FIG. 5 includes, in addition to the configuration of the first reference example , a hydraulic motor device 40 including a hydraulic motor that transmits rotational force to the speed reducer 20 above, for example, directly above the speed reducer 20. ing. The fourth reference example configured as described above is suitable for a construction machine having a space in which the hydraulic motor device 40 can be installed between the gear case 23 and the floor plate 8. When the height dimension of the hydraulic motor device 40 can be kept low, it can be applied to a small machine such as a mini excavator. According to the fourth reference example , the turning force of the hydraulic motor included in the hydraulic motor device 40 can be utilized so as to support the turning force of the electric motor 22 when the turning body 3 starts to turn.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the main configuration of a fifth reference example devised by the present inventors. The basic configuration of the turning device according to the fifth reference example shown in FIG. 6 is the same as that of the fourth reference example shown in FIG. In the fifth reference example , in addition to the configuration of the fourth reference example, a clutch 46 that connects and disconnects between the speed reducer 20 and the hydraulic motor 41 is provided. As shown in FIG. 6, in the fifth reference example , a hydraulic motor device 40 including a hydraulic motor 41 is arranged, for example, immediately above the speed reducer 20. The hydraulic motor device 40 also includes a brake device 42 that brakes the hydraulic motor 41 and a hydraulic circuit 43 that includes the hydraulic motor 41. The hydraulic circuit 43 includes a relief valve 44 that applies a braking force to the hydraulic motor 41, 45 is provided. A clutch 46 that connects and disconnects the input shaft 20b and the output shaft 41a is disposed between the input shaft 20b of the reduction gear 20 and the output shaft 41a of the hydraulic motor 41. Other configurations are the same as those of the first reference example described above.

In the fifth reference example configured as described above, the clutch 46 is operated so as to connect the input shaft 20b of the speed reducer 20 and the output shaft 41a of the hydraulic motor 41, whereby the same effect as the fourth reference example can be obtained. can get. Further, when the electric motor 22 is used as a generator, the speed reducer 20 is stopped when the electric motor 22 is stopped, and the clutch 3 is stopped until the rotating body 3 is stopped while turning by the inertial force. 46 is operated so as to disconnect the input shaft 20b of the speed reducer 20 and the output shaft 41a of the hydraulic motor 41, so that the output shaft 22a of the electric motor 22 can be efficiently rotated without the load of the hydraulic motor 41 being generated. Can be made.

FIG. 7 is a front view showing a main configuration of a sixth reference example devised by the present inventors. The sixth reference example shown in FIG. 7 has a configuration in which a hole 50 in which the lower part 22b of the electric motor 22 is accommodated is provided in the revolving frame 3a. Other configurations are the same as those of the first reference example . The sixth reference example configured as described above can obtain the same effects as the first reference example, and even when the large-sized electric motor 22 having a large capacity is provided, the height of the swivel device is suppressed and the gear case 23 is suppressed. Can be positioned below the floor plate 8. That is, it is possible to secure a relatively large turning force by installing the electric motor 22 having a large capacity.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing a main part configuration of an embodiment of a turning machine for a construction machine according to the present invention. This embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is attached the upper end portion 60c within the gear case 23, are the structure in which a reinforcing member 60 the lower end portion 60a is supported by the revolving frame 3a. The lower end 60a side of the reinforcing member 60 provided in the present embodiment is such that the notch 60b is engaged with the bracket 61 welded to the revolving frame 3a, and the lower end 60a is connected to the bracket 61 and the revolving frame 3a. The lower end 60 a is fixed to the bracket 62 with a bolt 63 in this state. A gap is formed between the lower end portion 60a of the reinforcing member 60 and the turning frame 3a in consideration of an assembly error. The upper end portion 60c of the reinforcing member 60 is engaged with the notched portion 60d of the end portion 23a protruding in the lateral direction of the gear case 23. In this state, the upper end portion 60c is connected to the end portion of the gear case 23 by the bolt 64. 23a is fixed. Other configurations are the same as those of the first reference example , for example .

The present embodiment configured as described above can obtain the same operation and effect as the first reference example, and even when a large impact is given to the swivel device due to work by the work device 4 or the like, the reinforcing member 60 A reduction device 20, an electric motor 22, a plurality of gears, and a gear case 23 in which a plurality of gears included in the turning device can be maintained in a stable state, and a turning device having excellent durability can be realized. Can do.

In each of the above reference examples and this embodiment , each of the electric motor 22, the first electric motor 28, and the second electric motor 29 is extended in the vertical direction and arranged in parallel to the speed reducer 20. However, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. A reduction gear in which at least one of the electric motor 22, the first electric motor 28, and the second electric motor 29 is extended in the vertical direction in order to avoid interference with other devices and members on the turning frame 3a. You may arrange | position beside this reduction gear 20 so that it may be located diagonally with respect to 20. As shown in FIG. In such a configuration, the gears attached to the output shafts 22a, 28a, 29a of the corresponding electric motor 22, the first electric motor 28, and the second electric motor 29 are the same as the corresponding electric motor 22, It is convenient to use a gear capable of transmitting the rotational force of the first electric motor 28 and the second electric motor 29 to the speed reducer 20, such as a bevel gear.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Traveling body 2 Turning wheel 2a Outer ring 2b Rolling body 2c Inner ring 3 Turning body 3a Turning frame 4 Working device 8 Floor plate 9 Driver's seat 20 Reduction gear 20a Output shaft 20b Input shaft 21 Gear 22 Electric motor 22a Output shaft 22b Lower portion 23 Gear case 23a End portion 24 Gear 25 Gear 26 Gear 27 Brake device 28 First electric motor 28a Output shaft 29 Second electric motor 29a Output shaft 30 Gear 31 Gear 32 Gear 33 Gear 40 Hydraulic motor device 41 Hydraulic motor 41a Output shaft 46 Clutch 50 Hole 60 Reinforcing member 60a Lower end 60b Notch 60c Upper end 60d Notch 61 Bracket 62 Bracket 63 Bolt 64 Bolt

Claims (6)

A traveling body, a revolving body disposed on the traveling body via a swivel wheel, a working device attached to the revolving body, a floor plate disposed above the revolving frame of the revolving body, and Provided in a construction machine having a driver seat provided on a floor plate;
The turning wheel includes an inner ring attached to the traveling body side, an outer ring disposed outside the inner ring and attached to the turning frame, and a rolling element provided between the inner ring and the outer ring,
In a turning device for a construction machine comprising a reduction gear having an output shaft to which a gear meshing with the inner ring is attached, and turning the turning body by driving the reduction gear,
An electric motor disposed beside the speed reducer;
A plurality of gears that transmit the rotational force of the electric motor to the speed reducer;
A gear case disposed on the speed reducer and the electric motor, and housing the plurality of gears ;
A turning device for a construction machine, characterized in that a reinforcing member having an upper end attached to the gear case and a lower end supported by the turning frame is provided . The swivel device for a construction machine according to claim 1,
A construction machine turning device comprising a plurality of the electric motors. In the turning device of the construction machine according to claim 1 or 2,
A swing device for a construction machine, wherein a hydraulic motor for transmitting a rotational force to the speed reducer is provided above the speed reducer. In the turning machine of the construction machine according to claim 3,
A turning device for a construction machine, wherein a clutch for connecting and disconnecting between the speed reducer and the hydraulic motor is provided. The swivel device for a construction machine according to claim 1,
A turning device for a construction machine, wherein a brake device for braking the electric motor is provided in the gear case. The swivel device for a construction machine according to claim 1,
A turning device for a construction machine, wherein the turning frame is provided with a hole for receiving the lower portion of the electric motor.

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