JP5631741B2 - Process for producing pyrazine derivatives and intermediates thereof - Google Patents

Process for producing pyrazine derivatives and intermediates thereof Download PDF

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JP5631741B2
JP5631741B2 JP2010537800A JP2010537800A JP5631741B2 JP 5631741 B2 JP5631741 B2 JP 5631741B2 JP 2010537800 A JP2010537800 A JP 2010537800A JP 2010537800 A JP2010537800 A JP 2010537800A JP 5631741 B2 JP5631741 B2 JP 5631741B2
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雅次 織田
雅次 織田
松崎 義広
義広 松崎
幸生 森下
幸生 森下
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Nihon Nohyaku Co Ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D241/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
    • C07D241/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D241/06Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having one or two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D241/08Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having one or two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D241/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
    • C07D241/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D241/10Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D241/14Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D241/18Oxygen or sulfur atoms

Description

本発明は、医薬又は農薬等の中間体として、特に農園芸用殺ダニ剤、殺菌剤の製造中間体として有用な3−ハロアルキル−2−ハロゲノピラジン誘導体類の製造方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for producing 3-haloalkyl-2-halogenopyrazine derivatives useful as intermediates for pharmaceuticals or agricultural chemicals, particularly as intermediates for producing agricultural and horticultural acaricides and fungicides.

3−ハロアルキル−2−ハロゲノピラジン誘導体は、医薬又は農薬等の中間体として、特に農園芸用殺ダニ剤(例えば、特許文献1を参照)、殺菌剤(例えば、特許文献2を参照)の中間体として有用である。
その製造方法として、2−クロロ−3−ヨードピラジンを2−クロロ−2,2−ジフルオロ酢酸メチルエステル、フッ化カリウム及びヨウ化銅を用い、ヨウ素原子をトリフルオロメチル基で置換する方法が知られている(例えば、非特許文献1を参照)。
また、フェニルグリオキシル酸エステル誘導体とエチレンジアミンとを反応させて、ジヒドロピラジノン誘導体に導き、これを酸化することによりヒドロキシピラジン誘導体に変換する方法が報告されている(例えば、非特許文献2を参照)が、本発明のようなハロアルキル基が導入された化合物に関しては、具体的な開示も示唆もされていない。
A 3-haloalkyl-2-halogenopyrazine derivative is used as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, etc., especially between agricultural and horticultural acaricides (for example, see Patent Document 1) and fungicides (for example, see Patent Document 2). Useful as a body.
As a production method thereof, a method is known in which 2-chloro-3-iodopyrazine is substituted with 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetic acid methyl ester, potassium fluoride and copper iodide, and the iodine atom is substituted with a trifluoromethyl group. (For example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
In addition, a method has been reported in which a phenylglyoxylic acid ester derivative and ethylenediamine are reacted to lead to a dihydropyrazinone derivative, which is converted to a hydroxypyrazine derivative by oxidation (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). However, there is no specific disclosure or suggestion regarding a compound into which a haloalkyl group is introduced as in the present invention.

特開2006−008675号公報JP 2006-008675 A 国際公開第2007/072999号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 2007/072999 Pamphlet

J.Heterocyclic Chem.,34(2),551−556(1997)J. et al. Heterocyclic Chem. , 34 (2), 551-556 (1997) Acta Chemica Scandinavia,1997,51,742Acta Chemica Scandinavia, 1997, 51, 742

前記非特許文献1の方法では、予めヘテロ環の適切な位置にヨウ素原子を導入しておく必要があること、高価な2−クロロ−2,2−ジフルオロ酢酸メチルエステルを用いること、等量数以上のヨウ化銅が必要であること及びその除去が困難であること、更に反応温度が高温であること等、必ずしも工業的に有利な製造法とは言えない。
また前記非特許文献2の報告には、本発明に係る誘導体類及びその製造方法について何の開示も示唆も無い。更に、本発明に係る誘導体類を非特許文献2に開示されている方法に従って脱水素化反応させても、対応するヒドロキシピラジン誘導体は全く製造することができなかった。
本発明の課題は、医薬又は農薬等の中間体として有用な3−ハロアルキル−2−ハロゲノピラジン誘導体類の新規で工業的に有利な製造方法を提供することである。
In the method of Non-Patent Document 1, it is necessary to introduce an iodine atom at an appropriate position of the heterocyclic ring in advance, use of expensive 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetic acid methyl ester, equivalent number The above copper iodide is necessary and difficult to remove, and the reaction temperature is high, so that it is not necessarily an industrially advantageous production method.
In addition, the report of Non-Patent Document 2 does not disclose or suggest the derivatives according to the present invention and the production method thereof. Furthermore, even when the derivatives according to the present invention were dehydrogenated according to the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2, no corresponding hydroxypyrazine derivative could be produced.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel and industrially advantageous production method of 3-haloalkyl-2-halogenopyrazine derivatives useful as intermediates for pharmaceuticals or agricultural chemicals.

前記課題を解決すべく本発明者等は鋭意研究を行った結果、ハロゲン原子により置換されたピルビン酸エステル及びエチレンジアミン又はその塩とを反応させることにより新規なジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類に導いた。次いで種々の酸化反応を検討することにより新規なヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類とし、更にヒドロキシル基をハロゲン化することにより工業的に有用な3−ハロアルキル−2−ハロゲノピラジン誘導体類を効率よく製造することを見出した。更に一般式(II)及び(III)で表される化合物は文献未記載の新規化合物であることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
即ち、本発明は、
[1]一般式(III)
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have led to novel dihydropyrazinone derivatives by reacting pyruvate substituted with a halogen atom and ethylenediamine or a salt thereof. Next, by examining various oxidation reactions, it was found that novel hydroxypyrazine derivatives were obtained, and further industrially useful 3-haloalkyl-2-halogenopyrazine derivatives were efficiently produced by halogenating the hydroxyl group. It was. Furthermore, it has been found that the compounds represented by the general formulas (II) and (III) are novel compounds not described in the literature, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention
[1] General formula (III)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類を有機塩基類の存在下、脱水素化することを特徴とする、一般式(II)(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group). A dihydropyrazinone derivative represented by the general formula is dehydrogenated in the presence of an organic base. (II)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じ。)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[2]一般式(IV)
(Wherein R 1 is the same as above), a method for producing hydroxypyrazine derivatives represented by:
[2] General formula (IV)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示し、Rは(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるピルビン酸エステル誘導体類とエチレンジアミン又はその塩類とを反応させて一般式(III)(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group, and R 2 represents a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group) and a pyruvate derivative represented by ethylenediamine or a salt thereof And the general formula (III)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じ。)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類を製造し、該ジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類(III)を有機塩基類の存在下、脱水素化することを特徴とする一般式(II)(Wherein R 1 is the same as above), and the dihydropyrazinone derivative (III) is dehydrogenated in the presence of an organic base. General formula (II)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じ。)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[3]一般式(III)
(Wherein R 1 is the same as above), a method for producing hydroxypyrazine derivatives represented by:
[3] General formula (III)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類を有機塩基類の存在下、脱水素化して一般式(II)(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group) and the dihydropyrazinone derivatives represented by the general formula (II) are dehydrogenated in the presence of an organic base.

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じ。)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類を製造し、該ヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類(II)をハロゲン化することを特徴とする一般式(I)(Wherein R 1 is the same as above), and the hydroxypyrazine derivative (II) is halogenated.

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じくし、Xはハロゲン原子を示す。)で表されるピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[4]一般式(IV)
(Wherein R 1 is the same as described above, and X represents a halogen atom), a method for producing a pyrazine derivative represented by:
[4] General formula (IV)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示し、Rは(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるピルビン酸エステル誘導体類とエチレンジアミン又はその塩類とを反応させて一般式(III)(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group, and R 2 represents a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group) and a pyruvate derivative represented by ethylenediamine or a salt thereof And the general formula (III)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じ。)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類を製造し、該ジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類(III)を有機塩基類の存在下、脱水素化して一般式(II)(Wherein R 1 is the same as above), and the dihydropyrazinone derivative (III) is dehydrogenated in the presence of an organic base to give a general formula (II )

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じ。)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類を製造し、該ヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類(II)をハロゲン化することを特徴とする一般式(I)(Wherein R 1 is the same as above), and the hydroxypyrazine derivative (II) is halogenated.

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rは前記に同じくし、Xはハロゲン原子を示す。)で表されるピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[5]有機塩基類が、ピリジン、2−ピコリン、3−ピコリン、4−ピコリン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン、5−エチル−2−メチルピリジン、2,3−ルチジン、2,4−ルチジン、2,5−ルチジン、2,6−ルチジン、3,4−ルチジン、3,5−ルチジン、3,6−ルチジンである請求項1乃至4に記載の製造方法、
[6] 有機塩基類が、ピリジンである[1]乃至[4]に記載の製造方法、
[7] Rがハロ(C−C)アルキル基である[1]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[8] Rがハロ(C−C)アルキル基であり、Rが(C−C)アルキル基である[2]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[9] Rがハロ(C−C)アルキル基であり、Xがハロゲン原子である[3]に記載のピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[10] Rがハロ(C−C)アルキル基であり、Rが(C−C)アルキル基であり、Xがハロゲン原子である[4]に記載のピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[11] 有機塩基類が、ピリジン、2−ピコリン、3−ピコリン、4−ピコリン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン、5−エチル−2−メチルピリジン、2,3−ルチジン、2,4−ルチジン、2,5−ルチジン、2,6−ルチジン、3,4−ルチジン、3,5−ルチジン、3,6−ルチジンである[7]乃至[10]に記載の製造方法、
[12] 有機塩基類が、ピリジンである[7]乃至[10]に記載の製造方法、
[13] Rがフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基である[1]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[14] Rがフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基であり、Rが(C−C)アルキル基である[2]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[15] Rがフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基であり、Xがハロゲン原子である[3]に記載のピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[16] Rがフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基であり、Rが(C−C)アルキル基であり、Xがハロゲン原子である[4]に記載のピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[17] 有機塩基類が、ピリジン、2−ピコリン、3−ピコリン、4−ピコリン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン、5−エチル−2−メチルピリジン、2,3−ルチジン、2,4−ルチジン、2,5−ルチジン、2,6−ルチジン、3,4−ルチジン、3,5−ルチジン、3,6−ルチジンである[13]乃至[16]に記載の製造方法、
[18] 有機塩基類が、ピリジンである[13]乃至[16]に記載の製造方法、
[19] Rがトリフルオロメチル基である[1]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[20] Rがトリフルオロメチル基であり、Rが(C−C)アルキル基である[2]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[21] Rがトリフルオロメチル基であり、Xがハロゲン原子である[3]に記載のピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[22] Rがトリフルオロメチル基であり、Rが(C−C)アルキル基であり、Xがハロゲン原子である[4]に記載のピラジン誘導体類の製造方法、
[23] 有機塩基類が、ピリジン、2−ピコリン、3−ピコリン、4−ピコリン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン、5−エチル−2−メチルピリジン、2,3−ルチジン、2,4−ルチジン、2,5−ルチジン、2,6−ルチジン、3,4−ルチジン、3,5−ルチジン、3,6−ルチジンである[19]乃至[22]に記載の製造方法、
[24] 有機塩基類が、ピリジンである[19]乃至[22]に記載の製造方法、
[25]一般式(III)
(Wherein R 1 is the same as described above, and X represents a halogen atom), a method for producing a pyrazine derivative represented by:
[5] Organic bases are pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2 , 5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, 3,6-lutidine,
[6] The production method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the organic base is pyridine.
[7] The method for producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative according to [1], wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group,
[8] The method for producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative according to [2], wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group, and R 2 is a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group,
[9] The method for producing a pyrazine derivative according to [3], wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group, and X is a halogen atom.
[10] The pyrazine derivatives according to [4], wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group, R 2 is a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group, and X is a halogen atom. Production method,
[11] Organic bases are pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2 , 5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, 3,6-lutidine, the production method according to [7] to [10],
[12] The production method according to [7] to [10], wherein the organic base is pyridine,
[13] The method for producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative according to [1], wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group,
[14] The method for producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative according to [2], wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group and R 2 is a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group,
[15] The method for producing a pyrazine derivative according to [3], wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group, and X is a halogen atom.
[16] The pyrazine derivatives according to [4], wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group, R 2 is a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group, and X is a halogen atom. Production method,
[17] The organic base is pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2 , 5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, 3,6-lutidine, [13] to [16],
[18] The production method according to [13] to [16], wherein the organic base is pyridine,
[19] The method for producing a hydroxypyrazine derivative according to [1], wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group,
[20] The method for producing hydroxypyrazine derivatives according to [2], wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group and R 2 is a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group,
[21] The method for producing a pyrazine derivative according to [3], wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group, and X is a halogen atom.
[22] The method for producing a pyrazine derivative according to [4], wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group, R 2 is a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group, and X is a halogen atom.
[23] Organic bases are pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2 , 5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, 3,6-lutidine, [19] to [22],
[24] The production method according to [19] to [22], wherein the organic base is pyridine.
[25] General formula (III)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類、
[26] Rがハロ(C−C)アルキル基である[25]に記載のジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類、
[27] Rがフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基である[25]に記載のジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類、
[28] Rがトリフルオロメチル基である[25]に記載のジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類、
[29] 一般式(II)
(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group), dihydropyrazinone derivatives represented by:
[26] Dihydropyrazinone derivatives according to [25], wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group,
[27] The dihydropyrazinone derivatives according to [25], wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group,
[28] Dihydropyrazinone derivatives according to [25], wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group,
[29] General formula (II)

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類、
[30] Rがハロ(C−C)アルキル基である[29]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類、
[31] Rがフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基である[29]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類、
[32] Rがトリフルオロメチル基である[29]に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類に関する。
(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group),
[30] The hydroxypyrazine derivatives according to [29], wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group,
[31] The hydroxypyrazine derivatives according to [29], wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group,
[32] The hydroxypyrazine derivative according to [29], wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group.

本発明によれば、入手容易な試薬を用い、従来使用していたヨウ化銅を使用することなく、目的化合物を効率的且つ経済的有利に工業的規模で製造できる。   According to the present invention, an objective compound can be produced efficiently and economically advantageously on an industrial scale by using an easily available reagent and without using conventionally used copper iodide.

本発明の好ましい実施態様について述べる。Rとしてはハロ(C−C)アルキル基が良く、好ましくはハロ(C−C)アルキル基、更に好ましくはフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基、最も好ましくはトリフルオロメチル基である。Rとしては、(C−C)アルキル基が良い。Xとしてはハロゲン原子が良く、好ましくは臭素原子又は塩素原子が良く、最も好ましくは塩素原子である。
次に本明細書中に記載する各置換基を説明する。本発明の一般式(I)〜(IV)で表される化合物の置換基の定義中、『ハロゲン原子』とはフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を示し、『(C−C)アルキル基』とは、炭素原子数1〜6の直鎖状又は分枝状のアルキル基を示し、例えば、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、i−プロピル、n−ブチル、i−ブチル、s−ブチル、t−ブチル、n−ペンチル、n−ヘキシル等のアルキル基を示し、『ハロ(C−C)アルキル基』とは同一又は異なっても良く、1以上のハロゲン原子で置換された炭素原子数1〜6の直鎖状又は分枝状のアルキル基を示し、『フルオロ(C−C)アルキル基』とは1以上のフッ素原子で置換された炭素原子数1〜3の直鎖状又は分枝状のアルキル基を示す。
また、塩類は酸塩であってよく、酸塩における酸としては、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸等の無機酸類、蟻酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、プロピオン酸等の有機酸類、メタンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸類等を挙げることができる。
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. R 1 is preferably a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group, preferably a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group, more preferably a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group, most preferably trifluoromethyl. It is a group. R 2 is preferably a (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group. X is preferably a halogen atom, preferably a bromine atom or a chlorine atom, and most preferably a chlorine atom.
Next, each substituent described in this specification is demonstrated. In the definition of the substituents of the compounds represented by the general formulas (I) to (IV) of the present invention, “halogen atom” means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, and “(C 1 -C “6 ) alkyl group” means a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, An alkyl group such as s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, etc., which may be the same as or different from the “halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group” and substituted with one or more halogen atoms And a “fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group” is 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. 3 linear or branched alkyl groups are shown.
The salt may be an acid salt. Examples of the acid in the acid salt include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid. Examples thereof include sulfonic acids such as romethanesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

本発明に関与する反応は以下のように図示される。   The reaction involved in the present invention is illustrated as follows.

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

(式中、R、R及びXは前記に同じ。)
即ち、一般式(IV)で表されるピルビン酸エステル誘導体類とエチレンジアミン又はその塩とを反応させ、一般式(III)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類とし、該ジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類(III)を単離し又は単離せずして脱水素化することにより、一般式(II)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類に変換し、該ヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類(II)をハロゲン化剤でハロゲン化することにより一般式(I)で表されるピラジン誘導体類を製造することができる。
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 and X are the same as above)
That is, a pyruvic acid ester derivative represented by the general formula (IV) is reacted with ethylenediamine or a salt thereof to obtain a dihydropyrazinone derivative represented by the general formula (III), and the dihydropyrazinone derivative (III ) Is isolated or unisolated to convert to hydroxypyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (II), and the hydroxypyrazine derivatives (II) are halogenated with a halogenating agent Thus, pyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (I) can be produced.

一般式(IV)→ 一般式(III)
本反応は、一般式(IV)で表されるピルビン酸エステル誘導体類を、不活性溶媒中エチレンジアミン又はその塩と反応させて、一般式(III)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類を製造する。一般式(IV)で表されるピルビン酸エステル誘導体類に対しエチレンジアミン又はその塩を0.1〜10倍モルの範囲で使用可能であるが、好ましくは0.5〜5倍モルの範囲であり、更に好ましくは0.9〜1.2倍モルである。使用する不活性溶媒としては、本反応の進行を著しく阻害しないものであれば良く、例えば、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサンなどの脂肪族炭化水素類、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素などのハロゲン化炭化水素類、ジエチルエーテル、t−ブチルメチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2−ジメトキシエタンなどの鎖状または環状エーテル類、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、i−プロパノールなどのアルコール類、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド類、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル類又は1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン又は水などの不活性溶媒を示すことができ、これらの溶媒は単独もしくは2種以上の不活性溶媒を混合して使用することができる。
General formula (IV) → General formula (III)
In this reaction, pyruvic acid ester derivatives represented by general formula (IV) are reacted with ethylenediamine or a salt thereof in an inert solvent to produce dihydropyrazinone derivatives represented by general formula (III). . Ethylenediamine or a salt thereof can be used in the range of 0.1 to 10 times mol, preferably 0.5 to 5 times mol for the pyruvate derivatives represented by the general formula (IV). More preferably, it is 0.9 to 1.2 times mol. The inert solvent to be used may be any one that does not significantly inhibit the progress of this reaction. For example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclohexane, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. , Halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chain or cyclic ethers such as diethyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methanol, ethanol, n- Propanol, alcohols such as i-propanol, amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, nitriles such as acetonitrile, or inert solvents such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone or water, These solvents Alone or in combination of two or more inert solvents can be used.

反応温度は0℃から使用する不活性溶媒の還流温度の範囲で適宜選択すればよいが、好ましくは0℃〜不活性溶媒の沸点までの範囲から選ばれる。反応時間は反応規模、反応温度などにより変化し、一定ではないが数分〜100時間の範囲で適宜選択すればよい。反応は、空気中の酸素などの存在下でも進行するが、窒素ガスやアルゴンガスなどの不活性ガス雰囲気で反応させてもよい。   The reaction temperature may be appropriately selected from the range of 0 ° C. to the reflux temperature of the inert solvent used, but is preferably selected from the range of 0 ° C. to the boiling point of the inert solvent. The reaction time varies depending on the reaction scale, reaction temperature and the like, and is not constant but may be appropriately selected within the range of several minutes to 100 hours. The reaction proceeds even in the presence of oxygen in the air, but the reaction may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas.

Figure 0005631741
Figure 0005631741

の種類によっては一般式(III’)で示されるヘミアミナールの状態で反応が停止する場合があるが、その場合はヘミアミナールを酸触媒存在下加熱脱水すれば良い。用いられる酸としてはp−トルエンスルホン酸、メタンスルホン酸などのスルホン酸類;硫酸、塩酸などの無機酸;塩化鉄などのルイス酸等が好適に用いられる。用いられる酸の使用量は、ヘミアミナールに対し、0.01〜1倍モル範囲で使用可能であるが、好ましくは0.02〜0.2倍モルの範囲である。使用する溶媒は、水と混じりあわない溶媒ならば好ましく、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素などのハロゲン化炭化水素類などの不活性溶媒がより好ましい。脱水に要する時間は一定ではないが数分〜100時間の範囲で適宜選択すればよい。
反応終了後、反応系から目的物を常法により単離すれば良く、これを必要に応じて再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィー等でさらに精製することにより目的物を製造することができる。また、単離せずに次の反応に使用することもできる。
Depending on the type of R 1 , the reaction may stop in the state of hemiaminal represented by general formula (III ′). In this case, hemiaminal may be heated and dehydrated in the presence of an acid catalyst. As the acid used, sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and methanesulfonic acid; inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid; Lewis acids such as iron chloride are preferably used. Although the usage-amount of the acid used can be used in 0.01-1 times mole range with respect to hemiaminal, Preferably it is the range of 0.02-0.2 times mole. The solvent used is preferably a solvent that does not mix with water, and is more preferably an inert solvent such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. . The time required for dehydration is not constant, but may be appropriately selected within the range of several minutes to 100 hours.
After completion of the reaction, the target product may be isolated from the reaction system by a conventional method, and the target product can be produced by further purification by recrystallization, column chromatography or the like, if necessary. It can also be used in the next reaction without isolation.

一般式(III)→ 一般式(II)
一般式(III)で表されるジヒドロピラジン誘導体類をピリジンなどの塩基類の存在下、不活性溶媒中或いは無溶媒にて、加熱攪拌することにより脱水素化させて一般式(II)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類を製造することができる。不活性溶媒としては、本反応の進行を著しく阻害しないものであればよく、例えば、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサンなどの脂肪族炭化水素類、ベンゼン、キシレン、トルエンなどの芳香族炭化水素類、ジエチルエーテル、t−ブチルメチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2−ジメトキシエタンなどの鎖状または環状エーテル類、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド類、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリルなどのニトリル類、アセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどの鎖状または環状ケトン類、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、i−プロパノールなどのアルコール類、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホキシド及び水などの不活性溶媒を挙げることができ、これらの不活性溶媒は単独もしくは2種以上を混合して使用することができる。
General formula (III) → General formula (II)
The dihydropyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (III) are dehydrogenated by heating and stirring in the presence of a base such as pyridine in an inert solvent or without a solvent, and represented by the general formula (II). Hydroxypyrazine derivatives can be prepared. The inert solvent may be any solvent that does not significantly inhibit the progress of this reaction. For example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene and toluene, diethyl Ether, t-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, linear or cyclic ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, acetone, methyl Linear or cyclic ketones such as isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and i-propanol, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazo Jin Won, sulfolane, can be exemplified inert solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide and water, these inert solvents may be mixed and used alone or in combination.

塩基類としては、例えば、モノエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、ピロリジン、ピペリジン、モルホリン、ピリジン、2−ピコリン、3−ピコリン、4−ピコリン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン、5−エチル−2−メチルピリジン、2,3−ルチジン、2,4−ルチジン、2,5−ルチジン、2,6−ルチジン、3,4−ルチジン、3,5−ルチジン、3,6−ルチジン、キノリン、ピロールなどの有機塩基類、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどの水酸化アルカリ金属類、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウムなどの炭酸塩類、リン酸一水素カリウム、リン酸三ナトリウムなどのリン酸塩類、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムエトキシドなどのアルカリ金属アルコキシド類などを示すことができる。塩基類の酸塩としては、ジエチルアミンの塩酸塩、ピロリジンの塩酸塩、ピリジンの硫酸塩などの有機塩基の酸塩類、酢酸アンモニウムなどのアンモニウム塩を例示することができる。これらの中で、好ましくは有機塩基、更に好ましくは、ピリジン、2−ピコリン、3−ピコリン、4−ピコリン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン、5−エチル−2−メチルピリジン、2,3−ルチジン、2,4−ルチジン、2,5−ルチジン、2,6−ルチジン、3,4−ルチジン、3,5−ルチジン、3,6−ルチジン等の置換ピリジン類が選ばれる。   Examples of bases include monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methyl. Organics such as pyridine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2,5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, 3,6-lutidine, quinoline and pyrrole Bases, alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, carbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate, phosphates such as potassium monohydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate, sodium Alkali metal alkoxides such as methoxide and sodium ethoxide Succoth can. Examples of acid salts of bases include acid salts of organic bases such as diethylamine hydrochloride, pyrrolidine hydrochloride and pyridine sulfate, and ammonium salts such as ammonium acetate. Of these, preferably an organic base, more preferably pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 2,3-lutidine, 2 Substituted pyridines such as 1,4-lutidine, 2,5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, 3,6-lutidine and the like are selected.

これらの塩基類又はその酸塩は、一般式(III)で表されるジヒドロピラジン誘導体類に対して0.01倍モルから溶媒量の範囲で適宜選択することができるが、好ましくは1〜20倍モルの範囲である。
反応温度は−30℃から使用する不活性溶媒の還流温度の範囲で適宜選択すればよいが、好ましくは0〜80℃の範囲から選ばれる。反応時間は反応規模、反応温度などにより変化し、一定ではないが数分〜200時間の範囲で適宜選択すればよい。
These bases or acid salts thereof can be appropriately selected in the range of 0.01 mole to solvent amount with respect to the dihydropyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (III), preferably 1 to 20 The range is double moles.
The reaction temperature may be appropriately selected within the range of −30 ° C. to the reflux temperature of the inert solvent used, and is preferably selected from the range of 0 to 80 ° C. The reaction time varies depending on the reaction scale, reaction temperature, and the like, and is not constant but may be appropriately selected within the range of several minutes to 200 hours.

本反応には反応を促進させることを目的として添加物を加えても良い。添加物の例としては、二酸化マンガンなどのマンガン化合物;クロム酸ナトリウムなどのクロム酸類;四酢酸鉛などの鉛化合物;酸化水銀などの水銀化合物;四酸化オスミウム、四酸化ルテニウム、二酸化セレンなどの酸化剤;塩化鉄、沃化銅、塩化銅、塩化マグネシウム、塩化亜鉛、弗化ホウ素等の金属ハロゲン化物;炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸バリウム、炭酸アンモニウム等の炭酸塩;酸化第一銅、酸化第二銅、酸化鉄、酸化パラジウム等の金属酸化物;沃素、臭素などのハロゲン類;N−クロロスクシンイミド、N−ブロモスクシンイミド、ジヨードヒダントインなどのハロイミド類;パラジウム、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、セレン、レニウムなどの遷移金属化合物;DDQなどのキノン系酸化剤;過酸化水素水、過安息香酸、m−クロル過安息香酸などの過酸化物;硫黄原子、酸素、活性炭、シリカゲル、アルミナ、酸化チタン、珪藻土、軽石、硫酸バリウム又はポリアニリン(J.O.C.,1997,62,1072−1078、T.L.,48(2007)2729−2732)が挙げられる。パラジウム、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、セレン、レニウムなどの遷移金属化合物は、金属そのものも使用できるが、例えば、活性炭、シリカゲル、アルミナ、酸化チタン、珪藻土、軽石、硫酸バリウム又はポリアニリンに担持させたものも使用でき、好ましくは、活性炭に担持させたPd/C及びPt/Cが好ましい。このように遷移金属化合物が0価の場合は、当該反応で酸化された遷移金属化合物を0価(還元型)に戻しつつ反応を行うために、蟻酸ナトリウム、蟻酸アンモニウムなどの蟻酸塩;ヒドロキノン、ホルムアルデヒド、蟻酸、ぶどう糖、アスコルビン酸などの有機還元剤;一酸化炭素、エチレン、メタンのような還元性気体を混合して使用することもできる。一方、酸化された状態の遷移金属化合物も使用でき、例えば、PdCl、Pd(OH)、酸化パラジウム、硫化パラジウム、PtO、塩化イリジウム(III)、塩化ロジウム(III)、塩化ルテニウム(III)、酸化レニウムなどの無機遷移金属化合物;酢酸パラジウム(II)、ジクロロビス(ベンゾニトリル)パラジウム(II)、カルボニルトリス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)、ジクロロビス(トリアルキルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)、trans−[ヨード(フェニル)ビス(ジメチルフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)]、trans−[ジメチルビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)]、ビス(イソシアン化t−ブチル)パラジウム(0)、(二酸素)ビス(イソシアン化t−ブチル)パラジウム、Pd2Cl4(C2H4)2、Pd2Cl4(PPh)2、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)、Pd(C2H4) (PPh)2、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)二パラジウム(0)、PdCl (CH12)、[PdCl (CH)]、Pd(CH)(CH)、Pd(C3H52、[Pd(CH)(CH12)]BF4、[Pd(CH)(CH12)]BF4、[Pd(acac)(CH12)]BF4などの有機遷移金属化合物が挙げられる。また、2種以上の遷移金属化合物を組み合わせて使用することもでき、例えば、Wacker酸化(”Palladium Reagents and Catalysts”, First Edition 2004, Wiley, 29−35;Synthesis 1984, 369−384)などの手法を用いることができる。これらの添加物の中で、好ましくは金属ハロゲン化物、炭酸塩、ハロゲン分子、活性炭又は活性炭、シリカゲル、アルミナ、酸化チタン、珪藻土、軽石、硫酸若しくはバリウムポリアニリンに担持された遷移金属化合物が挙げられる。これらの添加物は単独もしくは2種以上を混合して使用することもできる。An additive may be added to this reaction for the purpose of promoting the reaction. Examples of additives include manganese compounds such as manganese dioxide; chromic acids such as sodium chromate; lead compounds such as lead tetraacetate; mercury compounds such as mercury oxide; oxidations such as osmium tetroxide, ruthenium tetroxide, and selenium dioxide. Agents; metal halides such as iron chloride, copper iodide, copper chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, boron fluoride; carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, ammonium carbonate; Metal oxides such as cuprous oxide, cupric oxide, iron oxide and palladium oxide; halogens such as iodine and bromine; haloimides such as N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide and diiodohydantoin; palladium and platinum , Iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, rhenium and other transition metal compounds Quinone-based oxidizing agents such as DDQ; peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, perbenzoic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid; sulfur atoms, oxygen, activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, titanium oxide, diatomaceous earth, pumice, barium sulfate or And polyaniline (JOC, 1997, 62, 1072-1078, TL, 48 (2007) 2729-2732). Transition metal compounds such as palladium, platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, rhenium, etc. can be used as metal itself. For example, activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, titanium oxide, diatomaceous earth, pumice, barium sulfate or polyaniline are supported. Can be used, and Pd / C and Pt / C supported on activated carbon are preferred. When the transition metal compound is zero-valent in this way, in order to carry out the reaction while returning the transition metal compound oxidized by the reaction to zero-valent (reduced type), formate such as sodium formate and ammonium formate; hydroquinone, Organic reducing agents such as formaldehyde, formic acid, glucose, and ascorbic acid; reducing gases such as carbon monoxide, ethylene, and methane may be mixed and used. On the other hand, transition metal compounds in an oxidized state can also be used, for example, PdCl 2 , Pd (OH) 2 , palladium oxide, palladium sulfide, PtO 2 , iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride, ruthenium chloride (III). ), Inorganic transition metal compounds such as rhenium oxide; palladium (II) acetate, dichlorobis (benzonitrile) palladium (II), carbonyltris (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), dichlorobis (trialkylphosphine) palladium (II), trans- [iodo (phenyl) bis (dimethylphenylphosphine) palladium (II)], trans- [dimethylbis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II)], bis (t-butylisocyanide) palladium (0), (two Oxygen) bis (t-butyl isocyanate), Pd 2 Cl 4 (C 2 H 4 ) 2 , Pd 2 Cl 4 (PPh 3 ) 2 , tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), Pd (C 2 H 4 ) (PPh 3 ) 2 , tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), PdCl 2 ( C 8 H 12), [PdCl (C 3 H 5)] 2, Pd (C 3 H 5) (C 5 H 5), Pd (C 3 H 5) 2, [Pd (C 5 H 5) (C 8 H 12)] BF 4, [Pd (C 3 H 5) (C 8 H 12)] BF 4, and organic transition metal compounds, such as [Pd (acac) (C 8 H 12)] BF 4. Two or more transition metal compounds can also be used in combination, for example, a method such as Wacker oxidation ("Palladium Reagents and Catalysts", First Edition 2004, Wiley, 29-35; Synthesis 1984, 369-384). Can be used. Among these additives, transition metal compounds supported on metal halides, carbonates, halogen molecules, activated carbon or activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, titanium oxide, diatomaceous earth, pumice, sulfuric acid or barium polyaniline are preferable. These additives can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

これら添加物は、一般式(III)で表されるジヒドロピラジン誘導体類に対して0.001倍から10倍モルの範囲で適宜選択することができるが、好ましくは0.01〜2倍モルの範囲が好ましい。
また本反応は、酸素或いは空気バブリングなど酸化的雰囲気が好ましい。
反応終了後、目的物を含む反応系から目的物を常法により単離すれば良く、これを必要に応じて再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィー等で精製することにより目的物を製造することができる。また、単離せずに次の反応に使用することもできる。
These additives can be appropriately selected in the range of 0.001 to 10-fold moles with respect to the dihydropyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (III), but preferably 0.01 to 2-fold moles. A range is preferred.
The reaction is preferably in an oxidative atmosphere such as oxygen or air bubbling.
After completion of the reaction, the target product may be isolated from the reaction system containing the target product by a conventional method, and the target product can be produced by purifying it by recrystallization, column chromatography or the like, if necessary. It can also be used in the next reaction without isolation.

一般式(II)→ 一般式(I)
本発明の一般式(I)で表されるピラジン誘導体類は一般式(II)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類をハロゲン化剤と反応させ製造することができる。反応は特に溶媒を用いなくてもよいが、必要に応じて触媒との共存下に、或いは不活性溶媒中で実施することもできる。触媒としては、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどの塩基性溶媒、N、N−ジメチルアニリン、N、N−ジエチルアニリンなどの有機塩基を例示することができ、これら触媒の使用量は、ハロゲン化剤に対して0.01から1倍モル当量の範囲で適宜選択される。不活性溶媒としては、本反応の進行を著しく阻害しないものであればよく、例えば、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサンなどの脂肪族炭化水素類、ベンゼン、キシレン、トルエンなどの芳香族炭化水素類、ジエチルエーテル、t−ブチルメチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2−ジメトキシエタンなどの鎖状または環状エーテル類、ジメチルホルミアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド類、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリルなどのニトリル類、アセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどの鎖状または環状ケトン類、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド系不活性溶媒、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、及びスルホランなどの不活性溶媒を例示することができ、これらの不活性溶媒は単独もしくは2種以上を混合して使用することができる。
General formula (II) → General formula (I)
The pyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention can be produced by reacting the hydroxypyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (II) with a halogenating agent. The reaction is not particularly required to use a solvent, but can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst or in an inert solvent, if necessary. Examples of the catalyst include basic solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, and organic bases such as N, N-dimethylaniline and N, N-diethylaniline. The amount of these catalysts used depends on the halogenating agent. On the other hand, it is appropriately selected within a range of 0.01 to 1 molar equivalent. The inert solvent may be any solvent that does not significantly inhibit the progress of this reaction. For example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene and toluene, diethyl Ether, t-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, linear or cyclic ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, acetone Linear or cyclic ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, amide-based inert solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, Can be exemplified inert solvent such as fine sulfolane, these inert solvents may be mixed and used alone or in combination.

ハロゲン化剤としては、例えば、塩化チオニル、オキシ塩化リン、五塩化リン、フェニルホスホン酸ジクロリド、ホスゲン、三臭化リンなどを例示することができる。これらのハロゲン化剤は、一般式(II)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類に対して1から20倍モル当量の範囲で適宜選択することができるが、好ましくは1〜3倍モルの範囲である。
反応温度は0℃から使用する不活性溶媒或はハロゲン化剤の還流温度の範囲で適宜選択すればよいが、好ましくは50〜180℃の範囲から選ばれる。反応時間は反応規模、反応温度などにより変化し、一定ではないが数分〜100時間の範囲で適宜選択すればよい。反応は、空気中の酸素などの存在下でも進行するが、窒素ガスやアルゴンガスなどの不活性ガス雰囲気で行ってもよい。反応終了後、反応系から常法により目的物を単離すれば良く、必要に応じて再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィー等でさらに精製することにより目的物を製造することができる。
Examples of the halogenating agent include thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phenylphosphonic dichloride, phosgene, phosphorus tribromide and the like. These halogenating agents can be appropriately selected in the range of 1 to 20 times molar equivalents relative to the hydroxypyrazine derivatives represented by the general formula (II), but preferably in the range of 1 to 3 times mol. is there.
The reaction temperature may be appropriately selected within the range of the reflux temperature of the inert solvent or halogenating agent used from 0 ° C, but is preferably selected from the range of 50 to 180 ° C. The reaction time varies depending on the reaction scale, reaction temperature and the like, and is not constant but may be appropriately selected within the range of several minutes to 100 hours. The reaction proceeds even in the presence of oxygen in the air, but may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas. After completion of the reaction, the target product may be isolated from the reaction system by a conventional method, and the target product can be produced by further purification by recrystallization, column chromatography or the like, if necessary.

それぞれの工程で製造される本発明化合物は常法により反応液から得ることができるが、所望により、蒸留、懸濁洗浄、再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィー等の任意の精製法によって分離、精製することができる。また、塩酸などの無機酸を使用して、塩にして分離精製することもできる。
本願発明の製造方法により得られる3−ハロアルキル−2−ハロゲノピラジン誘導体類は、例えば参考例に示した方法等により容易に3−ハロアルキルピラジンー2−イルカルボン酸エステル誘導体類に誘導され、これを更にアミド化することにより農園芸用殺ダニ剤(特許文献1)や殺菌剤(特許文献2)などとして有用な化合物を製造することができる。
The compound of the present invention produced in each step can be obtained from the reaction solution by a conventional method. If desired, it can be separated and purified by any purification method such as distillation, suspension washing, recrystallization, column chromatography and the like. Can do. Moreover, it can also be separated into a salt and purified using an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid.
The 3-haloalkyl-2-halogenopyrazine derivatives obtained by the production method of the present invention are easily derived into 3-haloalkylpyrazin-2-ylcarboxylic acid ester derivatives by, for example, the method shown in Reference Examples, By amidation, compounds useful as agricultural and horticultural acaricides (Patent Document 1) and fungicides (Patent Document 2) can be produced.

以下に本発明の代表的な実施例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。以下において「v」は「体積」を、「w」は「重量」を表す。   Typical examples of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following, “v” represents “volume” and “w” represents “weight”.

実施例1. 3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オンの製造
エチレンジアミン (4.2g、70.6mmol)のトルエン溶液(100ml)に、氷冷下トリフルオロピルビン酸エチル(12g、70.6mmol)を滴下し、室温にて15時間攪拌した。その後P−トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(0.7g、0.37mmol)を加え3時間共沸脱水した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却した後、セライト濾過し濾液を減圧濃縮した。析出した結晶を濾取し、t−ブチルメチルエーテル/n−ヘキサンの混合溶媒にて洗浄、風乾し表題化合物を黄色固体として得た。
収量;10.9g
収率;93%
物性:H−NMR [CDCl/TMSδ値(ppm)]
3.56(2H,m),4.04(2H,m),6.7(1H,brs)
融点:98―99℃
Example 1. Preparation of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one To a toluene solution (100 ml) of ethylenediamine (4.2 g, 70.6 mmol), ethyl trifluoropyruvate (12 g, 70.6 mmol) was added dropwise and stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. Thereafter, P-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.7 g, 0.37 mmol) was added and azeotropic dehydration was performed for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with a mixed solvent of t-butyl methyl ether / n-hexane, and air-dried to obtain the title compound as a yellow solid.
Yield; 10.9g
Yield: 93%
Physical properties: 1 H-NMR [CDCl 3 / TMSδ value (ppm)]
3.56 (2H, m), 4.04 (2H, m), 6.7 (1H, brs)
Melting point: 98-99 ° C

実施例2. 2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その1
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(0.6g、3.6mmol)のピリジン溶液(6ml)を60℃にて20時間加熱攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却し、減圧濃縮した残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(n−ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1(v/v))にて精製し褐色固体として表題化合物を得た。
収量;0.42g
収率;43%
物性:H−NMR [CDCl/TMSδ値(ppm)]
7.67(1H,d),7.58(1H,d).
融点:138-139℃
Example 2 Production of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-Part 1
A pyridine solution (6 ml) of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (0.6 g, 3.6 mmol) was heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 20 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the residue concentrated under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 1: 1 (v / v)) to give the title compound as a brown solid.
Yield; 0.42g
Yield; 43%
Physical properties: 1 H-NMR [CDCl 3 / TMSδ value (ppm)]
7.67 (1H, d), 7.58 (1 H, d).
Melting point: 138-139 ° C

実施例3. 2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その2
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(4g、24.1mmol)のピリジン溶液(40ml)に塩化鉄(4g、24.6mmol)を加え55℃にて9時間加熱攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却し、減圧濃縮した残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(n−ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1(v/v))にて精製し褐色固体として表題化合物を得た。
収量;2.7g
収率;68%
Example 3 Production of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-2
Iron chloride (4 g, 24.6 mmol) was added to a pyridine solution (40 ml) of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (4 g, 24.1 mmol) for 9 hours at 55 ° C. Stir with heating. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the residue concentrated under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 1: 1 (v / v)) to give the title compound as a brown solid.
Yield; 2.7g
Yield; 68%

実施例4.実施例3の塩化鉄を塩化マグネシウムに代える以外は全く同様の操作で2.8gの2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンを得た。収率;71% Example 4 2.8 g of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine was obtained in exactly the same manner except that the iron chloride in Example 3 was replaced with magnesium chloride. Yield: 71%

実施例5. 2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その3
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(4g、24.1mmol)のピリジン溶液(40ml)に沃素(0.9g、3.5mmol)を加え55℃にて9時間加熱攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却し、セライト濾過し、濾液を減圧濃縮した残渣をn−ヘキサン/酢酸エチルにて再結晶化し褐色固体として表題化合物を得た。
収量;3.6g
収率;89%
Example 5 FIG. Production of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-3
Iodine (0.9 g, 3.5 mmol) was added to a pyridine solution (40 ml) of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (4 g, 24.1 mmol) at 55 ° C. for 9 hours. Stir with heating for hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from n-hexane / ethyl acetate to give the title compound as a brown solid.
Yield: 3.6g
Yield; 89%

実施例6. 2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その4
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(4g、24.1mmol)のピリジン溶液(40ml)に50%含水5%(w/w)Pd/C(1g)を加え60℃にて24時間激しく加熱攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却し、セライト濾過し、濾液を減圧濃縮し残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=4:1)にて精製し黄色固体として表題化合物を得た。
収量:3.7g
収率:93%
Example 6 Production of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-Part 4
To a pyridine solution (40 ml) of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (4 g, 24.1 mmol) was added 50% water content 5% (w / w) Pd / C (1 g). The mixture was vigorously heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, filtered through Celite, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane / ethyl acetate = 4: 1) to obtain the title compound as a yellow solid. .
Yield: 3.7g
Yield: 93%

実施例7.2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その5
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(4g、24.1mmol)、活性炭(1g)のピリジン溶液(40ml)を60℃にて24時間激しく加熱攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却し、不溶物をセライト濾過し、濾液を減圧濃縮した残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=4:1)にて精製し黄色固体として表題化合物を得た。
収量:2.9g
収率:73%
Example 7 Preparation of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-Part 5
A pyridine solution (40 ml) of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (4 g, 24.1 mmol) and activated carbon (1 g) was vigorously heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, insolubles were filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane / ethyl acetate = 4: 1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. Got.
Yield: 2.9g
Yield: 73%

実施例8.2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その6
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(2.2g、13.2mmol)、活性炭(0.55g)、炭酸カルシウム(0.3g、3.4mmol)のピリジン溶液(22ml)を60℃にて24時間激しく加熱攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却し、不溶物をセライト濾過し、濾液を減圧濃縮し残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=4:1)にて精製することにより表題化合物を黄色固体として得た。
収量:1.9g
収率:86%
Example 8. Preparation of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-Part 6
Pyridine solution of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (2.2 g, 13.2 mmol), activated carbon (0.55 g), calcium carbonate (0.3 g, 3.4 mmol) (22 ml) was vigorously heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, insolubles were filtered through Celite, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane / ethyl acetate = 4: 1) to give the title compound. Obtained as a yellow solid.
Yield: 1.9g
Yield: 86%

実施例9.2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その7
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(2.2g、13.2mmol)、活性炭(0.55g)、炭酸バリウム(0.67g、3.4mmol)の4−ピコリン溶液(22ml)を60℃にて20時間激しく加熱攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を室温に冷却し、不溶物をセライト濾過し、濾液を減圧濃縮した残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(n−ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=4:1)にて精製し黄色固体として表題化合物を得た。
収量:1.8g
収率:81%
Example 9 Preparation of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-Part 7
4-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (2.2 g, 13.2 mmol), activated carbon (0.55 g), barium carbonate (0.67 g, 3.4 mmol) 4- The picoline solution (22 ml) was vigorously heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 20 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, insolubles were filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane / ethyl acetate = 4: 1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. Got.
Yield: 1.8g
Yield: 81%

実施例10. 2−クロロ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その1
90%純度のフェニルホスホン酸ジクロリド(145g、699mmol)に2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン(61.4g、374mmol)を加え、155℃の油浴上で1.5時間撹拌した。反応液を50℃まで冷却しメチル−t−ブチルエーテル200mlで希釈して、200mlの氷水に注いだ。これを炭酸水素ナトリウム50gに注ぎ、セライトをしいたブフナーロートで吸引ろ過した。ろ液を分液ロートに移して水層を除き、有機層を水洗し、続いて飽和食塩水で洗浄した。得られた有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、セライトとシリカゲルを敷いたブフナーロートで吸引ろ過した。残渣をt−ブチルメチルエーテル900mlで洗浄した。得られた濾液と洗液を合わせて40℃の温水浴上、150mmHgにて濃縮し、褐色の油状物68gを得た。ガスクロマトグラフィーで定量分析した結果、この油状物は2−クロロ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン(54g、297mmol)とt−ブチルメチルエーテル14gから成っていた。
収率:80%
物性:H−NMR [DMSO−d/TMSδ値(ppm)]
8.62(2H,d).
Example 10 Preparation of 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-Part 1
2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine (61.4 g, 374 mmol) was added to 90% purity phenylphosphonic dichloride (145 g, 699 mmol), and the mixture was stirred on an oil bath at 155 ° C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to 50 ° C., diluted with 200 ml of methyl-t-butyl ether, and poured into 200 ml of ice water. This was poured into 50 g of sodium bicarbonate, and suction filtered through a Buchner funnel with celite. The filtrate was transferred to a separatory funnel, the aqueous layer was removed, the organic layer was washed with water, and then washed with saturated brine. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered through a Buchner funnel with celite and silica gel. The residue was washed with 900 ml of t-butyl methyl ether. The obtained filtrate and washings were combined and concentrated on a warm water bath at 40 ° C. at 150 mmHg to obtain 68 g of a brown oil. As a result of quantitative analysis by gas chromatography, this oily substance was composed of 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine (54 g, 297 mmol) and 14 g of t-butyl methyl ether.
Yield: 80%
Physical properties: 1 H-NMR [DMSO-d 6 / TMSδ value (ppm)]
8.62 (2H, d).

実施例11. 2−クロロ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その2
2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン(1.45g、10.3mmol)の塩化チオニル(1.5ml、20.5mmol)溶液にジメチルフォルムアミド(0.3ml、4mmol)を加え、2.5時間加熱還流した。反応液を氷に注ぎメチル−t−ブチルエーテル30mlで抽出した。有機層を水、重曹水、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄した。得られた有機層はガスクロマトグラフィーで定量分析した結果、2−クロロ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンを0.77g含有していた。
収率:48%
Example 11 Production of 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-2
Dimethylformamide (0.3 ml, 4 mmol) was added to a thionyl chloride (1.5 ml, 20.5 mmol) solution of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine (1.45 g, 10.3 mmol) for 2.5 hours. Heated to reflux. The reaction solution was poured into ice and extracted with 30 ml of methyl-t-butyl ether. The organic layer was washed successively with water, aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and saturated brine. As a result of quantitative analysis by gas chromatography, the obtained organic layer contained 0.77 g of 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine.
Yield: 48%

実施例12. 2−クロロ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造−その3
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(12g、72mmol)のピリジン溶液(120ml)に5%(w/w)Pd/C(3g)を加え55℃にて16時間加熱攪拌した。濾過し得られた濾液を減圧濃縮し、残渣に90%(w/w)フェニルホスホン酸ジクロリド(20g、0.102mol)を加え160℃にて1.5時間攪拌した。50℃に冷却した後、t−ブチルメチルエーテルを加え氷水に注いだ。NaHCOでPH=7−8に調整しセライト濾過、濾液を分液し有機層は水、飽和食塩水にて順次洗浄した。NaSOにて乾燥し溶媒を留去し、残渣を減圧蒸留(65℃/20mmHg)にて精製し表題化合物を無色液体として得た。
収量;9.6g
収率;73%
Example 12 Production of 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-3
5% (w / w) Pd / C (3 g) was added to a pyridine solution (120 ml) of 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (12 g, 72 mmol) at 55 ° C. The mixture was heated and stirred for 16 hours. The filtrate obtained by filtration was concentrated under reduced pressure, 90% (w / w) phenylphosphonic dichloride (20 g, 0.102 mol) was added to the residue, and the mixture was stirred at 160 ° C. for 1.5 hours. After cooling to 50 ° C., t-butyl methyl ether was added and poured into ice water. The pH was adjusted to 7-8 with NaHCO 3 , filtered through Celite, the filtrate was separated, and the organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine. It was dried over Na 2 SO 4, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by distillation under reduced pressure (65 ° C./20 mmHg) to obtain the title compound as a colorless liquid.
Yield: 9.6 g
Yield; 73%

比較例1. 2−ヒドロキシ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジンの製造
3−トリフルオロメチル−5,6−ジヒドロピラジン−2(1H)−オン(0.6g、3.6mmol)及びm‐クロル過安息香酸(70%純度0.89g、3.6mmol)を用い、非特許文献2に記載の方法に従い反応を行ったが、タール化が起こり、目的物を得ることができなかった。
Comparative Example 1 Preparation of 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydropyrazin-2 (1H) -one (0.6 g, 3.6 mmol) and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (70% The reaction was performed according to the method described in Non-Patent Document 2 using a purity of 0.89 g, 3.6 mmol), but tarring occurred and the target product could not be obtained.

参考例1. 3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン−2−カルボン酸メチルの製造
アルゴンガスで置換させた2Lのオートクレーブに66.5g(366ミリモル)の2−クロロ−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン、370mlのメタノール、40.7g(403ミリモル)のトリエチルアミン、1.16g(2.7ミリモル)の1,4−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)ブタン及び0.95g(1.4ミリモル)のジクロロビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)を加えた。反応容器内をアルゴンガスで2回、一酸化炭素ガスで2回置換した後、一酸化炭素ガスを初圧20kg/cmで充填し、120℃で2時間反応させた。反応終了後、室温に戻し触媒を除き濾液を濃縮した。残渣をt−ブチル-メチルエーテルで抽出し、水、飽和食塩水で洗浄、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。無機物を濾過し濃縮した。残渣を減圧蒸留し3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン−2−カルボン酸メチル54.5gを得た。
収率:72%
物性:沸点74−75℃/2.5−2.8mmHg
物性:H−NMR[CDCl/TMSδ値(ppm)]
8.85(1H,d),8.82(1H,d),4.05(3H,s)
物性:19F−NMR[CDCl/TMSδ値(ppm)]
65.7(s)
Reference Example 1 Preparation of methyl 3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-2-carboxylate 66.5 g (366 mmol) 2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyrazine, 370 ml methanol, 40.7 g in a 2 L autoclave substituted with argon gas. (403 mmol) triethylamine, 1.16 g (2.7 mmol) 1,4-bis (diphenylphosphino) butane and 0.95 g (1.4 mmol) dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II). added. The inside of the reaction vessel was replaced twice with argon gas and twice with carbon monoxide gas, and then charged with carbon monoxide gas at an initial pressure of 20 kg / cm 2 and reacted at 120 ° C. for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was returned to room temperature, the catalyst was removed, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was extracted with t-butyl-methyl ether, washed with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The inorganic material was filtered and concentrated. The residue was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 54.5 g of methyl 3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-2-carboxylate.
Yield: 72%
Physical property: Boiling point 74-75 ° C / 2.5-2.8mmHg
Physical properties: 1 H-NMR [CDCl 3 / TMSδ value (ppm)]
8.85 (1H, d), 8.82 (1H, d), 4.05 (3H, s)
Physical properties: 19 F-NMR [CDCl 3 / TMSδ value (ppm)]
65.7 (s)

参考例2. 3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン−2−カルボン酸の製造
3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン−2−カルボン酸メチル700mg(3.4ミリモル)をエタノール−水(1:1(v/v)、10ml)に溶解し、水酸化カリウム300mgを加え1時間加熱還流した。反応終了後、反応液を減圧濃縮し、残渣を水で希釈後、酢酸エチルで洗浄した。水層を塩酸で酸性にし、酢酸エチルで抽出後、酢酸エチル層を飽和食塩水で洗浄した。硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧濃縮し、目的物409mgを結晶として得た。
収率:63%
物性:融点130−134℃
Reference Example 2 Preparation of 3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid 700 mg (3.4 mmol) of methyl 3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-2-carboxylate was dissolved in ethanol-water (1: 1 (v / v), 10 ml). Then, 300 mg of potassium hydroxide was added and heated to reflux for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted with water and washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was acidified with hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate, and the ethyl acetate layer was washed with saturated brine. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 409 mg of the desired product as crystals.
Yield: 63%
Physical properties: melting point 130-134 ° C.

参考例3. N−{3−イソブチル−4−[2,2,2−トリフルオロ−1−(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}−3−トリフルオロメチルピラジン−2−カルボン酸アミドの製造
3−トリフルオロメチル−2−ピラジンカルボン酸192mg(1ミリモル)、3−イソブチル−4−[2,2,2−トリフルオロ−1−(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]アニリン199mg(1ミリモル)、2−クロロ−1−メチルピリジニウムヨージド255mg(1ミリモル)及びトリエチルアミン303mg(3ミリモル)をテトラヒドロフラン10mlに溶解し、2時間加熱還流した。反応終了後、反応液を酢酸エチルで希釈後、水洗した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧濃縮し、得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1(v/v))にて分離精製することにより目的物293mgをペーストとして得た。
収率:62%
物性:nD1.4825(27.7℃)
Reference Example 3. Preparation of N- {3-isobutyl-4- [2,2,2-trifluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethyl] phenyl} -3-trifluoromethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid amide 3-trifluoromethyl 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid 192 mg (1 mmol), 3-isobutyl-4- [2,2,2-trifluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethyl] aniline 199 mg (1 mmol), 2-chloro-1- Methylpyridinium iodide (255 mg, 1 mmol) and triethylamine (303 mg, 3 mmol) were dissolved in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran and heated to reflux for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane: ethyl acetate = 2: 1 (v / v)) to paste 293 mg of the desired product as a paste. Got as.
Yield: 62%
Physical properties: n D 1.4825 (27.7 ° C.)

Claims (10)

一般式(III)
Figure 0005631741
(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類を、ハロゲン類、金属ハロゲン化物、炭酸塩、活性炭及びパラジウムからなる群から選ばれる1以上の添加物、並びにピリジンの存在下、かつ二酸化マンガン及び水酸化カリウムの非存在下に、脱水素化することを特徴とする、一般式(II)
Figure 0005631741
(式中、Rは前記に同じ。)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類の製造方法。
Formula (III)
Figure 0005631741
(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group). The dihydropyrazinone derivatives represented by halo are selected from the group consisting of halogens, metal halides, carbonates, activated carbon and palladium. Dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more additives and pyridine and in the absence of manganese dioxide and potassium hydroxide ,
Figure 0005631741
(Wherein R 1 is the same as defined above).
添加物が、沃素、塩化鉄、塩化マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸バリウム、活性炭及びパラジウムカーボンからなる群から選択される1以上である請求項1に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 1, wherein the additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of iodine, iron chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, activated carbon, and palladium carbon . 一般式(III)
Figure 0005631741
(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類。
Formula (III)
Figure 0005631741
(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group), dihydropyrazinone derivatives represented by:
がハロ(C−C)アルキル基である請求項3に記載のジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類。 The dihydropyrazinone derivatives according to claim 3, wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group. がフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基である請求項3に記載のジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類。 The dihydropyrazinone derivatives according to claim 3, wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group. がトリフルオロメチル基である請求項3に記載のジヒドロピラジノン誘導体類。 The dihydropyrazinone derivatives according to claim 3, wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group. 一般式(II)
Figure 0005631741
(式中、Rはハロ(C−C)アルキル基を示す。)で表されるヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類。
Formula (II)
Figure 0005631741
(Wherein R 1 represents a halo (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl group).
がハロ(C−C)アルキル基である請求項7に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類。 The hydroxypyrazine derivatives according to claim 7, wherein R 1 is a halo (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group. がフルオロ(C−C)アルキル基である請求項7に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類。 The hydroxypyrazine derivatives according to claim 7, wherein R 1 is a fluoro (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl group. がトリフルオロメチル基である請求項7に記載のヒドロキシピラジン誘導体類。 The hydroxypyrazine derivatives according to claim 7, wherein R 1 is a trifluoromethyl group.
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