JP5611001B2 - Plant biomass solidification equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid material forming apparatus for forming a cylindrical solid material from a material pulverized into powder such as sawdust.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, biomass fuels made from organic substances constituting organisms (biomass) such as plants have attracted attention as resources that can replace exhaustible resources such as heavy oil. As one of the biomass fuels, solidified fuel made from wood chips, thinned wood, construction waste, etc. is known. In this connection, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 56-159129 discloses a solid fuel. An apparatus for producing a solid fuel that forms a cylindrical solid fuel from a plant material is disclosed. This conventional solid fuel production apparatus solidifies in a cylindrical shape by sending out material such as sawdust and wood powder supplied into the material supply chamber with a rotating body equipped with feed blades and passing through a former. It is configured to make it.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 56-159129

  By the way, in recent years, as the efforts for environmental problems have progressed, the objects to be used as solid fuel materials have expanded, and cut grass, rice husks and the like having a relatively low bulk specific gravity have begun to be used. However, in the conventional manufacturing apparatus, a material having a small compressive effect between the rotating body and the former and having a small bulk specific gravity (for example, in a range of 0.01 to 0.1) can be solidified. was difficult.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid material molding apparatus that can compress and solidify a material having a small bulk specific gravity and can produce a plant-derived biomass fuel.

In order to achieve the above object, a solid material molding apparatus of the present invention compresses a material charged into a material supply chamber and extrudes the material into a cylindrical sleeve communicating with the material supply chamber to form a cylindrical solid material. In product molding equipment,
A first former having a through hole attached to the material discharge side of the material supply chamber and having a diameter reduced toward the tip;
A shaft portion that is rotatably supported in the material supply chamber in a state where the tip portion is close to the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of the first former, and that discharges the material in the material supply chamber. A first conveying member having a feeding blade for feeding to the side;
A second former having a through hole attached adjacent to the distal end side of the first former and having a diameter reduced toward the distal end;
A second conveying member that is attached to the front end side of the first conveying member so as to pass through the through hole of the second former, and is provided with a feed blade at a position facing the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of the second former. It is characterized by comprising.

  According to the above configuration, the material in the material supply chamber is crushed and compressed between the first former and the first transport member, and sent to the tip side. This material is further compressed between the second conveying member and the second former and sent to the cylindrical sleeve. Therefore, this solid molding apparatus can effectively compress a material having a small bulk specific gravity, and can mold a solid having a high bulk specific gravity.

  In one embodiment of the solid material forming apparatus, the first conveying member is formed such that at least the tip side of the shaft portion has a substantially parabolic contour in the axial cross section.

  According to the above-described embodiment, as the first conveying member sends the material to the front end side through the first former, a higher compressive force is applied than when the contour of the axial section of the shaft portion is linear. be able to. By forming the base end side of the shaft portion of the first conveying member in a profile having a smaller ratio of diameter reduction than the tip portion in the axial cross section, the feed blade sufficiently captures the material in the material supply chamber and the tip Can be sent to the side. Therefore, a high compression effect can be obtained effectively by the first transport member and the first former.

  In the solid material molding apparatus according to an embodiment, the first transport member includes a plurality of spiral feed blades arranged around the same axis.

  According to the above embodiment, for example, a material having a relatively low bulk specific gravity such as cut grass or rice husk can be effectively compressed to increase the bulk specific gravity.

  In the solid material forming apparatus according to an embodiment, the bulk specific gravity of the material charged into the material supply chamber is 0.02 or more and 0.23 or less, and the bulk specific gravity of the solid material discharged from the cylindrical sleeve is 0.85. It is 1.15 or less.

  According to the above-described embodiment, as the first transport member and the second transport member rotate, the material is effectively crushed and compressed by the first transport member and the first former, and the second transport member and the second transport member are further compressed. The material is effectively molded by two formers. Thereby, a material having a bulk specific gravity of 0.02 or more and 0.23 or less is processed into the material supply chamber, and a solid material having a bulk specific gravity of 0.85 or more and 1.15 or less is discharged from the cylindrical sleeve. Can do.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the solid molding apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view showing a cylinder, first and second formers, and a main body casing 2 in an exploded manner. FIG. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view showing a rotating body and a drive shaft taken out and disassembled.

  Hereinafter, a solid molding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the solid material forming apparatus of the embodiment, “front end side” and “front side” refer to the direction in which the material is conveyed through the cylindrical sleeve 50 when viewed from the casing 2, while “base end side” and “rear side” “Side” means a direction toward the pulley 9 along the core rod 6 when viewed from the casing 2.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a solid molding apparatus 1 according to the embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a cylinder, first and second formers, and a main body casing 2 of the solid molding apparatus 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view showing the rotor and the drive shaft taken out and disassembled.

  This solid material forming apparatus 1 is an apparatus for producing a cylindrical solid fuel from a plant material pulverized into a powder, and as its basic configuration, a main body casing 2 provided with a material supply chamber 3, and a material supply chamber 3, a cylinder 40 having a cylindrical sleeve 50 having a through-hole 51 communicating with the main body 3, first and second formers 20 and 30 mounted between the main body casing 2 and the cylinder 40, and material supply of the main body casing 2. And a rotating body 10 rotatably supported in the through hole 51 of the chamber 3 and the cylindrical sleeve 50.

  The main casing 2 has a material supply chamber 3 into which material is supplied from an upper opening on the front side, and supports a drive shaft 5 connected to a rotating body 10 for material conveyance on the rear side. It has a bearing mechanism. The bearing mechanism includes a radial bearing 7 and radial and thrust bearings 8. The drive shaft 5 has a distal end projecting into the material supply chamber 3 and connected to the rotating body 10, and a proximal end projecting rearward from the main body casing 2 and coupled to the pulley 9. The drive shaft 5 is driven to rotate by transmitting power to a pulley 9 via a power transmission belt (not shown) from a power source (not shown) such as an external motor. Along with the rotation of the drive shaft 5, the material conveying rotator 10 is driven to rotate.

  The rotating body 10 is attached to a crushing compression screw 11 as a first conveying member that crushes and compresses the material supplied into the material supply chamber 3 and sends the material to the front side, and a front end side of the crushing compression screw 11. , And a conveying compression screw 12 as a second conveying member that further compresses the material sent by the crushing compression screw 11 and sends it to the front side. The crushing compression screw 11 and the conveying compression screw 12 are roughly constituted by shaft portions 11a and 12a and spiral feed blades 11b and 12b provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of the shaft portions 11a and 12a.

  The crushing compression screw 11 is disposed such that the tip portion faces the inner peripheral surface of the first former 20. The crushing compression screw 11 has a shape that decreases in diameter toward the distal end side. More specifically, in a cross section along the axial direction, the shaft portion 11a of the crushing compression screw 11 has a parabolic contour. It is formed to make.

  The conveyance compression screw 12 has a smaller diameter than the crushing compression screw 11, and includes a tapered portion 12 c that tapers toward the front in the axial direction on the tip side.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the crushing compression screw 11 is held so as to be surrounded by the first former 20 on the distal end side in the material supply chamber 3, while the transport compression screw 12 is disposed on the proximal end side of the cylinder 40. Are held in the through hole 31 of the second former 30 and the through hole 51 of the cylindrical sleeve 50.

  As can be clearly understood from FIG. 3, the transport compression screw 12 is fitted into a fitting hole 11 b formed on the distal end side of the crushing compression screw 11. The conveying compression screw 12 protrudes into the fitting hole 11e formed on the proximal end side of the crushing compression screw 11 so that the base end side communicates with the fitting hole 11b, and extends toward the rear in the axial direction. . Here, the diameter-enlarged portion 12d provided on the conveyance compression screw 12 abuts on a locking portion 11c provided on the crushing compression screw 11, so that the movement of the conveyance compression screw 12 in the axial rearward direction is restricted. The

  A key groove 11d extending in the axial direction is provided in the fitting hole 11b of the crushing compression screw 11, and a key 12e is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the conveying compression screw 12. When the keys 12e are engaged with each other, the relative rotation of the crushing compression screw 11 and the conveying compression screw 12 is restricted.

  Further, with respect to the connection between the material conveying rotator 10 and the drive shaft 5, the drive shaft 5 is fitted into a fitting hole 11 e formed on the base end side of the crushing compression screw 11. A key groove 11f extending along the axial direction is provided in the fitting hole 11e of the crushing compression screw 11, and a key 5b is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft 5. The key groove 11f and the key 5b are connected to each other. By engaging each other, the relative rotation of the crushing compression screw 11 and the drive shaft 5 is restricted.

  Furthermore, the base end side of the transport compression screw 12 is fitted into a fitting hole 5 a formed on the distal end side of the drive shaft 5. In addition, the distal end portion of the core rod 6 inserted through the center of the drive shaft 5 is screwed into the screw hole 12 f formed on the proximal end side of the transport compression screw 12. The core rod 6 is fastened with a nut to the rear side of the pulley 9 at the base end side, and the conveying compression screw 12 is crushed and compressed by the tensile force generated in the core rod 6 by tightening the nut 83. At the same time, the crushing compression screw 11 is pulled toward the drive shaft 5 side. Thereby, the crushing compression screw 11, the conveyance compression screw 12, and the drive shaft 5 are firmly fixed to each other.

  The first former 20 is fitted and attached to the material discharge port 4 of the material supply chamber 3 on the front side of the main casing 2. The flange 24 provided on the first former 20 abuts on the locking portion 4 a provided on the material discharge port 4, so that the movement of the first former 20 in the axially rearward direction is restricted. A key groove 4b extending in the axial direction is provided in the material discharge port 4 of the material supply chamber 3, and a key 23 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first former 20, and the key groove 4b and the key When the 23 engages with each other, the rotation of the first former 20 with respect to the material discharge port 4 is restricted.

  The first former 20 has a through-hole 21, and the inner peripheral surface of the through-hole 21 surrounds the front portion including the tip portion of the crushing compression screw 11. Further, in order to smoothly feed the material between the crushing compression screw 11 and the first former 20, a plurality of round grooves 22 are cut radially along the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 21. Yes.

  Between the crushing compression screw 11 and the first former 20, a processing chamber is formed in which the material is crushed and compressed while being fed by the feed blade 11b. The processing chamber has a donut-shaped cross section in a direction perpendicular to the axis, and is formed so that the cross-sectional area of the processing chamber decreases from the proximal end side toward the distal end side.

  The second former 30 is attached and fixed to the base end side of the cylinder 40 and is fitted into a fitting hole 42 formed on the base end side of the cylinder 40. Here, a key groove 42 a extending along the axial direction is provided in the fitting hole 42, and a key 33 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the second former 30. When the key groove 42a and the key 33 are engaged with each other, the rotation of the second former 30 with respect to the fitting hole 42 is restricted.

  The second former 30 has a through hole 31 that is reduced in diameter toward the distal end side thereof, that is, toward the material discharge side of the cylindrical sleeve 50. Further, in order to smoothly feed the material between the transport compression screw 12 and the second former 30, a plurality of round grooves 32 are cut in the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 31 along the axial direction. The number of round grooves 32 is set to be the same as the number of round grooves 22 in the through hole 21 of the first former 20.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the first and second formers 20 and 30 are held in close contact with each other when the cylinder 40 is fixed to the main casing 2 with the bolts 82 via the flange 43. In this state, the round grooves 22 and 32 cut in the inner peripheral surfaces of the through holes 21 and 31 of the formers 20 and 30 are continuous over the first and second formers 20 and 30.

  In the solid material forming apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 21 of the first former 20 is provided so as to surround the front portion including the front end portion of the crushing compression screw 11. The material can be effectively crushed and compressed between the compression screw 11 and the first former 20. As a result, in addition to a material having a large bulk specific gravity, a material having a small bulk specific gravity can be effectively compressed, and a solid material having a high bulk specific gravity can be formed.

  In addition, since the conveying compression screw 12 and the second former 30 are provided on the front side of the crushing compression screw 11 and the first former 20 in the solid material forming apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, The material compressed between the formers 20 can be further compressed between the conveying compression screw 12 and the second former 30 and then sent into the cylindrical sleeve 50 to ensure that the material is compressed. it can.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the cross-sectional external shape of the crushing compression screw 11 forms a radial shape, a higher compressive force can be applied as the material is sent to and from the first former 20 than when it is linear. it can. Furthermore, since the ratio of diameter reduction is small on the base end side of the crushing compression screw 11, the feed blade 11 b can feed while capturing a sufficient material, and as a result, the processing by the crushing compression screw 11 and the first former 20. Efficiency can be increased.

  Further, the feed blade 11 b of the crushing compression screw 11 is provided with a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) feed blades 11 b spirally around the axis of the crushing compression screw 11. In this embodiment, the crushing compression screw 11 provided with the three feed blades 11b is used, but the crushing compression screw 11 provided with the two to six feeding blades 11b is the material to be used. It may be appropriately selected according to the specific gravity. For example, when a material with a small bulk specific gravity is used, the crushing compression screw 11 with a small pitch of the feed blade 11b is selected, and when a material with a large bulk specific gravity is used, the feed blade 11b A crushing compression screw 11 having a large pitch can be selected.

  The cylinder 40 includes a cylindrical sleeve 50 provided with a through hole 51 communicating with the material supply chamber in the through hole 41. Here, a key 52 extending along the axial direction is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical sleeve 50, and a key groove 41 a is provided in the through hole 41 of the cylinder 40. When the key groove 41 a and the key 52 are engaged with each other, the rotation of the cylindrical sleeve 50 with respect to the cylinder 40 is restricted, and the cylindrical sleeve 50 can slide in the axial direction within the cylinder 40.

  Further, on the outside of the cylinder 40, the solid material formed by the crushing compression screw 11, the conveyance compression screw 12, the first and second formers 20, 30 is heated and dried while passing through the cylindrical sleeve 50. For this purpose, a heater 60 (shown in phantom) is provided.

  Further, a distal end flange 70 is fixed to the distal end side of the cylinder 40 by a plurality of bolts 81 so that the axial position with respect to the cylinder 40 can be adjusted. The front end flange 70 is provided with a hole 71 having a diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical sleeve 50, and this hole 71 serves as a solid material discharge port. The proximal end side of the distal end flange 70 is formed so that the inner peripheral portion protrudes from the outer peripheral portion, and this protruding portion is attached so as to fit into the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder 40. The end face of the projecting portion of the front end flange 70 is in contact with the end face on the front end side of the cylindrical sleeve 50, and the screwing position of the bolt 81 is adjusted to adjust the axial position of the front end flange 70 with respect to the cylinder 40. By adjusting the axial position of the protrusion, the axial position of the cylindrical sleeve 50 with respect to the cylinder 40 is adjusted. As a result, the axial position of the second former 30 in contact with the end face on the proximal end side of the cylindrical sleeve 50 and the first former 20 in contact with the proximal end side of the second former 30 are adjusted. Thereby, the clearance gap between the crushing compression screw 11 and the 1st former 20 which increased by abrasion of the 1st former 20 is adjusted so that it may become a regular space | interval by adjusting the screwing position of the volt | bolt 81. be able to. In the solid material forming apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, since a greater compression effect is achieved than in the conventional solid fuel production apparatus, it is expected that the wear will be greater than in the past, but by adjusting the bolt 81, The gap can be easily adjusted according to wear. Therefore, the frequency of replacement and repair of the first former 20 can be suppressed.

  In addition, when the wear of the crushing compression screw 11, the conveying compression screw 12, and the first and second formers 20 and 30 has progressed to the limit, it is dealt with by overlaying or replacing metal. Furthermore, the position of the first former 20 may be adjusted in the axial direction by providing a plurality of plate members to be engaged with the flange 24 on the front end side of the first former 20 and adjusting the number of the plate members. As a result, the interval between the crushing compression screw 11 and the first former 20 can be adjusted.

  Furthermore, in the solid material forming apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the rotating body 10 including the crushing compression screw 11 and the conveying compression screw 12 can be attached to and detached from the drive shaft 5 by removing the nut 83 from the core rod 6. It has become. That is, the crushing compression screw 11 and the conveying compression screw 12 can be attached and detached only by attaching or removing the nut 83 from the state in which the cylinder 4 is detached from the main body casing 2. Can be easily implemented. Depending on the materials used and the types of the crushing compression screw 11 and the conveying compression screw 12, the wear speed of the feed blades 11b and 12a is large, and the exchange frequency of the crushing compression screw 11 and the conveying compression screw 12 may increase. However, even in this case, the crushing compression screw 11 and the conveyance compression screw 12 can be easily attached and detached, and the labor for exchanging the crushing compression screw 11 and the conveyance compression screw 12 can be reduced.

  According to the solid material forming apparatus 1 configured as described above, for example, in the conventional apparatus, the material to be used is a material having a relatively large bulk specific gravity (for example, a material in the range of 0.1 to 0.2). However, it can be used in a wide range from small specific gravity such as rice husks and mowing grass to large specific gravity such as sawdust and wood chips. For example, a material with a small specific gravity such as rice husk or hay has a bulk specific gravity of 0.02 to 0.1. On the other hand, materials with large specific gravity such as sawdust and wood chips have a bulk specific gravity of 0.1 to 0.23. By processing these materials, a solid material having a bulk specific gravity of 0.85 or more and 1.15 or less can be obtained. More specifically, as solid fuel materials, in addition to wood chips, mowing grass, rice husks, straw, bacas (sugar cane pomace), coconut bunches, soybean hulls, soybean hulls, oat hulls, cotton hulls Various plant biomass such as sunflower seed husk, jatroba husk, and roasted coffee crumb (chaff) can be used. In addition to the plant biomass, used paper, waste plastic, or the like may be used as the material. Moreover, in the solid molding apparatus 1, regardless of whether it is plant biomass or not, the moisture content is in a range necessary for compressing and solidifying the material (specifically, 7 to 20% by mass, preferably 15% by mass). Some material is used.

  Further, according to the solid material forming apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, particularly when the material is a plant material, the broken tissue of cellulose and hemicellulose constituting the material is re-adhered with the lignin constituting the material, and the material Solidification can be performed effectively. That is, when passing through the cylindrical sleeve 50, the solid matter is heated by the heater 60 provided on the outer periphery of the cylinder 40, but the material before heating between the crushing compression screw 11 and the first former 20 is scraped. By crushing and compressing, the action of heating by the heater 60 is enhanced, and effective lignin extraction is expected. More specifically, by heating the heater 60, the broken lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose can be dissolved, and the melted lignin can be permeated again into the fiber of the molded product formed in the cylindrical sleeve 50. When the lignin is re-penetrated into the fiber and is discharged through the cylindrical sleeve 50 and then cooled by forced cooling or natural cooling, the lignin is hardened to become a solid solid.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solid molding apparatus 2 Main body casing 3 Material supply chamber 4 Material discharge port 5 Drive shaft 6 Core rod 10 Rotor for material conveyance 11 Crushing compression screw 11a, 12a Shaft part 11b, 12b Feeding blade 12 Conveying compression screw 20 1st 1 former 21, 31 through hole 22, 32 round groove 30 second former 40 cylinder 50 cylindrical sleeve 60 heater 70 tip flange

Claims (5)

In a plant biomass solidification device that compresses plant biomass as a material charged into a material supply chamber and extrudes it into a cylindrical sleeve communicating with the material supply chamber to form a cylindrical solid material.
A first former having a through hole attached to the material discharge side of the material supply chamber and having a diameter reduced toward the tip;
A shaft portion that is rotatably supported in the material supply chamber in a state where the tip portion is close to the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of the first former, and that discharges the material in the material supply chamber. A first conveying member having a feeding blade for feeding to the side;
A second former having a through hole attached adjacent to the distal end side of the first former and having a diameter reduced toward the distal end;
A second conveying member that is attached to the front end side of the first conveying member so as to pass through the through hole of the second former, and is provided with a feed blade at a position facing the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of the second former. When,
A heater for heating the solid material formed by the first and second transport members and the first and second formers while passing through the cylindrical sleeve ;
The first conveying member is formed such that at least the distal end side of the shaft portion has a substantially parabolic contour in the axial cross section, so that the feed blade sufficiently captures the material in the material supply chamber. And is formed so as to compress the material with the first conveying member and the first former,
The second conveying member further compresses the material compressed between the first conveying member and the first former between the second conveying member and the second former and then puts the material in the cylindrical sleeve. A plant biomass solidification device , wherein the plant biomass solidification device is configured to be sent . In the solidification apparatus of the plant biomass of Claim 1,
A main body casing in which the material supply chamber is formed, and a cylinder that houses the cylindrical sleeve,
A first former is mounted on the material discharge side of the main body casing, and a second former is mounted on the base end side of the cylinder;
On the tip side of the cylinder, there is a tip flange fixed with bolts so that the axial position relative to the cylinder can be adjusted, and the inner peripheral portion of the tip flange projects beyond the outer peripheral portion and fits into the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder An end surface of the projecting portion of the tip flange is in contact with the end surface on the distal end side of the cylindrical sleeve, and the axial position of the tip flange with respect to the cylinder is adjusted by adjusting the screwing position of the bolt. As a result, the axial position of the cylindrical sleeve relative to the cylinder can be adjusted. As a result, the second former abutting on the end surface of the cylindrical sleeve on the base end side and the second former contacting the base end side of the second former An apparatus for solidifying plant biomass, characterized in that an axial position of one former is adjusted. In the solidification apparatus of the plant biomass of Claim 1 or 2,
The plant biomass solidification apparatus , wherein the first conveying member is provided with a plurality of spiral feed blades around the same axis. In the solidification apparatus of the plant biomass as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
The bulk specific gravity of the material put into the material supply chamber is 0.02 or more and 0.23 or less, and the bulk specific gravity of the solid matter discharged from the cylindrical sleeve is 0.85 or more and 1.15 or less. Plant biomass solidification equipment . In the solidification apparatus of the plant biomass as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4,
The plant biomass as the above material is wood chips, mowing grass, rice husk, straw, bacus, coconut bun, soybean husk, soybean pomace, buckwheat husk, cotton husk, sunflower seed husk, jatroba husk, coffee An apparatus for solidifying plant biomass, characterized in that it is at least one of the roasting residue.

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