JP5600590B2 - Power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp in which a coil electrode fluorescent lamp in which a coil electrode as an external electrode is wound is connected in parallel to both ends of a glass tube having an inner surface coated with a fluorescent film. More specifically, the present invention provides a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp including a coil electrode fluorescent lamp that can greatly reduce power consumption and achieve a long life.

[Outline of conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tubes]
In recent years, global warming has progressed, and carbon dioxide emission has become a problem worldwide. One of the reasons for releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide is carbon dioxide emitted by power plants that use fossil fuels. Light source illuminating the darkness of night daytime brightness (unit area per unit average 10 ²² photon number in time), use the power generated by the power plant in a large amount (about a quarter). From the viewpoint of environmental protection, a significant reduction in the operating power of the lamp used for the illumination light source has become an urgent issue and has become a hot topic in newspapers and TV news. As an illumination light source, a light bulb that uses a tungsten wire heated to a high temperature and uses visible light accompanying thermal radiation is widely used even today because the unit price is low and a wide range of luminance can be obtained. The energy conversion efficiency of tungsten bulbs is 0.8%. A fluorescent discharge lamp tube is attracting attention as a light source that replaces a light bulb because of its low energy conversion efficiency. Since it is said that the energy conversion efficiency of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is nominally 20%, conversion to a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is underway as an indoor and outdoor illumination light source. Although there are various types of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that are currently attracting attention are power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that are made using glass tubes with a diameter of 20 mm or less. Since the amount of light emitted from one fluorescent discharge lamp tube is proportional to the area of the fluorescent film, it is considered that the use of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a large fluorescent film area and a large tube diameter is a power saving type, but is commercially available. The energy-saving fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are made using glass tubes with a diameter of 20 mm or less. However, the reason for its scientific explanation cannot be found in published scientific papers or discharge handbooks.

In a power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the phosphor powder that emits light with ultraviolet rays has a small number of Clarke indicating the presence of resources (abundance ratio is 0.003% or less) and low concentration (5% by weight or less) in the scattered sand particles. The very rare earth elements obtained by concentrating and refining the rare earth elements present in (1) by chemical methods are used as raw materials. Since one type of phosphor powder cannot produce white, phosphor films that individually produce phosphor powders that emit light in three colors, mechanically mix the phosphor powders, and apply phosphor powders that emit white light are applied. Is used. The fluorescent film used in the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube (diameter 30 mm) emits white light alone, and the resource-rich calcium halophosphate [3Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ CaFCl: Sb ³⁺ : Mn ^{2 +} ] Although it is a phosphor, this phosphor film does not use a calcium halophosphate phosphor in a power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp tube in accordance with the rule of thumb that a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a diameter of 20 mm or less does not emit light. Fluorescent films using rare earths are selected because they are fluorescent discharge lamp tubes with a diameter of 20 mm or less, and emit light brighter than the brightness of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes with a diameter of 30 mm. But no one has given that scientific basis.

  In particular, a fluorescent discharge lamp tube in which a linear fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a diameter of 10 mm is bent many times or spirally bent and stored in a bulb-type glass bulb is called a power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp and is commercially available. However, the official power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is the power consumption of the lighting lamp alone, and does not include the power consumption of the power supply circuit necessary for lighting. In the lighting of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a built-in metal electrode, including the power consumption (voltage x current x power factor = watts) measured at the outlet of the power supply unit, the actual power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp is the display power. From about 1.1 to 1.5 times. The actual power consumption of the nominal 12 watt power-saving fluorescent discharge lamp is 13 to 18 watts. It is not known why the actual power consumption varies from manufacturer to manufacturer even though the nominal wattage is the same. In order to make the reduction of power consumption a problem, this actual power consumption should be a problem.

[Electrode voltage drop: Hot cathode tube (1st generation) and cold cathode tube (2nd generation)]
Fluorescent discharge lamp tubes currently on the market are metal electrodes (cathode and anode) that are placed in glass tubes and play the role of electron emission and electron collection, argon (Ar) gas and mercury (Hg) drops as discharge gas, And it has a simple structure including a fluorescent film coated on the inner wall surface of the tube with an appropriate thickness. It is inelastic collision of gas atoms by electrons moving in the gas space with kinetic energy that causes the gas to be discharged by the fluorescent discharge lamp tube based on this structure. In the electron path moving through the gas space, there is necessarily a cathode voltage drop that appears just before the cathode and an anode voltage drop that appears just before the anode. When both are added together, the power that does not contribute to light emission in the discharge path is about half that of the gas discharge. If the voltage drop could be eliminated from the discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the power required for the gas discharge was thought to be halved. This calculation does not take into account the power consumption of the power supply device involved in lighting.

  As described above, light emission from the fluorescent discharge lamp tube does not occur unless electrons are supplied to the gas space. A hot cathode fluorescent discharge lamp (HCFL) (first generation electron source) that uses thermionic emission as discovered by Edison (1884) as a means of supplying electrons to a gas space in vacuum or low pressure , Flower Nordheim developed a bell-shaped metal electrode (second generation electron source) from the discovery of electron emission by the tunnel effect between metal and vacuum (1928), and cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) using metal electrode ) Exists in the market. As for proper use, CCFL is used for fluorescent discharge lamp tubes with a tube diameter of 10 mm or less, and HCFL is used for fluorescent discharge lamp tubes of 10 mm or more.

  Since the gas discharge in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is generated by applying an alternating electric field to the electrode, the HCFL and CCFL are not used in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube when the above electrodes are installed at both ends of the discharge tube of the tube. There is no distinction between the cathode and the anode, and the same phenomenon occurs at the electrodes at both ends of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. When considering gas discharge limited to a half cycle of alternating current, a distinction occurs between the cathode and the anode. In many cases, the discharge phenomenon of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is a phenomenon that appears in a half cycle of alternating current. A typical example of the discharge in a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is that electrons emitted from the cathode move in one direction by the electric field (one direction) between the cathode and the anode and collide with gas atoms to generate a gas discharge. thinking. The probability that an electron traveling in one direction encounters a gas atom can be calculated by determining the number of gas atoms present in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. The number of moles of gas atoms in the tube, the Avogadro number, the volume of the discharge tube and the volume of electrons moving in one direction can be calculated, and the probability that electrons traveling in one direction collide with gas atoms can be calculated. No calculations were made. When the probability is calculated, the probability that an electron encounters a gas atom is one for a 1000 m movement. Since the length of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is shorter than 1 m, the electrons accelerated by the unidirectional electric field between the cathode and the anode in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube cannot collide with the gas atoms, and therefore the gas atoms do not emit light. Thus, an error that did not clarify the basics important in examining the discharge mechanism of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube was made. The movement of electrons should not be examined during one period of alternating current, but how the electrons move in the electric field of the alternating electric field.

[Discovery of third generation electron source by the present inventors: complete elimination of electrode voltage drop and sputtering]
In the case of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a metal electrode, the voltage drop that appears just before the cathode and the anode exists regardless of the frequency of the alternating current applied to the electrode and is detected. The voltage drop has been an important solution when considering power saving, but it has remained unsolvable even today, more than 100 years after the voltage drop was detected. The voltage drop in the discharge path is caused by the fact that the surface of the metal electrode faces the discharge space without being electrically insulated by electron emission and electron collection, in other words, the presence of holes that inevitably appear on the surface of the metal electrode. This fact is described in detail in PCT / JP2007 / 70431 (patent document 1) and PCT / JP2007 / 74829 (patent document 2) filed by the present inventors. If the electron emission source and the collection source do not use a metal electrode that is exposed without being electrically insulated in the discharge space, the voltage drop that appears just before the cathode and the anode disappears from the discharge path. In the PCT application, the present inventor discovered a “third generation electron source” that emits electrons into the gas space, and succeeded in eliminating the voltage drop phenomenon for the first time.

  Third generation electron sources can be made in two ways, and the effects are the same. The first method is a phosphor particle layer insulated internal electrode in which phosphor particles are applied to a metal internal electrode in an appropriate thickness. The second method is a fluorescent discharge lamp tube made without using a metal internal electrode, which is realized by attaching an external electrode to the outer wall of the glass tube where the fluorescent film is located. This is called an electrode. Of course, a phosphor particle layer is formed on the inner surface of the glass tube facing the external electrode. In both the electrodes, the surface of the metal electrode is electrically insulated from the discharge space. In the present invention, the electrodes are collectively referred to as a discharge space insulation type electrode. The reason why a third generation electron source can be produced is as follows. A potential from a DC power source is applied to the discharge space insulation type electrode pair. The phosphor particles under the influence of the electric field from the electrodes are dielectrically polarized. The potential due to the charge in the dielectrically polarized particles is higher than the electrode potential. When an AC electric field is applied to the surface at the high potential of the tip portion of the dielectrically polarized particle, the gas at the tip portion of the particle is ionized. Free electrons and free cations produced by ionization of the discharge gas are individually collected on the surface of the dielectrically polarized particles. That is, if the electrode is positive, the phosphor particle layer is negatively positively dielectrically polarized, and the free electrons are accumulated on the surface of the positively charged high potential. If the electrode is negative, the phosphor particle layer is dielectrically polarized positively and negatively, and the free cations are accumulated on the surface of the negatively charged high potential. The electrons and cations collected in the gas spaces at the individual locations are used as the third generation electron source and the electron collection source (cation source), respectively.

  As one technique for ionizing the gas at the tip of the particle, it has been found that an easily ionized gas may be mixed with the Ar gas, which is a discharge gas. It seems that the ionization voltage of the selected gas has nothing to do with the choice of gas that facilitates ionization. Neon gas (Ne) is empirically known as an easily ionized gas. I confirmed this fact. The basis of the discharge gas is Ar gas, and when a mixed gas of Ar gas and Ne gas is used, the frequency of the AC power source necessary for gas discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube using the discharge space insulation type electrode is made lower than the commercial frequency. Can be lowered. Good results can be obtained if the mixing ratio of the Ne gas is measured by gas pressure and is in the range of 0.1 to 2 with respect to the Ar gas 1. A more preferred mixing ratio is in the range of 0.5 to 1.3, and a most preferred range is in the range of 0.8 to 1.1.

  When a DC potential is applied to the external electrode, electrons accumulated on the surface of the dielectric-polarized phosphor particles do not move. That is, electrons cannot be extracted from the third generation electron source. Therefore, the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube does not discharge when connected to a DC power source. The external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp discharges only when an AC potential is applied to the external electrode. The reason is described below. When the polarity of the potential applied to the external electrode changes, the polarity of the dielectric polarization of the phosphor particles is reversed. When a slight potential difference is present in the gas space, electrons having a small mass are attracted to the potential difference and easily move in the gas space. On the other hand, since the movement distance of a cation whose mass is 1000 times larger than that of an electron is smaller than the movement distance of an electron, it diffuses into the gas space and remains as a cation group. Electrons that have moved into the gas space due to the positive potential of the cation group in the gas space are attracted and moved in the gas space toward the cation group. Electrons that reach the cation group recombine with the cation and return to the gas atom. The movement distance of the cation group changes in inverse proportion to the frequency of the potential applied to the electrode. The application of the high frequency potential shortens the moving distance, and the moving electron distance becomes longer as the frequency increases. Practically, when an AC potential having a frequency (30 Hz) or higher at which the afterimage effect of the eye does not affect the recognition of light emission due to discharge is applied to the electrode of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the fluorescent light is emitted over the entire length of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube. The present inventors have empirically found that flicker-free light emission can be obtained from the film. The external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is generated by gas discharge due to the behavior of electrons moved to the gas space when an AC electric field is applied.

Conventionally, since the movement of electrons within a half cycle of alternating current was considered, only the movement of electrons taken out from the electron source between the electron source and the electron collection source (positive ion source) was considered. I was only thinking about electron movement in one direction. The fact is that the electrons taken out from the electron source enter the AC electric field formed between the electrodes, resonate with the AC electric field and move along the discharge path, and inelastic collision with gas atoms (excitation and ionization of gas atoms) To do. Focusing only on electrons that travel along the discharge path and collide with gas atoms, moving electrons are scattered by collision, so electrons were considered elastic collisions with gas atoms, but the idea that electrons collide elastically with gas atoms is It is an error. The gas atoms that have undergone the electron collision either emit electrons into the gas space with heat emission (ionization) or raise the outermost electrons to the excitation order, resulting in a change in the state of the gas atoms that have undergone the collision. Electron collisions belong to inelastic collisions. Only excited gas atoms emit light. Conventional researchers and engineers interpret the detected light as gas discharge, so it was not possible to elucidate the distinction between light emission and ionization due to inelastic collision of gas atoms by mobile electrons. Electrons that collided inelastically changed the direction of movement randomly in the alternating electric field (scattering) for an instant, but remained in the alternating electric field without disappearing, resonating with the next wave of the alternating electric field, and accelerated. After that, it collides with other gas atoms again inelastically. For example, consider the case where the external electrode CCFL with a small inguinal diameter is operated at a frequency of 20 kHz. In the positive column, the repetition of inelastic collision by the same electron is 5 x 10 ⁵ times per unit length. Occurs and one electron collides with 5 x 10 ⁵ gas atoms inelastically. The electrons that have reached the electron collection source (cation source) recombine with the cations and return to the gas atoms. In the fluorescent discharge lamp tube having the electrode structure described above, there is no metal electrode in the discharge path, and therefore there is no voltage drop appearing immediately before the cathode and the anode in the discharge path. As a result, it is considered that the power due to the voltage drop that was wasted in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is eliminated, and the discharge power of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is halved.

  Resource saving is also an important factor when lighting fluorescent discharge lamp tubes. The problem of resource saving relates to the time (life) that can be lit. When the third generation electron supply source is used, the sputtering of the metal electrode and the adsorption of the residual gas on the surface of the fluorescent film, which have determined the life of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, are eliminated. As a result, it is possible to obtain an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube whose lighting life is semi-permanent (initial luminance is maintained for 2,000,000 hours or more). The lifetime of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a conventional metal electrode is about 2000 hours.

First, the factors that determine the lighting life of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a conventional metal internal electrode will be clarified. When the metal electrode surface emits electrons, surface-bound electrons (electron clouds) are indispensably formed on the metal electrode surface. The electron cloud fixed on the surface of the metal electrode is irrelevant to the presence of the high frequency applied to the fluorescent discharge lamp tube and has a high negative charge (10 ⁵ V / cm). Ar ⁺ and Hg ⁺ with large mass and the residual gas positively ionized do not move greatly in the high frequency electric field (10 ³ V / cm), but these positive ions are constantly present regardless of the applied frequency. It is attracted by the electrostatic attractive force due to the strong negative charge of the electron cloud and accelerated at high speed. The accelerated cations collide with a minute area of the metal surface, and the local area of the metal electrode is heated instantaneously to a high temperature at which the metal evaporates. As a result, evaporation (sputtering) of the metal electrode occurs. Since the evaporated metal atoms adhere on the fluorescent film, the fluorescent film around the electrode becomes black with time. The evaporation of the metal electrode due to cation collisions determined the lifetime of the HCFL and CCFL fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and the lifetime of defective lighting was around 2000 hours.

  Using a third-generation electron source, even if cations are present, the electron cloud that attracts cations does not exist in the cage, and the evaporation of the metal electrode completely disappears, so the lifetime is over 2,000,000 hours. Become.

Patent Document 1: PCT / JP2007 / 70431 (prior application of the present inventor)
Patent Document 2: PCT / JP2007 / 74829 (prior application of the present inventor)
Patent Document 3: USP 1,612,387 Patent Document 4: Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-126559 Patent Document 5: JP-A-4-284348 Patent Document 6: JP 2007-95531 A Patent Document 7: Special Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-8408 Patent Document 8: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-229092 Patent Document 9: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-3210 Non-Patent Document 1: Journal Physics D Applied Physics, 32, (1999), pp 513-517

  Although the fluorescent discharge lamp has been developed as described above, in particular, as a third generation electron source, a fluorescent glass tube having an external electrode attached to the outer wall of a fluorescent glass tube having a fluorescent film formed on the inner surface without using a metal internal electrode. Realize a discharge lamp. In the production of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the formation of the external electrode affects the power consumption and life. From this point of view, the conventional techniques (Patent Documents 3 to 7) related to the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp will be examined, and individual problems of the conventional techniques will be described. The external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp is also referred to as an electrodeless fluorescent discharge lamp because no internal electrode is used.

  The formation of the external electrode includes a conductive film formation and a cap structure. The prior art by conductor film formation is disclosed by patent documents 3-6, for example. Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-126559 (Patent Document 4) discloses an electrodeless fluorescent lamp in which metal conductors are formed on both ends of a fluorescent lamp tube. Similarly, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-284348 (Patent Document 5) discloses an electrodeless fluorescent lamp using a metal coating electrode as an external electrode. In the case of Patent Document 4, no specific description about the metal conductor is found, but in the case of Patent Document 5, an external electrode using a silver paste film is described. Furthermore, JP 2007-95531 A (Patent Document 6) discloses an electrodeless fluorescent lamp in which external electrodes having a two-layer structure are formed on both ends of a fluorescent glass container. This describes a laminated electrode of a silver paste film and a lead-free solder film.

  The prior art based on the cap structure is disclosed in Patent Document 7, for example. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-8408 (Patent Document 7) discloses an electrodeless fluorescent lamp in which end cap-type external electrodes are fitted to both ends of a fluorescent glass tube. This describes the use of aluminum, silver and copper as the cap electrode material.

  The external electrodes using the metal conductor film or the metal cap disclosed in the above Patent Documents 3 to 7 cause the following problems. That is, since a micro discharge phenomenon due to energization occurs between the electrode conductor and the outer peripheral surface of the glass, high heat is generated by arc discharge. Particularly in an external electrode using a metal cap, high heat is locally generated by arc discharge between metal particles in the cap. A glass tube that is locally heated to a high temperature above the softening point of the glass is pressurized by atmospheric pressure to form a pinhole that penetrates the glass tube wall. When the vacuum of the glass tube is broken due to the formation of pinholes, air enters the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, making it impossible to discharge gas, resulting in a problem that the life of the fluorescent discharge lamp is shortened.

  The metal conductor films or metal caps disclosed in the above Patent Documents 3 to 7 are contacted or attached to the glass surface in a planar shape, but a conductive wire is wound in a coil shape and contacted or attached to the glass surface in a linear shape. There are discharge lamps that use external electrodes (coil electrodes). For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-229092 (Patent Document 8) and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-3210 (Patent Document 9) disclose a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp in which a tungsten wire or the like is wound around both ends of a glass tube. Compared with surface contact in metal conductor films, etc., it is thought that the discharge phenomenon is mitigated by wire contact with the glass surface when using a coil electrode. However, arc discharge occurred toward the glass surface between the coil wires, and the same vacuum break as that of the conductor film or the like occurred.

  As described above, the formation of an external electrode such as a metal conductor film incurs a film formation cost, so the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp is advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost. It was necessary to overcome the problem that the discharge phenomenon in the electrode affects the life and power saving.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp which does not cause a discharge phenomenon with a glass surface and can achieve power saving and long life.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a first embodiment of the present invention is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp comprising a plurality of coiled electrode fluorescent lamps connected in parallel, Each of the coiled electrode fluorescent lamps has a fluorescent film formed from a mixed powder of PL (Photoluminescence) phosphor powder and CL (Cathodoluminescence) phosphor powder on the inner surface of a glass tube sealed at both ends, and the glass tube A coil in which discharge gas is filled, coil electrodes are wound around the outer periphery of both ends of the glass tube, and a high-frequency voltage is applied to the coil electrode by a high-frequency power source to cause the discharge gas to emit light and turn it on In the electrode fluorescent lamp, the fluorescent film is also formed on the inner surface of the glass tube at a position facing the coil electrode, and on the surface of the fluorescent film, PL (Photoluminescence) phosphor particles, and the PL phosphor particles and particles Diameter Similar CL (Cathodoluminescence) phosphor particles are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in the tube axis direction, and the coil electrode is formed by winding an insulation-coated wire in which the periphery of the wire is covered with an insulation layer. This is a high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, in the first embodiment, the coil electrode fluorescent lamp is regenerated and used as the coil electrode fluorescent lamp, and the coil electrode is provided in the fluorescent lamp with the internal electrode. This is a luminance integrated fluorescent lamp.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the PL phosphor powder is a calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder , and the CL phosphor powder is a CL phosphor powder that emits a low electron beam. It is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the PL phosphor powder is a rare earth PL phosphor powder , and the CL phosphor powder is a CL phosphor powder that emits low electron beams. This is a high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the coil electrode fluorescent lamp is configured such that the number of turns of the coil electrode is n and the primary power of the high-frequency power source is W _1n (W). In this case, it is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp in which W _1n = a _n + b _n × n (a _n , b _n : constant) is established as an approximate expression.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the coil electrode fluorescent lamp is configured such that the number of turns of the coil electrode is n and the secondary power of the high-frequency power source is W _2n (W). In this case, it is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp in which W _2n = c _n + d _n × n (c _n , d _n : constant) is established as an approximate expression.

In a seventh embodiment of the present invention, when the number of turns of the coil electrode is n and the primary power of the AC power supply is W _1n (W) in the sixth embodiment, W _1n = a _n + b _n × n ( a _{n, b n:} constant) is established as an approximate expression, the constants b _n and _{d n} are power-saving high intensity integrated fluorescent lamp is _b n> _{d n.}

Eighth embodiment of the present invention, in any one of the fifth to seventh embodiments, the number of turns n is in the range of 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) to 0.26 (mm) ≦ d of the wire When variable in a range of ≦ 1.6 (mm), the primary power W _1n is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp having a maximum deviation of 5 (W) from the value of the approximate expression.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, in the range where the number of turns n is 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) of the electric wire is 0.26 (mm) ≦ d. When variable to a range of ≦ 1.6 (mm), the primary power W _1n is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp having a deviation width of a maximum of 0.6 (W) from the value of the approximate expression. .

A tenth aspect of the present invention is the power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein N (natural number of 2 or more) coil electrode fluorescent lamps are connected in parallel. When the secondary side voltage of the high frequency power source is applied and the primary side power of the high frequency power source is W _1N (W), W _1N = a _N + b _N × N (a _N , b _N : constant) It is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp that is established as an approximate expression.

In an eleventh aspect of the present invention, when the secondary side voltage of the high frequency power source is applied and the secondary side power of the high frequency power source is W _2N (W) in the tenth aspect, W _2N = c _N This is a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp in which + d _N × N (c _N , d _N : constant) is established as an approximate expression.

A twelfth aspect of the present invention is the power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the constants b _N and d _N are b _N > d _N.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp, since the fluorescent film is also formed on the inner surface of the glass tube at the position where the coil electrode is opposed, the fluorescent discharge is performed over the entire length of the glass tube. It can be used as a region, can be illuminated with high illuminance, and can contribute to power saving by efficient illumination. In addition, since the coil electrode is formed by winding an insulating coated electric wire in which the periphery of the electric wire is covered with an insulating layer, the electric wire for an electrode is wound around the glass tube via the insulating layer, and the electric wire And no discharge phenomenon occurs between the glass tube and the surface of the glass tube. In addition, when the wound insulation coated electric wire is covered with a heat-shrinkable resin (hereinafter referred to as a coated insulating layer) and then heated to shrink the heat-shrinkable resin, It adheres to the outer wall of the glass tube by pressure bonding. Accordingly, since no discharge phenomenon occurs, pinholes are not formed, air does not enter the sealed gas, the life of the fluorescent discharge lamp is not shortened, and the life can be extended. Furthermore, power saving can be realized by efficient power consumption.

  The insulating layer in the present invention can be formed using a coating material such as polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyvinyl butyral. More specifically, a vinyl-coated wire or an enameled wire can be used as the insulation-coated wire. When a commercial power source is used, for example, when the diameter of the electric wire is 0.2 mm to 3 mm, the thickness of the insulating layer may be 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm. If the coil electrode is formed in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the glass tube to hold the glass tube, the holding portion of the glass tube can be dispensed with.

In this embodiment, since the electrodes at both ends of the fluorescent discharge lamp are constituted by discharge space insulating electrodes electrically insulated from the internal discharge space using the coil electrode, the metal electrode enters the discharge space. Electron injection was completely eliminated, and the electrode voltage drop caused by the electron injection was eliminated, succeeding in exhausting unnecessary power consumption accompanying the electrode voltage drop. In addition, since there is no electron injection, there is no sputtering phenomenon caused by collision of cations with metal electrodes, and electrode wear is exhausted and the life of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is extended.
Electrons that drive the discharge light emission are generated by ionization of the discharge gas by applying a high-frequency voltage, and the generated electrons and cations are accumulated by electric force in the vicinity of the discharge space insulation type electrode, and a third generation electron source ( Simply referred to as an electron source) and a cation source. The present inventor refers to this electron source as a third generation electron source, collides with a discharge gas in the process of electrons moving from the third generation electron source to the cation source, and emits light. Return to the electrically neutral discharge gas. In addition, the cycle of ionizing again by the alternating voltage, emitting light, and neutral gasification is repeated.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the power-saving and high-brightness integration includes the coil electrode fluorescent lamp in which the PL phosphor particles and the CL phosphor particles are alternately distributed in the tube axis direction on the surface of the phosphor film. Type fluorescent lamps can be provided. Since the PL phosphor particles and the CL phosphor particles are alternately distributed in the glass tube axis direction, a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube capable of rapid lighting and light emission in the entire region in the glass tube can be realized. A light emitting phosphor (PL phosphor) exists as a phosphor particle having a negative charge. Many of the luminescent centers (impurities) present inside the particles of the photoluminescent phosphor are made of transition elements, and electrons are trapped in the transition elements that are the luminescent centers, and the internal persistence is caused by these trapped electrons. Polarization (PIP) is formed, and internally persistently polarized electrons appear on the surface of the fluorescent film to constitute the negative charge. On the other hand, since no PIP is formed in a cathode ray emission (CL) light emitting phosphor that emits light at a low voltage, there is no negative charge on the surface of the CL phosphor particles. When electrons taken out from the electron source are introduced onto the surface of the CL phosphor film, the electrons are accelerated by surface conduction. The orbits of the accelerated electrons are bent into a gas space by PL phosphor particles having a negative charge on the fluorescent film, and a fluorescent discharge lamp tube that instantaneously turns on and discharges the gas of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be realized. Therefore, if the photoluminescent phosphor is disposed at a position where the accelerated electrons are to be bent, the negative charge of the photoluminescent phosphor at that position performs a bending action on the accelerated electrons. Depending on the selection of the phosphor, the magnitude of the negative charge can be variably adjusted, thereby accelerating the collision between the surface conduction electrons on the phosphor film and the discharge gas and realizing rapid lighting in the discharge space. Thus, it is possible to eliminate the delayed lighting that has been conventionally present.

  The phosphor particles having no negative charge include an electron beam emitting phosphor (CL phosphor). In particular, the low-voltage electron-emitting phosphor has a low surface contamination, has a property of not being negatively charged, and has a property of not being charged up. The phosphor film having no negative charge (CL phosphor) and the negatively charged phosphor particles (PL phosphor) are alternately arranged on the surface of the phosphor film, and the acceleration is performed at a plurality of locations on the phosphor film surface. By the fluorescent particles having the negative charge of electrons, there is provided a high-efficiency fluorescent discharge lamp tube that rapidly turns on electrons to the gas space side and emits light entirely. In this embodiment, since the Coulomb repulsive force is not generated in the phosphor region having no negative charge, the electrons conducting on the surface of the phosphor film are accelerated. On the other hand, in the phosphor region having a negative charge, the accelerated electrons are bent into the discharge space by the Coulomb repulsion, forcibly discharging the discharge gas, and the discharge lamp tube is lit rapidly. In addition, in this embodiment, since a large number of negative charge regions are scattered in the surface conduction direction of electrons, discharge occurs in a large number of regions of the discharge lamp tube, and the entire discharge lamp tube can emit light brightly. In other words, when a large number of the negatively charged phosphor particles are scattered along the traveling direction of the accelerated electrons on the fluorescent film, the accelerated electrons are generated at a number of negative charge positions due to the Coulomb repulsive force between the accelerated electrons and the negative charges. A discharge lamp tube that is forced to bend into the discharge space and discharge in all areas of the discharge space occurs due to all-space collisions between the accelerated electrons and the discharge gas. realizable.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluorescent discharge lamp in which the fluorescent discharge lamp tube with an internal electrode that has reached the end of its life is used as the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and the external electrode is provided on the fluorescent discharge lamp tube with the internal electrode. A power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp can be provided. Conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tubes with internal electrodes whose lifetime has been exhausted are mostly those in which the internal electrodes are worn by sputtering, in which case the discharge gas does not leak and is healthy. The external electrode system of the present invention can be driven as a fluorescent tube if a discharge gas exists in the discharge space. Therefore, the present inventors have discovered for the first time that if an external electrode is provided on the outer periphery of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with an internal electrode that has reached the end of its life, it can be regenerated as a fluorescent tube. The number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes to be discarded in Japan and the world is almost innumerable. If these fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are used in the present invention, an integrated type that is extremely inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and wastes resources. A fluorescent discharge lamp can be provided.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp in which the fluorescent film includes a coil electrode fluorescent lamp formed of a mixed powder of PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder. If PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder are mixed and this mixed powder is applied to the inner surface of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube to form a phosphor film, PL phosphor particles and CL phosphor particles are formed on the phosphor film surface. Appear alternately. When CL phosphor powder having a small diameter is adhered to the particle surface of PL phosphor powder, the effect is very small and not practical. It is a necessary condition that the particle diameter of the PL phosphor powder is close to the CL phosphor particle diameter. Since the PL phosphor particles have a negative charge and the CL phosphor particles do not have a negative charge, the electron trajectory discharges at innumerable points where the PL phosphor particles on the phosphor film are exposed as described in the first embodiment. Coulomb is turned to the space side to realize quick lighting and full lighting.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the PL phosphor powder is a calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder , and the CL phosphor powder is a CL phosphor powder that emits low-electron-beam light. An electric high-brightness integrated fluorescent lamp is provided. When a mixed powder of calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder that emits light under electron beam irradiation is used, the unit price of the calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder becomes about one-tenth, so a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp The manufacturing cost can be reduced. That is, since the calcium halophosphate PL phosphor does not use a rare rare earth element having a low Clark number, the phosphor cost can be reduced. Moreover, a phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of calcium halophosphate PL phosphor powder having a negative charge on the surface and CL phosphor powder having a negative charge on the surface or slightly negative charge and emitting light at a low voltage of 150 V or less. When formed, PL phosphor particles and CL phosphor particles are inevitably dispersed innumerably alternately on the surface of the fluorescent film in the glass tube axis direction. Conduction electrons are bent by the negative charges at the countless PL phosphor particles, and light is emitted. Since the region is the entire surface of the phosphor film, rapid lighting and light emission are possible. If inexpensive ZnO phosphor powder is used as the CL phosphor powder, further cost reduction can be realized. However, the present invention is not limited to ZnO phosphor powder, and the CL phosphor powder emits light at a low voltage of 150 V or less. If so, the same effect can be expected.

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the PL phosphor powder is a rare earth PL phosphor powder , and the CL phosphor powder is a CL phosphor powder that emits low electron beams. A luminance integrated fluorescent lamp can be provided. Since the phosphor film is formed from a mixed powder of rare earth PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder, there is an effect that the manufacturing cost of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp using the rare earth phosphor film can be reduced. Rare earth PL phosphor powder is a high-performance PL phosphor powder having a negative charge on the surface, but due to the recent rise in rare earth element materials, the production cost of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes using rare earth phosphor films is increasing. . Therefore, if a ZnO phosphor, which is a CL phosphor that is relatively inexpensive and stable, is used as the CL phosphor powder of this embodiment, it is intended to reduce the manufacturing cost of the mixed phosphor powder. In particular, the ZnO phosphor has an extremely short decay time constant after being excited by ultraviolet rays until it emits light, so that it can emit light at high speed and has a characteristic of emitting bright CL even at a low voltage of 30 V or less. Moreover, when a fluorescent film is formed from a mixture of rare earth PL phosphor powder having a negative charge on the surface and ZnO phosphor powder having no negative charge on the surface, it is inevitably caused by PL fluorescence on the surface of the fluorescent film in the direction of the glass tube axis. The body particles and the CL phosphor particles are dispersed innumerably alternately. Conduction electrons are bent by the negative charges at the countless PL phosphor particles, and light is emitted. Since the region is the entire surface of the phosphor film, rapid lighting and light emission are possible.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the coil electrode fluorescent lamp has W _1n = an + b _{n where n is} the number of turns of the coil electrode and W _1n (W) is the primary power of the AC power supply. Since xn (a _n , b _n : constant) is established as an approximate expression, the primary power of the AC power supply can be appropriately selected based on the number of turns of the coil electrode based on the approximate expression, and the fluorescent discharge lamp The power consumption design can be easily performed. Conversely, the electrode design can be easily performed by appropriately adjusting the number of turns of the coil electrode based on the approximate expression in accordance with the primary side power consumption.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the coil electrode fluorescent lamp has W _2n = c _n + d _n , where n is the number of turns of the coil electrode and W _2n (W) is the secondary power of the AC power supply. Since xn (c _n , d _n : constant) is established as an approximate expression, the secondary power of the AC power supply can be appropriately selected based on the number of turns of the coil electrode based on the approximate expression. The power consumption design can be easily performed. Conversely, the electrode design can be easily performed by appropriately adjusting the number of turns of the coil electrode based on the approximate expression in accordance with the secondary side power consumption.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the number of turns of the coil electrode n, when the primary electric power of the alternating current power supply was set to _{W 1n (W), W 1n} = a n + b n × n (a n, b _n : constant) is established as an approximate expression, the constants b _n and d _n in the seventh embodiment are b _n > d _n , and therefore, using this relationship, the constant b _n and d _n are determined according to the number of turns of the coil electrode The primary and secondary power of the AC power supply can be selected with high accuracy, and conversely, the number of turns of the coil electrode can be optimally adjusted according to the primary and secondary power consumption.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, in the range where the number of turns n is 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) of the electric wire is in the range of 0.26 (mm) ≦ d ≦ 1.6 (mm). Since the primary side power W _1n has a maximum deviation of 5 (W) from the value of the approximate expression, the primary side power of the AC power source is appropriately selected within the range of the deviation width. Accordingly, the cross-sectional diameter d of the electric wire can be varied within the above range, and the coil electrode can be formed with a large degree of freedom.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in the range where the number of turns n is 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) of the electric wire is in the range of 0.26 (mm) ≦ d ≦ 1.6 (mm). Since the primary side power W _1n has a deviation width of 0.6 (W) at maximum with the value of the approximate expression, the secondary side power of the AC power source is appropriately changed within the deviation width. According to selection, the cross-sectional diameter d of the electric wire can be varied within the above range, and the coil electrode can be formed with a large degree of freedom.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, when the secondary side voltage of the AC power source is applied by connecting N coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps in parallel, the primary side of the AC power source Assuming that the power is W _1N (W), W _1N = a _N + b _N × N (a _N , b _N : constant) is established as an approximate expression. A power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp that enables high-intensity light emission in which the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps are connected in parallel can be realized.

  When the fluorescent discharge lamp tube using the metal internal electrode emits light with high brightness, the power consumption is extremely high, resulting in an increase in power consumption. According to the present embodiment, the parallel connection configuration increases the heat retention effect in the discharge space and enables high-luminance light emission. At the same time, even if all the lamps are turned on at the same time, the power consumption can be reduced and the problem of power consumption can be solved at once to achieve power saving and high brightness emission at the same time. Electric light can be realized.

  In particular, when an AC power source is connected to the discharge space insulation type electrode of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the current detected on the input side of the power supply circuit is a current required to form an AC electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. The size is independent of the diameter of the discharge lamp tube and the length of the discharge lamp tube, and the value of the detected current is determined only by the physical properties of the fluorescent film, and the value varies depending on the physical properties of the fluorescent film in the range of 0.1A to 1A. . The electric power that forms the high-frequency electric field is independent of the luminance of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and determines the power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. The electrons involved in the light emission of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube are electrons taken out from the third generation electron source into the alternating electric field, and the amount thereof can be measured separately from the lighting power of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and the value is a maximum of 1 mA. Since it is 1 / 1,000 or less of the current (1A) required for forming the high-frequency electric field, the contribution to the power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be ignored. It has been found that the brightness of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is determined by the mercury vapor pressure depending on the heat retention effect of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. Conventionally, it was considered that the luminance of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is related to the power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, but the relationship is small. The inventors have been able to provide a fluorescent discharge lamp that extremely reduces power consumption through a new discovery that modifies conventional common sense from the basics.

  In addition, by using the discharge space insulation type electrode, a group of fluorescent discharge lamps made of the same fluorescent film is arranged in a bundle, and each fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged in a bundle is formed. When a high-frequency electric field is formed in this manner, the power for forming an AC electric field in all the tubes of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube group is significantly reduced. That is, it is a discovery of the fact that the power consumption required for lighting a fluorescent discharge lamp is significantly reduced when the fluorescent discharge lamps are arranged in a bundle and integrated. More specifically, when an AC power source is connected to an electrode of a single fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a discharge space insulating electrode attached thereto, and an AC electric field is formed in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the consumption of the single fluorescent discharge lamp tube The power is w watts. When a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes (n) made of the same type of fluorescent film are arranged in a bundle in the vicinity of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the same strength is provided in all the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes arranged in a bundle (integrated type). AC electric field is induced. The power consumption W required to form a high-frequency electric field in all of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp tubes is obtained by adding 1 watt to the supply power of one fluorescent discharge lamp tube in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube used in the experiment. I found out that it would be total power. That is, W = n + w instead of W = nw, and the relationship of total power consumption << single power consumption x number is established, and the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is lit with low power consumption. The relationship W = n + w is established regardless of the tube diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube and the tube length of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.

  When electrons are injected from the third generation electron source into the alternating electric field of each discharge lamp tube of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp and the filling gas is emitted by the injected electrons, the phosphor film becomes an electron beam emitting phosphor particle and a light emitting phosphor particle. The luminance from the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is as many as the integrated number of the luminance of one fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a discharge space insulating electrode attached thereto. An integrated fluorescent discharge lamp with high luminance and extremely low power consumption (W = n + w) can be obtained. When the fluorescent film is made of only the light emitting phosphor, and when the phosphor particle surface used is contaminated with fine particles of the electrical insulator, the brightness of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp does not double the number of integrated lamps. , W = nw, and the advantage of integrating the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is lost.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the tenth aspect, when N (natural number of 2 or more) coiled electrode fluorescent discharge lamps are connected in parallel and the secondary voltage of the AC power supply is applied, When the secondary power of the AC power supply is W _2N (W), W _2N = c _N + d _N × N (c _N , d _N : constant) is established as an approximate expression. Based on the equation, or in combination with the approximate expression of the primary power, a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp that enables high-intensity light emission by connecting N coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps in parallel is realized. be able to.

According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the eleventh aspect, since the constants b _N and d _N are b _N > d _N , this relationship is used to correspond to the number of integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps. The primary and secondary power of the AC power supply is selected with high accuracy, and conversely, the number of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps is optimally adjusted according to the primary and secondary power consumption, and N Thus, it is possible to realize a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp that enables high-intensity light emission in which the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps are connected in parallel.

  In the case of a single discharge lamp, one end of the coil electrode wire is connected to a power source, and the opposite wire is an open end. In the case of a power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp, one end side of the coil electrode wire of each discharge lamp can be connected in parallel to the power supply side, or one end side of the coil electrode wire can be connected to another discharge lamp. As a starting side of the coil electrode, one electric wire can be continuously wound around each discharge lamp.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, the power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to the present invention is fitted to both ends of the external coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube and the socket of the lighting fixture of the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube. Install a suitable base. The size of the power source necessary for lighting the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is smaller than a fraction of the size of the power source required for lighting the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube. Can be stored in the storage. Accordingly, the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube lighting device is used as it is without changing the lighting fixture used in the past, and the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is simply replaced with the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube. By installing the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a simple construction to store a small lighting power source in the lighting fixture, it is convenient and economical to realize lighting.

[Further details of the present invention: Relationship between detection current and lighting]
The history of development of high brightness important in the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp according to the present invention will be described below.
The inventors applied a high-frequency power source to the electrode of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube by a third-generation electron source and supplied from the electron source a current that forms a high-frequency electric field that does not contribute to light emission in the current detected on the input side of the power circuit. It was discovered that there are two types of electron currents involved in the emission of gas atoms. The magnitude of the current necessary for forming the high-frequency electric field is in the vicinity of 1 A, which is 1000 times or more the magnitude of the electron current necessary for emitting gas atoms. Therefore, it has been found that the high frequency electric field forming current does not contribute to the light emission of the fluorescent discharge lamp, but determines only the power consumption when the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is turned on. The gas discharge is caused by electrons from the electron source moving in the gas space due to resonance with the high frequency electric field, but this electron current has a small amount of current (1 mA or less) and is substantially necessary for lighting the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. The power is not affected. The above discovery is an important matter in optimizing all functions of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube and developing a fluorescent lamp with high power and high brightness that has never been obtained.

  Furthermore, the following phenomenon was discovered. The high-frequency electric field formed in one fluorescent discharge lamp tube is that when a plurality of the same type of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are placed around the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, a high-frequency electric field is also induced in the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes placed in the vicinity. The The value of the current flowing in the power supply circuit connected to the electrode of the first fluorescent discharge lamp tube is only slightly increased by the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes placed in the vicinity. If the fluorescent discharge lamp tube only has a high frequency electric field, the fluorescent discharge lamp tube does not emit light. In order for the fluorescent discharge lamp tube to emit light, electrons must be injected into the high-frequency electric field. The conditions under which electrons can be injected into the high frequency electric field were investigated.

  In the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, whether the electrons from the third generation electron source can be injected into the high frequency electric field formed in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube or not is determined by the high frequency formed in the electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube. It varies significantly with the magnitude of the electric field. The magnitude of the high-frequency electric field formed in the electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is examined by monitoring the current detected on the input side of the power supply circuit. When a high frequency potential is applied to the external electrode, the current detected by the power supply circuit varies greatly depending on the contamination (charging) state of the fluorescent film. When the surface of the phosphor particles constituting the phosphor film is severely contaminated with fine particles of an electrical insulator, the current detected by the power source is around 1 A. If the surface of the phosphor particles is not contaminated with an electrical insulator, the detection current is minimized and decreases to near 0.1A. It is difficult to light a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a detection current of 0.7 A or more. That is, when the detection current is 0.7 A or more, electrons from the third generation electron source cannot be injected into the high frequency electric field. When the detection current is 0.5 A or less, electrons can be easily injected into the high-frequency electric field formed in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. As a result, the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is lit.

  When the electrodes of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a detection current of 0.5 A or less are connected in parallel to form an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, third-generation electrons are supplied to the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube connected in parallel Injection of electrons from the source into the alternating electric field is allowed. The injected electrons collide with gas atoms inelastically and discharge the gas, so that the fluorescent films of all the fluorescent discharge lamps connected in parallel emit light with uniform brightness. That is, the power consumption required for lighting a plurality of external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes connected in parallel is slightly increased as compared with the case where the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are lit alone, and only the emission intensity is parallel. It increases in proportion to the number of connected fluorescent discharge lamp tubes. When the electrodes of the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a detection current of 0.5 A or less are connected in parallel, a large power saving type fluorescent discharge lamp can be realized. There are things to note here. Many of the commercially available fluorescent discharge lamp tubes have a detection current of 0.7 A or more even if they are changed to external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and electrons cannot be injected from the third generation electron source into the high-frequency electric field in the modified fluorescent discharge lamp tube. . As a result, even if the modified fluorescent discharge lamp tube is connected in parallel with a fluorescent discharge lamp having a detection current of 0.5 A or less, the modified fluorescent discharge lamp tube does not emit light. As a reference, even when a commercially available fluorescent discharge lamp tube having an outer shape of 30 mm is modified to an external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube and the external electrodes are connected in parallel, the modified fluorescent discharge lamp tube does not emit light.

  The optimum conditions for injecting electrons from the third generation electron source into the high frequency electric field were complicated. If there is no contamination of the electrical insulator on the phosphor particle surface, the electrons injected into the high frequency electric field selectively take the surface conduction of the phosphor film, reach the cation source and disappear. As a result, the surface conduction electrons do not collide with gas atoms, and the fluorescent discharge lamp does not emit light. When protrusions are formed on the fluorescent film, surface-conductive electrons collide with the protruded phosphor particles. When the half period of the applied electric field is set to zero potential, only the movement of electrons traveling in only one direction occurs, and only the cathode side of the projected phosphor particles emits light, and no light is emitted on the anode side. The light emission of the projected phosphor particles can be identified as CL light emission by electron beam irradiation. This observation confirms the presence of surface conduction electrons that are accelerated in one direction on the fluorescent film. If the surface of the phosphor particles is heavily contaminated with an electrical insulator, electrons from the third generation electron source are subjected to Coulomb repulsion from the negative electric field of the charged charge of the contaminant, and gas emission does not enter the gas space. Does not happen. Only when the phosphor film is made of a mixed powder of phosphor particles with a moderately contaminated particle surface and non-contaminated particles, electrons enter the gas space and are accelerated to charge the phosphor particle surface. The electron orbit is bent into the gas space at the negative charge, and inelastically collides with the gas atoms. As a result, the fluorescent discharge lamp emits light. The electrons that collide inelastically are scattered in the orbit, but remain in the discharge path in the high-frequency electric field, are corrected by the high-frequency electric field of the next wave, are accelerated, and collide with other gas atoms inelastically. By repeating this, a positive column in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is established.

  The characteristics of the complex fluorescent film described above can be controlled by the following method. When the fluorescent film of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is made by mixing a low voltage electron beam emission (CL) phosphor and a light emission (PL) phosphor having the same particle size, electrons from the third generation electron source are easily converted into the phosphor film. All of the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that can enter above and are joined in parallel emit light with the same luminance. The detection current of the power supply circuit required to form a high frequency electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is 0.5 A or less. As a result of this discovery, if multiple external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are bundled and integrated with an appropriate gap, only the brightness of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is bundled by changing the current value flowing in the power circuit slightly. It increases in proportion to the number of discharge lamp tubes. Since the fluorescent film has a white body color and does not absorb light with respect to visible light emitted from the fluorescent film, if a gap is provided in the bundled fluorescent discharge tube, the fluorescent film of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube placed inside All the light emitted from the can be taken out. Since a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamps emit light only by slightly increasing the power consumption of a single fluorescent discharge lamp, an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that emits light with high power and high luminance has been developed. That is, the power consumption of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp made by integrating 10 fluorescent discharge lamp tubes is one-fifth of the power required for lighting the 10 fluorescent lamps, and only the luminance is 10 times higher.

  Not only that. When a new external electrode is installed on the outer wall of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube whose life has expired due to the use of a metal electrode, the fluorescent discharge lamp tube whose life has expired is relighted. When the external electrode is installed at the end of the discharge lamp glass tube, the fluorescent discharge lamp tube whose lifetime has been exhausted is completely regenerated and emits light with the same brightness as the newly manufactured external electrode fluorescent discharge tube. In addition, as a result of erasing all the factors affecting the life in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the life of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube becomes semi-permanent and the resource recovery cycle of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube becomes very long. Thus, the use of third-generation electron sources greatly contributes not only to the power saving of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, but also to the saving of resources and the prevention of soil contamination problems due to mercury due to the disposal of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that have reached the end of their lives. .

It is a block diagram which shows a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the primary side electric power _W1n (W) of the high frequency power supply 6, and the winding number n of a coil electrode. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the primary side electric power _W1n (W) of the high frequency power supply 6, and the wire diameter d of the electric wire for coil electrodes. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the primary side electric power _W1n (W) of the high frequency power supply 6, and lighting time. It is a figure which shows the change with respect to the winding | turns number of the primary side electric power of the initial stage at the time of lighting when a fluorescent discharge lamp is single. It is a figure which shows the change with respect to the winding | turns number of the secondary side electric power of the initial stage at the time of lighting when a fluorescent discharge lamp is single. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of an integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp in which n coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps are connected in parallel and a secondary side voltage of a high-frequency power source 6 is applied to simultaneously light up. It is a block diagram of the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp which formed the coil electrode of each coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp with the common electric wire, and was connected in parallel. It is a figure which shows the electric power measurement result with respect to the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp of FIG. 8, and each structure discharge lamp. It is a figure which shows the change of the primary side electric power _W1N (W) and the secondary side electric power _W2N (W) of the high frequency power supply 6 when the number N of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps is 1, 2, and 3. It is a figure which shows the secondary side electric power change at the time of making into the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp by a coil electrode about several commercially available internal electrode type | mold fluorescent discharge lamps and the high frequency power supply used therein. It is a figure which shows the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp which arrange | positioned and integrated the seven coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps 23 in bundle shape. It is a schematic diagram explaining a mode that the behavior of the electrons introduced into the fluorescent film surface in the present invention changes depending on the charged state of the fluorescent film. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state of the optimal fluorescent film made from the mixed powder of low voltage electron beam light emission CL fluorescent substance powder and light emission PL fluorescent substance powder in this invention. In this invention, it is a schematic diagram which shows the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube which attached the nozzle | cap | die which can be easily fitted to the socket of the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp lighting fixture.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp 2 Glass tube 3 Coil electrode 4 Coil electrode 5 Voltage application line 6 AC power supply 7 Commercial power supply 8 Fluorescent film 9 Electric wire 10 Insulating layer 11 Phosphor particle layer 12 Phosphor particle layer 13 Voltage application line 14a Glass tube 14b Glass tube 14n Glass tube 15a Coil electrode 15b Coil electrode 15n Coil electrode 16a Coil electrode 16b Coil electrode 16n Coil electrode 17a Glass tube 17b Glass tube 17n Glass tube 18a Coil electrode 18b Coil electrode 18n Coil electrode 19a Coil electrode 19b Coil electrode 19n Coil Electrode 20 Voltage application line 21 Voltage application line 22 Fluorescent discharge lamp housing part 23 Coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp 24 Coil electrode 25 Coil electrode 26 PIP sheath 27 PL phosphor particle 28 CL phosphor particle 29 Coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp 30 Coil electrode 31 Coil electrode storage 32 CCFL cold cathode fluorescent lamp tubes CL electron emission (Cathodoluminescence)
e Electron (Emission electron)
FL Fluorescent discharge lamp HCFL Hot cathode fluorescent discharge lamp LCD LCD PIP Permanent internal polarization PL Light emission (Photoluminescence)
SBE surface-bound-electrons
UV UV

  When a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes using glass tubes having the same diameter are stacked and bundled, a fluorescent discharge lamp in which the bundled fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are integrated can be obtained. Bright light emission can be obtained from the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp by a multiple of the integrated number. As shown in the conventional example, in the use of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a built-in metal electrode (that is, a non-surface-insulated internal electrode), since each driving power source is connected to each integrated fluorescent discharge tube, power consumption is reduced. It increases by a multiple of the number of discharge lamp tubes that accumulate. This is the same as the case where the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is caused to emit light individually, and no advantage is obtained. Moreover, even if connected in parallel, high power for extracting electrons from the metal cathode is required, so that a large lighting circuit is required, so there is no practicality.

  The present inventors have discovered that the use of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a third generation electron source changes the story. An integrated fluorescent discharge lamp that is formed by bundling a plurality of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that use a third generation electron source and connecting electrodes in parallel emits light just by slightly increasing the power required to light one lamp. The luminance increases remarkably with the number of fluorescent discharge lamp tubes that accumulate.

  In the present embodiment, there is provided a fluorescent discharge lamp using a coil electrode as an external electrode as a third generation electron source without using a metal internal electrode. In this case, the fluorescent film applied to the inner wall surface of the tube can be applied to the end of the tube. The electrodes necessary for the discharge are attached to the outer wall surface of the glass tube end of the discharge lamp. In the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp having this structure, the third generation electron source is involved in the discharge.

One of the features of using an external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube with a built-in third generation electron source is the miniaturization of the power supply circuit for lighting the discharge lamp. The first reason why the lighting power supply circuit can be reduced in size is that a high voltage circuit required for taking out electrons from the metal cathode electrode is unnecessary. The second reason is that electrons injected into the phosphor film easily discharge gas. In order to light up a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube, if an electron having energy that overcomes the negative electric field (10 ⁵ V cm- ¹ ) formed by the outermost electrons of gas atoms is not created, the electron enters the gas space and discharges. There were difficulties that could not start. Since this difficulty disappears in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, it is not necessary to devise a large-sized and large-power-consuming gas discharge lighting electric circuit required for lighting. The third reason is that the electron flow injected from the third generation electron source into the high-frequency electric field is 1 mA or less, and a small integrated circuit can be used. The maximum current flowing in the power supply circuit is the power required to form a high-frequency electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and is limited to 1.0 A or less, so the volume of the power supply circuit is reduced. Overall, the power supply circuit of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp significantly reduces the volume of the lighting circuit of the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp (diameter 20 mm) using metal electrodes, and is reduced to one fifth or less.

  When an AC power supply is applied to the electrode of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a third generation electron source, a current that changes depending on the contamination state of the phosphor particle surface constituting the fluorescent film flows to the power supply circuit. This change in current becomes noticeable when a voltage of a high frequency power source (30 kHz or more and several kVp) is applied, and the measurement becomes easy. For this reason, in the following description, the current change of the power supply circuit that changes depending on the contamination state of the phosphor particles constituting the phosphor film will be described. However, the phenomenon is not specific to the high frequency power supply, and the normal AC power supply frequency (50 Hz or 50 Hz or 60 Hz), the present invention encompasses all AC power sources that cause external electrode fluorescent discharge lamps to emit light using AC power sources. The formation of a high-frequency electric field is easy in a straight tube type fluorescent discharge lamp tube, but in a curved tube type fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the high-frequency electric field is likely to be disturbed by a curved portion and may not reach the entire tube instantaneously. However, a curved tube type fluorescent discharge lamp tube in which the formation of a high-frequency electric field extends over the entire tube is also included in the present invention. For this reason, the following description of the present invention uses a straight tube fluorescent discharge lamp tube. When the surface of the phosphor particles is severely contaminated, the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp does not light even if a large current caused by the formation of a high frequency electric field flows through the power supply circuit. However, a high-frequency electric field is formed in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. This fact can be confirmed because a high-frequency electric field can be detected even in a small area at a location 10 cm away from the wall of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube in the central part in the vertical axis direction. The facts described above indicate the fact that the current flowing in the power supply circuit due to the formation of the high-frequency electric field in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is not directly involved in the gas discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube.

  When the surface of the phosphor particles to be used is contaminated with an electrical insulator, the electrical insulator is generally charged. Negative charges due to charging of substances contaminated on the surface of the phosphor particles also spread in the gas space. Since the kinetic energy of the electrons extracted from the third generation electron source is close to zero, the electrons with small kinetic energy are subjected to clone repulsion due to the negative charge of the polluted material, do not enter the gas space, and the fluorescent discharge lamp does not discharge. . If the conventional discharge gas lighting system (which momentarily applies a high voltage) is used for a moment, the charge of the pollutant disappears partially, so the electrons of the third generation electron source can enter the gas discharge path, and the gas discharge However, the intensity is weak and the discharge disappears over time. Even if gas discharge appears, the current flowing in the power supply circuit due to the formation of the high-frequency electric field remains unchanged. It shows that the power supply current that flows when a high frequency is applied to the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp is much larger than the electron current required for gas discharge. The power supply current (that is, the power of the lighting circuit) varies significantly depending on the characteristics of the phosphor particles constituting the phosphor film. That is, the power consumption w (watt) of one fluorescent discharge lamp tube fluctuates in the range of w = 4 to 7 (watts) even in the same type of fluorescent discharge lamp tube.

When the phosphor film contains 20% or more of CL phosphor that emits light with a low-voltage electron beam without contamination of the phosphor particle surface, the current flowing through the power supply circuit is reduced to less than half. When the current flowing in the power supply circuit is 0.5 A or less, the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is turned on instantaneously when a high frequency is applied from the power supply. Since electrons involved in emission in the positive column is repeatedly used without disappearing in the discharge path (10 ⁵ times), the number of electrons required per unit time is extremely small. When the excited gas is discharged, it returns to the gas atoms and has the opportunity for re-excitation. In gas statistics, gas excitation due to inelastic collision of electrons is treated as replacement sampling. Taking this into consideration, the maximum number of electrons (current) involved in gas excitation per unit time is about one-thousandth (˜1 mA) of the power supply current measured on the input side of the power supply circuit. Gas number of atoms excited in the number of electrons per unit time, becomes 10 ²² longitudinal per unit discharge space. The excitation gas emits one UV photon and returns to the ground state. The UV light emitted in the gas is converted into visible light by the fluorescent film, but the quantum efficiency is 1 in the practical fluorescent film, so the number of excited gases corresponds to the number of photons emitted from the fluorescent film. The number of photons emitted in a unit discharge space per 10 ²² before and after the visible light from the fluorescent lamp is sufficient photon number as a light source for illuminating a room with daylight illumination. From the above calculation, it is clear that the current flowing in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is mainly determined by the power supply current required for the high-frequency electric field formed in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and is not the number of electrons that excite gas atoms. It becomes. The inventors discovered the important role played by the difference between the number of electrons moving in the discharge tube and the power supply current that forms a high-frequency electric field in discussing the discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube by the above-mentioned calculation and experimental facts, to save power In order to obtain the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, it has been clarified that the fluorescent film that forms a high-frequency electric field in the fluorescent discharge lamp needs to be optimized.

  Since the power consumed by the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is determined by the influence of the electrical characteristics of the fluorescent film, the power consumption of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be minimized by selecting the fluorescent film. Also, since the power consumption of the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube fluctuates depending on the degree of contamination of the fluorescent film, the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is lit if the production lot is different even if the same type of phosphor powder is used. The power fluctuates. Furthermore, even if the same kind of phosphor is used and the emission color of the phosphor film is changed, the lighting power fluctuates. Even if the same mixed phosphor powder is used, the lighting power of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp varies slightly from tube to tube. For product management during the manufacture of fluorescent discharge lamps, it is necessary to take into account fluctuations in the surface of the phosphor particles.

  The current flowing from the third generation electron source into the high-frequency electric field in the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube described above has an electrical insulator between the external electrode connected to the power supply circuit and the gas in the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube. It is clear that the electrons involved in the discharge in the gas space are not directly donated from the power supply circuit and are self-raised in the gas space. When it is connected to the electrode, it flows in the power supply circuit that is power necessary for forming a high-frequency electric field, and a current required for it is detected by the lighting power supply circuit. In the conventional gas discharge of a fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the electric power necessary for forming a high-frequency electric field and the electron current involved in the gas discharge cannot be separated, and the number of excited electrons and gas atoms cannot be optimized. By using the above-mentioned third generation electron source, the present inventors have been able to separate the power necessary for forming a high-frequency electric field flowing in the power supply circuit when the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is lit and the electron current involved in the gas discharge. This is a great discovery in studying gas discharge in fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.

  Consider the size of the power supply circuit that lights the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. In the conventional metal electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the extracted electrons are put into the gas atom space unless the kinetic energy of the electrons extracted from the metal electrode is made larger than the negative electric field due to the outermost electrons of the gas atoms filling the gas space. Therefore, it was difficult to turn on the gas discharge. The work of the power supply circuit, which has played a major role in the lighting of the metal electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube and occupied a large volume, is unnecessary in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube when a third generation electron supply source is used. Therefore, unnecessary main circuits required for lighting can be removed from the power supply circuit, and the power consumption of the power supply circuit is less than one-fifth of the conventional power consumption. Accordingly, the volume of the power supply circuit device is less than one-fifth that of a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and can be stored in a small space. At the same time, the unit price of the power supply circuit is extremely reduced.

  He stated that when a third-generation electron source is used, the high-frequency electric field formed in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube varies greatly depending on the electrical characteristics of the fluorescent film. In order to reduce the high-frequency power generated in the external electrode fluorescent discharge tube, the electrical characteristics of the phosphor particles constituting the phosphor film are important. The inventors of the present invention have a case where the phosphor film contains about 30% by weight of an electron beam emission (CL) phosphor that emits light with a low voltage electron beam, and contains 70% by weight of a PL phosphor that emits light only by light emission (PL). The high frequency electric field forming power in the external electrode fluorescent discharge tube was minimal. That is, the lighting power of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is minimized. The lighting power varies depending on the surface state of the blue and green light emitting phosphor particles. Among the rare earth phosphors, when an yttrium oxide phosphor is used as the red phosphor, the critical voltage for electron beam emission is 110 V. Therefore, when making a phosphor film using this red mixed rare earth phosphor powder, red yttrium oxide is used. When the phosphor powder is frequently used, the lighting power of the fluorescent discharge lamp decreases. The phosphor powder used for the light bulb color does not use the yttrium oxide phosphor, but uses another red component phosphor (having a high critical voltage), so that the current of the power supply circuit increases. In order to reduce the current of the power supply circuit, the critical emission voltage 110V of the yttrium oxide red phosphor is still high. The effect of the CL phosphor is that the current of the power supply circuit is minimized when CL phosphors emitting at around 20 V are mixed.

  As such a CL phosphor, there is a ZnO low voltage CL phosphor (critical voltage 10 eV). When a fluorescent film made of a white light emitting calcium halophosphate phosphor containing 30% by weight of ZnO phosphor and having no surface treatment is used, even a fluorescent discharge lamp having a thin tube emits light brightly. In the external electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube used in the present invention, a white light emitting calcium halophosphate phosphor containing 30% by weight of a ZnO low voltage CL phosphor is used for illumination purposes. In a fluorescent discharge lamp tube in which color rendering is a problem, if a fluorescent film in which 10 wt% of ZnO low-voltage CL phosphor is further added to a conventional rare earth mixed phosphor is used, the high-frequency power is reduced without changing the emission color. A fluorescent film is obtained. Further, when 20% by weight of yttrium oxide red phosphor is mixed with white light emitting calcium halophosphate phosphor, an inexpensive phosphor film with improved color rendering can be obtained.

  The lighting power of one external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube (including the drive circuit) is less than half of the power consumption of the power supply circuit required for lighting a fluorescent discharge lamp with a normal metal electrode. In the case of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, if one external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube with low power consumption is turned on, and another external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube made of the same kind of fluorescent film is placed around it, A high frequency electric field is also induced in the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube. When the electrodes of the two external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are electrically connected in parallel, the second fluorescent discharge lamp tube is also lit and emits light with the same luminance as the first external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube. Moreover, when the power flowing in the power supply circuit is measured on the input side of the power supply, it is only slightly increased from the power consumed by lighting of one external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube. Furthermore, when the number of external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes made of the same kind of fluorescent film as the third and fourth is increased, all of the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes joined in parallel emit light with the same luminance.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a coil electrode. This fluorescent discharge lamp tube 1 has a fluorescent film 8 formed on the inner surface thereof, a glass tube 2 sealed at both ends, coil electrodes 3 and 4 wound around the both ends of the glass tube 2, and a commercial power source 7. The high-frequency power source 6 generates a high-frequency voltage from the power source. Inside the glass tube 2, a discharge space filled with a discharge gas is formed as a cavity. The glass tube 2 is filled with argon (Ar) gas serving as a discharge gas and filled with mercury (Hg) droplets. The coil electrodes 3 and 4 are a kind of discharge space insulation type electrode in which an electric wire is wound around the left and right ends of the outer peripheral surface of the glass tube four times. As shown in FIG. 2 (2B), each coil electrode is made of an insulation-coated electric wire in which the periphery of the electric wire 9 is covered with an insulating layer 10, the terminal end is an open end, and the winding side is a voltage application line 5 as a high-frequency power source 6. It is connected to the output side. The coil electrodes 3 and 4 are enamel-coated wires or vinyl-coated wires. Since the coil electrodes 3 and 4 are used as the external electrodes, they can be easily manufactured only by winding the end portion of the glass tube as compared with the cap electrode or the electrode film.

  In the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp having the above-described configuration, a high-frequency voltage from a high-frequency power source 6 can be applied to the coil electrodes 3 and 4 to discharge the discharge gas and light it. As shown in FIG. 2 (2A), the fluorescent film 8 formed on the inner surface of the glass tube 2 is also extended to the opposing surfaces of the coil electrodes 3 and 4, and this extended portion is used as the phosphor particle layers 11 and 12. Called. The phosphor film 8 is formed from a mixed phosphor of PL phosphor powder and CL phosphor powder. On the surface of the phosphor film 8 facing the discharge space, PL phosphor particles are arranged dispersed in the tube axis direction.

The operation of the third generation electron source and cation source in the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp 1 will be described. It is considered that a positive potential is applied to the coil electrode 3 and a negative potential is applied to the coil electrode 4 at a certain moment when a high-frequency voltage is applied by the high-frequency power source 6. At this time, since the phosphor particle layers 11 and 12 are insulators, they are dielectrically polarized with a reverse polarity. That is, the phosphor particle layer 11 facing the coil electrode 3 is negatively positive and dielectrically polarized, and the phosphor particle layer 12 facing the coil electrode 4 is positively and negatively dielectrically polarized. The potential of the positive charge dielectrically polarized on the phosphor particle layer 12 is several times higher than the positive potential of the coil electrode 3. The discharge gas Ar is ionized by the high-frequency electric field to become e ⁻ and Ar ⁺ , and the electron e ⁻ is accumulated on the phosphor particle 11 side having the highest positive potential in the tube by the Coulomb attractive force to form an electron source. The electron source constitutes the third generation electron source in the present invention. On the contrary, Ar ⁺ is on the coil electrode 4 side due to Coulomb attraction, and is accumulated on the phosphor particle layer 12 side having the highest negative potential in the tube to form a cation source. The electron e ⁻ of the electron source heads toward the cation source, repeats inelastic collision with gas atoms in the discharge space without disappearing, advances while drawing an electron orbit, and combines with Ar ⁺ to neutral Ar. Return. In the present invention, since electrons are not injected from an external circuit, no electrode voltage drop occurs, and power consumption can be reduced accordingly. Further, since the coil electrodes 3 and 4 are separated from the gas space by the glass tube wall, there is no cation collision, sputtering does not occur, and a long life is achieved. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize the exhaustion of the electrode voltage drop and the sputtering.

Various electrode formation conditions in the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp according to the present invention were examined.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the primary power W _1n (W) of the high-frequency power source 6 and the number of turns n of the coil electrodes 3 and 4. In this experiment, the primary power was measured when the number of turns n was changed to 1, 5, and 10. Example of modification to a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp using a fluorescent discharge lamp tube with an internal electrode as a fluorescent discharge lamp tube to be provided with a coil electrode (see (3A) to (3C)) An example is shown in which the fluorescent discharge lamp tube with an internal electrode is changed to a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp (see (3D) to (3F)). The diameter of the metal wire of the insulation coated wire is changed to 0.26, 0.5, 0.8, 1.6Φ (mm). (3A) to (3C) indicate power at the beginning of lighting, power after 30 minutes, and power after 60 minutes. (3D) to (3F) indicate the power at the beginning of lighting, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after the defective product.

From the measurement result of FIG. 3, it is clear that linearity is maintained between the primary power W _1n (W) and the number of turns n of the coil electrodes 3 and 4 with the change with time after lighting. That is, when one coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp is used, the primary power when the number of turns n is changed to 1, 5, and 10 for each wire diameter is measured. As a result, W _1n = a _n + b _n Xn (a _n , b _n : constant) is obtained as an approximate expression. The fact that the primary power is approximately linearly related to the number of turns n is a fact first discovered by the present inventors. It has been found that the approximate linear relationship varies with the wire diameter d, and the primary power W _1n has a deviation width of ΔW due to the wire diameter d. Details of the function form and the shift width ΔW will be described later with reference to FIG.

FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the primary power W _1n (W) of the high-frequency power supply 6 and the wire diameter d of the coil electrode insulation-coated wire. In this experiment, the wire diameter d was changed to 0.26, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.6 (mm), and the primary power of the AC power source 6 was measured. In the same manner as in the experiment of FIG. 3, the number n of turns was changed to 1, 5, and 10, and a new fluorescent discharge lamp tube wound with a coil electrode (see (4A)) and An example (see (4B)) modified to a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is shown. (4A) and (4B) show the electric power after 60 minutes of lighting, respectively, by changing a new and exhausted fluorescent discharge tube to a coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube. From this result, it was found that for the given number of turns n, the primary power W _1n (W) is stable and a lighting driving state can be obtained regardless of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube before modification. That is, it was found that the primary power W _1n (W) hardly depends on the wire diameter d.

FIG. 5 shows the result of measurement of the relationship between the primary side power W _1n (W) of the high frequency power source 6 and the lighting time t using the diameter d of the metal wire of the coil winding as a parameter. The primary power change that appears when the diameter d of the metal wire of the coil winding is changed to 0.26, 0.5, 0.8, 1.6 φ (mm) and the number of turns n is changed to 1, 5, 10, It is measured after 30 minutes and 60 minutes after lighting. As in the experiments of FIGS. 3 and 4, when a new fluorescent discharge lamp tube is modified as a fluorescent discharge lamp tube around which coil electrodes are wound (see (5A) to (5D)), the fluorescence that has expired is exhausted. The case where the discharge lamp tube is modified (regenerated) (see (5E) to (5H)) is shown. From this experimental result, new and refurbished products have a change depending on the wire diameter d and the number of turns n, but a stable lighting drive state can be obtained without giving a significant change in the primary power at the given d and n. I understood.

FIG. 6 uses a single coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and examines changes in the primary side power W _1n (indicated by the variable y) and the number of turns n (indicated by the variable x) at the time of lighting, and between y and x It was clarified that there is a wire diameter relationship. The primary power W _1n of the high-frequency power source varies depending on the wire diameter d, but it was found that for a given d, the primary power y is approximately expressed by a linear function of the number of turns x. For example, when the minimum wire diameter d = 0.26φ, an empirical formula represented by y = 1.26x + 2.72 was obtained. The gap between measured values was tested for suitability by the least square method. The other empirical formulas for d are as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the number n of turns of the coil electrode is determined based on the empirical formula, the primary power of the high frequency power supply 6 can be determined, and the power consumption of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be easily designed. Conversely, the electrode design can be easily performed by appropriately determining the number of turns of the coil electrode based on the empirical formula in accordance with the primary side power consumption.

Further, as can be seen from FIG. 6, the following facts were found from a correlation experiment between the primary power W _1n (W) and the number of turns n of the coil electrode. That is, when the number of turns n is in the range of 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, the wire diameter of the electric wire, that is, the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) is changed in the range of 0.26 (mm) ≦ d ≦ 1.6 (mm). The fluctuation range ΔW of the secondary power W _1n increases with an increase in the number of turns n, and has a maximum deviation width ΔW of 5 (W) at the number of turns n = 10. In other words, the primary power W _1n is the maximum value of the approximate expression and 5 (W). Accordingly, the primary side power of the high frequency power source 6 can be appropriately selected within the range of the maximum fluctuation range, and the wire diameter d can be varied within the range accordingly, and the degree of freedom in forming the coil electrode is great. Was revealed.

Next, the change of the secondary power W _2n (W) of the high frequency power supply 6 of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp as a single unit was also examined.
FIG. 7 shows changes in the secondary side power W _2n (indicated by the variable y) and the number of turns n (indicated by the variable x) at the beginning of lighting when the fluorescent discharge lamp is a single unit, and is a linear function of y and x. The empirical formula was obtained. For example, when d = 0.26φ, an empirical formula of y = 0.25x−0.12 was obtained. The other d is as described in FIG. Accordingly, W _2n = c _n + d _n × n (c _n , d _n : constant) is also established for the secondary side power, similarly to the primary side power. Based on this empirical formula, the secondary power of the high-frequency power source 6 can be appropriately determined by the number of turns of the coil electrode, and the power consumption of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp can be designed easily. On the contrary, the electrode design can be easily performed by appropriately determining the number of turns of the coil electrode based on the approximate expression according to the secondary side power consumption.

Further, the following facts were found from the correlation experiment between the wire diameter d of the coil electrode wire and the secondary power W _2n (W) shown in FIG. That is, when the number of turns n is in the range of 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, when the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) of the wire is varied in the range of 0.26 (mm) ≦ d ≦ 1.6 (mm), the gradient increases by d. Becomes larger. This fact indicates that the value of the secondary power W _2n increases with the value of d, and the fluctuation width ΔW with respect to d = 0.26 is 0.6 (W) at the maximum with the number of turns n = 10. In other words, the value of the empirical formula of the secondary power W _2n increases by 0.6 (W) depending on the value of d even when the number of turns n is the same. Therefore, the secondary power of the AC power supply is appropriately determined within the range of fluctuation width ΔW depending on the d value, and the cross-sectional diameter d of the wire can be varied within the range accordingly. The advantage of having a large degree of freedom in selecting the coil electrode of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp was clarified.

As can be seen from FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the empirical formulas that hold for the primary power W _1n or the secondary power W _2n are all between the wire diameter d, the number of turns n of the coil electrode, and the lighting time t. There is a correlation, and the correlation can be expressed by the general formula W = f (d, n, t). However, since it was found that the correlation between the wire diameter d and the time t is smaller than the value of n, it is clear that there is no big error even if the above equation is expressed by W = f (n). It was. When the correlation is introduced, the primary side power W _1n = a _n + b _n × n and the secondary side power W _2n = c _n + d _n × n can be expressed. Moreover. Empirical formula of Figure 6 and Figure 7 are represented by a linear function, the slope b _n and d _n is found to be a relationship of b _n> d _n. More specifically, it was found that b _n / d _n = 2 to 7 in range. When the type of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp is changed, the range is further expanded. Therefore, using this relationship, the primary and secondary power of the high-frequency power source 6 can be accurately selected according to the number of turns of the coil electrode, and conversely, according to the primary and secondary power consumption. The number of turns of the coil electrode can be determined optimally.

  As an application of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp, an embodiment of an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp consisting of a plurality of tubes will be described. FIG. 8 shows an integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp in which n coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps are connected in parallel and a secondary side voltage of the AC power source 6 is applied to simultaneously turn them on. Each glass tube 14a, 14b-14n is formed with coil electrode pairs 15a and 16a,..., 15n and 16n made of insulation-coated electric wires at both ends. A secondary side voltage is supplied. In this case, the coil electrode of each coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube is connected in parallel to the voltage application line 13.

  FIG. 9 shows an integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp in which one end side of a coil electrode wire is set as a starting side of a coil electrode of another discharge lamp, and a single insulation-coated wire is continuously wound around each discharge lamp in parallel. Indicates. Each of the glass tubes 17a, 17b to 17n has coil electrode pairs 18a and 19a,..., 18n and 19n formed at both ends, and a secondary side voltage is supplied to each coil electrode pair through the voltage application line 21. Is done. In this case, the voltage application line 21 which consists of an insulation coating electric wire is used for the electric wire of each coil electrode, and the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp is connected in parallel by the single electric wire.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show one high-frequency power supply 6 for the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp composed of a plurality of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps with respect to the number of fluorescent discharge lamps (hereinafter referred to as the number of fluorescent lamp tubes). Changes in the secondary power W _1N (W) and the secondary power W _2N (W) were examined including the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp alone.

FIG. 10 shows power measurement results for the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp using the parallel connection method of FIG. In this measurement, an integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp in which eight coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps were connected in parallel was used. (10A) shows the primary side power W _1N (W) and the secondary side power W _2N (W) at the beginning of lighting with respect to the fluorescent lamps alone having the fluorescent lamp numbers 1 to 8. The power consumption of each coil electrode fluorescent lamp tube is in a range where the fluctuation can be ignored when it is a single unit.

(10B) is the primary power W _1N (W) and the secondary power at the beginning of lighting when the number of integrations (upper limit 8) is increased by connecting the coiled electrode fluorescent lamp tubes shown in (10A) in parallel. W _2N (W) is shown. The primary power W _1N (W) and the secondary power W _2N (W) (expressed by the variable y) increased with an increase in the number of fluorescent lamp tubes N (expressed by the variable x), and showed linear dependence. An empirical formula for the number x of coil electrode fluorescent lamp tubes of the primary power y is expressed as y = 1.67x + 4.78. It turned out that the empirical formula of the secondary power is expressed by y = 0.23x−0.13.

FIG. 11 shows the measurement results of W _1N and W _2N obtained with the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube by the connection method using one electric wire shown in FIG. Changes in the primary power W _1N and the secondary power W _2N of the AC power source 6 are shown when the number N of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes is 1, 2, and 3 (the total number is 3). Also in this case, the primary power W _1N (W) and the secondary power W _2N (W) show the dependence of the linear function on the number n of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes of the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp. That is, the primary power y is y = 5.76x + 0.04 with respect to the number x of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes. Further, the secondary power y satisfies y = 0.94x−0.34 with respect to the number x of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps.

Next, the measurement results of FIGS. 10 and 11 are summarized. Since W _1N = a _N + b _N × N (a _N , b _N : constant) is established as an approximate expression for the primary side power, N coil electrode fluorescent discharges are based on the approximate expression of the primary side power. An integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube in which lamp tubes are connected in parallel to enable high-luminance emission can be realized. Similarly, for the secondary side voltage of the AC power supply 6, W _2N = c _N + d _N × N (c _N , d _N : constant) is established as an approximate expression, and therefore, based on the approximate expression of the secondary power. Alternatively, in combination with the approximate expression of the primary power, an integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp in which N coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps are connected in parallel to enable high luminance light emission can be realized. Even in the case of the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the gradients b _N and d _N have a relationship of b _N > d _N. In the specific examples of FIGS. 10 and 11, b _N / d _N = 5 to 7, and this range is further expanded if the type of fluorescent lamp is changed. Using this relationship, the primary and secondary power can be accurately selected according to the number of constituent fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and conversely, the constituent fluorescent light is matched to the primary and secondary power consumption. It is also possible to optimally adjust the number of discharge lamps.

Regarding the secondary side voltage of the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the fluorescent lamps of various companies were compared and examined. FIG. 12 shows changes in secondary power when a plurality of commercially available internal electrode type fluorescent discharge lamps and high frequency power supplies used therein are converted into integrated fluorescent discharge lamps using coil electrodes. When a coil electrode is applied to an internal electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp manufactured by M company and the high frequency power source of M company is used, the secondary power y is y = 0 with respect to the number x of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps. .76x-0.02 holds. When a coil electrode is applied to an internal electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube manufactured by D company and an AC power source of D company is used, the secondary power y is y = 0. 42x−0.22 is established. When the coil electrode is applied to the internal electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube manufactured by A company and the power source of company A is used as the power source, the secondary power y is y = 0.23x− with respect to the number x of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes. 0.13 holds. Reason for slope d _N of the respective companies fluorescent lamp are different are considered to be fluorescent film materials companies fluorescent lamps are different. Therefore, by selecting a fluorescent membrane material to provide a smaller gradient d _N, it is possible to achieve the further power saving effect. Therefore, similar to the measurement results shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the linear dependence on the number of constituent fluorescent discharge lamps is recognized for the secondary power of each company fluorescent lamp. This also means that the primary power of each company fluorescent lamp also has a linear dependence. As a result, even when an internal electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp and a waste product, which are commercially available from other companies, are regenerated to form an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp tube, N coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are formed based on the above linear relational expression. Can be connected in parallel to achieve an integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube that can emit light with high brightness.

  The integrated fluorescent discharge lamp shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 has a configuration in which the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamps are arranged side by side in a plane type, and is therefore optimal for a planar light source for illumination arranged on a ceiling or a wall surface. Moreover, since there is no useless volume as a light source, it can contribute to the diversity of indoor interiors. Furthermore, this planar light source is suitable for a flat light source such as a liquid crystal backlight.

  FIG. 13 shows an integration of a large lamp structure in which seven coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 23 are arranged in a bundle at a predetermined interval from each other by spacers (not shown) in the fluorescent discharge lamp housing 22. A fluorescent discharge lamp is shown. Each coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube 23 has coil electrodes 24 and 25 at both ends. The coil electrodes 24 and 25 provided at the left and right ends of the seven coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 23 are connected to the voltage application line 20 via a parallel connection part (not shown), and the high frequency voltage of the high frequency power source 6 is The coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube 23 is applied in parallel. In this integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, by arranging a plurality of coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tubes 23 in a bundle, the amount of radiant heat from each coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube 23 is accumulated in the gap, and each coil electrode It has the effect of preventing cooling by convection of cold air inside the fluorescent discharge lamp tube 23 and maintaining an appropriate temperature.

  As described above, Ar gas and Hg droplets are included in the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp 23 as the discharge gas. Ar always exists in a gas state, but Hg evaporates in a small amount at room temperature, and many exist as mercury droplets. The 254 nm ultraviolet light that causes the fluorescent film of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube to emit light is generated when Hg atoms present as a gas in Ar gas are excited. Therefore, the 254 nm ultraviolet intensity changes depending on the amount of Hg droplets evaporated in the Ar gas. For this purpose, the temperature of Ar gas is raised and controlled. Empirically, when the Hg vapor pressure is about 0.7 Pa to 1.5 Pa, an optimum light output is obtained. The optimum temperature range is 40 ° C. to 45 ° C. according to the discharge handbook or the like, but according to the study by the present inventors, the temperature may be raised to about 70 ° C. When the temperature is increased, the amount of 365 nm ultraviolet light intervenes, but the amount of 254 nm ultraviolet light also increases, so that the PL luminance from the fluorescent film increases remarkably. The upper temperature limit is around 70 ° C. In one fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the surface of the discharge tube is in contact with cold air, and heat is radiated constantly by air convection. In order to prevent the discharge tube from being cooled and to maintain the optimum temperature, it is necessary to apply electric power that constantly generates an amount of heat corresponding to the amount of heat radiation in Ar gas. In the driving of the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube, the Ar gas is heated with the amount of heat lost by cooling. In other words, only this heat radiation power is wasted in the power consumption of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. It is ionization of gas atoms that generates heat in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. For ionization of gas atoms, it is necessary to accelerate the kinetic energy of electrons in the discharge lamp to an ionization voltage or higher, which requires application of a high-frequency electric field at MHz or high voltage to the discharge lamp tube electrode. To do. In the present embodiment, the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes are arranged in a bundle to hold the fluorescent discharge lamp tubes mutually, and further housed in the fluorescent discharge lamp storage tube 22 to be arranged in a bundle by a heat retaining action. The gas temperature in the pipe can be quickly raised to the optimum temperature, and the mercury vapor pressure in the gas space can be brought to the optimum value.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining how the behavior of electrons introduced to the surface of the fluorescent film in the present invention changes depending on the charged state of the fluorescent film. FIG. 14 illustrates the changes in the four charged states of the fluorescent film and the electron trajectory that affect the gas discharge in the FL tube (fluorescent discharge lamp tube). FIG. 14A is a partial view of a fluorescent film 27 formed by applying a commercial discharge lamp (PL) phosphor powder to the inner wall surface of the glass tube 2. The present inventor has discovered that all particles of commercially available phosphor for PL have retained sustained internal polarization (PIP) from the time of manufacture, and that the negative charge (about 150 V) of PIP is applied to the outside of the particle. I came up with the idea. Naturally, the upper surface of the fluorescent film 27 made using a commercially available PL phosphor is covered with the negative charge of PIP. When an electron e from an electron source close to zero at the initial velocity approaches there, the electron e receives electrostatic repulsion from the negative electric field of PIP and does not enter the phosphor film. That is not all. The gas space is filled with a negative electric field due to outer shell electrons filling the outermost shell of gas atoms, and the electric field strength is 10 ⁵ V / cm. Therefore, the electrons e cannot enter the gas space. Gas atoms do not discharge. That is, the gas discharge is not turned on.

In FIG. 14 (B), electrons close to zero at the initial speed can be easily introduced onto the phosphor film 28 made using a phosphor whose phosphor particles do not have PIP, and the introduced electrons are conducted on the phosphor film surface. Is indicated by an arrow. As a phosphor without PIP, as a result of various studies, there is a CL phosphor that emits light under irradiation with a low electron beam of 15 V or less. Typical phosphors are green-white or zinc oxide (ZnO) phosphors that emit light in a sharp line with a peak at 390 nm, blue emission made without using sodium chloride as a flux. There are zinc sulfide (ZnS: Ag: Cl) phosphors, green light emitting zinc sulfide (ZnS: Cu: Al) phosphors, and MgO particles made under special conditions. When the energy of electrons irradiated to the phosphor film is increased to 120V, zinc silicate (Zn ₂ SiO ₄ : Mn) phosphor produced with excess zinc oxide, yttrium sulfate (Y ₂ O) produced by chemically etching the surface ₂ S: Eu or Tb) Phosphor, yttrium oxide made without using flux (Y ₂ O ₃ : Eu or Dy) An yttrium oxide phosphor or the like whose surface has been removed by removing the deposited flux with an acid is added. The example of FIG. 14B shows a case where a phosphor film is made of a ZnO phosphor. Since the PIP negative electric field does not exist, the slow electrons entering the surface of the fluorescent film easily enter the fluorescent film, and are accelerated by the electric field of the cation source B at the other end of the discharge tube. The process reaches the cation source B without colliding with the gas atoms, and returns to the gas atoms by recombination. The probability that a gas atom exists in an electron orbit traveling in one direction on a normal FL tube (tube length 50 cm) can be calculated. The value is 10 ^-6 , and it can be considered that the probability that the accelerated electrons traveling in one direction collide with the gas atoms is zero. There is no emission of gas atoms by surface conducting electrons. The detection of electrons conducted in one direction on the phosphor film surface by the CL phosphor is made by intentionally creating a projection of the phosphor film on the phosphor film and setting the half period of the applied electric field to zero potential. Electrons periodically collide with the side surface and emit bright CL, but do not emit light because the electron does not collide with the side surface on the anode side. This fact can be confirmed by visual observation.

  For the purpose of confirming the above discovery, FIG. 14 (C) applies ZnO phosphor particles 28 (without PIP) to the small area at the end of the fluorescent film of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube, and commercially available PL phosphor to the remaining large area. The inner wall surface of the fluorescent discharge tube is covered with a fluorescent film 27 (with PIP) in which particles are arranged. Experimentally, commercially available PL phosphor particles are first applied to the inner wall surface of the glass, dried, and then the binder is incinerated. The fluorescent film on the glass edge is wiped off with a soft cloth, and then applied to the inner surface of the glass where the ZnO phosphor particles 28 are wiped off. Incinerate the binder after drying. By this method, the fluorescent film of FIG. The feature of this fluorescent discharge lamp tube by the fluorescent film is that when the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is lengthened, electrons moving in the Ar gas are strongly affected by PIP as they move away from the electrode end. The central part of the discharge lamp tube becomes dark. In order to make the central portion emit light brightly, the potential applied to the electrode is increased, so that power consumption increases.

  An electron source according to the present invention is installed in this fluorescent film, and electrons close to zero at the initial speed are introduced. The electrons are accelerated where the ZnO phosphor particles 28 are arranged, and have energies that can excite gas atoms. However, the accelerated electrons cannot enter the commercially available phosphor film 27, but enter the gas space by bending the electron trajectory. Electrons entering the gas space collide with the gas atoms inelastically, excite the gas atoms, and turn on the gas space discharge. This phenomenon is the instantaneous lighting of the gas discharge of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. Electrons that have collided inelastically ride on high-frequency waves without disappearing from the gas space, acquire appropriate energy from the high-frequency electric field, and excite the next gas atom by inelastic collisions. Electrons resonating with high-frequency waves propagating in the discharge path move through the discharge tube to the end of the tube while exciting gas atoms by this repetition, and finally combine with ions and disappear. Electrons moving in resonance with high-frequency waves in the fluorescent discharge tube are observed as fluorescent films that emit light with uniform intensity when observed with our eyes.

Electrons moving in the discharge path have energy due to acceleration and collide with gas atoms inelastically. The orbital direction of electrons that collide inelastically is random. Among the electrons scattered in the random direction, there is an electron that has an opportunity to approach the fluorescent film, but since the negative charge of PIP26 exists in the fluorescent film, the electron cannot approach the fluorescent film, and the positive column. Return inside. The range of activity of electrons that emit gas atoms resonating with high-frequency waves is not limited to the entire space of the gas discharge tube, but is limited to the central gas space of the discharge tube that maintains a certain distance from the fluorescent film. That is the positive column housed in the PIP sheath 26. The gas atoms are electrically neutral, are not affected by the electric field or charge, and are distributed at a uniform concentration in the discharge tube. Gas atoms (unexcited gas atoms) are distributed at a uniform concentration between the positive column accommodated in the PIP sheath 26 and the fluorescent film. If the light emitted from the positive column is generated by the electron transition from the excited level of the gas atom to the ground level, the emitted light is allowed to be absorbed by the gas atom. In that case, the light emitted in the positive column is absorbed by the gas atoms interposed between the positive column and the fluorescent film, and the remaining amount reaches the fluorescent film. In the case of a fluorescent discharge lamp, light emission of low-pressure Hg vapor is used. Light emission is an electronic transition from the excited level ⁶ p of Hg to the ground level ⁶ s, and is therefore absorbed by the Hg vapor existing between the positive column and the fluorescent film. Since light is a particle having no charge, it is not affected by PIP, and only the remaining amount absorbed by the Hg vapor existing between the positive column and the fluorescent film reaches the fluorescent film. This corresponds to the case where a phosphor film is made of a calcium halophosphate phosphor. Since the PIP intensity of the calcium halophosphate phosphor film does not change even if the tube diameter is reduced, the diameter of the positive column is reduced. As a result, the fluorescence discharge lamp tube made of the calcium halophosphate phosphor film has a significant decrease in light emission when the tube diameter is reduced. In order to increase the amount of ultraviolet light reaching the fluorescent film with a given fluorescent discharge lamp tube, it is preferable that the fluorescent film is not covered with PIP negative charges. That is, it is better not to make a PIP sheath. Furthermore, the following fact was able to be clarified. Since the phosphor particles are particles having a large light refractive index, a part of the ultraviolet light enters the phosphor particles arranged on the surface layer of the phosphor film, and is directly absorbed by the emission center to emit visible light. The ultraviolet rays reflected by the surface layer particles become scattered light and enter the phosphor particles in the deep part of the phosphor film, so that the phosphor particles in the deep part also emit light. The phosphor film is made with the optimum number of layers.

  Finally, as shown in FIG. 14D, commercially available PL phosphors 27 having PIP and low-voltage CL phosphors 28 not having PIP are alternately arranged on the inner surface of the glass tube. The action of PIP26 was greatly diminished, the ignition of the gas discharge was quick, and the brightness was increased due to the spread of the positive column. Here, it is necessary to select the low voltage CL phosphor 25. The candidates for the low voltage CL phosphor 25 are described above. Not all of these phosphors can be used. Among these phosphors that are commercially available, fine particles of an insulator are adhered to the surface, which is called surface treatment. In other cases, the treatment during the production of the phosphor is insufficient and the residue remains on the particle surface. Electrons irradiated to the phosphor particles by scattering from the positive column enter the phosphor particles, and secondary electrons are emitted from the phosphor particles into the vacuum. At that time, holes are left in the phosphor particles. These holes and secondary electrons combine in a vacuum to form surface-bound electrons (SBE) on the particle surface by the same mechanism as in the case of a metal cathode. When impurities are attached, SBE is also formed on the surface of the impurities. The CL phosphor particles emit light by recombining many holes and electrons that are formed in the phosphor particles upon incidence of electrons at the emission center. When the surface of the CL phosphor particle is clean, SBE on the surface of the CL phosphor particle loses holes in the phosphor particle that is a binding partner by CL emission. The electrons in the vacuum that have lost their counterparts become free electrons, which are accelerated and bend the electron orbit into the positive column, contributing to the discharge. The problem is SBE made on impurities adhering to the particle surface. Equivalent to PIP. Unfortunately, SBE on impurities cannot be erased. For this reason, it is important to select low-voltage CL phosphors. The most reliable low voltage CL phosphor is a ZnO phosphor. Here, the reason why the CL phosphor is brighter than the PL phosphor will be described. The number of electrons and hole pairs created by one incident electron entering the phosphor particle corresponds to the number of inelastic scattering of the incident electrons with the crystal lattice (approximately 1,000). On the other hand, in a PL phosphor particle, one photon can excite only one emission center. This is why CL phosphors are bright.

  FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the state of an optimum fluorescent film made of a mixed powder of low-voltage electron beam-emitting CL phosphor powder and light-emitting PL phosphor powder in the present invention. It is extremely difficult to manufacture a phosphor film by placing the PL phosphor 27 and the low voltage CL phosphor 28 next to each other on the inner wall surface of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube. According to a published paper, Journal Physics D Applied Physics, 32, (1999), pp 513-517 (non-patent document 1), the optimum fluorescent film thickness of FL is made of five layers of phosphor particles. The only particles that can enter the electrons that irradiate the fluorescent film are the particles arranged in the uppermost layer. The scattered ultraviolet rays are not affected by the charge of the particles and enter the fluorescent film. The penetration depth is 5 layers in terms of the number of particle layers. For this reason, when the commercially available phosphor particles 24 are applied to the inner wall surface of the glass tube so as to form five layers, and the low voltage CL phosphor 28 is applied after spraying on the commercially available phosphor layer 27, the present invention is applied. A fluorescent film can be manufactured. FIG. 15A shows a schematic diagram of the phosphor film thus produced.

  Applying the fluorescent film in two steps complicates the work process. A method for producing a phosphor film by single application of phosphor slurry was devised. The average particle size of the commercially available PL phosphor is 4 μm. The particle size of the low voltage CL phosphor is 2 μm. Two types of phosphor powders with different particle diameters are weighed in a ratio by weight of PL phosphor: CL phosphor = 7: 3, and the weighed powder is put in a mixing bottle and mixed until it is evenly mixed. A coating solution is made and applied to the inner wall surface of the discharge tube glass. When the coating solution does not dry, large PL phosphor particles 27 selectively gather near the glass tube wall, and many small CL phosphor particles 28 gather on the surface of the phosphor film, which is shown in FIG. A fluorescent film is obtained. When a fluorescent discharge lamp tube is made using the fluorescent film in FIG. 15B, the CL phosphor particles in the surface layer do not form SBE, so electrons having high energy in the positive column reach the CL phosphor particles. . As a result, the positive column approaches the fluorescent film and emits ultraviolet rays. This ultraviolet light does not intervene with unexcited Hg atoms, and more ultraviolet light enters the PL phosphor layer. As a result, the PL intensity of the fluorescent film increases. Regarding the size of the CL phosphor particles used here, good results were obtained when the average particle diameter of the PL phosphor was 4 μm and the average value was 1 μm to 3 μm. This particle size varies depending on the particle size of the PL phosphor. It should be noted that when the CL phosphor particles are as small as 1 μm or less, the particles are not arranged on the surface of the phosphor film, but gather at the bottom of the phosphor film when the phosphor film is dried, and the effect of the CL phosphor particles is reduced. Furthermore, when CL phosphor particles as small as 1 μm or less are attached to the surface of the PL phosphor particles, even if a slight effect can be expected, it is not comparable to the effect of the phosphor film structure according to the present invention. Then it becomes a big difference.

The important points of the present invention are described below. The outer wall (the outer wall of the glass tube) of the heat insulating tube 22 of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube disposed on the outermost periphery of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is exposed to ambient air having a low temperature. Since there is a considerable temperature difference (over 20 ^° C.) between the glass tube wall heated by Ar gas heated by gas ionization and room temperature, the glass tube wall loses heat due to air convection. When electrons from the third generation electron source were used, the amount of gas ionization per unit time was small, so the temperature of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube did not rise, and it was around 30 ^° C., which is lower than the temperature giving the optimum mercury vapor pressure. . On the other hand, the fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged on the inner side is thermally protected by the fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged on the outer side, the air convection is small, and the outer wall temperature rises from about 45 ^° C. to about 70 ^° C. Since mercury vapor is excited by the same number of electrons to emit light, the number of mercury vapor excitations increases and decreases in proportion to the number of mercury vapor in the tube. When the number of mercury vapor in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is small, it becomes dark, and when the number of mercury vapor is large, it emits bright light. In an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp, a large luminance difference occurs due to a temperature difference, and light emission from the fluorescent discharge lamp tube arranged at the outermost part is dark. In order to keep the outermost fluorescent discharge lamp tube warm, the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is inserted into a slightly thicker glass tube 22 and the end of the glass tube is sealed with a heat insulating material. Is in thermal equilibrium with the internally arranged fluorescent discharge lamp, and all of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp tubes emit light with uniform brightness. As a result, the brightness of the cumulative fluorescent discharge lamp increases by a multiple of the number of integrated fluorescent discharge lamp tubes.

  The above results show that it can be applied to the following fields. An integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is formed by bundling coil electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tubes, and also unpacking them and arranging them on a plane. At this time, each coil electrode type fluorescent discharge lamp tube is inserted into a heat insulating tube (glass tube) having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the discharge lamp tube, and both ends of the glass tube are sealed with a heat insulating material. When insulated from the external air, the temperature of each fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be kept at a temperature that gives the optimum mercury vapor pressure. The ionization energy of the gas necessary for maintaining the temperature at which the optimum mercury vapor pressure is obtained in the fluorescent discharge lamp tube exposed to air is not necessary. As a result, a high-brightness planar light source can be obtained even if the power consumption required for lighting the external electrode fluorescent discharge lamps (EEFL) arranged on a plane is a fraction of a fraction. When this flat light source is used for the LCD backlight, the lighting speed is in milliseconds, so the integrated fluorescent discharge lamps arranged on the plane are divided into several blocks, and each divided integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is Sequential line scanning is possible. When the backlight is divided and line-sequential scanning is performed, the LCD screen is much brighter than when LEDs are used for the backlight, and a clear image is displayed due to the contrast based on the blackness of charcoal. It is. Needless to say, the above-described effects can also be obtained in a fluorescent discharge lamp tube using a phosphor particle layer insulated internal electrode in which phosphor particles, which are electrical insulators, are coated on the surface of the internal electrode to an appropriate thickness. Furthermore, when the integrated fluorescent discharge lamps arranged on a plane are divided into several blocks and each block is caused to emit light sequentially, a planar illumination light source with further reduced lighting power can be obtained.

The length in the tube axis direction of the integrated coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp according to the present embodiment is not limited, and the number of electrons involved in the discharge is the same even if the length is arbitrary, and gas atoms are inelastically collided with gas atoms. Since only the number of repetitions for emitting light increases, the power consumption hardly changes and only the area of the fluorescent film that emits light increases. As a result, only the luminance increases in proportion to the axial length of the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp. It is recommended to use a long integrated fluorescent discharge lamp when it is placed on the ceiling as a lighting source in the living room of a home or office of a high-rise building. The number of fluorescent discharge lamps required to obtain a moderate illuminance is greatly reduced if an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is used. Further, the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can use less than one-tenth of the power consumption of a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp with a metal electrode, including the power of the driving power supply circuit, to obtain the same illuminance. In addition, the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is maintained at a glass tube surface temperature of 50 ^° C. to 70 ^° C. which optimizes the mercury vapor pressure when the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is turned on, but the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp is inserted. Since the outer tube 22 is thermally shielded, the thermal convection of air is suppressed. When the inside of the outer tube is evacuated to a thermos structure, the heat shielding effect is emphasized. It also has the advantage of greatly reducing the cooling power in the summer office.

  When the tube diameter of the fluorescent discharge lamp tube is larger than 20 mm, there is an unexcited Hg gas in the positive column formed in the fluorescent discharge tube, and the result is that the 254 nm ultraviolet light emitted by Hg in the positive column self-absorbs. , Luminous efficiency decreases. For this reason, it is preferable not to use a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a tube diameter of 20 mm or more for the integrated fluorescent discharge lamp. However, the use is not limited, and an integrated fluorescent discharge lamp can be made using a fluorescent discharge lamp tube having a tube diameter of 20 mm or more.

By attaching a base that can be fitted to the socket of a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp lighting device to both ends of the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube described above, it is not necessary to replace the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp lighting device. Convenience that a long-life coil electrode fluorescent lamp can be installed is realized. The power source required for lighting the coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp tube can be reduced in size and can be accommodated in a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp lighting device. The coil electrode fluorescent discharge lamp developed as described above can be lit without replacing the conventional fluorescent discharge lamp tube without using a large construction cost, so its economic effect, resource saving, CO ₂ gas emission An illumination light source capable of greatly suppressing

Claims (12)

A power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp in which a plurality of coil electrode fluorescent lamps are connected in parallel. Each of the coil electrode fluorescent lamps has a PL (Photoluminescence) phosphor on the inner surface of a glass tube sealed at both ends. A fluorescent film formed from a powder mixture of powder and CL (Cathodoluminescence) phosphor powder is formed, the inside of the glass tube is filled with a discharge gas, and coil electrodes are arranged around the outer periphery of both ends of the glass tube. An external coil electrode fluorescent lamp that applies an AC voltage to the coil electrode by an AC power source and causes the discharge gas to emit light to be lit, and the fluorescent film is also applied to the inner surface of the glass tube at a position facing the coil electrode. On the surface of the phosphor film formed, PL (Photoluminescence) phosphor particles and CL (Cathodoluminescence) phosphor particles having a particle diameter similar to that of the PL phosphor particles are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in the tube axis direction. Is arranged, said coil electrode is power-saving high-brightness integrated fluorescent lamp, characterized in that formed an insulated wire coated with an insulating layer around the wire in winding circular. Examples coil electrode fluorescent lamp, the internal electrode with a fluorescent lamp using playback exhausted the life, power-saving high intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 providing the coil electrode to the fluorescent lamp with the internal electrodes. The PL phosphor powder is halo calcium phosphate PL phosphor powder, the CL phosphor powder power saving high intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 or 2 is a CL phosphor powder that emits low electron beam. The power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the PL phosphor powder is a rare earth PL phosphor powder , and the CL phosphor powder is a CL phosphor powder that emits low electron beams. The coil electrode fluorescent lamp, when the number of turns of the coil electrode was n, the primary electric power of the AC power source _W 1n and _{(W), W 1n = a} n + b n × n (a n, b n: Constant ) Is established as an approximate expression, the power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . The coil electrode fluorescent lamp has W _2n = c _n + d _n × n (c _n , d _n : constant) where n is the number of turns of the coil electrode and W _2n (W) is the secondary power of the AC power supply. ) Is established as an approximate expression, the power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 5 . When the number of turns of the coil electrode was n, the primary electric power of the AC power source _W 1n and _{(W), W 1n = a} n + b n × n (a n, b n: constant) is established as an approximate expression , power saving high intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to claim 6 wherein the constants b _n and _{d n} are _b n> _{d n.} When the winding number n is in the range of 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, the primary power is changed when the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) of the electric wire is varied in the range of 0.26 (mm) ≦ d ≦ 1.6 (mm). W _1n the power-saving high-brightness integrated fluorescent lamp according to any one of claims 5-7 with a deviation of the maximum value of the approximate expression 5 (W). When the winding number n is in the range of 1 ≦ n ≦ 10, the primary power is changed when the cross-sectional diameter d (mm) of the electric wire is varied in the range of 0.26 (mm) ≦ d ≦ 1.6 (mm). W _1n the power-saving high-brightness integrated fluorescent lamp according to any one of claims 5-7 having a shift width of the approximate expression of the value and the maximum 0.6 (W). A power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp in which N (natural numbers of 2 or more) coiled electrode fluorescent lamps are connected in parallel, and when the secondary voltage of the AC power supply is applied, 1 of the AC power supply When the next-side power and _{W 1N (W), W 1N} = a N + b N × N (a N, b N: constant) power saving height according to any one of claims 1 to establish the approximate expression 9 Luminance integrated fluorescent lamp. When the secondary side voltage of the AC power source is applied and the secondary power of the AC power source is W _2N (W), W _2N = c _N + d _N × N (c _N , d _N : constant) The power-saving high-intensity integrated fluorescent lamp according to claim 10, which is established as an approximate expression. Low power high brightness integrated fluorescent lamp of claim 11 wherein the constant b _N and _{d N} is _b N> _{d N.}

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