JP5596814B1 - Stairs and concrete blocks for stairs - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a staircase having a shape in which a kicking dimension is ensured, being easily affected by a worker's experience and skill level, easily adapting to a construction in a small area, and capable of reducing a construction period and the staircase Providing concrete blocks for use.
A staircase S1 provided on an outdoor ground, comprising a plurality of concrete blocks 10 arranged in a platform shape, each of the concrete blocks 10 having a rectangular plate-like base 11 and one side of the base From the rectangular plate-shaped kick-up forming portion 12 that rises at a right angle to the base and spreads, and the rectangular plate-like shape that spreads in the same direction as the base from the side opposite to the side of the kick-up forming portion. And a tread leading edge forming portion 13 having a length from the forming portion to the leading end shorter than a length from the kick forming portion to the leading end in the base, and each of the plurality of concrete blocks 10 includes a tread leading edge forming portion 13. The upper surface forms a common plane with the upper surface of the base 11 of the adjacent concrete block.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to stairs and concrete blocks for stairs, and more particularly to stairs and concrete blocks for stairs provided on an outdoor ground.

  Outdoor staircases, for example, the so-called exterior staircases that are provided in the passages from the roads and parking lots downstairs to the entrance to the building upstairs, are constructed concrete blocks (cavity concrete) to ensure durability outdoors. Often called block) or on-site concrete.

  As a structure seen in each step of the staircase, there is a structure having a kick (a kick dimension or a nose protrusion dimension), that is, a structure in which a portion corresponding to the kick board is disposed at a recessed position. In particular, the stairs leading to the entrance of the building affect the impression of the exterior of the building, so it is easy to climb up the stairs and also has a kick-in dimension for the purpose of enhancing the solid feeling by enhancing the three-dimensional effect. There is a high demand for structure.

  The construction method for constructing an outdoor stair includes, for example, a method in which building concrete blocks are arranged side by side in a staircase shape, that is, a platform shape, or a method in which concrete is placed on a ground in a staircase shape, that is, a platform shape. However, it is difficult to form a structure having a kicking dimension (or a nose protruding dimension) only by building concrete blocks or placing concrete. Therefore, a decorative plate made of concrete or stone, for example, is placed on each step of the constructed concrete block or the placed concrete, and the front edge side of the decorative plate, that is, the edge portion on the downstairs side, is placed above the vertical surface of the step. The projecting is performed. The protruding portion of the decorative plate forms the kicking dimension (or the protruding nose dimension) of each step.

  The decorative board used in this method has such a thickness that the protruding portion does not break due to an impact such as a load load or an article drop / collision, and therefore has a weight associated with the thickness. For this reason, in the construction of staircases, when the above-mentioned decorative board is placed on the concrete when the placed concrete is not sufficiently cured, the concrete may be deformed by the weight of the decorative board. In particular, due to the deformation of the concrete, the decorative board is likely to be inclined in a direction in which the near side protruding from the vertical surface of the step sinks downward. In order to prevent such a situation, after placing concrete in the construction of stairs, it is necessary to install a decorative board after a curing period with a margin that can sufficiently ensure the hardening of the concrete. Can not. In particular, if a large amount of concrete is formed to form a staircase, the period until hardening will be prolonged, so the construction period of the entire staircase will be prolonged, and the staircase cannot be used during this period. Become.

  In view of this, there has been proposed a technique for constructing stairs by arranging concrete blocks that have been molded into a U-shape in advance in a staircase shape (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The concrete block shown in Patent Document 1 has a U-shaped cross section, and a horizontal installation portion that is installed on the staircase base and a tread plate portion that is parallel to the installation portion are perpendicular to the rear side. Connected by directional connections. By arranging the U-shaped blocks, a step having a kicking dimension (or a protruding nose dimension) is formed.

Utility Model Registration No. 3086659

  If the concrete block shown by patent document 1 is used, the stairs which have a kick dimension in each step can be constructed. However, when concrete blocks are used, the degree of coupling at each stage tends to be lower than when concrete is placed in a staircase pattern.

  When looking at the tread on each step of the stairs, the maximum value of the load received from the feet of the person going up and down the stairs is often applied to the edge on the near side (that is, downstairs) of the tread. In the case of a staircase formed by arranging blocks having a U-shaped cross section as shown in Patent Document 1, the maximum value of the load is applied to the tip edge portion that is farthest from the connecting portion that spreads in the vertical direction among the tread portions that spread horizontally. It becomes. In this case, the block that has received the maximum load on the edge portion in front of the tread may tilt in the direction in which the load receiving portion sinks locally, i.e., the front portion is centered on the line in the horizontal installation section. There is a risk of rotating to lower. In order to prevent such rotation of the block, it is necessary to cure the base portion on which the block is placed with a sufficient margin so that the near side of the block does not sink due to a local load. As a result, despite the use of blocks, the construction period cannot be shortened. Note that the possibility that the front side of the block sinks and the tread surface tilts also occurs in the configuration described above, in which the building concrete blocks are arranged in a staircase shape and, for example, a decorative plate made of concrete or stone is placed on each step. . In addition, in the construction method using the building concrete block, the quality tends to vary depending on the experience and skill level of the worker in the construction of the foundation structure (concrete thickness, width, bar arrangement, etc.).

  In addition, in the method using the U-shaped block, the stairs can be constructed for each step, but of course, the construction needs to be performed in units of blocks at a minimum. Here, in the block having a U-shaped cross section shown in Patent Document 1, the length that the tread plate portion extends from the connecting portion, that is, the length that extends from the installation portion connecting portion, is adjusted to the tread surface dimension that is the specification of the staircase. There is a need. Further, the tread plate portion needs to have a thickness that does not break due to a load applied to the tread plate portion or an impact such as dropping or collision of an article. The block of Patent Document 1 having such dimensions has a heavy weight per block length (the length of the block corresponding to the staircase effective width in terms of stairs), and is not easily transported or installed. For example, the weight when the length of the block (corresponding to the width of the staircase) is a unit dimension (for example, 300 mm) of a general precast concrete product is so heavy that an operator cannot carry it. As a result, it is necessary to use heavy machinery such as cranes and power shovels for construction. For this reason, the place which can be constructed is limited. In addition, by introducing heavy machinery, construction takes time instead. In addition, when the block length is shortened, the number of blocks arranged in one stage increases, so that the construction period cannot be shortened. Therefore, in the method of constructing stairs using blocks, it has been required to reduce the weight per unit dimension of the blocks as much as possible in order to shorten the construction period.

  The subject of this invention is providing the concrete block for the stairs which can shorten the period concerning construction while ensuring the kicking dimension, and the stairs.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and employs the following configuration.
(1) Stairs provided on the ground outdoors,
A plurality of concrete blocks in which the number corresponding to the number of steps of the staircase is arranged in a tiered shape,
Each of the plurality of concrete blocks is
A rectangular flat base, and
From one side of the base, a rectangular plate-shaped kick-up forming part that rises and spreads at right angles to the base,
The kick-up forming portion has a rectangular flat plate shape extending in the same direction as the base from the side opposite to the side following the base, and the length from the kick-up forming portion to the tip is the kick-up formation at the base. Having a tread leading edge forming part shorter than the length from the part to the tip,
The tread surface leading edge forming portion is disposed in a posture arranged on the base portion, and the top surface of the tread surface leading edge forming portion in the posture forms a common plane with the top surface of the base portion of the adjacent concrete block. Stairs characterized by being placed in position.

  The concrete block provided in the stairs in (1) is a rectangular flat plate-shaped base, a rectangular flat plate-shaped kick-up forming portion that rises at a right angle to the base, and a rectangular flat plate-shaped spread from the kick-up forming portion in the same direction as the base. A tread leading edge forming portion. Therefore, a kicking dimension is secured by the tread front edge forming portion at each step of the staircase constructed by arranging a plurality of the concrete blocks in the shape of a platform. That is, a structure is formed in which the kick-up forming portion corresponding to the kick plate is retracted to a position deeper than the front end of the tread. In this concrete block, the length from the kick-up formation part to the tip at the tread leading edge formation part which is the uppermost part is shorter than the length from the kick-up formation part to the tip at the base part. However, in the stairs in (1), the upper surface of the tread surface leading edge forming portion of the concrete block is arranged at a position forming a common plane with the upper surface of the base portion of the adjacent concrete block. Therefore, a portion corresponding to the tread surface of each step of the staircase is formed by the tread surface leading edge forming portion of the concrete block and the base portion of the adjacent concrete block. For this reason, it is possible to shorten the length of the tread leading edge forming portion while ensuring a sufficient length of the portion corresponding to the tread of each step of the stairs. Therefore, the weight per unit dimension of the concrete block is reduced. Moreover, the load received on one tread is shared by two concrete blocks.

  Here, when a person goes up and down the stairs, the load received from the feet of the person going up and down the stairs tends to be larger at the edge portion on the front side (that is, downstairs side) of the tread than at the back portion. On the other hand, in the staircase in (1), the load applied to the edge on the near side of the tread (that is, the downstairs side) extends from the tread leading edge forming portion in the concrete block, in particular, the kicking forming portion of the tread leading edge forming portion. Hang near the edge of the tip. Since the length from the kick-up formation part to the tip of the tread leading edge forming part of the concrete block is shorter than the length from the kick formation part to the tip at the base part, the tip part of the tread leading edge formation part is closer to the center of the base part. Located directly above the part. For this reason, the load applied to the distal end portion of the tread surface leading edge forming portion is supported by the entire surface of the base portion, not a part of the flat base portion. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a part of the base from sinking due to a large load applied to the edge portion on the near side of the tread, and the load is supported by the entire base. Since the situation where a part of the base part sinks locally is suppressed, the curing period of the base on which the concrete block is placed can be set short. In this way, the stairs in (1) can be transported and installed at the time of construction by reducing the weight of the concrete block itself, so that the construction period of the stairs can be shortened and the use of heavy machinery is required. Because it does not, construction in a narrow area will be easy. Furthermore, since the base curing period can be set short while ensuring the strength against deformation, the construction period can be shortened. Therefore, according to the stairs of (1), it is possible to shorten the period of construction while securing the kicking dimension. Moreover, by using the concrete block of (1), compared with the case where a building concrete block is used, construction becomes easy and the dispersion | variation in quality is also reduced.

  In the present invention, “right angle” and “parallel” include not only a strict right angle but also a substantially right angle and substantially parallel. In the production of a concrete block, it is common to provide a gradient in order to make it easy to remove hardened concrete from a concrete mold. Therefore, in the present invention, the angles of “right angle” and “parallel” include a range of −5% to + 5% unless otherwise specified.

  (2) The length from the kick-up formation portion to the tip of the tread front edge forming portion is not less than 1/4 and not more than 3/4 of the length from the kick-up formation portion to the tip of the base portion. Do (1) stairs.

  The tip part of the tread leading edge forming part that is likely to receive the maximum load from the feet of the person going up and down the stairs is on the center of the base part, that is, on the position of 1/2 of the distance from the kick forming part to the tip of the base part. Ideally. However, the front end portion of the tread leading edge forming portion is closer to the center than the intermediate point from the kick-up forming portion to the center of the base portion, that is, 1/4, and the intermediate point from the center to the front end, ie, 3/4, of the base portion. If it is close to the center, the effect of suppressing local subsidence of a part of the block with respect to the maximum load is high. Therefore, according to the structure of (2), the hardening period of the foundation | substrate on which a concrete block rests can be set shorter, and the period concerning construction is shortened.

  (3) The kick-up formation part has a chamfered part between the base part and a peak at a right angle in cross section with the tread front edge formation part (1) or The stairs in (2).

  In the construction of the staircase, the concrete block is placed on a ground such as crushed stone or mortar that is, for example, granular or powdery. According to the configuration of (3), when the position and posture of the concrete block are adjusted after placing the concrete block, it is easy to insert the granular or powdery body from the chamfered portion of the base, so that the precise position adjustment is possible. Easy to do. On the other hand, there is no chamfered part between the tread leading edge forming part and the kick-up forming part, and a ridge with a right-angled cross section is formed, so the gap generated between the base part of the adjacent concrete block should be minimized. Can do.

  (4) The top surface of the base in a posture in which the tread leading edge forming portion is disposed on the base and the bottom surface of the base is horizontal, and has the same slope as the top surface of the tread leading edge forming portion. The stair according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the staircase is inclined downward toward the tip.

  According to the configuration of (4), by placing a plurality of concrete blocks on the ground with each step arranged horizontally, the tread leading edge forming portion of one concrete block and the upper surface of the base portion of the adjacent concrete block are formed. Form one tread with a continuous slope. Due to this gradient, water on the tread is drained from the top to the front through the tread leading edge forming portion.

(5) It further includes a plurality of covering members provided for each step of the staircase, each having a flat cover plate portion covering an upward surface of the concrete block.
A part of the cover plate part is fixed to the upper part of the tread leading edge forming part of one concrete block, and the remaining part is fixed to the upper part of the base part of the concrete block adjacent to the one concrete block. Any one of stairs characterized by these.

  According to the structure of (5), a cover board part will be arrange | positioned over two concrete blocks adjacent to each other, and will be in the state fixed to these two concrete blocks. Therefore, the load of the person going up and down the stairs is distributed to the two concrete blocks via the cover plate portion, and the two concrete blocks are firmly fixed by the cover plate portion. Therefore, a situation where a part of the base portion sinks locally can be further reliably suppressed.

(6) A concrete block for a staircase in which a number corresponding to the number of steps of the staircase is arranged in a staircase shape in order to constitute a staircase provided on an outdoor ground,
The concrete block for stairs is
A rectangular flat base, and
From one side of the base, a rectangular plate-shaped kick-up forming part that rises and spreads at right angles to the base,
The kick-up forming portion has a rectangular flat plate shape extending in the same direction as the base from the side opposite to the side following the base, and the length from the kick-up forming portion to the tip is the kick-up formation at the base. Having a tread leading edge forming part shorter than the length from the part to the tip,
In a state in which the number of steps according to the number of steps is arranged in a posture in which the tread leading edge forming portion is arranged on the base, the top surface of the tread leading edge forming portion is the top surface of the base of the adjacent concrete block. A concrete block for stairs, which is arranged at a position forming a common plane.

  According to the concrete block for stairs in (6), the weight is reduced and transportation and installation are facilitated, which contributes to shortening the construction period of the stairs, while ensuring the strength of the entire stairs and during construction. Since the curing period of the base can be set short, the construction period can be shortened. Therefore, according to the concrete block for stairs of (6), the period required for construction of the stairs can be shortened while securing the kicking dimension of the stairs. In addition, it is possible to build products that are not affected by the experience and skill level of the workers.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the staircase with which the period concerning construction was shortened, ensuring the kicking dimension, and the concrete block for the staircase can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a staircase structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the concrete block 10 for stairs with which the stairs shown in FIG. 1 are equipped. It is a projection view which shows the external appearance of the concrete block shown in FIG. 2, (A) is a front view, (B) is a right view, (C) is a rear view, (D) is a top view, and (E) is It is a bottom view. It is sectional drawing explaining the influence of the load received from a human foot. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the staircase concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the staircase concerning 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a projection view which shows the external appearance of the concrete block shown in FIG. 6, (A) is a front view, (B) is a right side view, (C) is a rear view, (D) is a plan view, and (E) is It is a bottom view.

  Hereinafter, staircases according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a staircase structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  The staircase S1 shown in FIG. 1 is an external staircase provided on the outdoor ground G. The stairs S1 is provided, for example, in a passage from a downstairs D that is a road or a parking lot to an upstairs U that is an entrance of a building, for example.

  The staircase S1 is made of concrete, and specifically includes a plurality of staircase concrete blocks 10 (10A to 10D) arranged in a platform shape. The number of the concrete blocks 10 is arranged according to the number of steps of the staircase S1, and is installed on the ground G on which the foundation work is performed. The concrete block 10 is an example of a concrete block for stairs in the present invention. The plurality of concrete blocks 10 shown in FIG. 1 all have the same shape. First, the concrete block 10 will be described.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a concrete block 10 for stairs provided in the staircase shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a projection view showing the appearance of the concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 3A is a front view of the concrete block 10, and FIG. 3B is a right side view. 3C is a rear view, FIG. 3D is a plan view, and FIG. 3E is a bottom view.

  The concrete block 10 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is made of concrete. More specifically, the concrete block 10 is made of precast concrete molded in advance using a concrete mold before the stairs S1 (see FIG. 1) is constructed. The reinforcing bars for supporting the structure of the concrete block 10 are arranged inside the concrete block 10, but illustration and description of the reinforcing bars that are the internal structure are omitted.

  The concrete block 10 has a schematic shape that is “J” -shaped in cross-section and side view, and at the stage of constructing the staircase S1 (see FIG. 1), as shown in FIGS. (Or its mirror character) has a general shape of a posture rotated sideways. Hereinafter, the description will be continued assuming that the vertical direction in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 (B) is the vertical direction in the concrete block 10.

  The concrete block 10 is roughly provided with three parts. Specifically, the concrete block 10 includes a base portion 11, a kick-up formation portion 12, and a tread front edge formation portion 13. The base 11 has a rectangular flat plate shape, and is a part that is installed on the ground G (see FIG. 1) on which the foundation work is performed. The kick-up forming portion 12 is a rectangular plate-shaped portion that rises at a right angle to the base and spreads. The tread front edge forming portion 13 is a rectangular flat plate-like portion that extends in the same direction as the base 11 from the side opposite to the side that follows the base 11 of the kick-up forming portion 12 that has a rectangular plate shape. That is, the tread front edge forming portion 13 is disposed to face the base portion 11.

  The length K1 in the staircase S1 (see FIG. 1) is secured by the length L1 (see FIG. 3B) from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 13e in the tread front edge forming portion 13. In other words, a structure is formed in which the kick-up forming portion 12 is recessed deeper than the tip 13e of the tread front edge forming portion 13. The length L1 from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 13e in the tread leading edge forming portion 13, that is, the length L1 from the back surface 12f of the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 13e of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 is the base 11 The length L2 from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 11e, that is, the length L2 from the back surface 12f of the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 11e of the base 11 is shorter. Due to this difference in dimensions, the concrete shape of the concrete block 10 is not a “U” shape or a “U” shape, but a “J” shape. As dimensions of each part of the concrete block 10, various dimensions within a range in which the staircase S1 can be configured can be taken. However, from the viewpoint of the load balance described later, the length L1 from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 13e is preferably ¼ or more of the length L2 from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 11e in the base 11. The length is within a range of 3/4 or less. The lengths L1 and L2 described above are lengths in the direction from the downstairs D portion of the stairs S1 to the upstairs U portion in the plan view of the stairs S1.

  The tread front edge forming portion 13 is disposed to face the base 11, but the top surfaces 13 t and 11 t of the tread front edge forming portion 13 and the base 11 are provided with gradients. That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 (A) to (C), the posture of the concrete block 10 in which the tread front edge forming portion 13 is disposed on the base 11 and the lower surface 11b of the base 11 is horizontal. The upper surface 11t of the base 11 is inclined downward toward the tip 11e of the base 11. That is, the base 11 has a shape in which the thickness gradually decreases from the tread leading edge forming portion 13 toward the tip. And the upper surface 11t of the base 11 has the same gradient as the upper surface 13t of the tread front edge forming portion 13. The slope of the upper surface 11t of the base portion 11 and the slope of the upper surface 13t of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 are set by water drainage in the staircase S1 (see FIG. 1) and a horizontal interval when a person goes up and down. A range of 0.5% or more and 3% or less is preferable. In addition, since both the base 11 and the tread leading edge forming portion 13 have a shape in which the thickness gradually decreases from the tread leading edge forming portion 13 toward the tip, the concrete block 10 can be easily taken out from the mold. In addition, the upper surface 11t of the base 11 and the upper surface 13t of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 are subjected to a roughening process by blasting in order to improve anti-slip and aesthetic appearance. However, roughening may be omitted depending on the specifications.

  On the outer surface of the concrete block 10 having a “J” shape, the kick-up forming part 12 has a chamfered part 12 m between the base part 11 and the cross section perpendicular to the tread front edge forming part 13. It is the peak 12s. That is, on the outside of the concrete block 10, a slope of the chamfered portion 12 m is provided at a portion where the kick-up forming portion 12 and the base portion 11 are connected. On the other hand, a chamfered portion is not formed at a portion where the kick-up forming portion 12 and the tread leading edge forming portion 13 are connected to the outside of the concrete block 10. In addition, the surface of the tip 11 e extending from the kick-up formation portion 12 of the base 11 and the back surface 12 f facing the opposite side of the base 11 in the kick-up formation portion 12 are formed in parallel. More specifically, the back surface 12f of the kick-up forming portion 12 is perpendicular to the lower surface 11b of the base portion 11, and the surface of the tip 11e of the base portion 11 is also perpendicular to the lower surface 11b of the base portion 11.

  Here, referring also to FIG. 1 again, the concrete block 10 in the staircase S1 will be described. Each of the four concrete blocks 10 shown in FIG. 1 has the above-described configuration, and has the same arrangement relationship with the adjacent concrete blocks, but in order to distinguish each position. Reference numerals of 10A to 10D are given.

  As a method of constructing the staircase S1 shown in FIG. 1, first, the ground G on which the concrete block 10 is placed is pretreated. For example, a pebble represented by a crushed stone having a size of about C-40 is laid on the ground, the height of the step is adjusted, and the hardener is placed between the pebble. The curing agent is, for example, empty mortar, but other than mortar, for example, resin may be used. Further, the pebbles and the curing agent may be laid after being mixed in advance. Next, water is sprinkled on the laid pebbles and the lowermost concrete block 10A is carried and placed, and the position is adjusted. In the case of resin, watering is unnecessary. The ground G containing pebbles under the concrete block 10A is hardened by the reaction of the hardener with water. By repeating the same operation toward the upper floor U and arranging the concrete blocks 10 </ b> A to 10 </ b> D in a platform shape, the stairs S <b> 1 shown in FIG. 1 is completed.

  In the staircase S <b> 1 shown in FIG. 1, each of the concrete blocks 10 </ b> A to 10 </ b> D is arranged in a posture with the tread front edge forming portion 13 on the base 11. Here, as an example, when focusing on the lowermost concrete block 10A and the concrete block 10B adjacent thereto, these concrete blocks 10A and 10B are such that the surface of the tip 11e of the base 11 of the concrete block 10B is the surface of the concrete block 10A. It arrange | positions so that it may contact | abut on the back surface 12f of the kick-up formation part 12. FIG. The concrete blocks 10A and 10B are arranged such that the tread leading edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A extends beyond the base 11 of the concrete block 10B. Furthermore, in the part which the surface of the front-end | tip 11e of the base 11 of concrete block 10B and the back surface 12f of the kick-up formation part 12 of concrete block 10A oppose, these upper ends are arrange | positioned at the same height. That is, in the portion where the surface of the tip 11e of the base 11 of the concrete block 10B and the back surface 12f of the kick-up forming portion 12 of the concrete block 10A face each other, the upper surface 13t of the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A is adjacent to the concrete. It is located at the same height as the upper surface 11t of the base 11 of the block 10B. That is, the upper surface 13t of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A is disposed at a position (so-called flush) that forms a common plane with the upper surface 11t of the base 11 of the adjacent concrete block 10B. Here, this common plane forms a tread surface F1. As a result, the tread surface F1 of one step of the staircase S1 is formed by the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A and the base portion 11 of the adjacent concrete block 10B. For this reason, the concrete block 10 according to the present embodiment can reduce the length L1 (see FIG. 3) in the tread leading edge forming portion 13 while ensuring a sufficient length of the tread surface F1 of each step of the staircase. it can. As a result, the weight per unit dimension of the concrete block 10 is reduced. Moreover, the load received on one tread surface F1 is shared by the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B. Therefore, since the load shared by each of the concrete blocks 10A and 10B is halved, the subsidence of the concrete blocks 10A and 10B when the strength of the ground is insufficient is suppressed. The positional relationship between the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B is the same for the remaining concrete blocks 10B to 10D.

  In the staircase S1 shown in FIG. 1, the load is shared by the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B when the foot of the person going up and down the staircase S1 is in a region near the center of the tread surface F1. However, the load received from the feet of the person going up and down the stairs S1 tends to be larger at the edge portion on the front side (that is, downstairs D side) of the tread surface F1 than at the back portion (that is, upstairs U side).

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the influence of a load received from a human foot. 4A is a part of the staircase S1 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4B is a comparative example as a reference.

  In the comparative example shown in FIG. 4B, the base portion 91 of the concrete blocks 90A and 90B constituting the stairs and the upper surface portion 93 corresponding to the tread front edge forming portion 13 referred to in the present embodiment have the same length. Have. That is, the concrete blocks 90A and 90B in the comparative example are “U” -shaped concrete blocks. In the concrete blocks 90A and 90B in the comparative example, the length of the base portion 91 and the length of the upper surface portion 93 are the same, so that the tread surface F9 of each step is formed by only one concrete block 90A. For this reason, there is no load sharing by the two concrete blocks 90A and 90B. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, when a large load is applied to the edge portion on the near side (that is, downstairs side) of the tread, the force of this load is the base portion that supports the load of the concrete block 90A on the ground. It reaches the front end portion on the near side of 91. The concrete block 90 </ b> A that receives a load on the tip portion of the base portion 91 may be tilted in a direction in which only the load-receiving portion sinks locally, that is, the front side portion is lowered with the axis included in the base portion 91 as the rotation center. There is a risk of rotation. In order to prevent such rotation of the concrete block 90A, it is necessary to harden the base portion on which the concrete block 90A is placed with sufficient margin so that the near side of the concrete block 90A does not sink due to a local load. As a result, despite the use of the concrete block 90A, the period required for the construction of the stairs will be long.

  On the other hand, in the staircase S1 partially shown in FIG. 4A, the load applied to the edge on the near side (that is, the downstairs side) of the tread F1 is the tread leading edge forming portion 13 in the concrete block 10A, particularly in front of the tread. The edge forming portion 13 is hung near the edge of the tip 13e extending from the kick-up forming portion 12. Here, the length L1 (see FIG. 3) from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 13e in the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A is the length L2 (see FIG. 3) from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 11e in the base 11. 3), the front end portion of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 is located directly above the central portion of the base portion 11. For this reason, the load applied to the front end portion of the tread surface leading edge forming portion 13 is supported by the entire surface of the base portion 11, not a part of the flat plate-like base portion 11. Therefore, a part of the base portion 11 does not sink due to a large load applied to the edge portion on the near side of the tread F1, and the load is supported by the entire base portion 11. Since a situation in which a part of the base 11 sinks locally is suppressed, it is possible to set the curing period of the base on which the concrete block 10A is placed relatively short. Here, the tip portion of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 that is likely to receive the maximum load from the feet of the person going up and down the stairs is the center C of the base portion 11 (see FIG. 3B), that is, the kicking up of the base portion 11 Ideally, it is on a position that is half the distance from the forming portion 12 to the tip 11e. However, the portion of the tip 13e of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 is closer to the center than the intermediate point from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the center C in the base 11, that is, 1/4, and from the center C to the tip in the base 11 If it is nearer to the center than 3/4, ie, 3/4, the effect of suppressing local subsidence of a part of the concrete block 10A with respect to the maximum load is high.

Further, as shown in comparison with FIGS. 4A and 4B, in the concrete blocks 10A and 10B according to the present embodiment, the tread F1 is adjacent to the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A. Therefore, the length of the tread front edge forming portion 13 is shorter than the concrete blocks 90A and 90B of the comparative example. Therefore, the concrete blocks 10A and 10B according to the present embodiment can be easily transported and installed during construction by reducing the weight. In a normal staircase, between the tread dimension D of the treads F1 and F9 and the lift dimension H,
2H + D = 600mm
The concrete block is also required to have a dimension along this standard. For example, in the base 11 of the concrete block 10, the length L2 (see FIG. 3B) from the kick-up forming portion 12 to the tip 11e is 300 mm, and the length of the concrete block 10 (corresponding to the width in the stairs) is The weight in the case of 300 mm, which is a unit dimension of a general precast concrete product, can be kept within a range that can be transported manually by an operator. According to the staircase S1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to shorten the construction period by facilitating transportation and installation at the time of construction, and it is also easy to perform construction in a narrow area and modification according to the situation at the site. Furthermore, since the base curing period can be set short while ensuring the strength against deformation, the construction period can be shortened.

  With reference to FIG. 1 again, the concrete blocks 10A to 10D in the staircase S1 will be described. The tread surface F1 of the staircase S1 is formed by the tread surface leading edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A and the base portion 11 of the adjacent concrete block 10B. Here, as described with reference to FIG. 3, the upper surface 11 t of the base 11 is inclined downward toward the tip 11 e of the base 11 in a posture in which the lower surface 11 b of the base 11 is horizontal. Further, the upper surface 11t of the base portion 11 has the same gradient as the upper surface 13t of the tread front edge forming portion 13. The upper surface 11t of the base 11 is inclined downward toward the tip 11e of the base 11. Therefore, when the concrete blocks 10A and 10B are installed so that the lower surface 11b of each base portion 11 is horizontal, the upper surface 13t of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A and the tread leading edge forming of the concrete block 10B are formed. The tread surface F1 having a continuous gradient is formed by the upper surface 13t of the portion 13. Since the tread F1 is inclined downward toward the downstairs D, the upper water is drained to the downstairs D without staying on the tread F1. The inclination of the tread surface F1 is realized by leveling the ground on which the concrete blocks 10A and 10B are placed, so as not to adjust the ground so as to be inclined, but to be horizontal. Therefore, it is not necessary to form a specific slope in the ground leveling, so that the construction is easy.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the portion where the kick-up forming portion 12 and the tread leading edge forming portion 13 are connected to each other outside the concrete block 10 is not formed with a chamfered portion, and forms a ridge 12s having a right-angle cross section. ing. In addition, the surface of the tip 11 e extending from the kick-up formation portion 12 of the base 11 and the back surface 12 f facing the opposite side of the base 11 in the kick-up formation portion 12 are formed in parallel. For this reason, since the groove | channel and clearance gap between the kick-up formation part 12 of 10 A of concrete blocks and the base 11 of adjacent concrete block 10B can be made small, it is not necessary to fill a mortar etc. in a groove | channel. Moreover, since the joint of the tread F1 is thin, it is excellent in aesthetics.

  On the other hand, on the outside of the concrete block 10, a chamfered portion 12m (see FIG. 3) is formed at a portion where the base 11 and the tread front edge forming portion 13 are connected. In the construction of the stairs S1, the concrete block 10A is placed on a base made of crushed stone and mortar that are granular and powdery bodies. After placing the concrete block 10A, when adjusting the position and posture of the concrete block 10A, it is easy to insert a granular or powdery body from the chamfered portion 12m (see FIG. 3) of the base, so the precise position is adjusted. Cheap.

[Second Embodiment]
In the first embodiment described above, the form in which the concrete block 10 is exposed on the tread surface of the staircase S1 has been described. However, the staircase of the present invention may have a structure in which the concrete block is covered with another member. Next, the staircase of the second embodiment in which the concrete block is covered with another member will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a staircase structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  The staircase S2 of the present embodiment differs from the staircase S1 of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1 in that it further includes a covering member, and the other points are the same as the staircase S1 of the first embodiment. It is. Therefore, elements common to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment or omitted, and portions different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  The staircase S2 illustrated in FIG. 5 includes a plurality of covering members 20 (20A to 20D) provided for each step of the staircase S2 in addition to the concrete block 10 (10A to 10D). The covering member 20 is a decorative board that forms the exterior of the staircase S2. The covering member 20 is made of, for example, concrete, and is made of, for example, colored concrete mixed with pebbles for the purpose of improving anti-slip and aesthetic appearance. However, as the material of the covering member 20, other than concrete, for example, natural stone, tile, or reinforced resin can be used.

  Each of the covering members 20 has a flat cover plate portion 21 that covers an upward surface of the concrete block 10. More specifically, each of the covering members 20 includes a covering plate portion 21 and a nose covering portion 22. The covering nose covering part 22 is a part covering the tip 13e of the tread front edge forming part 13 of the concrete block 10. The cover plate portion 21 has a rectangular flat plate shape, and the nose cover portion 22 has a rectangular flat plate shape extending from one side of the cover plate portion 21 at a right angle. That is, the covering member 20 is an “L” -shaped member including the nose covering portion 22 and the covering plate portion 21. A portion of the covering member 20 that faces the concrete block 10 is fixed to the concrete block 10 entirely through a mortar (not shown) as an adhesive.

  The cover plate portion 21 of the cover member 20 covers the tread surface of each step referred to in the staircase S1 of the first embodiment, and forms the tread surface F2 of the staircase S2 in the present embodiment. Here, paying attention to one concrete block 10A among the plurality of concrete blocks 10, a part of the cover plate portion 21 is fixed to the upper portion of the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 10A. The remaining part of the part 21 is fixed to the upper part of the base 11 of the concrete block 10B adjacent to the concrete block 10A. That is, the cover plate portion 21 is disposed over the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B adjacent to each other and is fixed to the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B. Therefore, the load of the person going up and down the stairs is distributed to the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B via the cover plate part 21. Furthermore, the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B are firmly fixed to each other by the cover plate portion 21. For this reason, according to the stairs S2 of this embodiment, the situation where a part of concrete block 10A, 10B sinks locally with a load is suppressed more reliably. The relationship between the other concrete blocks 10B to 10D in the present embodiment and the covering member 20 disposed thereon is also the same as in the case of the two concrete blocks 10A and 10B.

  The second embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, although the cover member 20 has been described as having the cover plate portion 21 and the nose cover portion 22 in the second embodiment, for example, the cover member does not include the nose cover portion and is a flat plate made of only the cover plate portion. A shaped member may be used.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although concrete block 10 demonstrated providing the base 11, the kick-up formation part 12, and the tread front edge formation part 13, the concrete block of this invention was provided with parts other than these. It may be a thing. Subsequently, a third embodiment of the present invention in which an illumination guard is provided will be described. In the following embodiments, the same components as those in the above-described embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals or omitted, and differences from the above-described embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a staircase structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 7 is a projected view showing the appearance of the concrete block shown in FIG. 6, (A) is a front view, (B) is a right side view, (C) is a rear view, (D) is a plan view, And (E) is a bottom view.

  The concrete block 30 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is provided with an illumination guard 34 on the surface facing the base 11 of the kick-up forming portion 12. The illumination guard 34 is bent from the edge of the tip 13 e of the tread surface leading edge forming portion 13, that is, the edge opposite to the kick-up forming portion 12, and protrudes toward the base 11. The illumination guard 34 is a ridge extending in the width direction of the staircase S3. The base 11, the kick-up forming part 12, the tread front edge forming part 13, and the illumination guard 34 are integrally formed.

  An illuminator L is provided on the staircase S3 illustrated in FIG. The illuminator L is, for example, an LED. The illuminator L is disposed between the lighting guard 34 of each concrete block 30 (30A, 30B, 30C, 30D) and the kick-up forming portion 12. In the present embodiment, the illuminator L is attached to the surface of the illumination guard 34 that faces the kick-up forming portion 12.

  In the staircase S3 shown in FIG. 6, each of the covering members 40 (40A, 40B, 40C, 40D) includes a flat cover plate 41 that covers the upward surface of the concrete block 10, and the cover plate 41. A separate nose cover plate 42 is provided. Each of the cover plate 41 and the nose cover plate 42 has a rectangular flat plate shape. Each of the cover plate 41 and the nose cover plate 42 is a flat plate of a concrete secondary product to which, for example, tile, natural stone, or makeup is applied. In addition, reinforced resin can be used. The cover plate 41 covers the tread surface of each step referred to as the staircase S1 of the first embodiment, and forms the tread surface F2 of the staircase S3 in the present embodiment. A part of the cover plate 41 is fixed to the upper portion of the tread leading edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 30A, and the remaining portion of the cover plate 41 is placed on the upper portion of the base portion 11 of the concrete block 30B adjacent to the concrete block 30A. It is fixed. That is, the cover plate 41 is disposed over the two concrete blocks 30A and 30B adjacent to each other, and is fixed to the two concrete blocks 30A and 30B. The cover plate 41 is not covered by the cover plate 41 in the upper side of the base 11 of the concrete block 30 </ b> B, that is, the upper side of the concrete block 30 </ b> B, and is covered with pebbles such as gravel. Yes. The concrete block 30 </ b> B is also hidden behind the pebbles and cannot be seen on the surface. As a result, a standard product formed based on a standard tread surface dimension (for example, 300 mm) can be used as the cover plate 41. The nosing cover plate 42 covers the front end 13e of the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the concrete block 30, that is, the front of the exceptional nosing.

  The illuminator L illuminates a tread surface F2, particularly a portion below the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the tread surface F2. The illuminator L is disposed on the side of the kick-up forming portion 12 with respect to the lighting guard 34, that is, on the upper floor portion of the lower surface of the tread front edge forming portion 13. The lighting guard 34 prevents a human foot or object from coming into contact with the illuminator L. The illumination guard 34 reliably prevents the light from the illuminator L from being applied to the nose cover plate 42 at the tip 13e of the tread leading edge forming portion 13. The illuminator L brightly illuminates the lower part of the tread front edge forming portion 13 of the tread F2 and at the same time forms a shade on the nose cover plate 42, thereby producing a strong contrast. Therefore, for example, even a person with relatively weak visual acuity, such as an elderly person, can easily determine the shape of each step, so that the staircase can be made barrier-free. It also improves the aesthetics of the stairs.

  Further, since the illumination guard 34 is bent from the end edge of the tip 13e of the tread front edge forming portion 13 and extends toward the base portion 11, the vertical dimension of the nose of each step is increased by the amount of the illumination guard 34. ing. For this reason, joining of the nose cover board 42 becomes stronger. Further, the catch of the foot is suppressed and the profound feeling of the staircase S3 is increased.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the illuminator L is attached to the illumination guard 34 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The illuminator L may be disposed on a surface of the tread front edge forming portion 13 that faces the base portion 11. Moreover, the concrete block of this invention may be provided with the groove | channel and through-hole for arrange | positioning the electric wire which supplies electric power to an illuminator.

  Moreover, although embodiment mentioned above demonstrated the example with which the illuminator L was attached, this invention is not limited to this. For example, the illuminator may be attached to the concrete block having the configuration described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and the illuminator is attached to the concrete block having the configuration described in the third embodiment. It does not have to be.

  In the above-described third embodiment, the example in which each of the covering members 40 includes the separate cover plate 41 and the nose cover plate 42 is described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The staircase having the concrete block described in the third embodiment may include a covering member having the structure described in the second embodiment.

S1, S2, S3 Stairs 10, 30 (10A to 10D, 30A to 30D) Concrete block 11 Base 11t Upper surface 11b Lower surface 11e Tip 12 Kick-up forming portion 12m Chamfered portion 13 Tread surface leading edge forming portion 13t Upper surface 13e Tip 34 Lighting guard 20, 40 Cover member 21 Cover plate portion 22 Nose cover portion 41 Cover plate 42 Nose cover plate F1, F2 Tread surface G Ground L Illuminator

Claims (6)

A staircase on the ground outdoors,
A plurality of concrete blocks in which the number corresponding to the number of steps of the staircase is arranged in a tiered shape,
Each of the plurality of concrete blocks is
A rectangular flat base, and
From one side of the base, a rectangular plate-shaped kick-up forming part that rises and spreads at right angles to the base,
The kick-up forming portion has a rectangular flat plate shape extending in the same direction as the base from the side opposite to the side following the base, and the length from the kick-up forming portion to the tip is the kick-up formation at the base. Having a tread leading edge forming part shorter than the length from the part to the tip,
The tread surface leading edge forming portion is disposed in a posture arranged on the base portion, and the top surface of the tread surface leading edge forming portion in the posture forms a common plane with the top surface of the base portion of the adjacent concrete block. Stairs characterized by being placed in position.   The length from the kick-up formation part to the tip of the tread front edge forming part is ¼ or more and 3/4 or less of the length from the kick-up formation part to the tip of the base part. The staircase according to 1.   The said kick-up formation part has a chamfering part between the said base part, and comprised the peak of a cross-section at right angles with the said tread surface front edge formation part, The Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Stairs.   The top surface of the base in a posture in which the tread leading edge forming portion is disposed on the base and the bottom surface of the base is leveled is the same gradient as the top surface of the tread leading edge forming portion and is directed toward the tip of the base. The staircase according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the staircase is inclined downward. A plurality of covering members provided for each step of the staircase, further comprising a flat cover plate portion covering an upward surface of the concrete block;
A part of the cover plate part is fixed to the upper part of the tread leading edge forming part of one concrete block, and the remaining part is fixed to the upper part of the base part of the concrete block adjacent to the one concrete block. The staircase according to claim 4 .
In order to constitute a staircase provided on the outdoor ground, a concrete block for staircases in which the number corresponding to the number of steps of the staircase is arranged in a stairs shape,
The concrete block for stairs is
A rectangular flat base, and
From one side of the base, a rectangular plate-shaped kick-up forming part that rises and spreads at right angles to the base,
The kick-up forming portion has a rectangular flat plate shape extending in the same direction as the base from the side opposite to the side following the base, and the length from the kick-up forming portion to the tip is the kick-up formation at the base. Having a tread leading edge forming part shorter than the length from the part to the tip,
In a state in which the number of steps according to the number of steps is arranged in a posture in which the tread leading edge forming portion is arranged on the base, the top surface of the tread leading edge forming portion is the top surface of the base of the adjacent concrete block. A concrete block for stairs, which is arranged at a position forming a common plane.

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