JP5585621B2 - Power supply for vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle power supply device that is mounted on an electric vehicle such as a hybrid car and supplies electric power to a motor that drives the vehicle, and more particularly to a vehicle power supply device that forcibly cools a battery.

In a vehicle power supply device, a large number of unit cells are connected in series to increase output voltage and output power. Since this power supply device is charged and discharged with a large current, the temperature of the battery rises. In addition, since the battery is used in an extremely high temperature environment, it is necessary to cool the battery forcibly. The power supply device mounted on the current hybrid car cools the battery by forcibly blowing cooling air with a fan. Since the power supply device with this structure cools the battery via air, it is difficult to quickly cool the battery when the battery temperature rises abnormally. Moreover, since air with a small heat capacity is blown and cooled, it is difficult to cool a large number of batteries to a uniform temperature. As a power supply device that solves this drawback, a vehicle power supply device has been developed that has a structure in which a cooling passage is provided around a battery case and an antifreeze liquid is allowed to flow through the cooling passage to cool the battery case. (See Patent Document 1)
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-199139

  The power supply device described in Patent Document 1 has a drawback that a large number of batteries cannot be uniformly cooled so as to prevent temperature unevenness. A battery pack of a power supply device for a vehicle has a large number of batteries connected in series. In this power supply device, the temperature difference of the battery causes an unbalance of the electrical characteristics. The imbalance of electrical properties shortens battery life. This is because the charging / discharging efficiency changes depending on the temperature to make the capacity unbalanced, and furthermore, the battery that has become smaller due to the unbalanced capacity is accelerated and deteriorated. A battery having a reduced capacity due to deterioration is likely to be overcharged and overdischarged, and this state accelerates the deterioration. This is because the battery is further deteriorated by overcharge and overdischarge. For this reason, it is extremely important for a power supply device for a vehicle having a large number of batteries to reduce the temperature difference between the batteries. In particular, battery life is significantly shortened by temperature differences.

  Further, since the power supply device for a vehicle stores a large number of batteries close to each other and accommodates them in a case, if one of the batteries is thermally runaway, this thermal runaway is likely to be induced in the adjacent battery. This is because a battery that is heated to a high temperature due to thermal runaway heats the adjacent battery by radiant heat or heat conduction. In particular, in a power supply device using a lithium ion secondary battery as the battery, the temperature of the battery becomes extremely high due to thermal runaway, so it is important to prevent induction of thermal runaway. The structure in which the plastic partition is provided between the batteries can block the radiant heat by the partition. However, when the temperature of the battery that has runaway is extremely high, the plastic partition is damaged by the heat of the battery. For this reason, it is difficult to reliably prevent the induction of all thermal runaway with a plastic partition wall.

  The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving such drawbacks. An important object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device for a vehicle that can cool each battery efficiently and uniformly to reduce the battery temperature difference and effectively prevent deterioration of the battery due to the temperature difference.

  Furthermore, another important object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device for a vehicle that can reliably prevent induction of thermal runaway of a battery and improve safety.

The vehicle power supply device of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above-described object.
A power supply device for a vehicle includes a battery that supplies electric power to a motor that drives the vehicle, and a cooling mechanism that cools the battery. A battery block in which a plurality of batteries are arranged in a stacked state, and an insulating cooling spacer that insulates and cools a battery that is sandwiched between opposed surfaces of adjacent batteries. Insulating and cooling spacer is provided with a coolant passage of the watertight, the coolant passage is connected to the cooling mechanism, the insulating cooling spacer with a cooling fluid supplied from a cooling mechanism has been cooled, the surface of the insulating and cooling spacer Are formed with protrusions along the coolant passage, and end plates are disposed at both ends of the battery block. The pair of end plates are connected to a fixing bar to sandwich the battery block.

Power supply for a vehicle according to claim 2 of the present invention, a portion of the coolant passage, the curved passage that is formed. According to a third aspect of the present invention, a plurality of concave portions are formed in the end face plate.

  The power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention can cool a large number of prismatic batteries constituting the assembled battery extremely efficiently and uniformly to reduce the battery temperature difference. For this reason, the deterioration by the temperature difference of a battery can be decreased and a lifetime can be lengthened. In a power supply device for a vehicle, it is extremely important to lengthen the battery life. This is because an assembled battery for running a vehicle is required to have a large output and is extremely large and expensive. In the present invention, an insulating cooling spacer for cooling while insulating adjacent rectangular batteries is sandwiched between a plurality of stacked rectangular batteries, and a cooling liquid passage is provided in the insulating cooling spacer. Is connected to the cooling mechanism. The cooling mechanism supplies the coolant to the coolant passage to cool the insulating cooling spacer. The cooled insulating cooling spacer cools the opposing surface of the prismatic battery. The present invention realizes a feature of efficiently cooling each battery with a unique structure in which square batteries are stacked and an insulating cooling spacer sandwiched between them is cooled with a coolant. In particular, since insulating cooling spacers are arranged between the opposing surfaces of adjacent square batteries, a large assembled battery is formed by stacking a large number of batteries, while efficiently dissipating the heat inside the assembled battery, which is the most difficult to cool. Thus, a large number of prismatic batteries can be cooled to a uniform temperature. Also, since the insulating cooling spacer is efficiently cooled with a coolant having a specific heat and heat capacity larger than that of air, and the insulating cooling spacer is sandwiched between adjacent square batteries, the insulating cooling spacer and the square battery Can be placed in contact with a wide area and placed in an ideal thermal coupling state. For this reason, the insulating cooling spacer efficiently cools the inside of the prismatic battery uniformly as compared with a structure in which air is blown into the gap between the prismatic batteries.

  Furthermore, the power supply device for a vehicle of the present invention also realizes a feature that can effectively prevent the thermal runaway of the rectangular battery constituting the assembled battery and improve safety. This is because an insulating cooling spacer that cools while insulating is sandwiched between the stacked rectangular batteries, and the adjacent rectangular batteries are insulated and isolated in a cooled state by the insulating cooling spacer. In this cooling structure, even if one of the square batteries is thermally runaway and heated to a high temperature, the coolant with a large specific heat supplied to the coolant passage of the insulating cooling spacer is efficiently cooled to induce thermal runaway. To prevent. In particular, an insulating cooling spacer is provided in the gap of the prismatic battery to forcibly cool the prismatic battery, so that it is not necessary to provide a gap to cool with air. Insulating cooling spacers can be arranged in close contact with each other in the gaps of the square batteries. In this structure, the heat of the square battery which has run out of heat does not heat the adjacent square battery with radiant heat. The square battery that has run out of heat heats the adjacent square battery by heat conduction. However, in the power supply device of the present invention, an insulating cooling spacer that supplies a coolant having a large specific heat and a large heat capacity to the coolant passage is disposed between the prismatic batteries. The insulating cooling spacer absorbs the heat of the battery in which the cooling liquid supplied to the cooling liquid passage is thermally runaway, and efficiently cools it with an external cooling mechanism. For this reason, the thermal runaway of the battery does not induce the thermal runaway of the adjacent battery.

It is a schematic block diagram of the power supply device for vehicles concerning one Example of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the assembled battery of the power supply device for vehicles shown in FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the assembled battery shown in FIG. It is a partially expanded sectional view which shows the laminated structure of a square battery and an insulation cooling spacer. It is a perspective view of an insulation cooling spacer. It is an expanded sectional view showing other examples of an insulation cooling spacer. It is an expanded sectional view showing other examples of an insulation cooling spacer. It is a perspective view which shows another example of an insulation cooling spacer. It is an expanded sectional view of the insulation cooling spacer shown in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the power supply device for vehicles concerning the other Example of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below exemplifies a vehicle power supply device for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the vehicle power supply device as follows.

  Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

  The power supply device for a vehicle shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1 is mainly suitable for the power supply of an electric vehicle such as a hybrid car that runs with both an engine and a motor and an electric vehicle that runs with only a motor. However, it can be used for vehicles other than hybrid cars and electric vehicles, and can also be used for applications requiring high output other than electric vehicles.

  The power supply device shown in the figure includes an assembled battery 1 that supplies electric power to a motor that drives a vehicle, and a cooling mechanism 2 that cools the assembled battery 1.

  2 and 3 show the assembled battery 1. The assembled battery 1 in these drawings insulates a plurality of prismatic batteries 3 arranged in a stacked state from each other with a predetermined gap and the adjacent square batteries 3 sandwiched between the gaps of the square batteries 3. And an insulating cooling spacer 4 for cooling.

  The square battery 3 is a lithium ion secondary battery. However, the prismatic battery may be a rechargeable battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a nickel cadmium battery, or a fuel cell. The square battery 3 has a metal outer can 3a made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The metal outer can 3a is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode or not connected thereto. The outer can connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode has the same potential as the positive electrode or the negative electrode, and the outer can that is not connected to the positive or negative electrode has an intermediate potential between the positive and negative electrodes. The assembled battery 1 in which the prismatic batteries 3 made of the metal outer can 3a are stacked and connected in series has a potential difference between the adjacent outer cans 3a. Therefore, the assembled battery 1 insulates and laminates the adjacent rectangular batteries 3. The square battery 3 shown in FIG. 4 has an insulating coating 6 on the surface. The insulating coating 6 is provided by a plastic shrink tube or insulating paint. In the power supply device of the present invention, the adjacent square batteries 3 are insulated by the insulating cooling spacers 4 and stacked, so it is not always necessary to insulate the surface of the outer can 3a. However, the structure in which the square battery 3 that insulates the surface of the outer can 3a is insulated by the insulating cooling spacer 4 sandwiched therebetween can insulate the adjacent square batteries 3 in an ideal state.

The illustrated square battery 3 is a thin square battery 3 that is thinner than the width. The thin prismatic battery 3 can increase the contact area with the insulating cooling spacer 4 by increasing the area of the facing surface 3A with respect to the internal volume. For this reason, it can cool efficiently with the insulating cooling spacer 4. Further, in the illustrated rectangular battery 3, positive and negative electrode terminals 5 are projected from the upper end surface. The prismatic batteries 3 arranged adjacent to each other are connected in series with each other by connecting a bus bar made of a metal plate to the positive and negative electrode terminals 5 although not shown.

  The assembled battery 1 is formed as a battery block 7 by stacking a plurality of prismatic batteries 3 so that there is a gap between them. In this battery block 7, an insulating cooling spacer 4 is sandwiched between gaps between the square batteries 3. The insulating cooling spacer 4 is sandwiched between the opposing surfaces 3A of the adjacent rectangular batteries 3 and cools the adjacent rectangular batteries 3 while being separated into an insulating state. The battery block 7 in which the square batteries 3 are stacked is fixed by being sandwiched between the end face plates 8 at both ends. The pair of end face plates 8 are connected to the fixing bar 9 to fix the battery block 7.

  The insulating cooling spacer 4 includes a coolant passage 10 having a watertight structure. The coolant passage 10 is connected to the cooling mechanism 2. The cooling mechanism 2 cools the insulating cooling spacer 4 by circulating the cooling liquid through the cooling fluid passage 10 of the insulating cooling spacer 4. The insulating cooling spacer 4 sandwiched between the prismatic batteries 3 and cooled by the coolant cools the facing surface 3A of the prismatic battery 3.

  The insulating cooling spacer 4 is shown in FIG. The insulating cooling spacer 4 includes an insulating spacer 11 sandwiched between the gaps of the opposing prismatic batteries 3 and a cooling pipe 13 disposed in a storage portion 12 provided in the insulating spacer 11. A coolant passage 10 is provided in the spacer 11. The insulating spacer 11 is a material excellent in insulating characteristics and heat conduction characteristics, for example, a graphite-based plastic molded product. The insulating spacer 11 made of plastic can be provided with the coolant passage 10 by insert-molding the cooling pipe 13. However, it is also possible to manufacture the insulating spacer 11 by forming the insulating spacer 11 into a shape having the accommodating portion 12 of the cooling pipe 13 and inserting the cooling pipe 13 into the accommodating portion 12.

  The cooling pipe 13 is a thinly crushed metal pipe. Since the metal pipe is excellent in thermal conductivity, the prismatic battery 3 is efficiently cooled with the coolant. In particular, metals such as copper and aluminum have excellent heat conduction characteristics, and the prismatic battery 3 can be efficiently cooled by the cooling pipe 13. FIG. 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion where the coolant passage 10 of the cooling pipe 13 cools the square battery 3. The insulating cooling spacer 4 in this figure covers the surface of the cooling pipe 13 with an insulating layer 14. Since the insulating cooling spacer 4 insulates the surface of the metal pipe with the insulating layer 14, the metal pipe is insulated from the outer can 3 a of the rectangular battery 3.

  Further, the insulating cooling spacer 4 shown in FIG. 4 has the cooling pipe 13 thicker than the insulating spacer 11. The insulating cooling spacer 4 can be brought into close contact with the facing surface 3 </ b> A of the prismatic battery 3 by causing the cooling pipe 13 to protrude from the surface of the insulating spacer 11. With this structure, the surface of the cooling pipe 13 can be in close contact with the surface of the prismatic battery 3 in an ideal thermal coupling state. For this reason, the cooling pipe 13 efficiently cools the facing surface 3 </ b> A of the prismatic battery 3.

  In the insulating cooling spacer 4 in FIG. 6, the cooling pipe 13 is flush with the insulating spacer 11. The insulating cooling spacer 4 can attach both the cooling pipe 13 and the insulating spacer 11 to the opposing surface of the prismatic battery 3. With this structure, the facing surface 3A of the square battery 3 can be in close contact with the insulating cooling spacer 4 over a wide area. For this reason, the battery block 7 can be firmly fixed by pressing strongly with the end face plate 8.

In the insulating cooling spacer 4 of FIG. 7, the cooling pipe 13 is made thinner than the insulating spacer 11. The insulating cooling spacer 4 is in close contact with the facing surface 3 </ b> A of the prismatic battery 3 with the insulating spacer 11 protruding from the cooling pipe 13. In this structure, even if the internal pressure of the outer can 3a increases and it swells, it is not strongly pressed by the cooling pipe 13. For this reason, while using a metal pipe for the cooling pipe 13, it is possible to prevent the metal pipe from being in electrical contact with the outer can 3a and improve safety.

  8 and 9 incorporates a metal plate 15 in the middle. The cooling pipe 13 is in contact with the metal plate 15. The metal plate 15 and the cooling pipe 13 are insulated from each other. The insulating cooling spacer 4 cools the metal plate 15 with the cooling pipe 13. The cooled metal plate 15 cools the facing surface 3 </ b> A of the prismatic battery 3 together with the cooling pipe 13, that is, both the metal plate 15 and the cooling pipe 13.

  Insulating cooling spacers 4 shown in these drawings are formed as a cooling plate 16 in which two stacked metal plates 15 are seam welded to provide a coolant channel 10 having a watertight structure therein. The cooling plate 16 is formed by parallel seam welding of a flat metal plate 15 and pressurizing compressed air during the seam welding and deforming the metal plate 15 to swell by the pressure of the air to provide the coolant passage 10. . The surface of the cooling plate 16 provided with the coolant passage 10 is insulated by the insulating layer 14.

  The cooling mechanism 2 of the apparatus in FIG. 1 includes a circulation pump 21 and a radiator 22 and a control circuit 20 that controls the operation of the circulation pump 21 and the fan 23 of the radiator 22. The circulation pump 21 circulates the coolant through the coolant passage 10 of the insulating cooling spacer 4 and the radiator 22. The control circuit 20 detects the temperature of the square battery 3 with the temperature sensor 24 and operates the circulation pump 21 when the battery temperature becomes higher than the set temperature. In addition, the control circuit 20 detects the temperature of the coolant with the temperature sensor 25, and operates the fan 23 of the radiator 22 when the temperature of the coolant becomes higher than a set value. Further, the control circuit 20 detects the temperatures of the plurality of prismatic batteries 3 and, when the battery temperature difference becomes larger than the set temperature difference, operates the circulation pump 21 to reduce the battery temperature difference. You can also. The coolant circulated to the coolant passage 10 by the circulation pump 21 is insulating oil or antifreeze. Silicon oil or the like can be used as the insulating oil.

  A coolant can also be used as the coolant. FIG. 10 shows a cooling mechanism 2 that uses a coolant as a refrigerant. The cooling mechanism 2 includes a compressor 26 that pressurizes the vaporized refrigerant, a condenser 27 that cools and liquefies the refrigerant pressurized by the compressor 26, and an insulating cooling spacer 4 that cools the refrigerant liquefied by the condenser 27. And an expansion device 28 for supplying the coolant to the coolant passage 10. The expansion device 28 is, for example, an expansion valve or a capillary tube. The cooling mechanism 2 vaporizes the liquefied refrigerant supplied from the expansion device 28 inside the cooling liquid passage 10 and cools the insulating cooling spacer 4 with the heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The cooling mechanism 2 can cool the prismatic battery 3 very efficiently by cooling the insulating cooling spacer 4 to a low temperature. The compressor 26 is operated by a motor, or is operated by an engine or a motor in a hybrid car. A compressor operated by the engine is connected to the engine via an electromagnetic clutch. In the cooling mechanism 2, the operation of the compressor 26 is controlled by the control circuit 20. The cooling mechanism 2 cools the insulating cooling spacer 4 by circulating the refrigerant through the compressor 26 → the condenser 27 → the expansion device 28 → the cooling fluid passage 10 of the insulating cooling spacer 4 → the compressor 26. The operation of the compressor 26 is controlled by the control circuit 20 that detects the temperature of the battery. When the battery temperature becomes higher than the set temperature, the compressor 26 is operated to cool the battery.

  The control circuit 20 can detect not only the temperature of the battery but also the amount of heat generated by the battery to control the operation of the fan 23 and the compressor 26 of the radiator 22. The amount of heat generated by the battery is detected from the charging current and heat dissipation current of the battery. When the amount of heat generated by the battery is smaller than the set value, the operation of the fan 23 and the compressor 26 is stopped, and when the value exceeds the set value, the fan 23 and the compressor 26 are operated to cool the battery.

The control circuit 20 can also detect both the temperature of the battery and the amount of heat generated, and control the operation of the fan 23 and the compressor 26. The control circuit 20 cools the battery by operating the fan 23 and the compressor 26 in a state where the battery temperature is higher than the set temperature or the calorific value is larger than the set value. Since the control circuit 20 controls the operation of the fan 23 and the compressor 26 based on both the battery temperature and the calorific value, the battery can be efficiently cooled while limiting the temperature rise of the battery.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery assembly 2 ... Cooling mechanism 3 ... Square battery 3A ... Opposite surface
3a ... outer can 4 ... insulating cooling spacer 5 ... electrode terminal 6 ... insulating coating 7 ... battery block 8 ... end face plate 9 ... fixing bar 10 ... cooling fluid passage 11 ... insulating spacer 12 ... storage part 13 ... cooling pipe 14 ... insulating layer DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Metal plate 16 ... Cooling plate 20 ... Control circuit 21 ... Circulation pump 22 ... Radiator 23 ... Fan 24 ... Temperature sensor 25 ... Temperature sensor 26 ... Compressor 27 ... Condenser 28 ... Expansion device

Claims (3)

A power supply device for a vehicle comprising a battery that supplies power to a motor that drives the vehicle, and a cooling mechanism that cools the battery,
A battery block in which a plurality of batteries are arranged in a stacked state, and an insulating cooling spacer that insulates and cools a battery that is sandwiched between opposing surfaces of adjacent batteries,
The insulating cooling spacer includes a water-tight cooling fluid passage, and the cooling fluid passage is connected to the cooling mechanism, and the insulating cooling spacer is cooled with a coolant supplied from the cooling mechanism,
On the surface of the insulating cooling spacer, a convex portion is formed along the coolant passage,
An end face plate is arranged at both ends of the battery block, and the pair of end face plates are connected to a fixing bar and sandwich the battery block.   The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a curved passage is formed in a part of the coolant passage.   The vehicle power supply device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of recesses are formed in the end face plate.

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