JP5581790B2 - Ammonia supply system to SCR equipment - Google Patents

Ammonia supply system to SCR equipment Download PDF

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JP5581790B2
JP5581790B2 JP2010098879A JP2010098879A JP5581790B2 JP 5581790 B2 JP5581790 B2 JP 5581790B2 JP 2010098879 A JP2010098879 A JP 2010098879A JP 2010098879 A JP2010098879 A JP 2010098879A JP 5581790 B2 JP5581790 B2 JP 5581790B2
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ammonia
scr device
scr
ammonia gas
supply system
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JP2011226434A (en
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弘吉 前川
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/22—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a condensation chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Description

本発明は、ディーゼルエンジン排ガス中に含まれるＮＯｘをアンモニアで還元して脱硝するＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to an ammonia supply system to an SCR device that denitrates NOx contained in diesel engine exhaust gas by reducing with ammonia.

従来の尿素選択式還元触媒（尿素ＳＣＲ）システムは、ＳＣＲ装置の入口で尿素水を噴射し、尿素の加水分解によって生じるアンモニアガスを還元剤としてＳＣＲ装置内でＮＯｘを還元する機構である。   A conventional urea selective reduction catalyst (urea SCR) system is a mechanism that injects urea water at the inlet of an SCR device and reduces NOx in the SCR device using ammonia gas generated by hydrolysis of urea as a reducing agent.

この尿素ＳＣＲシステムを図２により説明する。   This urea SCR system will be described with reference to FIG.

図２において、ディーゼルエンジン７の排気マニホールド８に接続された排気管１にはＳＣＲ装置２が接続され、そのＳＣＲ装置２の上流側に噴射ノズル６が設けられ、尿素タンク３からの尿素水４がポンプ５を介して噴射ノズル６より噴射するようにされ、尿素ＳＣＲシステムが構成される。   In FIG. 2, an SCR device 2 is connected to an exhaust pipe 1 connected to an exhaust manifold 8 of a diesel engine 7, an injection nozzle 6 is provided on the upstream side of the SCR device 2, and urea water 4 from a urea tank 3. Is injected from the injection nozzle 6 via the pump 5, and the urea SCR system is configured.

ディーゼルエンジン７からのＮＯｘを含んだ排ガスは、排気マニホールド８から排気管１を通り噴射ノズル６から噴射された尿素水を加水分解すると共にＳＣＲ装置２に流入し、そこで加水分解されたアンモニアガスによりＮＯｘが還元されて脱硝される。   Exhaust gas containing NOx from the diesel engine 7 passes through the exhaust pipe 1 from the exhaust manifold 8 and hydrolyzes the urea water injected from the injection nozzle 6 and flows into the SCR device 2, where the ammonia gas is hydrolyzed. NOx is reduced and denitrated.

特開２００８−２６７３２１号公報JP 2008-267321 A 特表２００１−５１８０４７号公報Special table 2001-518047 gazette

しかしながら、上記した従来の尿素ＳＣＲシステムには下記のような問題が残されている。   However, the following problems remain in the above-described conventional urea SCR system.

ａ）ＳＣＲ装置の入口に尿素水として供給するため、排ガス温度が１６０℃より低温では尿素水が完全に加水分解されず、特に低温でのアンモニアの供給効率が悪い。   a) Since urea water is supplied to the inlet of the SCR device, the urea water is not completely hydrolyzed when the exhaust gas temperature is lower than 160 ° C., and the efficiency of supplying ammonia particularly at low temperatures is poor.

ｂ）尿素加水分解時にシアヌル酸などの白色結晶が生じてＳＣＲ装置内に堆積し、ＳＣＲ機能低下の原因となる。   b) White crystals such as cyanuric acid are generated during urea hydrolysis and are deposited in the SCR device, causing a decrease in SCR function.

ｃ）尿素水に大量に含まれる水が完全に蒸発せず直接ＳＣＲ装置に入るため、水熱耐久性に乏しいゼオライト系ＳＣＲの劣化が進行しやすい。   c) Since the water contained in a large amount in the urea water does not completely evaporate and directly enters the SCR device, the deterioration of the zeolite SCR having poor hydrothermal durability is likely to proceed.

そこで、本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決し、従来の尿素ＳＣＲシステムに比べてアンモニアを効率的に供給できると共に、ＳＣＲの劣化を防止することができるＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムを提供することにある。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia supply system to an SCR device that solves the above-described problems and can efficiently supply ammonia and prevent deterioration of the SCR as compared with the conventional urea SCR system. There is.

上記目的を達成すべく請求項１の発明は、ディーゼルエンジンの排気管にＳＣＲ装置を接続し、そのＳＣＲ装置にアンモニアガスを供給するに際し、アンモニア源水溶液をヒーターで加熱してアンモニアガスを生成すると共に、常圧に保たれた冷却器に生成されたアンモニアガスを通して前記アンモニアガスから水蒸気を分離し、その水蒸気を分離したアンモニアガスをコンプレッサーで前記ＳＣＲ装置に供給するＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムである。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when an SCR device is connected to an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine and ammonia gas is supplied to the SCR device, an ammonia source aqueous solution is heated with a heater to generate ammonia gas. And an ammonia supply system to the SCR device that separates the water vapor from the ammonia gas through the ammonia gas generated in the cooler maintained at normal pressure, and supplies the ammonia gas separated from the water vapor to the SCR device by a compressor. is there.

請求項２の発明は、前記ヒーターは前記アンモニア源水溶液を１６０℃以上１８０℃以下に加熱する請求項１に記載のＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムである。   The invention according to claim 2 is the ammonia supply system to the SCR device according to claim 1, wherein the heater heats the aqueous ammonia source solution to 160 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower.

請求項３の発明は、前記冷却器の温度が５０℃以上８０℃以下である請求項１又は２に記載のＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムである。   A third aspect of the present invention is the ammonia supply system to the SCR device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the temperature of the cooler is 50 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.

本発明によれば、従来の尿素ＳＣＲシステムに比べてアンモニアを効率的に供給できると共に、ＳＣＲの劣化を防止することができる。   According to the present invention, ammonia can be supplied more efficiently than the conventional urea SCR system, and deterioration of the SCR can be prevented.

本発明のＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムを説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the ammonia supply system to the SCR device of the present invention. 従来の尿素ＳＣＲシステムを説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the conventional urea SCR system.

以下、本発明の好適な一実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて詳述する。   A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は、本実施の形態に係るＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムを示したものである。図１において、ディーゼルエンジン７の排気マニホールド８に接続された排気管１にはＳＣＲ装置２が接続され、そのＳＣＲ装置２の上流側に噴射ノズル１５が設けられ、その噴射ノズル１５はアンモニア源供給タンク１６に配管１１を介して接続される。この配管１１には、アンモニア源供給タンク１６側からヒーター１２、冷却器１３、コンプレッサー１４が順次接続され、アンモニア源供給タンク１６からのアンモニア源水溶液が配管１１に接続されたヒーター１２で加熱されて生成したアンモニアガスが冷却器１３を通り、コンプレッサー１４を介して噴射ノズル１５より噴射するようにされ、ＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システムが構成される。   FIG. 1 shows an ammonia supply system to an SCR device according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, an SCR device 2 is connected to an exhaust pipe 1 connected to an exhaust manifold 8 of a diesel engine 7, and an injection nozzle 15 is provided on the upstream side of the SCR device 2. The injection nozzle 15 is supplied with an ammonia source. The tank 16 is connected via the pipe 11. A heater 12, a cooler 13, and a compressor 14 are sequentially connected to the pipe 11 from the ammonia source supply tank 16 side, and the aqueous ammonia source solution from the ammonia source supply tank 16 is heated by the heater 12 connected to the pipe 11. The generated ammonia gas passes through the cooler 13 and is jetted from the jet nozzle 15 via the compressor 14 to constitute an ammonia supply system to the SCR device.

アンモニア源供給タンク１６は、加熱分解によってアンモニアを生じる物質の水溶液（アンモニア源水溶液）、例えば、尿素、重炭酸アンモニウムあるいは炭酸アンモニウムの水溶液を貯留している。   The ammonia source supply tank 16 stores an aqueous solution (ammonia source aqueous solution) of a substance that generates ammonia by thermal decomposition, for example, an aqueous solution of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, or ammonium carbonate.

ヒーター１２は、アンモニア源供給タンク１６から供給されたアンモニア源水溶液からアンモニアガスを生成するのに適切な温度で加熱する。アンモニア源水溶液が濃度３２．５％の尿素水溶液の場合、ヒーター１２はこの尿素水溶液を１６０℃以上１８０℃以下に加熱するように設定される。設定温度が１６０℃より低いと尿素水が完全に加水分解されず、アンモニアの供給効率が悪くなる。   The heater 12 heats at a temperature suitable for generating ammonia gas from the ammonia source aqueous solution supplied from the ammonia source supply tank 16. When the ammonia source aqueous solution is a urea aqueous solution having a concentration of 32.5%, the heater 12 is set so as to heat the urea aqueous solution to 160 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. If the set temperature is lower than 160 ° C., the urea water is not completely hydrolyzed, and the ammonia supply efficiency deteriorates.

冷却器１３は、アンモニアから水蒸気を凝縮するための冷却管１３ａと、凝縮した水を分離して回収するための回収タンク１３ｂとからなる。冷却管１３ａとしては、例えばジムロート冷却器に用いられる螺旋形状の管などで構成される。冷却管１３ａで凝縮された水は自重で滴下して回収タンク１３ｂに回収される。また、冷却器１３は水冷式でも空冷式でもよい。   The cooler 13 includes a cooling pipe 13a for condensing water vapor from ammonia and a recovery tank 13b for separating and recovering the condensed water. As the cooling pipe 13a, for example, a helical pipe used for a Jimroth cooler is used. The water condensed in the cooling pipe 13a is dropped by its own weight and collected in the collection tank 13b. The cooler 13 may be water-cooled or air-cooled.

また、冷却器１３は排気管１あるいはＳＣＲ装置２に近い位置に設けられ、比較的高い温度（５０〜８０℃）で保持される。冷却器１３（冷却管１３ａ）の温度が５０℃未満では凝縮された水に溶け込むアンモニアの量が増加し、一方、８０℃を超えると冷却管１３ａで凝縮できる水蒸気の量が減少するので、冷却器１３（冷却管１３ａ）の温度は５０℃以上８０℃以下に保持するのが好ましい。   The cooler 13 is provided at a position close to the exhaust pipe 1 or the SCR device 2 and is held at a relatively high temperature (50 to 80 ° C.). If the temperature of the cooler 13 (cooling pipe 13a) is less than 50 ° C., the amount of ammonia dissolved in the condensed water increases. On the other hand, if it exceeds 80 ° C., the amount of water vapor that can be condensed in the cooling pipe 13a decreases. The temperature of the vessel 13 (cooling pipe 13a) is preferably maintained at 50 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.

アンモニアガスを昇圧するコンプレッサー１４は、排気管１中の排ガス圧よりも高圧でアンモニアガスを送り出すように設定される。   The compressor 14 that boosts the ammonia gas is set so as to send out the ammonia gas at a pressure higher than the exhaust gas pressure in the exhaust pipe 1.

次に、本実施の形態の作用を説明する。   Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.

本発明に係るアンモニア供給システムでは、アンモニア源供給タンク１６から供給されたアンモニア源水溶液を、ヒーター１２を用いて加熱分解させアンモニアガスを生成したのち、冷却器１３を通して水蒸気を分離したアンモニアガスをＳＣＲ装置２にコンプレッサー１４で昇圧して供給する。このように、予めアンモニアガスを生成しこれをＳＣＲ装置２に供給するので、従来の尿素ＳＣＲシステムのように、ＳＣＲ装置２入口で尿素水を噴射しアンモニアガスを生成するのと比べて排気管１の排ガス温度が低温であってもアンモニアガスを効率的に供給できる。また、アンモニアをガスの状態で直接ＳＣＲ装置２に供給するので、ＳＣＲ装置２において、シアヌル酸などの結晶残留物の堆積を防ぐことができる。   In the ammonia supply system according to the present invention, the ammonia source aqueous solution supplied from the ammonia source supply tank 16 is thermally decomposed using the heater 12 to generate ammonia gas, and then the ammonia gas from which water vapor has been separated through the cooler 13 is converted into SCR. The pressure is supplied to the apparatus 2 by a compressor 14 and supplied. In this way, ammonia gas is generated in advance and supplied to the SCR device 2, so that the exhaust pipe is compared with the case of injecting urea water at the inlet of the SCR device 2 to generate ammonia gas as in the conventional urea SCR system. Even if the exhaust gas temperature of 1 is low, ammonia gas can be supplied efficiently. Further, since ammonia is directly supplied to the SCR device 2 in the state of gas, the SCR device 2 can prevent deposition of crystal residues such as cyanuric acid.

さらに、ＳＣＲ装置２に供給するアンモニアガスから水分を除去しているので、特に水熱耐性に乏しいゼオライト系ＳＣＲの劣化を防止することができる。   Furthermore, since moisture is removed from the ammonia gas supplied to the SCR device 2, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the zeolite-based SCR having particularly poor hydrothermal resistance.

また、エンジン停止後は配管１１中の残留アンモニアを、トラップした（回収タンク１３ｂの）水に溶解させることで大気へのアンモニア放出を防ぐことができる。   Further, after the engine is stopped, residual ammonia in the pipe 11 is dissolved in the trapped water (in the recovery tank 13b), thereby preventing ammonia from being released into the atmosphere.

このように本発明は、加熱分解によってアンモニアを生じる物質の水溶液、例えば、重炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、あるいは尿素の水溶液をヒータを用いて適温で分解させ、アンモニアを生成させるものである。   As described above, according to the present invention, an aqueous solution of a substance that generates ammonia by thermal decomposition, for example, an aqueous solution of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, or urea is decomposed at an appropriate temperature using a heater to generate ammonia.

上記化合物を固体還元剤として直接熱分解してアンモニアを発生させる方法（特許文献１）もあるが、この場合、炎天下など高温にさらされる場合、アンモニアガスの大気への漏洩や爆発などの危険性が溶液の場合より高く、また、補給時などの扱い易さの面においても溶液状態の方が有利である。   There is also a method (Patent Document 1) in which the above compound is directly pyrolyzed as a solid reducing agent to generate ammonia. However, in this case, when exposed to high temperatures such as under the sun, there is a risk of leakage of ammonia gas to the atmosphere or explosion. Is higher than in the case of a solution, and the solution state is more advantageous in terms of ease of handling during replenishment.

上記水溶液の熱分解によって発生するガスは多量の水蒸気を含有するため、本発明は冷却器を用いて発生ガス中の水を凝縮させてトラップする。冷却器は排気管あるいはＳＣＲ装置に近い位置に取付け、比較的高い温度（５０〜８０℃）で保持する。本発明における水の除去は、特許文献２のような加圧下ではなく、常圧かつ比較的高温に保たれた冷却器を用いるため、アンモニアガスの凝縮した水への溶解を抑制することができる。   Since the gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the aqueous solution contains a large amount of water vapor, the present invention condenses and traps water in the generated gas using a cooler. The cooler is attached at a position close to the exhaust pipe or the SCR device, and kept at a relatively high temperature (50 to 80 ° C.). The removal of water in the present invention is not under pressure as in Patent Document 2, but uses a cooler that is maintained at a normal pressure and a relatively high temperature, so that dissolution of ammonia gas in condensed water can be suppressed. .

以上の要領で本発明は、水を除去したアンモニアガスをＳＣＲ装置に供給する。アンモニアガス供給の際はコンプレッサーを用いて昇圧し、排ガス圧よりも高圧でアンモニアガスを送り出すことで効率よくアンモニアガスを供給することが可能となる。   In the above manner, the present invention supplies ammonia gas from which water has been removed to the SCR device. When ammonia gas is supplied, it is possible to efficiently supply ammonia gas by increasing the pressure using a compressor and sending the ammonia gas at a pressure higher than the exhaust gas pressure.

１ 排気管
２ ＳＣＲ装置
１２ ヒーター
１３ 冷却器
１４ コンプレッサー 1 Exhaust pipe 2 SCR device 12 Heater 13 Cooler 14 Compressor

Claims (3)

ディーゼルエンジンの排気管にＳＣＲ装置を接続し、そのＳＣＲ装置にアンモニアガスを供給するに際し、
アンモニア源水溶液をヒーターで加熱してアンモニアガスを生成すると共に、常圧に保たれた冷却器に生成されたアンモニアガスを通して前記アンモニアガスから水蒸気を分離し、その水蒸気を分離したアンモニアガスをコンプレッサーで前記ＳＣＲ装置に供給することを特徴とするＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システム。 When connecting an SCR device to the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine and supplying ammonia gas to the SCR device,
The ammonia source aqueous solution is heated with a heater to generate ammonia gas, and water vapor is separated from the ammonia gas through the ammonia gas generated in a cooler maintained at normal pressure, and the ammonia gas separated from the water vapor is compressed with a compressor. A system for supplying ammonia to an SCR device, wherein the system is supplied to the SCR device. 前記ヒーターは前記アンモニア源水溶液を１６０℃以上１８０℃以下に加熱する請求項１に記載のＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システム。   The ammonia supply system to the SCR apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heater heats the aqueous ammonia source solution to 160 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. 前記冷却器の温度が５０℃以上８０℃以下である請求項１又は２に記載のＳＣＲ装置へのアンモニア供給システム。   The ammonia supply system to the SCR device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the cooler is 50 ° C or higher and 80 ° C or lower.
JP2010098879A 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Ammonia supply system to SCR equipment Expired - Fee Related JP5581790B2 (en)

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JP5751165B2 (en) * 2011-12-28 2015-07-22 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Ammonia supply system to SCR converter
EP2662128A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-13 Inergy Automotive Systems Research (Société Anonyme) Method and system for purifying the exhaust gases of a combustion engine
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KR101527719B1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2015-06-11 한국기계연구원 An ammonia gas generator by using solid ammonium salt
CN108301905B (en) * 2018-03-06 2023-08-25 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Ammonia urea double-injection system and control method thereof

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