JP5578767B2 - Evaporator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an evaporation apparatus used when performing an evaporation operation (heating and vaporization) of a liquid to be processed having a novel configuration. The evaporation apparatus of the present invention can be used alone, as an evaporation apparatus (in a narrow sense), a concentrating apparatus, a dewatering drying apparatus, etc., and further appropriately combined with a condensing apparatus, etc. It is a thing.

  For example, when combined with a condensing device, a solid-liquid separation device suitable for producing irrigation water, drinking water, and the like from salt water such as seawater, underground brine, and lake water can be obtained.

  The liquid to be treated in the evaporation apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid that can be ejected from the ejection nozzle. That is, the “liquid to be treated” includes not only “solution” such as salt water but also “suspension (suspension)” and “emulsion (emulsion)”. Besides the salt water, for example, fruit juice, various chemicals, excess sludge, sewage, factory waste liquid (for example, used paint / edible oil) and the like can be mentioned.

  Here, the case where seawater (salt water) is desalinated (demineralized water treatment) to obtain fresh water (demineralized water) and salt (solid product) will be mainly described as an example.

  Evaporation (apparatus) means not only industrial concentration treatment (apparatus) for recovering solute concentrate by evaporating the solvent in the solution, but also distillation (apparatus), drying (apparatus), etc. Any process (equipment) involving the evaporation (vaporization) operation.

  Conventionally, the above desalination has been mainly performed by an ion exchange method, a membrane permeation method, or an electroosmosis method.

  The desalination method as described above is expensive, and there has been a demand for a desalination method that has low operating costs (running costs) as well as equipment costs (initial costs). Especially in desert countries, the necessity is high (refer patent document 1 paragraphs 0001-0003).

  In order to meet the above-described demand, a salt water distillation system (desalination apparatus) having the following configuration in which fresh water is obtained by distilling water having a high salinity concentration using solar heat has been proposed (refer to claim 2 of Patent Document 1).

“An evaporation tank to which salt water is supplied, a circulation pump, a spray pump, a watering pump and a sprinkler installed in the evaporation tank, a vinyl house assembled so as to cover an opening of the evaporation tank, and the vinyl house A solar water heater installed outside the greenhouse and a solar water heater installed outside the greenhouse, and in the daytime, circulate salt water in the evaporation tank to the solar water heater with a circulation pump to produce hot water, This is supplied to the sprinkler and sprinkled to evaporate, and the sprinkler pump supplies salt water to the outer wall of the greenhouse to cool the wall, and at night, the water in the evaporation tank is sprinkled by the sprinkler to evaporate it. A salt water distillation system characterized by collecting condensation on the inside of the lotus wall in a drainage basin. "
However, the salt water distillation system having the above configuration is different from the evaporation apparatus according to the present invention in principle and action.
JP-A-10-286558 (claims, etc.)

  The present invention is of course not disclosed in the above-mentioned patent documents and the like, and with low equipment costs and operation costs, the desalination (demineralization treatment) of salt water as well as the evaporation operation of various liquid materials are performed efficiently. An object of the present invention is to provide an evaporation apparatus having a novel configuration.

  The evaporation apparatus of the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the following configuration.

An evaporation tower which is an apparatus main body which is formed of a transparent material and has an outer wall portion that can use the sun as a main heat source , and an injection means for a liquid to be treated are disposed in the evaporation tower , and the injection means includes a number of injection nozzles. In an evaporator having a configuration including a ring-shaped injection pipe,
In the spray pipe, the spray nozzles are arranged at a predetermined pitch and the spray direction of the spray nozzles is an obliquely upward inner direction.

When the sun is used as a heat source, the liquid to be processed is sprayed toward the inner central part of the evaporation tower, which has the highest heating effect (so-called greenhouse effect) , and the liquid to be processed is evaporated or concentrated, and further solid-liquid separation is performed. Promoted. The heat energy from the entire outer wall surface collects from the inner central part of the evaporation tower, and is less susceptible to the heat radiation from the wall surface, so that the temperature distribution is stably increased.

Moreover, since the evaporating tower has a greenhouse effect with the sun as the main heat source , the operating cost is low.

  When the liquid to be treated is injected and collided in the greenhouse atmosphere, the solvent (liquid) is refined (usually atomized), and evaporation (vaporization) is promoted. At the same time, the solute (solid) is also on the surface of the solid particles. Evaporation of water (attached water) is promoted, and concentration or drying is promoted.

Another aspect of the present invention has the following configuration.
An evaporation tower which is an apparatus main body which is formed of a transparent material and has an outer wall portion that can use the sun as a main heat source , and an injection means for a liquid to be treated are disposed in the evaporation tower , and the injection means includes a number of injection nozzles. In an evaporator having a configuration including a ring-shaped injection pipe,
The jet pipes are arranged up and down facing each other,
In the lower injection pipe, the injection nozzles are arranged at a predetermined pitch, and the injection direction of the injection nozzles is an obliquely upward inner direction,
In the upper injection pipe, the injection nozzles are arranged at a predetermined pitch, and the injection direction of the injection nozzles is downward,
The liquid to be treated can collide at an intermediate height position between the upper and lower injection pipes.

Further, as a different aspect from the above-described configuration, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a swirling flow can be generated at an inner upper position by setting the injection direction of the injection nozzle to be inclined by a predetermined angle from the radial direction. it can.

  In this case, the jet vortex rises smoothly, the high boiling point component, the concentrated liquid or the solid separation falls by its own weight, and the distillation, concentration, and solid separation operations can be performed more smoothly even with a single jet pipe. .

  Moreover, in each said structure, it can be set as the barrack structure provided with the framework formed with a baseboard and an aggregate, and the outer wall part formed with a transparent material. In the case of a barrack structure, assembly and disassembly are easy, and equipment costs are low.

  And the evaporator of each said structure can be used in combination with a condenser. In such a case, the desalination apparatus, the salt recovery apparatus, the distillation apparatus, and the drying apparatus can be easily used for various purposes.

  The condensing tower of the condensing device may have a barrack structure including a tub that forms a condensate liquid storage part, a skeleton formed of aggregate, and an outer wall part formed of a heat insulating material.

  As is the case with the evaporation tower having a barrack structure, assembly and disassembly are facilitated, and equipment costs are reduced.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.

(1) First embodiment (FIG. 1)
The present embodiment is a desalination apparatus (solid-liquid separation apparatus) 16 composed of an evaporation apparatus (heating vaporization apparatus) 12 and a condensing apparatus 14. Naturally, this desalination apparatus 16 can be used for operations such as distillation, solid-liquid separation, and liquid removal drying through vaporization (evaporation) treatment of other various liquids to be treated.

The evaporation apparatus 12 includes an evaporation tower 18 which is an apparatus body having a so-called greenhouse effect and whose outer wall portion is formed of a transparent material and can use the sun as a main heat source , and a liquid material injection means 20 is disposed in the evaporation tower 18. Has been.

  Specifically, it is as follows.

  In the illustrated example, the evaporation tower 18 is a cylindrical body having a truncated cone shape. The evaporating tower 18 is not limited to the form shown in the figure, and may have any shape such as a rectangular tube or a rectangular box. The ceiling is usually tapered or hemispherical in cross section so that the evaporated materials can be smoothly collected and discharged (exhaust). The ceiling portion includes an exhaust port 22 formed in a cylindrical shape at the upper end.

In addition, the magnitude | size of the evaporation tower 18 shall be a thing with a bottom board area: 1-700m < ² > and height: about 3-20m, for example.

  The evaporation tower 18 has a barack structure that can be easily assembled and disassembled as described below, in the same manner as a normal greenhouse (green house). By using the barrack structure, the equipment cost is reduced.

  The base plate 24 and the aggregate 26 formed on the base plate 24 form a frame 28 constituting the main body shape, and a flexible transparent plastic sheet (for example, a vinyl sheet) is formed on the frame (framework). The outer wall portion 30 is formed by covering or assembling a transparent plate material such as transparent inorganic / organic glass.

  As the aggregate 26, a metal pipe, a plastic pipe, wood, bamboo, or the like can be selected as appropriate.

  The outer wall 30 is preferably lined with a thin transparent material from the standpoints of heat insulation and prevention of condensation. The transparent plastic sheet or organic / inorganic glass may have a double wall structure.

  In addition, as a thin transparent material, a heat insulating transparent cloth body (cold cold) can be used. Cold chill is excellent in heat insulation and anti-condensation, and can be easily attached with clips, hooks and curtains, and can be easily replaced.

  Further, in the present embodiment, although not necessary, the bottom plate 24 has a heating jacket structure (heating structure) and is supported on the gantry 32.

  Specifically, a heating medium introduction port 34 with an on-off valve is provided in the jacket portion 24a of the bottom plate 24 so that a heating medium (warm water or steam) can be introduced, and a drain port 36 with an on-off valve is provided on the bottom side. Yes. Further, the exhaust port 22 has a double-pipe structure, and the jacket portion 24a and the exhaust port 22 can communicate with each other by forming an aggregate 26 that connects them together with a pipe. Thus, the heating medium introduced into the jacket portion 24a of the bottom plate 24 can be heated by reaching the annular space of the double tube forming the exhaust port 22 through the pipe forming the frame 28. Reference numeral 23 denotes a steam exhaust port with an on-off valve.

  Although not necessarily, a heating pipe (auxiliary heating means) 19 is disposed in the vicinity of the inner peripheral wall of the evaporation tower 18 at a position slightly above and below the lower injection pipe 40A. An electric heater or the like may be used instead of the heating tube 19.

Here, the size of the evaporation tower 18 and the condensation tower 50 is not particularly limited. For example, depending on the environment, such as the processing amount and installation location,
Evaporation tower 18: bottom area 1-700m ² , height 3-20m,
Condensing tower 50: Floor area: 3.5-23m ² , height 3.5-23m
Select from the range of.

When the evaporation tower is very large, for example, a box having a side of about 3 m or more (about 25 m ³ or more), the bottom plate may be made of concrete or the ground (between soil and tatami). In that case, you may distribute a heating means (heating piping, an electric heater, etc.) in the ground or the ground surface.

  The heating means is arranged as described above when it is desired to operate the evaporator continuously even when solar heat cannot be used (at night, in cloudy or rainy weather, etc.).

  Further, in the liquid material jetting unit 20, jet pipes 40 and 40A each having a number of jet nozzles 38 oppose each other so that liquids to be treated (including suspensions) jetted from the jet nozzles 38 can collide with each other. Arranged and configured. The collision position is usually near the center of the inside of the greenhouse evaporator tower.

In the illustrated example, a pair of ring-shaped upper and lower injection pipes 40, 40A having a large number of injection nozzles 38 are arranged vertically, and the injection directions of the injection nozzles 38 of the upper and lower injection pipes 40, 40A are as follows. The upper and lower injection pipes 40 and 40A are configured such that they can collide with each other at an intermediate height position between the upper and lower injection pipes 40A and 40A . That is, the upper injection pipe 40 has a smaller diameter than the lower injection pipe 40A, and the injection directions of the injection nozzles 38 of the upper injection pipe 40 and the lower injection pipe 40A are the upper injection pipe 40 and the lower injection pipe 40A. The direction is diagonally upward (slightly inside). As a result, the collision position of the liquid to be treated is located inside the lower injection pipe 40A. That is, when salt is recovered from seawater, clogging of the injection nozzle can be reduced as much as possible.

  Here, the tip inclination angle (nozzle injection) α of the injection nozzle varies depending on the viscosity, concentration, etc. of the liquid to be processed (evaporation target), and is usually selected appropriately within a range of 5 to 45 °. For example, in the case of seawater, the angle is 10 to 30 °, preferably 15 to 25 °.

  Here, the injection pipes 40 and 40A are ring-shaped, but a plurality of injection pipes may be arranged in parallel or a grid-shaped communication pipe may be used.

  In addition, although the opposing form of the injection pipe was made up and down, it can also be made to collide with a horizontal direction by making an opposing form into right and left, front and back, or forming an injection nozzle inside a ring injection pipe.

  In the present embodiment, the evaporation device 12 is a device for evaporating a liquid component from the liquid to be processed and recovering a solute (salt), and therefore, a scraping rake 42 is disposed immediately above the bottom plate 24. The scraping rake 42 is connected to a drive shaft 44 a of a reduction motor 44. A product take-out port 46 with an on-off valve is formed at the scraping portion of the scraping rake (inclined plate) 42 of the bottom plate 24. A collection box 48 is disposed below the product outlet 46. Thus, salt (solid matter or concentrated slurry) can be recovered.

The rotational speed of the scraping rake 42 varies depending on the type of evaporation residue and the deposition mode. Usually, select appropriately in the range of 0.5-3min- ¹ .

  The condenser 14 is connected to the exhaust port 22 of the evaporation tower 18 and the steam inlet 49 formed in the upper portion of the condenser tower 50 via a connecting pipe 51 so that the steam from the evaporator 12 can be introduced. Has been.

  A condensate storage part (tub) 54 having a heat exchange pipe 52 disposed on the bottom side is provided in a condensing tower (apparatus body) 50 of the condensing device 14, and a contact filler 56 is disposed above the condensate storage part 54. Further, a sprinkling pipe 58 is disposed above the steam inlet 49 of the condensing tower 50. The inlet of the sprinkling pipe 58 is connected via a circulation pipe 62 provided with a circulation pump 60 so that the condensate from the condensate reservoir 54 can be circulated. An overflow pipe 55 for collecting fresh water is provided at an intermediate height position of the condensate storage unit 54. Although not shown, the overflow pipe 55 is connected to a water storage tank or an irrigation pump by a hose or the like.

  Condensation tower 50 is also easy to assemble and disassemble by forming a skeleton with the bathtub and aggregate forming condensate reservoir 54 and forming outer wall 30 with aluminum foil, a reflector or the like, similarly to evaporation tower 18. A barack structure can be obtained.

  A cooling heat medium can pass through the heat exchange pipe 52. The cooling heat medium may be seawater (liquid to be treated), and may further be a cooling heat medium cooled by a cooling tower or a chiller.

  The contact filler (filler) 56 is not particularly limited, and may be a Raschig ring or the like used as a normal filler, but preferably has the following structure (filler element) described in Japanese Patent No. 193139. Contact efficiency is good compared to other fillers.

“A plate-like packing element in which a number of flat resin pipes made of synthetic resin cut in accordance with the height of the counter-flow contact portion of the cooling tower are connected in parallel at least at the upper end so as to be independently swingable.”
If the injection pressure of the circulating water injected from the water spray pipe is set to a predetermined pressure (for example, 0.1 MPa or more), the introduction of steam from the evaporator is promoted by the ejector effect (suction effect).

  In the present embodiment, the liquid to be treated (seawater or the like) can be supplied to the evaporator 12 via the solar water heater 64. The installation location of the solar water heater 64 is provided in the ceiling part of the condensation tower 50 in this embodiment. The solar water heater 64 is not particularly limited in its installation position as long as the supply pipes to be processed can be disposed between the outlet 64b and the injection pipes 40 and 40A of the evaporation tower 18 and the inlets 40a and 40a. Further, the heat exchange pipe 52 may be interposed between the inlet 64a of the solar water heater 64 and the intake of the treated water (raw material).

  Further, the condensation tower (condenser main body) 50 is arranged on the north side or the west side of the evaporation tower (evaporator main body) 18, and a reflection treatment film is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the condensation tower 50 or covered with a reflection film. It is desirable to keep it. The solar heat utilization factor of the evaporator 12 can be increased.

  As the reflection treatment film, mirror plating or the like can be used, and as the reflection film, silver vinyl, aluminum vapor deposition heat insulation / heat insulation sheet, or the like can be used. Similarly, a heat shield / heat insulating sheet may be provided on the inner peripheral surface of the outer wall 30 of the condensation tower, or a reflection process may be performed.

  These treatments can be expected to increase the cooling / warming effect of the condensation tower.

  The structural material (aggregate) and wall material of the condensation tower main body can be formed of the same materials as those in the evaporation tower 18.

  Next, usage modes (examples) of the desalination apparatus will be described.

  In the desalination apparatus shown in FIG. 1, seawater desalination treatment is performed in autumn using an evaporation tower 18 having an inner diameter of 2 m and an inner height of 6 m, and a condensing tower 50 having an inner diameter of 60 cm and an inner height of 6.5 m. went.

  The lower injection pipe and the upper injection pipe used the following specifications.

Lower injection pipe: ring center diameter: 180 cm, pipe inner diameter: 4 cm, injection nozzle (nozzle diameter 0.4 mm, nozzle inclination angle α: 10 °): 70,
Upper injection pipe: ring center diameter: 80 cm, pipe inner diameter: 4 cm, injection nozzle (nozzle diameter 0.4 mm): 30,
Environmental conditions are: Weather: Sunny, Temperature: 25 ° C, Evaporating tower temperature: 31 ° C, Humidity (RH) 48%, Seawater is taken up with a water pump (not shown) (0.15 MPa) Injection amount: Injection was performed under the condition of 600 dm ³ h ⁻¹ .

The intake pump used was a magnet type with a diameter of 20 A, a lift of 18 m, and a discharge amount of 20 dm ³ min ^-1 .

The circulation pump 60 was a line type and had a specification of a caliber: 32 A, a lift: 8 m, and a discharge amount: 150 dm ³ min ⁻¹ .

As a result, 573 dm ³ h ⁻¹ fresh water was obtained from the overflow tube 55 of the condenser 50. Also, 1500 gh ^-1 sea salt could be recovered from the product outlet of the evaporation tower.

In the above, the injection tube may be only the lower injection tube 40A, or the upper injection tube 40 may be configured to inject upward. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, a large number of injection nozzles 38 arranged at a predetermined pitch in the ring-shaped injection pipe 40 </ b> A may be configured to be able to generate a swirling flow inside the upper position of the lower injection pipe 40 </ b> A. That is, it is assumed that the inclination angle α to the upper inner side of the injection nozzle 38 is 5 to 45 ° and is inclined by a predetermined angle from the radial direction. At this time, the turning direction is normally counterclockwise (left turning) in the northern hemisphere and clockwise (right turning) in the southern hemisphere . This is to use the Coriolis force of the earth's rotation.

  In this way, if a vortex flow toward the inner central portion of the evaporation tower is generated, the water vapor smoothly rises toward the exhaust port 22 and is introduced into the inlet 49 of the condenser 14 through the connecting pipe 51. On the other hand, sea salt (including hydrated material) falls on the bottom board by its own weight.

(2) Second embodiment (FIG. 3)
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the condensing device 14 is eliminated, and only the evaporation device 12 </ b> A is used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Dried product), slurry components, or high-boiling components.

  The same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  Hereinafter, different parts will be described.

  A ceiling portion of the evaporation tower 18 is formed in a dome shape, and a cap 66 is attached to the open upper end portion of the exhaust port 22 so that rainwater or the like does not enter. The cap shape is not limited to the Jinkasa shape, and may be a reverse bowl shape. Furthermore, if the tip of the cylindrical body that forms the exhaust port 22 is slightly directed in the perpendicular direction or downward, a cap for preventing intrusion of rainwater or the like is unnecessary.

  In this embodiment, one (or a plurality of) reflecting mirrors 68 corresponding to the size of the evaporation apparatus (evaporation tower) may be installed.

  This is because the solar heat irradiation temperature tends to decrease as the latitude increases from directly below the equator. For example, in the northern hemisphere, the northwestern side of the sun gets worse and the overall temperature rise cannot be expected (it is difficult to obtain a good greenhouse effect).

  The reflecting mirror 68 is supported by a support rod 70 with a carriage via an angle adjusting jig 69. The mirror surface of the reflecting mirror 68 is arbitrary, such as a glass mirror, a resin plating plate, a steel plating plate.

  By the way, when the surface temperature was measured with and without a reflector on the shade using a plastic ball (φ8cm) on a clear day in autumn, the former was 34 ° C and the latter was 26.5 ° C. It was. At the same time, the surface temperature of the sunshine part of the ball was 34.5 ° C.

  In each of the above embodiments, when the evaporation tower 18 is large, the number of injection tubes is not limited to a pair or one, and a plurality of pairs or a plurality of injection tubes may be provided.

  The evaporation apparatus of the present invention can also process (solid-liquid separation) muddy water, surplus sludge water of a wastewater treatment facility, and suspension (including slurry) such as paint.

  That is, the liquids to be treated can be separated into solid and liquid without undergoing a dehydrating process by a dehydrator through a coagulation operation using a coagulant.

  In other words, if the spray nozzle diameter is such that the solid dispersed particles in the slurry can pass, the solid dispersed particles and the liquid are simultaneously sprayed into the evaporation tower, so that the solid dispersed particles fall to the floor surface. As it accumulates, the liquid evaporates.

  If the liquid is agglomerated by a condensing device, it can be recovered as distilled water when the liquid to be treated is aqueous, and as a regenerated solvent when the liquid to be treated is solvent-based.

  In particular, in desert regions such as the Middle East where oil depletion is expected to come in the near future, there is a need for greening, that is, expansion of the cultivation limit of agricultural crops. In such areas, if the desalination apparatus of the present invention is used, saltwater (seawater, lake lagoon water, underground brine) is obtained at low cost and used as irrigation water, contributing to the expansion of cultivation limit land (greening). Can be expected.

It is a model figure which shows one form of the evaporator / condenser which combined the evaporator of this invention with the condenser. It is a perspective view which shows the other form of the injection tube applicable in FIG. It is a model figure which shows another one form which similarly combined the evaporator with the reflective apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

12, 12A ... evaporation device,
14 ... Condenser,
16 ... desalination device,
18 ... Evaporation tower (Evaporator body)
38 ... Injection nozzle 40 ... Upper injection tube 40A ... Lower injection tube 50 ... Condensation tower (condenser main body)

Claims (6)

An evaporation tower which is an apparatus main body which is formed of a transparent material and has an outer wall portion that can use the sun as a main heat source , and an injection means for a liquid to be treated are disposed in the evaporation tower , and the injection means includes a number of injection nozzles. In an evaporator having a configuration including a ring-shaped injection pipe,
The evaporator is characterized in that the spray nozzles are arranged at a predetermined pitch in the spray pipe, and the spray direction of the spray nozzles is an obliquely upward inner direction. An evaporation tower which is an apparatus main body which is formed of a transparent material and has an outer wall portion that can use the sun as a main heat source , and an injection means for a liquid to be treated are disposed in the evaporation tower , and the injection means includes a number of injection nozzles. In an evaporator having a configuration including a ring-shaped injection pipe,
The jet pipes are arranged up and down facing each other,
In the lower injection pipe, the injection nozzles are arranged at a predetermined pitch, and the injection direction of the injection nozzles is an obliquely upward inner direction,
In the upper injection pipe, the injection nozzles are arranged at a predetermined pitch, and the injection direction of the injection nozzles is downward,
The liquid to be treated can collide at an intermediate height position of the upper and lower injection pipes,
An evaporation apparatus characterized by that.   2. The evaporator according to claim 1, wherein a swirling flow can be generated at an inner upper position by setting the spraying direction of the spraying nozzle to be inclined at a predetermined angle from the radial direction.   The evaporation tower according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the evaporation tower has a barrack structure including a framework formed of a bottom plate and an aggregate and an outer wall portion formed of a transparent material. apparatus.   A method for using an evaporator, comprising using the evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in combination with a condenser.   The condensing tower of the condensing device has a barrack structure including a tub that forms a condensate liquid storage part, a skeleton formed of aggregate, and an outer wall part formed of a heat insulating material. 5. A method of using the evaporator according to 5.

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