JP5573172B2 - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a vertical pulverizer suitable for pulverizing coal, oil coke, slag, clinker, limestone, other inorganic raw materials, and organic raw materials such as biomass, and is particularly suitable for finely pulverizing the raw materials. The present invention relates to a vertical crusher.

Conventionally, a crusher called a vertical crusher (sometimes called a vertical mill or a vertical roller mill) has been widely used as an apparatus for crushing coal or the like.
Here, FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a conventional vertical pulverizer as a reference. The vertical pulverizer has an excellent characteristic that the raw material can be efficiently pulverized. Depending on the type and pulverization conditions, abnormal vibrations occurred. Since the abnormal vibration generated in the vertical crusher is induced by various causes, it is necessary to take various measures according to the cause of the vibration. Therefore, many countermeasures for preventing abnormal vibration have been proposed for vertical crushers.

For example, as a situation where abnormal vibration is likely to occur, a case is known in which the raw material is repeatedly pulverized in the machine in order to finely pulverize the raw material.
This is because when the raw material is finely pulverized, it is necessary to pulverize the raw material repeatedly in a vertical pulverizer. The raw material that is repeatedly pulverized in the machine is called a circulating raw material, but the particle size of the circulating raw material is naturally smaller than the raw material before pulverization that is newly input to the vertical crusher.

  The above-mentioned circulating raw material becomes smaller as the finer product is obtained, but generally, the particle has a property of enclosing a larger amount of air as it becomes finer. In particular, if the raw material is pulverized, the amount of the circulating raw material increases, so the raw material layer on the rotary table contains a large amount of fine raw material with a small particle size and a high porosity (so-called bulky state). The density is low).

Since the bulky raw material layer described above contains a large amount of air, the pulverizing roller or the like is in a slippery state, and apparently, the friction coefficient of the raw material layer becomes small and slippery.
Therefore, if a bulky raw material layer is pulverized at once by the pulverizing roller, the pulverizing roller slips and slips on the raw material layer on the rotary table, and the rotation of the pulverizing roller becomes irregular, There was a problem that abnormal vibration occurred.

As one method for preventing abnormal vibration, a conventional technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. The prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a technique in which a raw material layer on a rotary table is degassed using an auxiliary roller, and once compacted, the raw material is efficiently caught in the grinding roller.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-174946

Here, it is described that the conventional technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be expected to have a certain effect in terms of preventing vibration.
However, in the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the crushing roller and the auxiliary roller are arranged on the same circumference of the rotary table, the auxiliary roller and the crushing roller must be arranged alternately. Therefore, for example, in the rotary table that can arrange four crushing rollers if no auxiliary roller is installed, when the auxiliary roller is arranged, a space is taken up by the auxiliary roller and only two crushing rollers are installed. In some cases, it was not possible to efficiently utilize the size of the rotary table.

In addition, since the crushing roller and the auxiliary roller are arranged on the same circumference of the rotary table, the raw material that is pulverized by the crushing roller without passing through the auxiliary roller, or the auxiliary roller, is partly used. There are raw materials that pass through the rotary table without passing through the crushing roller, and this causes a reduction in efficiency.

Since the pressure for pressing the raw material layer with the auxiliary roller during degassing (sometimes referred to as pressing force) is smaller than the pressure for pulverizing the raw material layer with the pulverizing roller, basically, large vibrations hardly occur.
However, even if the pressing force is small, if the raw material layer containing a large amount of air is rapidly consolidated, the air in the raw material layer is degassed at once, and a large amount of air is interposed between the auxiliary roller and the raw material layer. As a result, slip occurs between the auxiliary roller and the raw material layer, which leads to vibration. Therefore, care must be taken not to interpose a large amount of air between the raw material layer and the auxiliary roller for deaeration.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems as described above, and prevents abnormal vibrations by efficiently degassing the bulky raw material layer when the raw material is finely pulverized. The present invention relates to a vertical crusher suitable for efficiently crushing raw materials.

In order to achieve the above object, a vertical crusher according to the present invention comprises:
(1) A vertical crusher comprising a crushing roller on a rotary table, and crushing the raw material charged on the rotary table with a crushing roller,
A configuration in which a deaeration part in which balls for deaeration are arranged in a ring shape is formed on the inner peripheral plane of the rotary table on which the pulverization roller is arranged, and the raw material that has passed through the deaeration part is pulverized by the pulverization roller It was.

(2) In the vertical crusher according to (1), the deaeration ball is formed with a plurality of deaeration holes through which gas passes, and the deaeration holes are through holes penetrating the inside of the ball. A certain configuration was adopted.

(3) In the vertical crusher according to (1) or (2), a ring-shaped ball housing is disposed on the deaeration ball, and an upper portion of the ball is covered with the housing, A plurality of cylinder mechanisms in which springs are inserted are arranged on the ball housing, and degassing balls are pressed against the rotary table by the repulsive force of the springs inserted into the cylinder mechanisms.

According to the present invention, the crushing roller and the deaeration part are not arranged on the same circumference of the rotary table.
For this reason, the problem that the space for installing the deaeration part as in the prior art is not increased and the number of pulverizing rollers cannot be increased hardly occurs, and the size of the rotary table can be used efficiently. In the present invention, the deaeration part is formed on the rotary table in a ring shape so as to surround the raw material charging position from the periphery. Therefore, structurally, there is almost no raw material which does not pass through the deaeration part and is crushed by the pulverizing roller.

In addition, according to the present invention, the gas released from the raw material layer at the time of degassing is formed below the ball by forming a plurality of gas vent holes penetrating the ball for degassing. It is possible to secure a flow path for promptly flowing from the outlet.
Therefore, according to the present invention, a large amount of air generated when the raw material layer is consolidated is quickly discharged from below the ball through the vent hole.

It is a figure explaining the whole structure of a vertical grinder related to this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure and arrangement | positioning of a deaeration part in connection with this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the ball for deaeration in connection with this embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the behavior of the raw material and gas in a deaeration part in connection with this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the whole structure of the vertical crusher by a prior art.

Hereinafter, an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 to 4 relate to the present embodiment, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the main part for explaining the overall configuration of the vertical crusher, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part for explaining the structure and arrangement of the deaeration unit. (1) is a figure explaining a cylinder mechanism and a ball housing, and (2) is a figure explaining a crushing roller and a ball for deaeration. FIG. 3 is a view for explaining a deaeration ball, in which (1) is an overview and (2) is a cross-sectional view. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the behavior of the raw material and gas in the deaeration section.

Hereinafter, the preferable structure of the vertical crusher 1 by this invention is demonstrated.
A vertical crusher 1 used in the present embodiment includes a casing 1B that forms an outline of the vertical crusher 1 as shown in FIG. 1, a speed reducer 2B and a drive motor 2M installed at the lower part of the vertical crusher 1. A rotary table 2, a conical crushing roller 5, a raw material charging chute for charging the raw material, etc., and a spring-type pressing cylinder mechanism 50, a ball housing 52, and a deaeration ball 55 etc. are provided.
The vertical crusher 1 used in the present embodiment includes an inverter power supply as a driving power source for the drive motor 2M, and a variable speed vertical crusher in which the rotation speed of the rotary table can be arbitrarily changed during operation. Machine 1.

The vertical crusher 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a rotary classifier 14 above the rotary table 2. Briefly describes the structure of the classifier 14, the classifying vanes 14A to classifying blade support 14C extending from around the rotary cylinder 14 B which arranged around the raw material charging chute and is attached, the top of the vertical grinder 1 When the rotating cylinder 14B is rotated by a drive motor (not shown) installed in, the classification blade 14A is also rotated.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a funnel-shaped cone 16 is disposed below the classifier 14. Although the details will be described later, the cone 16 is fixed to the casing 1B by a plurality of support members 16A, and the raw material that has not been taken out of the machine after passing through the classification blade 14A falls into the cone 16 from above. Thus, the rotary table 2 is again put in the vicinity of the center.

Furthermore, in the vertical crusher 1 shown in FIG. 1, a gas supply port 33 for introducing a gas is provided below the rotary table 2, and an upper intake for taking out the product together with the gas is provided above the rotary table. An outlet 39 is provided.
The vertical crusher 1 shown in FIG. 1 passes through the classifier 14 from below the rotary table 2 by introducing gas (air in this embodiment) from the gas supply port 33 during operation by the above-described configuration. Thus, a gas flow that flows to the upper outlet 39 is generated.

The raw material pulverized on the turntable 2 is blown up by the gas and rises in the casing and flows in the direction of the classifier 14, but the raw material having a large diameter and a large weight cannot reach the classifier 14, Alternatively, by falling without being able to pass, it is circulated in the vertical crusher 1 and becomes a circulating raw material that is pulverized again.
And most of the small diameter raw material that has passed through the classifier 14 is taken out as a product from the upper outlet 39, but the relatively large diameter raw material that has not been partially taken out is contained in the funnel-shaped cone 16. To the center of the rotary table 2 again.

Here, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 (1) and 2 (2), a plurality of crushing rollers 5 are provided on the upper surface of the rotary table 2 (sometimes referred to as the rotary table upper surface 2A). Are arranged so that they can be pressed in the direction of the rotary table 2. And the crushing roller 5 is driven by the rotation table 2 via the raw material to rotate with the rotation table 2 rotating.
Note that four crushing rollers 5 in the present embodiment are arranged on the rotary table 2 in such a manner that the phase is shifted by 90 degrees on the outer peripheral portion thereof.
In addition, the model | type of the vertical crusher 1 which can be used for this embodiment is not restricted to what was mentioned above, Of course, it can change without deviating from the technical idea of this invention.

Hereinafter, the structure of the pressing cylinder mechanism 50, the ball housing 52, and the deaeration ball will be described with reference to FIG.
The pressing cylinder mechanism 50 according to this embodiment has a structure in which a strong spring is inserted into a case of a slide-type hollow tube, and its upper end is connected to the cone 16 via a connecting bar 60. The lower end is connected to the ball housing 52.
A plurality of deaeration balls 55 are arranged in a ring shape below the ball housing 52.
According to the pressing cylinder mechanism 50 according to the present embodiment, the deaeration is performed via the ball housing 52 by adjusting the entire length of the pressing cylinder mechanism 50 or changing the type or length of the inserted spring. The ball 55 can be pressed against the rotary table 2 and the pressing force (ball pressing force) can be adjusted.

Further, in this embodiment, a plurality of through holes 55A as shown in FIG. 3 are formed in the deaeration ball 55 so that the gas during the deaeration is smoothly discharged.
As can be seen from FIG. 3 (2), in the present embodiment, the through hole 55A passes through the center of the ball and reaches the opposite side. Here, the size of the through-hole 55A necessary for the gas to escape will be described. If it is too small, the gap for discharging the gas becomes too small and the air cannot be discharged sufficiently. On the other hand, if the dimensions are too large, the raw materials are clogged, and as a result, the gas discharge is worsened. Accordingly, the hole diameter is preferably in the range of φ2 mm to φ15 mm.

The deaeration roller 55 is not a ball for pulverizing the raw material. Therefore, it is usually preferable for the deaeration ball 55 to have a pressing force per unit area smaller than that of the crushing roller 5.

Hereinafter, a preferable example of the operation method of the vertical crusher 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the raw material (in this embodiment, coal) input to the raw material input port 35 of the vertical crusher 1 is input to the vicinity of the center of the rotary table via the raw material input chute 13. Although details will be described later, similarly, the raw material that has not passed through the classification blade 14 </ b> A and has not been taken out of the machine is guided by the cone 16 and is introduced near the center of the turntable 2.
As shown in FIG. 4, the raw material charged near the center of the turntable 2 moves to the outer peripheral side of the turntable while drawing a spiral trajectory, and between the degassing balls 55 and the turntable 2. Although passing through (deaeration zone D), the raw material layer on the rotary table is deaerated by the deaeration balls 55 when being passed through the deaeration zone D and is consolidated.
The raw material deaerated after passing through the deaeration zone D is caught between the rotary table 2 and the crushing roller 5 (crushing zone F) and pulverized.
The raw material caught by the rotary table 2 and the pulverizing roller 5 passes over the dam ring 15 provided around the outer edge of the rotary table 2, and the gap between the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface 2 of the rotary table and the casing. To the annular passage 30 (sometimes referred to as the annular space 30).

The raw material that has reached the annular passage 30 is blown up by the gas and moves up in the casing to flow in the direction of the classifier 14, but the raw material having a large diameter and a large weight reaches the classifier 14. If it falls without being able to pass through the classifier 14, it becomes a circulating raw material that circulates in the vertical crusher 1 and is repeatedly pulverized.
The cone 16 is fixed to the casing 1B by a support member (not shown), and the raw material that has passed through the classification blade 14A and has not been taken out of the machine falls into the cone 16 and is near the center of the rotary table. It is configured to be input again.

The circulating raw material is repeatedly supplied onto the rotary table until it is discharged to the outside with a predetermined particle size, degassed in the degassing zone D and consolidated, and then the rotary table 2 and the grinding roller It is bitten into the grinding zone F between 5 and crushed.
On the other hand, the raw material pulverized to a predetermined particle size passes through the classifier 14 and is taken out from the upper outlet 39 as a pulverized product.

In the case of finely pulverizing the raw material, the ratio of the circulating raw material is increased in the vertical pulverizer 1, and a bulky raw material layer is formed.
However, according to the present embodiment, the ring-shaped degassing zone D is formed so as to surround the vicinity of the raw material charging position of the turntable 2 so as to enter the grinding zone F without passing through the degassing zone D. The ratio of the raw material which reaches | attains can be reduced sharply, and a bulky raw material can be effectively consolidated.
In the prior art, the crushing roller and the auxiliary roller are arranged on the same circumference of the rotary table, and the deaeration zone and the crushing zone are formed on the same circumference of the rotary table. In the present embodiment, since the deaeration zone D is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the pulverization zone F, it is difficult to take up space in the formation of the deaeration zone and difficult to take up the space of the pulverization zone, As a result, the size of the rotary table can be used efficiently.

Also, when degassing with a degassing ball, the pressure for pressing the raw material layer is smaller than the pressure for pressing and pulverizing the raw material layer with a pulverizing roller. If the raw material layer containing a large amount of air is rapidly consolidated, the air in the raw material layer may be deaerated all at once, and a large amount of air may be present in the degassing part.
In this embodiment, the deaeration roller 55 is formed with a plurality of through holes for degassing. Therefore, a large amount of air generated when the raw material layer is consolidated can be quickly discharged through the through hole. Accordingly, since a large amount of air does not stay between the raw material layer and the degassing balls, abnormal vibration is suppressed.

As described above, the vertical crusher according to the present invention has a feature that vibration is less likely to occur even during fine pulverization as compared with the conventional pulverizer. Can be used as

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical crusher 2 Rotary table 5 Grinding roller 6 Swing lever 8 Hydraulic cylinder 8A Piston rod 13 Raw material input chute 14 Classifier 15 Dam ring 35 Raw material input port 39 Upper outlet 50 Press cylinder mechanism 52 Housing case 55 For deaeration Ball 60 Connecting bar D Degassing zone F Grinding zone

Claims (3)

A vertical crusher provided with a crushing roller on a rotary table and crushing the raw material charged on the rotary table with a crushing roller,
A deaeration part in which balls for deaeration are arranged in a ring shape is formed on the inner peripheral plane of the rotary table on which the pulverization roller is arranged, and the raw material that has passed through the deaeration part is pulverized by the pulverization roller. Mold crusher. 2. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of deaeration holes for allowing gas to pass through are formed in the deaeration ball, and the deaeration holes are through holes penetrating the inside of the ball. . A ring-shaped ball housing is disposed on the deaeration ball, and the upper part of the ball is covered with the housing.
A plurality of cylinder mechanisms in which springs are inserted are arranged on the ball housing, and degassing balls are pressed against the rotary table by the repulsive force of the springs inserted into the cylinder mechanisms. The vertical crusher according to claim 1 or 2.

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