JP5566875B2 - Displacement measuring device using a sphere - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a displacement measuring apparatus using a sphere for measuring the amount of displacement of a structure.

Conventionally, various displacement measuring devices that measure the amount of displacement of a structure such as a building have been used.
For example, in Patent Document 1, a support portion attached to a structure, a support body supported by the support portion so as to be movable in the horizontal direction, and a support body and the structure or the horizontal portion of the structure provided on the support portion. There is disclosed a displacement measuring device including an absolute displacement calculating unit that calculates an absolute displacement amount in a direction.
In this displacement measuring apparatus, when the structure vibrates in the horizontal direction due to an earthquake or the like, the support portion also vibrates in the horizontal direction together with the structure. At this time, the support body is supported by the support portion so as to be movable in the horizontal direction, and vibrations in the horizontal direction of the support portion are hardly transmitted, so that the support body remains at one point without moving in the horizontal direction.
And the absolute displacement amount of a structure can be calculated by measuring the relative displacement amount of a support part and a support body.

Patent Document 1 also discloses a displacement measuring device in which a support body moves on the rail using a rail or the like that curves downward in the support portion.
In this displacement measuring apparatus, since the support body can move on the rail, the support portion and the support body can be smoothly displaced relatively, and the absolute displacement amount of the structure can be calculated with high accuracy.

JP 2010-19748 A

Support for movement along a curved surface such as rail movement, because it is decelerated as it moves from the lower side of the support portion to the upper side, by a frictional force between the support when moved to the upper side of the supporting part May stop. When the movement of the support portion stops, the support moves with the support portion, and thus there is a problem that the absolute displacement amount of the structure cannot be calculated.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that when the support body moves to the upper side of the support section, it can be prevented that the movement stops due to the frictional force with the support body, and the support body and the support section are smooth. Another object of the present invention is to provide a displacement measuring device using a sphere that can be relatively displaced.

In order to achieve the above object, a displacement measuring device using a sphere according to the present invention is a displacement measuring device that is provided in a structure and measures the amount of displacement of the structure, and is fixed to the structure and has a concave shape. Measuring a relative displacement amount of the support portion on which the curved surface is formed, a support body and a sphere supported so as to be movable along the curved surface, the structure or the support portion, and the support body, An absolute displacement calculator that calculates an absolute displacement amount of the structure, and the support includes a support plate formed with an opening capable of supporting the sphere, and the curved surface provided in the support plate A moving wheel in contact with the opening, and the sphere is configured to be movable in the opening when the sphere is disposed in the opening, and the sphere is in contact with the curved surface. And the coefficient of friction between the sphere and the curved surface is And wherein the less than the frictional coefficient between the wheel and the curved surface.

In the present invention, the support includes a support plate portion in which an opening capable of supporting the sphere is formed, and a moving wheel provided in the support plate portion and in contact with the curved surface, and the sphere is provided in the opening. When arranged, the sphere is configured to be movable in the opening, and the sphere is in contact with the curved surface, and the coefficient of friction between the sphere and the curved surface is between the moving wheel and the curved surface. When the support moves from the lower side to the upper side of the curved surface and stops due to friction between the moving wheel and the curved surface, the sphere does not stop and the curved surface does not stop. Since it moves up and contacts the support that has moved through the opening of the support and pushes the support, the movement of the support can be resumed.

Moreover, in the displacement measuring apparatus using the sphere according to the present invention, the support section may be formed in a cylindrical shape, and the support body, the sphere body, and the absolute displacement calculation section may be arranged therein.
As described above, the support part is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the support body, the sphere, and the absolute displacement calculation unit are disposed inside, so that the support body, the sphere, and the absolute displacement calculation part are removed from the support part. In addition, it is possible to prevent foreign matters from colliding with the support, the sphere, the absolute displacement calculation unit, and the like, and dust and the like. Thereby, the displacement of the structure can be measured with high accuracy and the maintenance of the displacement measuring device can be facilitated.

Moreover, in the displacement measuring apparatus using the sphere according to the present invention, the support portion may be formed of a vinyl chloride tube.
Thus, since the support portion is made of a vinyl chloride pipe, the vinyl chloride pipe is easy to process and can reduce the material cost, thereby reducing the cost for manufacturing the displacement measuring device. be able to.

In the displacement measuring device using a sphere according to the present invention, the support may include a roller provided so as to be spaced apart from an inner upper surface of the support.
As described above, the support body includes the roller provided so as to be spaced apart from the inner upper surface of the support portion, so that even when the support body is displaced upward in the support portion, the roller is provided. And the inner upper surface of the support portion come into contact with each other, so that the support body can be prevented from greatly jumping up in the support portion.

Moreover, in the displacement measuring apparatus using the sphere according to the present invention, the curved surface may be formed in a partial spherical shape that curves downward.
In this way, the curved surface is formed in a partially spherical shape that curves downward, so that the support can move in multiple directions along the curved surface, so the displacement of the structure can be measured with high accuracy. can do.

Moreover, in the displacement measuring apparatus using a sphere according to the present invention, the support may include a switch that drives the absolute displacement calculation unit when the sphere contacts.
As described above, the support body includes the switch that drives the absolute displacement calculation unit when the spherical body comes into contact with the support body, so that the absolute displacement calculation unit can be driven when the structure vibrates.

According to the present invention, even when the support moves from the lower side to the upper side of the curved surface and stops due to friction between the moving wheel and the curved surface, the sphere moves on the curved surface without stopping. Then, the displacement of the structure can be measured with high accuracy because the movement of the support can be resumed by abutting against the support moved in the opening of the support and pressing the support.

It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that the displacement measuring device by 1st Embodiment of this invention is attached to the building. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the displacement measuring apparatus by 1st Embodiment of this invention. (A) is an A direction arrow view of FIG. 2, (b) is a B direction arrow view of FIG. It is a figure which shows the displacement measuring apparatus attached to the ceiling surface of a building. (A) is a perspective view explaining the support body and sphere of the displacement measuring device by 1st Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a top view of (a). (A) is a figure which shows the displacement measuring apparatus by 2nd Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a figure explaining the support body and spherical body of (a). It is a figure which shows the modification of the displacement measuring device by 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other modification of the displacement measuring apparatus by 1st Embodiment.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a displacement measuring apparatus using a sphere according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, the displacement measuring device (displacement measuring device using a sphere) 1 according to this embodiment is attached to a plurality of buildings (structures) K to measure the displacement amount of the building K caused by an earthquake or wind. Each is measured. In this embodiment, the displacement measuring device 1 is attached below the slab S of the building K and at the ground level (GL).
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the displacement measuring device 1 includes a support portion 2 formed in a cylindrical shape and fixed to a building K (see FIG. 1), and the support portion 2 disposed inside the support portion 2. The horizontal displacement of the support 3 and the sphere 4, which can be moved in the direction of the two axes (direction of arrow C in FIG. 4), and the support 2 and the support 3, is measured. An absolute displacement calculation unit 5 that calculates displacement, an operation detection unit (switch) 6 (see FIG. 3A) that detects relative displacement between the support unit 2 and the support 3, and the operation detection unit 6 are connected. And a control unit (not shown) that controls the driving of the absolute displacement calculation unit 5.

As shown in FIG. 4, the support portion 2 is a slab of the building K whose center axis is curved in an arc shape and whose both axial ends 2 a and 2 a are above the central portion 2 b in the axial direction. It is fixed to the lower surface of S. In the present embodiment, a vinyl chloride pipe is used for the support portion 2, and both axial ends 2 a and 2 a of the support portion 2 are fixed to the lower surface of the slab S with the fixtures 21, respectively, and the axial central portion 2 b and A spacer 22 is provided between the slab S and the support portion 2 is bent downward.
.
Since the support portion 2 is curved downward, the support body 3 (see FIG. 2) disposed in the support portion 2 is normally in the axial center portion 2b of the support portion 2 when the building K is not vibrating. Is located.
The inner lower surface 2a of the support portion 2 corresponds to the curved surface of the present invention.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the support 3 is installed on the support plate 31 and a support plate 31 to which a sensor 5a (see FIG. 3A) described later of the absolute displacement calculation unit 5 is attached. A plurality of wheels (moving wheels) 32 capable of traveling in the axial direction of the support portion 2 along the inner lower surface 2c of the support portion 2 and a holding plate portion 33 fixed above the support plate portion 31 are rotatably held. And a roller 34.

  The support plate portion 31 is a plate-like member, and is installed so that the surface direction thereof is substantially horizontal when the support body 3 is positioned at the central portion 2b (see FIG. 4) of the support portion 2 in the axial direction. Has been. The support plate 31 has a sensor 5a attached to the center in the traveling direction, and openings 31a and 31a through which the spheres 4 are inserted are formed at both ends in the traveling direction. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the opening 31a is formed in a size that allows a gap d1 between the opening 31a and the surface of the inserted sphere 4.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, two wheels 32 are attached to each side of the support plate 31 in the traveling direction. As shown in FIG. 3B, the wheel 32 is configured to be able to roll along the inner lower surface 2 c of the support portion 2. In the present embodiment, since the support portion 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape, the wheel 32 can move with respect to the support plate portion 31 so as to be able to roll along the inner lower surface 2c of the arc-shaped support portion 2. It is attached with an inclination.
The number of wheels 32 may be other than the above, and a bearing or the like may be attached in place of the wheels 32.
As shown in FIG. 3, the roller 34 is attached to the holding plate portion 33 such that a predetermined distance d2 is provided between the upper end portion of the roller 34 and the inner upper surface 2d of the support portion 2. When the support 3 is displaced upward in the support portion 2, the roller 34 comes into contact with the inner upper surface 2 d of the support portion 2, and extends in the axial direction of the support portion 2 along the inner upper surface 2 d of the support portion 2. It is configured to be movable.

The spherical body 4 is an iron ball or the like, for example, and is configured to be able to roll in the axial direction of the support portion 2 along the inner lower surface 2c of the support portion 2 while being inserted through the opening portion 31a.
Further, since the gap d is formed so as to have a gap d with the surface of the sphere 4 through which the opening 31a is inserted, the sphere 4 can move within the gap d within the opening 31a. it can.
The spherical body 4 is configured such that the friction coefficient between the inner lower surface 2c of the support portion 2 is smaller than the friction coefficient between the wheel 32 of the support member 3 and the inner lower surface 2c of the support portion 2. Yes.

The absolute displacement calculation unit 5 calculates the absolute displacement amount of the building K (see FIG. 1) from the sensor 5a that measures the relative displacement between the support 3 and the support 2 and the relative displacement between the support 2 and the support 3. And a calculating unit (not shown). The absolute displacement data of the building K calculated from the calculation unit is output to an external device via a communication unit (not shown).
As the sensor 5a, for example, Anotopen is adopted, a reference plate (not shown) on which the Anoto pattern is printed is provided on the support 2, and the Anotopen reads the dots of the Anoto pattern, so that the support 2 and the support 3 are provided. It is good also as a structure by which relative displacement is measured. Further, the sensor 5a may employ a barcode reader, an optical reading unit using light transmission / reflection, an optical mouse, a displacement detection method using a differential transformer, or the like.

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 5, the motion detection unit 6 includes, for example, a mechanical switch or the like, and when the support unit 2 and the support body 3 are relatively displaced in the axial direction of the support unit 2, When the sphere 4 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the opening 31a of the support 3, the switch is turned on and a drive signal is output to a control unit (not shown).
In the present embodiment, a plate-like member is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the opening 31a, and the switch is turned on when the sphere 4 comes into contact with the plate-like member.
The motion detection unit 6 is not limited to the above-described configuration. When the support unit 2 and the support 3 are relatively displaced in the axial direction of the support unit 2, the switch is turned on, and the drive signal is transmitted to the control unit ( It may be configured to output to (not shown).
The control unit is connected to the absolute displacement calculation unit 5 and the motion detection unit 6, receives the drive signal output from the motion detection unit 6, and drives the sensor 5 a and the calculation unit of the absolute displacement calculation unit 5. .
Although the control unit is provided in the present embodiment, the drive signal output from the motion detection unit 6 may be directly transmitted to the absolute displacement calculation unit 5 without providing the control unit.

Next, operation | movement of the displacement measuring apparatus 1 of embodiment mentioned above is demonstrated.
When vibration occurs in the building K due to an earthquake or the like, the support portion 2 vibrates in the same manner as the building K because it is fixed to the building K. On the other hand, the support body 3 is configured to be movable relative to the support section 2 in the axial direction of the support section 2, and vibrations in this direction are hardly transmitted from the support section 2. become.
At this time, the support body 3 has its wheels 32 rolling along the inner lower surface 2 c of the support portion 2 in accordance with the vibration of the support portion 2.
Further, since the sphere 4 is also configured to be movable relative to the support portion 2 in the axial direction of the support portion 2, it rolls according to the vibration of the support portion 2 and stays at one point.

And since the support part 2 and the support body 3 are displaced relatively, the operation | movement detection part 6 detects this relative displacement, and transmits to a control part. As a result, a drive signal for the absolute displacement calculator 5 is output from the controller, and the sensor 5a is driven.
The sensor 5a measures the relative displacement amount between the support portion 2 and the support body 3. Then, the absolute displacement amount of the building K is calculated by the calculation unit based on the displacement amount of the reference plate 52. The data calculated from this calculation unit is output to an external device via a communication unit (not shown).

At this time, the support body 3 and the sphere 4 move in the axial direction of the support section 2 along the inner lower surface 2c of the curved support section 2 with the support section 2 as a reference.
Here, when the support member 3 moves in the support portion 2, when the support member 3 swing up and moves to the end of the support 2, the displacement speed of the support 3 is decelerated, the wheel support 3 32 And the support 2 may cause the support 3 to stop.

In the present embodiment, the sphere 4 moves in the support portion 2 together with the support 3, and the friction coefficient between the sphere 4 and the support portion 2 is the friction between the wheel 32 of the support 3 and the support portion 2. Since the coefficient is smaller than the coefficient, the sphere 4 moves even when the support 3 is stopped.
When the sphere 4 is displaced while the support 3 is stopped, the sphere 4 is displaced in the opening 31 a formed in the support plate 31 of the support 3, and thus the inner peripheral surface of the opening 31 a. The support plate portion 31 is pushed against the contact. As a result, the support 3 starts moving and the movement is resumed.

Moreover, when the vibration of the building K subsides, the support body 3 is displaced toward the center portion 2b of the support portion 2 and stops at the center portion 2b of the support portion 2. That is, when no vibration is generated in the building K, the support 3 is always held by its own weight in the central portion 2 b of the support 2.
Further, since the support 3 is provided with a roller 34 above, when the support portion 2 moves in the vertical direction, the roller 34 of the support 3 and the inner upper surface 2d of the support portion 2 come into contact with each other. Therefore, the support body 3 does not jump greatly and can move smoothly in the support portion 2 in the axial direction.

Next, the effect of the displacement measuring apparatus 1 described above will be described with reference to the drawings.
According to the displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, since the spherical body 4 is provided, the movement of the support body 3 in the support section 2 does not stop, and the support body 3 and the support section 2 are efficiently relative to each other. Since it can be displaced, the support 3 itself can be kept at one point, and the displacement of the building K can be measured with high accuracy.

Further, when the building K is not vibrated, the support body 3 can be held at the position of the central portion 2b of the support portion 2 by its own weight, so that it is not necessary to return the position of the support body 3 after the vibration. can do.
Moreover, since the support part 2 is attached to the lower surface of the slab S, the displacement measuring device 1 can be attached to a position in the building K that is not affected by the human living space or work space. Therefore, a plurality of displacement measuring devices 1 can be installed on each floor, and the measurement accuracy can be further improved.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the second embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the same or similar members and parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. A different configuration will be described.
As shown in FIG. 6, the displacement measuring device 51 according to the second embodiment is formed in a partial spherical shape in which the support portion 52 is curved downward. The support body 53 is configured to be movable on the support portion 52.
In the present embodiment, three spheres 54 are provided, and are arranged at equal intervals around the centroid of the support 53 in plan view. The support 53 is formed with three openings 53a through which the sphere 54 is inserted.

Similar to the first embodiment, the opening 53a is formed so as to have a gap d1 between the inserted sphere 54 and the opening 54a. The spherical body 54 is configured such that the friction coefficient with the support portion 52 is smaller than the friction coefficient between the wheel 32 of the support body 53 and the support portion 52.
For this reason, the displacement measuring apparatus 51 by 2nd Embodiment has an effect similar to 1st Embodiment.
Moreover, according to the displacement measuring apparatus 51 by 2nd Embodiment, since the support body 53 can move on the support part 52 of a partial spherical shape, all the displacements of a horizontal direction can be measured.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of the displacement measuring apparatus 1 and 51 by this invention was described, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning, it can change suitably.
For example, the displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment described above includes two spheres 4, but one or more spheres 4 may be provided on the support 3. For example, one sphere 4 may be provided as shown in FIG. 7, or six spheres 4 may be provided as shown in FIG.

In the above-described embodiment, the displacement measuring devices 1 and 51 are provided on the lower surface of the slab S, but may be provided on the upper surface of the slab S.
Further, in the first embodiment described above, the support portion 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape, but may be formed in a rectangular tube shape. Moreover, the support part 2 does not need to be a cylinder shape, It is set as the rail which curves below, and the support body 3 may be installed in the upper part of this rail.
In the embodiment described above, the roller 34 is provided on the support 3. However, the roller 34 may not be provided on the support 3, and a stopper or the like may be provided instead of the roller 34. .

In the above-described embodiment, the motion detection unit 6 is a mechanical switch. However, the operation detection unit 6 is not limited to this, and can be changed as appropriate, such as an electromagnetic switch or an optical switch.
In the above-described embodiment, the sensor 5a is driven by the drive signal of the motion detection unit 6. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the sensor 5a may be constantly driven.

1,51 Displacement measuring device (Displacement measuring device using a sphere)
2,52 Support unit 3,53 Support unit 4,54 Sphere 6 Motion detection unit (switch)
31 Support plate part 31a Opening part 32 Wheel (moving wheel)
34 Laura K Building (structure)

Claims (6)

A displacement measuring device provided in a structure for measuring the amount of displacement of the structure,
A support portion fixed to the structure and formed with a concave curved surface;
A support and a sphere supported so as to be movable along the curved surface;
An absolute displacement calculator that measures the relative displacement between the structure or the support and the support and calculates the absolute displacement of the structure;
The support includes a support plate portion in which an opening capable of supporting the sphere is formed, and a moving wheel provided in the support plate portion and in contact with the curved surface,
When the sphere is arranged in the opening, the sphere is configured to be movable in the opening, and the sphere is in contact with the curved surface,
A displacement measuring apparatus using a sphere, wherein a friction coefficient between the sphere and the curved surface is smaller than a friction coefficient between the moving wheel and the curved surface.   The displacement measuring device using a sphere according to claim 1, wherein the support is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the support, the sphere, and the absolute displacement calculation unit are arranged therein. .   The displacement measuring device using a sphere according to claim 2, wherein the support portion is made of a vinyl chloride pipe.   The displacement measuring apparatus using a sphere according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the support includes a roller provided to be spaced apart from an inner upper surface of the support.   The displacement measuring apparatus using a sphere according to claim 1, wherein the curved surface is formed in a partial spherical shape that curves downward. The displacement measuring apparatus using a sphere according to claim 1, wherein the support includes a switch that drives the absolute displacement calculation unit when the sphere abuts. .

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