JP5553279B2 - Laminate production method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a molding method and a molded product such as a particle board using fruit shells.

  Conventionally, plants and fruit shells and seeds such as peanuts have been treated as industrial waste in principle. For example, Chiba Prefecture is one of the nation's leading peanut producing areas, and the production of peanuts in Chiba Prefecture in fiscal 2007 was about 13,800 tons. Processed and sold as a product. The amount of peanut shells generated at this time is about 1,700 tons, most of which is discarded as industrial waste.

Under such circumstances, the applicant has developed a particle board using a peanut shell (Non-patent Document 1). After spraying water onto peanut shells ground to about 1 mm, the particle board is charged with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin powder and stirred to uniformly adhere PVA to the peanut shells. It is put into a mold and molded by heating and compression at 180 ° C. for 5 minutes and a pressure of 3 MPa (megapascal).
By the way, for the particle board, a standard to be satisfied with respect to bending strength, bending elastic modulus, and the like is defined in JIS standard (Japanese Industrial Standard) (JIS A 5908). Therefore, the applicant conducted a bending test on the particle board disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.

The test method and test results are shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a test method of the bending test performed. This bending test was performed by a three-point bending test. As shown in FIG. 4A, the particle board test piece is 120 × 20 mm (thickness 3.8 mm), and as shown in FIG. 4B, the displacement speed is 1 mm / min, and the distance between fulcrums. Was 64 mm. Further, in the bending test, the mass content of the peanut shell was 80%, 85%, 90 for each of the pulverized peanut shell particles having a size of 1.4 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm. %, For each of the specimens.
The test results are shown in FIGS. In FIGS. 5 and 6, peanut shell particles having a size of 1.4 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm are respectively 1.4 mm-on, 1 mm-on, and 0.5 mm. -On is displayed.

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of bending strength. According to the JIS A 5908 standard, the bending strength of the particle board is required to be 8 MPa or more. When the mass content of peanut hulls is 80%, the bending strength is 11.1 MPa for 1.4 mm-on, 11.7 MPa for 1 mm-on, and 10.5 MPa for 0.5 mm-on. It exceeds the JIS regulation of 8 MPa.

  Next, FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results for the flexural modulus. According to the JIS A 5908 standard, the flexural modulus of the particle board is required to be 2 GPa (gigapascal) or more. As a result of the test, the flexural modulus was the highest when the mass content of the peanut shell was 80%, but it was still 1.14 GPa for 1.4 mm-on, 1.24 GPa for 0.1 mm-on, 0. In 5 mm-on, it was 1.10 GPa, and in either case, it was insufficient for 2 GPa as defined in JIS.

Yasuhiro Nishikawa, 2 others, “Research on Applied Technology of Composite Materials”, Research Report on Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chiba, Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Chiba, October 2008, No. 6, p.42-47

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the existing particle board is not able to clear the flexural modulus even though it can clear the JIS standard for the bending strength.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a molded product manufactured using a plant or a fruit shell, etc., for the purpose of providing a molded product having higher strength, Propose a molded product.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a first step of mixing a raw material obtained by pulverizing a plant or fruit shell or plant or fruit seed with a resin-based adhesive material, and the mixture and fiber. e Bei a second step of pressurizing by laminating a reinforcing material made of material, wherein the resin adhesive material is composed of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin and water, wherein in the second step, heat and pressure Further, in the second step, the mixture and the reinforcing material are molded and stacked in a mold, and a part of the mold is made of a cotton material. we propose a method for producing a laminated material you. Thereby, it is possible to manufacture a laminated material having higher strength than a conventional laminated material produced using plant or fruit shells. In addition, when PVA and water are used as the resin-based adhesive material, water vapor is generated when heated and pressurized in the second step, but the water vapor is formed through a part of the mold made of cotton material. Can escape to the outside.

In the second step, the mixture may be laminated so as to be sandwiched between the plurality of reinforcing materials. Thereby, for example, if the laminated material to be manufactured is a plate-like material, the reinforcing material is attached to both surfaces thereof, and the strength becomes higher.
The reinforcing material may be cloth-like. Thereby, since a reinforcement material will be arrange | positioned without a clearance gap in the surface of a laminated material, it will become a thing with higher intensity | strength.

Further, in the second step, the mixture may be laminated on the entire surface of the reinforcing material. Accordingly, the laminated material manufactured in order to be assumed that the entire surface reinforcement is arranged, strength Ru heightened such that a force can withstand also be added at any position of the laminate.

Further, the raw material is obtained by pulverizing peanut shells, and the mass ratio of the raw material in the mixture may be 70 to 85%. Because the shell of peanut the presence of the porous layer, when using the shell of peanut as raw materials, sound deadening, deodorant, moisture absorption, absorption of allergens, effects etc. can be expected.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminated material having higher strength than a conventional laminated material produced using a plant or fruit shell.

It is a figure explaining the manufacturing method of a laminated material. It is a figure explaining the process in which the mixture 105 is produced | generated from the peanut shell 102, PVA103, and water 104. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of a formwork. It is a figure explaining a bending test method. It is a figure which shows the graph of the test result of bending strength. It is a figure which shows the graph of the test result of a bending elastic modulus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Manufacturing method of laminated material)
FIG. 1 is a view showing a method for manufacturing a laminated material according to this embodiment. In this embodiment, the case where a plate-shaped laminated material (board) is manufactured will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the peanut shell 101 is pulverized by a pulverizer and then sifted to obtain only about 1 mm of powder as a raw material 102. Next, as shown in (b), after water 104 is sprayed on the raw material 102, a mixture 103 is obtained by adding and stirring a powder 103 of polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) which is a kind of synthetic resin. Is generated.
Next, as shown in (c), this mixture 105 is laminated in a mold so as to be sandwiched by linen cloth 106, and heated and compressed at 180 ° C. for 5 minutes at a pressure of 3 MPa by a hot press machine into a plate shape. After molding, as shown in (d), the molded board 107 is cooled until the temperature of the board 107 reaches about room temperature.

Here, PVA is a kind of synthetic resin, has high hydrophilicity, and has a property of dissolving in hot water. In addition, it is a synthetic resin that has strong adhesion to paper and wood. That is, as shown in FIG. 2A, when water 104 is sprayed on the powdery peanut shell 102 which is a raw material and then the PVA powder 103 is mixed, a water film 104 is formed around each peanut shell 102. The PVA particles 103 are deposited. When the peanut shell in such a state is heated and compressed by a hot press machine, the PVA powder 103 is dissolved by the heated water 104, and as shown in FIG. A film 201 is formed and adheres to each other at the portions 202 where the peanut shells come into contact with each other, and a mixture 105 is generated.
In other words, the board 107 manufactured by the manufacturing method of FIG. 1 is a plate-like aggregate formed by bonding pulverized peanut shells 101 to each other, and linen 106 is affixed to both sides thereof. It becomes. As described above, the linen 106 is attached to both surfaces of the board 107, so that the strength of the board 107 is increased.

(Formwork structure)
Next, the formwork used when the mixture 105 and the linen 106 are laminated and heated and compressed will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a mold installed in a hot press, and FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the mold. The mold frame includes an upper frame 301, a lower frame 302, and a horizontal frame 303. The hot press machine 305 applies pressure from above and below to the upper frame 301 and the lower frame 302, and the mixture 105 and linen 106 are pressure-bonded. The
Here, most of the upper frame 301, the lower frame 302, and the horizontal frame 303 are made of metal mainly composed of iron or the like, but the wall 303a that is a part of the horizontal frame 303 is made of a cotton material. It is configured. As described above, since the mixture 105 is a mixture of the raw material 102 (crushed peanut shell), PVA, and water, water vapor is generated by heat compression. Thus, by using a part of the horizontal frame 303 as a cotton material, the generated water vapor can be released to the outside of the mold through the wall 303a.

(Effect of this embodiment)
According to the bending test method shown in FIG. 4, the board 107 manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment has a bending elastic modulus of 2 GPa or more (in the case where the mass content of the raw material 102 is 70 to 85%). ). That is, by producing so that the linen 106 is disposed on both sides of the board 107, the bending elastic modulus is dramatically improved as compared with the existing particle board.

(Other embodiments)
Moreover, in said embodiment, although the case where PVA was used as a resin-type adhesive material was demonstrated, other resin can be substituted. Examples include urea resin, melamine resin, melamine / urea co-condensation resin, melamine resin, vinyl acetate resin, aqueous polymer-isocyanate series, α-olefin maleic anhydride resin, resorcinol resin, resorcinol / phenol resin, casein, etc. It is done.

  Further, in the above embodiment, crushed peanut shells were used as raw materials, but almonds, walnuts, ginkgo, cashew nuts, pecans (pecans), macadamia, pistachios, hazelnuts, coconuts, pine nuts, sunflower Seeds, pumpkin seeds, shii, chestnuts, sesame seeds, brazil nuts, watermelon seeds, etc., plant or fruit shells, or plant or fruit seeds crushed, or a mixture of these is the same. Can be manufactured.

In the above embodiment, linen is used as the reinforcing material, but other materials can be substituted. For example, cannabis, flax, jute, cannabis, ramie, Indian hemp, manila hemp, sisal hemp, silk, cotton, coconut, pineapple, banana, bamboo, straw, weed, wheat straw, rice straw , Any one of the three bases, the spears, etc., or the material which mixed these.
In the above embodiment, the case where the reinforcing material is in the form of cloth (linen) has been described. However, the form of the reinforcing material may be a thread shape (unidirectional, multidirectional, etc.), a mat shape, or a fabric shape. Any of knitted, braided, non-woven fabric, paper, etc., or a combination thereof may be used. Even if it is these forms, the intensity | strength of a molded article can be anticipated by arrange | positioning as a reinforcing material on the single side | surface or both surfaces of a laminated material.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the laminated material has a plate shape (board) has been described, but another shape may be used. For example, the present invention can be applied to any three-dimensional shape such as a rod shape, a tubular shape, a column shape, or a ring shape. Moreover, in said embodiment, although the case where it manufactured by pressing on both surfaces of a laminated material with a hot press machine was demonstrated, the shaping | molding method may differ with the shape of a laminated material. For example, molding methods such as injection molding and extrusion molding can be mentioned. It is also possible to perform continuous molding by rolling with a roller.

  Moreover, in said embodiment, although the manufacturing method in case reinforcement | strengthening material (linen) is arrange | positioned on both surfaces of a laminated material, only one side may be sufficient. For example, when the direction of the force applied to the laminated material is assumed to be limited to one direction depending on the use of the laminated material, such as a shelf board, the strength is maintained even on one side only, It can be manufactured at a lower cost than when a reinforcing material is attached.

Further, the reinforcing material may be disposed on a part of the surface of the laminated material or on the entire surface. For example, when the position where the force is applied to the laminated material is substantially determined depending on the use of the laminated material, the reinforcing material may be disposed only at that position.
(Summary)
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminated material having higher strength than a conventional laminated material produced using a plant or fruit shell.

101 Peanut shell 102 Raw material (ground peanut shell)
103 PVA powder 104 Water 105 Mixture 106 Linen 107 Board 201 PVA membrane 301 Upper frame 302 Lower frame 303 Horizontal frame 303a Cotton material wall 305 Hot press machine

Claims (5)

A first step of mixing a raw material obtained by pulverizing a plant or fruit shell, or a seed of a plant or fruit, and a resin-based adhesive material;
A second step of laminating and pressing the mixture and a reinforcing material made of a fiber material;
Bei to give a,
The resin-based adhesive material is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin and water,
In the second step, heating and pressurization are performed,
Furthermore, in the second step, the mixture and the reinforcing material are packed in a mold and laminated,
Method for producing a laminated material you wherein a portion of the mold is composed of cotton.   In the said 2nd process, the said mixture is laminated | stacked so that it may be pinched | interposed by the said some reinforcing material, The manufacturing method of the laminated material of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The method for producing a laminated material according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing material is cloth-like.   The method for producing a laminated material according to claim 3, wherein, in the second step, the mixture is laminated on the entire surface of the reinforcing material. The raw material is crushed peanut shell,
Producing how the laminate as claimed in any one of 4, wherein the mass ratio of raw material is 70 to 85% and wherein in said mixture.

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