JP5552626B2 - Lead-acid battery regeneration device, lead-acid battery regeneration method, and lead-acid battery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lead-acid battery regeneration device that regenerates and uses a lead-acid battery whose performance has been reduced, a lead-acid battery regeneration method, and a lead-acid battery regenerated by this method.

  A lead storage battery, which is one of secondary batteries, is widely used as a power source for electric devices for vehicles. It is known that the capacity of this lead-acid battery is greatly reduced due to repeated charging and discharging or aged deterioration. A lead-acid battery having a reduced capacity is usually discarded because it has been determined that it has reached the end of its life.

Sulfation can be cited as one of the causes of the capacity reduction of the lead storage battery. The sulfation is formed by lead sulfate (PbSO ₄ ) generated on the surface of the electrode during discharge crystallizing and accumulating on the electrode as time passes. Since sulfation is a substance having a hard film with a reduced surface area due to large crystallization, it hardly has electron conductivity or ion conductivity, which is a cause of deterioration of the performance of the storage battery.

  For the purpose of removing sulfation, Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe examples of techniques for removing crystallized lead sulfate by supplying a pulsed current to a storage battery with degraded performance.

Japanese Patent No. 4427089 Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-164540

  The technique described in Patent Document 1 detects the voltage and temperature of the storage battery during the regeneration process, and detects the current value of the pulse current that energizes the storage battery so that the voltage and temperature of the storage battery converge to a certain value, respectively. Control is performed based on the voltage and temperature of the storage battery.

  Moreover, the technique described in Patent Document 2 is a lead storage battery regeneration device having a pulse current generation means for removing a lead sulfate layer on the electrode surface by passing a direct current pulse current through the lead storage battery. The waveform of the direct current pulse current is changed according to the difference from the set temperature, and the temperature of the lead storage battery is converged to the set temperature.

  Both of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are common in that a direct current pulse current flows to a lead storage battery. In Patent Document 1, the current value of the pulse current is changed. On the other hand, Patent Document 2 is different in that the waveform of the pulse current, that is, the current peak value, the pulse width, the repetition frequency, or the intermittent period is changed. However, as long as the pulse current flows, there is always a time during which no current flows to the lead storage battery (hereinafter referred to as “non-energization time”).

  The present invention pays attention to this non-energization time, a lead storage battery regeneration device capable of regenerating the lead storage battery in a short time without causing thermal destruction of the electrode of the lead storage battery, a lead storage battery regeneration method, and this method An object of the present invention is to provide a lead-acid battery regenerated by the above.

  In order to solve the above problems, a lead storage battery regeneration device according to the present invention is a lead storage battery regeneration device that reduces and removes the lead sulfate layer on the electrode surface by passing a current through the lead storage battery, and overcharges the lead storage battery. A power supply for supplying current to the lead storage battery and a temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the lead storage battery and the outside air temperature, the temperature of the lead storage battery being the thermal breakdown temperature of the electrode of the lead storage battery Based on the temperature information transmitted from the temperature detection unit, the lead from the power supply to the lead storage battery so that the current is always supplied from the power supply to the lead storage battery while maintaining the following temperature. It has a control part which controls the current value supplied.

The present invention is based on the premise that the sulfation is a non-conductive resistor, and the sulfation is dissolved by increasing the reaction rate of the electrolysis by causing the lead storage battery to overcharge and causing the lead storage battery to self-heat. In order to maintain this state, control is performed such that current is always supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery. If there is a non-energization time during which no current is supplied to the lead-acid battery, such as a pulse current, this non-energization time period becomes a time zone during which sulfation removal is not promoted, and the efficiency of sulfation removal decreases. However, the time required for reproduction is prolonged. On the other hand, in the lead storage battery regeneration device of the present invention, since the current is always supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery, the removal of sulfation is promoted in all time zones, and the time required for regeneration Can be shortened.
In addition, the magnitude of the current supplied to the lead storage battery is controlled so that the temperature of the lead storage battery is equal to or lower than the thermal breakdown temperature of the lead storage battery electrode. There is no.

  In the lead storage battery regeneration device of the present invention, the control unit stores the temperature information of the lead storage battery transmitted from the temperature detection unit, and the lead storage battery based on the temperature information sent from the storage unit. And a current adjustment unit that adjusts the current supplied to the lead storage battery based on the current value calculated by the calculation unit. be able to.

  With such a configuration of the control unit, current is always supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery while maintaining the temperature of the lead storage battery to be equal to or lower than the thermal breakdown temperature of the electrode of the lead storage battery. An appropriate current value can be determined.

  In the lead storage battery regeneration device of the present invention, in the state where current is supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery, the temperature of the lead storage battery is constant, and the current value supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery It is preferable that the control unit controls a current value supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery so that the voltage is constant.

  The constant temperature of the lead acid battery means that the heat generated by the current supplied from the power source to the lead acid battery and the heat dissipation from the lead acid battery to the air maintain a thermal equilibrium state. Thus, sulfation can be removed most stably by supplying a constant current from the power source to the lead storage battery.

  The lead storage battery regeneration method of the present invention is a lead storage battery regeneration method in which a lead sulfate battery is reduced by removing the lead sulfate layer on the electrode surface by passing a current through the lead storage battery, and the lead storage battery is maintained in an overcharged state. In addition to supplying current to the lead storage battery, the temperature of the lead storage battery and the outside air temperature are detected, and the lead storage battery is maintained at a temperature equal to or lower than the thermal destruction temperature of the lead storage battery electrode. The current value supplied to the lead storage battery is controlled based on the temperature information of the lead storage battery so that the current is always supplied.

  In this lead storage battery regeneration method, since current is always supplied to the lead storage battery, removal of sulfation is promoted in all time zones, and the time required for regeneration can be shortened. The magnitude of the current supplied to the lead storage battery is controlled so that the temperature of the lead storage battery is equal to or lower than the thermal breakdown temperature of the electrode of the lead storage battery. Can be played.

In the lead storage battery regeneration method of the present invention, in a state where current is supplied to the lead storage battery, the temperature of the lead storage battery is constant and the current value supplied to the lead storage battery is constant. It is preferable to control the current value supplied to the lead storage battery.
By supplying a constant current from the power source to the lead storage battery, sulfation can be removed most stably.

The lead storage battery of the present invention is regenerated by the above-described lead storage battery regeneration method, and can be used safely over a long period of time by being regenerated by this lead storage battery regeneration method.
Therefore, compared with the case of newly producing a lead storage battery having the same function, energy consumption and carbon dioxide generation can be greatly suppressed, and the amount of lead storage battery to be discarded is reduced. There is also a great effect from the viewpoint of processing.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a lead-acid battery regeneration device capable of regenerating a lead-acid battery in a short time without causing thermal destruction of the electrode of the lead-acid battery, a lead-acid battery regeneration method, and a lead-acid battery regenerated by this method can do. Thereby, there is a great effect from the viewpoint of reduction of energy consumption, suppression of carbon dioxide generation, and waste disposal.

It is a lineblock diagram of a lead storage battery reproducing device concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the control part used for the lead storage battery reproducing | regenerating apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating control of the electric current supplied to lead acid battery, and the temperature of lead acid battery in the lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating apparatus and lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating method of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating control of the electric current supplied to lead acid battery, and the temperature of lead acid battery in the lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating apparatus and lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating method of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating control of the electric current supplied to lead acid battery, and the temperature of lead acid battery in the lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating apparatus and lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating method of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating control of the electric current supplied to lead acid battery, and the temperature of lead acid battery in the lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating apparatus and lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating method of this invention.

Below, this invention is demonstrated based on the embodiment.
In FIG. 1, the block diagram of the lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention is shown.
The lead storage battery regeneration device 1 includes a control unit 2, a temperature detection unit 3, and a power source 4. An external temperature sensor 6 is attached in contact with the outside of the lead storage battery 5, and an internal temperature sensor 7 is attached inside the lead storage battery 5. A terminal temperature sensor 8 is attached in contact with the electrode of the lead storage battery 5, and an environmental temperature sensor 9 for measuring the environmental temperature of the lead storage battery 5 is disposed.
The external temperature sensor 6, the internal temperature sensor 7, the terminal temperature sensor 8, and the environmental temperature sensor 9 are electrically connected to the temperature detection unit 3, and the internal temperature, external temperature, terminal temperature, and environmental temperature of the lead storage battery 5 are Is transmitted to the temperature detection unit 3. In addition, the detection of the internal temperature of the lead storage battery 5 is performed by using the detection temperature of the terminal temperature sensor 8 for detecting the temperature of the electrode terminal metal part having a high thermal conductivity and the higher one of the detection temperatures of the internal temperature sensor 7 as lead. This is performed by adopting the internal temperature of the storage battery 5.
The electrode of the lead storage battery 5 and the power supply 4 are electrically connected, and current is supplied from the power supply 4 to the lead storage battery 5.

In FIG. 2, an example of the control part used for the lead acid battery reproducing | regenerating apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention is shown.
The control unit 2 includes a storage unit 11, a calculation unit 12, and a current adjustment unit 13. The temperature information of the lead storage battery 5 transmitted from the temperature detection unit 3 is stored in the storage unit 11, and the temperature information of the lead storage battery 5 stored in the storage unit 11 is sent to the calculation unit 12 to be described later. 5 or a suitable current value is calculated. Based on this current value, the current adjustment unit 13 adjusts the current supplied from the power source 4 to the lead storage battery 5.
The function of the control unit 2 will be described in detail later.

Based on FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, control of the current supplied to the lead storage battery and the temperature of the lead storage battery in the lead storage battery regeneration device and the lead storage battery regeneration method of the present invention will be described.
3, 4, 5, and 6 show the relationship between the current supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery and the temperature of the lead storage battery, with the horizontal axis representing time and the left vertical axis representing temperature. The right vertical axis represents current. The temperature of the lead acid battery indicates both the internal temperature and the external temperature.

FIG. 3 shows a temperature pattern when a current of g (A), which is a relatively large current value, is supplied to the lead storage battery. The internal temperature of the lead acid battery rises with the lapse of time of current supply, and when the external temperature of the lead acid battery reaches a (° C.) which is the upper limit value of the set temperature, the switch is turned off and the current supply is stopped. . Thereafter, the temperature of the lead storage battery continues to rise to some extent and then falls, and when the external temperature reaches b (° C.) which is the lower limit value of the set temperature, the switch is closed and supply of current is started. Thereafter, the temperature of the lead storage battery continues to decrease to some extent and then increases. When the external temperature reaches a (° C.) which is the upper limit value of the set temperature, the supply of current is stopped again.
With such a temperature and current pattern, there is a non-energization time during which no current flows to the lead-acid battery. During this time, removal of sulfation due to current supply is not promoted, and sulfation The efficiency of removal decreases and the time required for regeneration increases.

FIG. 4 shows a temperature pattern when a current of h (A) which is a current smaller than the current value shown in FIG. 3 is supplied to the lead storage battery.
Since the current value is smaller than that in the case of FIG. 3, the temperature rise gradient of the lead storage battery with the lapse of time of current supply becomes gentle. Therefore, the time required for the external temperature to reach a (° C.), which is the upper limit value of the set temperature, becomes longer, and the energization time for the lead storage battery becomes longer. On the other hand, the time required for the temperature drop after the supply of current is stopped is the same as long as the external environment temperature is constant. As a result, the ratio of the non-energization time to the total time required for the regeneration process is shortened.

FIG. 5 shows a lead-acid battery in which i (A), which is smaller than the current value shown in FIG. 4, is an upper limit value of current, j (A) is a lower limit value of current, and the current is changed stepwise. The temperature pattern when supplied is shown.
By supplying the current of i (A) to the lead storage battery, the external temperature of the lead storage battery rises gradually, and the external temperature is set to c (° C.) lower than a (° C.) which is the upper limit value of the set temperature. When reached, the current value supplied to the lead-acid battery is reduced to j (A) smaller than i (A). As a result, after the temperature of the lead storage battery continues to rise to some extent, it turns down without reaching a (° C.), and the external temperature is higher than b (° C.), which is the lower limit of the set temperature, d (° C.). Is reached, the current value supplied to the lead storage battery is increased to i (A). Thereafter, the temperature of the lead storage battery continues to fall to some extent, and then rises without reaching b (° C.).

C (° C.) which is a conversion temperature for reducing the current value supplied to the lead storage battery from i (A) to j (A), and the current value supplied to the lead storage battery from j (A) to i (A). The conversion temperature d (° C.) to be increased is calculated from the temperature increase gradient when the i (A) current is supplied and the temperature decrease gradient when the j (A) current is supplied. Can be determined. Also, the internal temperature of the lead storage battery is set so that the internal temperature of the lead storage battery is lower than a (° C.) that is the upper limit value of the set temperature and higher than b (° C.) that is the lower limit value of the set temperature. The conversion temperatures c (° C.) and d (° C.) are determined in consideration of the difference between the temperature and the external temperature.
When the current value supplied to the lead storage battery is controlled in this way, the current is always supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery while maintaining the temperature of the lead storage battery to be equal to or lower than the thermal breakdown temperature of the lead storage battery electrode. The supplied state can be realized, and the non-energization time can be eliminated.

  FIG. 6 shows that by further controlling the current value supplied to the lead acid battery, both the internal temperature and the external temperature of the lead acid battery are the upper limit value a (° C.) and lower limit value b (° C.) of the set temperature. A state in which a constant value is obtained is shown. Here, the internal temperature of the lead storage battery is set to e (° C.), and the external temperature is set to f (° C.). This means that heat generation by the current supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery and heat dissipation from the lead storage battery to the air maintain a thermal equilibrium state. The current supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery is k (A) smaller than i (A) and larger than j (A) shown in FIG. Therefore, a constant current always flows. Therefore, since removal of sulfation by supplying current is continuously promoted in an optimum state, it is possible to regenerate the lead storage battery most efficiently in a short time.

The above-described control of the current value supplied to the lead storage battery can be performed as follows, for example.
The temperature information related to the passage of time and the temperature change from the start of the current supply of the lead storage battery, which is transmitted from the temperature detection unit 3 to the storage unit 11 of the control unit 2 shown in FIG. The stored temperature information is sent to the calculation unit 12 so that the calculation unit 12 calculates the temperature change gradient of the lead storage battery, and the temperature of the lead storage battery is equal to or lower than the thermal breakdown temperature of the electrode of the lead storage battery. In order to realize a state in which current is always supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery while maintaining, c (° C.), d (° C.), current values i (A), which are the conversion temperatures shown in FIG. j (A) is calculated. The calculated value is sent to the current adjusting unit 13, and the current adjusting unit 13 performs switching of the current supplied by the power source.

  The temperature information about the temperature pattern of the lead storage battery obtained by this operation is transmitted from the temperature detection unit 3 to the storage unit 11, and the temperature information of the lead storage battery is sampled and stored in time series, and the stored temperature Information is sent to the calculation unit 12, and the calculation unit 12 calculates a constant current k (A) for the temperature change gradient of the lead storage battery to be zero, that is, the lead storage battery can maintain a thermal equilibrium state. The calculated value is sent to the current adjusting unit 13, and the current adjusting unit 13 controls the power supply to supply a constant current k (A) to the lead storage battery.

  That is, the control unit 2 stores the temperature information of the lead storage battery transmitted from the temperature detection unit 3 and the temperature change gradient of the lead storage battery and the lead storage battery based on the temperature information transmitted from the storage unit 11. The calculation unit 12 calculates the current value to be supplied, and the current adjustment unit 13 adjusts the current supplied to the lead storage battery based on the current value calculated by the calculation unit 12. While maintaining the temperature of the lead-acid battery to be equal to or lower than the thermal destruction temperature of the lead-acid battery electrode, it realizes a state in which current is always supplied from the power source to the lead-acid battery and eliminates sulfation by supplying current. Can be promoted in an optimal state.

Note that the conversion temperatures c (° C.) and d (° C.) and the currents i (A) and j (A) shown in FIG. 3 is stored in advance, the current g (A) shown in FIG. 3 is experimentally supplied to the lead storage battery, the temperature pattern of the lead storage battery is collected as data, and the current value supplied to the lead storage battery is gradually increased. 4 can be performed through the temperature pattern shown in FIG. 4, and the state without the non-energization time shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be realized.
Moreover, in said description, although current control is performed based on the external temperature of a lead storage battery, the same current control can be performed also based on the internal temperature of a lead storage battery.

Further, in the above description, a method is adopted in which a higher current is first supplied and the current value is gradually reduced, but by including a step of increasing the current value once reduced, the temperature difference between day and night can be reduced. It is possible to cope with changes in environmental temperature. Since the outside air temperature rises from night to daytime, the amount of heat released from the lead storage battery decreases, but in accordance with this, the value of the current flowing through the lead storage battery is reduced. On the contrary, since the outside air temperature decreases from daytime to nighttime, the amount of heat released from the lead storage battery increases, and accordingly, the value of the current flowing through the lead storage battery is increased.
By detecting the environmental temperature and performing the above operation, the thermal equilibrium state by supplying a constant current shown in FIG. 6 can be realized even if the environmental temperature changes.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be widely used as a lead storage battery regeneration device and a lead storage battery regeneration method capable of regenerating lead storage in a short time without causing thermal destruction of the electrodes of the lead storage battery. Since the lead storage battery thus made can be used safely over a long period of time, it effectively functions as a lead storage battery recycling technology and greatly contributes to energy saving.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lead storage battery reproduction apparatus 2 Control part 3 Temperature detection part 4 Power supply 5 Lead storage battery 6 External temperature sensor 7 Internal temperature sensor 8 Terminal temperature sensor 9 Environmental temperature sensor 11 Memory | storage part 12 Calculation part 13 Current adjustment part

Claims (3)

A lead-acid battery regenerator that reduces and removes the lead sulfate layer on the electrode surface by passing a current through the lead-acid battery, maintaining the lead-acid battery in an overcharged state and supplying a current to the lead-acid battery; A temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the lead storage battery, and the current from the power source to the lead storage battery is always maintained while maintaining the temperature of the lead storage battery to be equal to or lower than the thermal breakdown temperature of the lead storage battery electrode. as supplied, based on the temperature information transmitted from the temperature detection section, have a control unit for controlling a current value supplied to the lead-acid battery from said power supply,
In a state in which current is supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery, the temperature of the lead storage battery is constant, and the current value supplied from the power source to the lead storage battery is constant. Controls the current value supplied to the lead storage battery from the power source . A lead-acid battery regeneration method in which a current is passed through a lead-acid battery to reduce and remove the lead sulfate layer on the electrode surface, the lead-acid battery is maintained in an overcharged state, current is supplied to the lead-acid battery, and lead The temperature of the lead storage battery is detected so that the current is always supplied to the lead storage battery while detecting the temperature of the storage battery and maintaining the lead storage battery temperature to be equal to or lower than the thermal breakdown temperature of the lead storage battery electrode. Based on the information, control the current value supplied to the lead acid battery ,
In a state where current is supplied to the lead storage battery, the current supplied to the lead storage battery is such that the temperature of the lead storage battery is constant and the current value supplied to the lead storage battery is constant. A lead-acid battery regeneration method characterized by controlling a value . A lead acid battery regenerated by the lead acid battery regeneration method of claim 2 .

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