JP5551674B2 - 植物性エストロゲンのイソフラボン組成物、それらの製剤及び放射線傷害に対する防護および処置用のその使用 - Google Patents
植物性エストロゲンのイソフラボン組成物、それらの製剤及び放射線傷害に対する防護および処置用のその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- genistein
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Description
本明細書において示すように、ゲニステイン(4’,5,7−トリヒドロキシフラボン)(図1を参照すること)は、有力な抗酸化剤と考えられる(Wei et al.,Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med.,208:124〜30[1995])。ゲニステインは、また、DNAトポイソメラーゼII、細胞周期進展、および脈管形成を阻害する。加えて、それは血管拡張剤であり、LDL(低密度リポプロテイン)コレステロールレベルを減少させることが示されてきた。実際、これらの特性は、ゲニステインの防護作用の代替機構を調査する研究の基礎であった(Kim,Am.J.Clin.Nutr.,68:1418S〜1425S[1998])。さらに、電離放射線誘発アポトーシス(プログラム細胞死)はチロシン・キナーゼ活性化により誘発される。タンパク質チロシン・キナーゼ阻害剤としてのゲニステインは、放射線誘発細胞死を防止することが示されてきた(Uckun et al.,Clin.Canc.Res.,4:1125〜34[1998])。従って、ゲニステインなどのタンパク質キナーゼ阻害剤は、本発明の開発の間に放射線防護剤候補として調査されてきた。
本発明の開発の間に、ゲニステインは理想的な放射線防護剤の特性を有することが見出された。しかし、追加の化合物が本発明において用いられることは考えられる(例えば、ダイゼインおよびグリシテインおよびそれらの代謝物)。ゲニステイン使用の利点には、その非毒性、抗酸化性、植物性エストロゲン、タンパク質チロシン・キナーゼ抑制特性が挙げられる。加えて、単一食品源から食事に使用できるものは天然品であり、毎日与えて防護有効性の長期時間帯を提供することができる。さらに、それは容易に投与でき、確立された長期の保存期間を有する。
いくつかの好ましい実施形態において、本発明は、放射線傷害を予防的にまたは治療的に処置するために十分な量のイソフラボンを投与することを含む方法を提供する。あらゆるイソフラボンについて本発明における用途が見出せることが考えられるが、好ましい実施形態において、ゲニステイン、同じ特性(例えば、優れた抗酸化特性およびエストロゲン特性)を持つ関連イソフラボノイドまたは代謝物が用いられる。代わりの実施形態において、関連イソフラボノイドまたは代謝物はタンパク質キナーゼ活性を有する。
本明細書において用いられる用語「動物」は、ヒトを含むあらゆる動物を指す。用語「非ヒト動物」は、齧歯動物、節足動物、昆虫、魚、非ヒト霊長類、羊、牛、反芻動物、ウサギ、豚、ヤギ、馬、犬、ネコ、鳥類、などに限定されないがそれらを含む脊椎動物および無脊椎動物を含む。
単一経口投与の防護効果
この実施例は、照射1または24時間前に投与し放射線誘発死亡率を緩和するゲニステインの単一経口投与の防護効果を測定するための実験を記載する。放射線防護に及ぼすゲニステインの効果を、線量率0.6Gy/分で供給する8.5Gyまたは9.5Gyコバルト−60ガンマ線照射の1時間または24時間前に投与した、生理食塩水、PEG賦形剤、または400mg/kgゲニステイン(ゲニステイン−400)の単一経口(po)投与の後に評価した(N=16)。照射後、マウスをそれらの元の籠に戻し、そこで30日間にわたり生存を監視した。生理食塩水を投与した雄CD2F1マウスの放射線LD50/30は約8.3Gyであると測定された。30日生存率はカイ2乗検定を用いて分析した。
ゲニステインの多数回経口投与の防護効果
この実施例は、照射前または前および後に投与したゲニステインの多数回経口投与の防護効果を測定するための実験を記載する。これらの実験において、致死線量(9.5Gy)ガンマ線照射前4日間(pre)、後4日間(post)、または前4日間および後4日間(pre+post)のいずれかに対してゲニステイン100mg/kgまたは400mg/kgをマウス(N=16/組)にpo投与した。照射前ゲニステイン組の動物は照射後PEG賦形剤を受け、照射後ゲニステイン組は照射前にPEG賦形剤を受けた。こうして、すべての動物に8日間の賦形剤またはゲニステインいずれかの経口チューブ補給を与えた。照射後投与は照射1時間後に始めた。照射前および後の両方で生理食塩水またはPEGのいずれかを受ける二つの組も含めた。これは合計8の処置条件をもたらした:1)生理食塩水対照;2)PEG賦形剤対照;3)ゲニステイン−100前;4)ゲニステイン−100後;5)ゲニステイン−100前+後;6)ゲニステイン−400前;7)ゲニステイン−400後;および8)ゲニステイン−400前+後。
ゲニステインの皮下投与
この実施例において、投与の別経路を用いる実験を行った、すなわち、ゲニステインの単一皮下注入で照射24時間前に投与した。これらの実験において、致死線量の放射線の24時間前に、生理食塩水、PEG賦形剤、ゲニステイン100mg/kg、またはゲニステイン400mg/kgのいずれかを首筋中に単一皮下(sc)注入としてマウスに与えた。これら両方のゲニステインの投与量は、本明細書において記載される感受性自発運動試験を用いて非毒性であることが実証された。
行動毒性
この実施例において、放射線防護性であると測定されたゲニステインの単一経口投与の行動毒性を測定するために行われた実験が記載される。行動実験を非照射マウスにおいて行って、自発運動に及ぼすゲニステインの影響、技術上周知の行動毒性の感受性指数を測定した(MacPhail,J.Am.Coll.Toxicol.,8:117〜125[1989])。
皮下ゲニステイン注入の行動毒性
この実施例において、ゲニステインの単一皮下注入が、経口投与実施例4の自発運動試験により測定されたように、いかなる行動副作用を及ぼすのかを測定するための実験が記載される。
握力および運動協調性試験により測定される行動毒性
この実施例において、ゲニステインの単一経口または皮下注入が、握力試験または運動協調性試験により測定されるような行動毒性を生み出すかどうかを測定するために行われた実験が記載される。以下にさらに検討されるように、これらの結果により、さらに、経口的または皮下的いずれかで急性投与した100、200、または400mg/kg投与量において毒性がないことが実証された。
逆転スクリーンテストを用いて、前肢握力および運動協調性に及ぼすゲニステインの急性効果を測定するために非照射マウス(N=10/組)10組による行動実験を行った。組毎に各マウスは、生理食塩水、PEG、またはゲニステイン100、200、または400mg/kgの単一皮下注入または単一チューブ補給を受けた。すべての薬剤を注入体積0.1mlで皮下的に投与した。注入の日は「0日目」であると考えられた。
前肢握力能力を確定手順(Meyer et al.,Neurobehav.Toxicol.,1:233〜236)を用いて評価した。ピークの前肢握力をシャティヨン・ディジタル・フォース・ゲージ(モデルDFI2)によりキログラムで測定した。ゲージをステンレスT−形鋼に取り付けた。その前足をT−形鋼の上に乗せてマウスを置き、その握りが放れるまで一定の速度で尻尾により後ろへ静かに引っ張った。偏りを排除するために、握力試験を行う個人には動物が受けた処置について知らせなかった。マウス当り二つの試みを行い、これらの試みの平均値を算定して前肢握力を評価した。試験は明/暗サイクルの明部の間にゲニステイン投与後1、4、および14日目に行った。
握力試験に加えて、逆転スクリーンテストを用いて運動協調性を評価した(Coughenour et al.,Phamacol.Biochem.Behav.,6:351〜353[1977])。各マウスを、単独で、机の上31cmの金属棒上に水平に取り付けた各々13X13cmサイズの4個のワイヤーメッシュスクリーンの内の一つの頂部に置いた。次に、装置をゆっくりと180度回転させ、その結果マウスはスクリーンの底で逆さまに吊らされる。自然の傾向は、マウスがスクリーンの頂部に登ることである。60秒後、各動物を2組:(1)頂部に登った動物;及び(2)底にしがみ付くかまたはスクリーンから落下した動物、の内の一つに割り振った。動物は、それが60秒以内にすべての4本足を使ってスクリーンの頂部までよじ登って帰ってくる場合に、試験に合格したと見なされた。それが落下する場合に動物の傷害を予防するために各スクリーンの直下に置かれるクッションは、マウスが落下することを選べないであろうように、十分な高さにある。すべてのマウスに対して処置24時間前に予備試験を行い、予備試験においてスクリーンの頂部に登ることができたものだけを本実験で用いた。
注入後14日間を通して握力試験および逆転スクリーンテストに用いられた同じ非照射動物を計量した。沈滞、毛皮の状態、および一般的な健康などの臨床的症状を計量時に監視した。
注入後14日目に、2対照組(生理食塩水およびPEG)からのすべてのマウスおよび高投与組(ゲニステイン400mg/kg)からのそれらを安楽死させ、検死した。各動物の全体吟味後、精巣からの組織、肝臓、副腎、腸間膜リンパ節、脾臓、および大腿骨および胸骨の骨髄を、技術上公知の方法を用いて、収集し、緩衝化ホルマリン中に入れ、パラフィンで埋め込み、区分化し、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシンにより染色した。精巣上体なしでの両方の精巣の湿重量をホルマリン漬けにする前に測定した。正式の獣医病理学者がすべての組織を検査した。結果は総検死および組織病理が正常であることを示した。
握力、体重、および精巣重量を統計的に分析するために、分散およびフィッシャーの最小有意差試験分析を用いた。逆転スクリーンテストおよび30日生存データの分析のために、フィッシャーの直接確率検定を用いた。
最適皮下防護投与量の決定
本実施例において、放射線照射24時間前に投与したゲニステインの単一皮下注入が放射線傷害に対してマウスを防護する最適投与量および投与量の範囲を確定するために行われた以下の実験が記載される。放射線防護を30日生存により測定した。放射線量が9.5Gy60−コバルトであり線量率が0.6Gy/分で、用量−反応実験を行った。用いた放射手順は上述のそれと同じであった。
Claims (36)
- 少なくとも一つのイソフラボノイドを含む、致死線量の放射線から対象を防護するための医薬組成物であって、
前記イソフラボノイドが、ゲニスチン、ダイゼイン、6’’−O’Malダイゼイン、6’’−O−Acダイゼイン、グリシテイン、グリシチン、6’’−O−Malグリシチン、バイオチャニンA、フォルムオノネチン、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される前記医薬組成物。 - 前記対象が前記放射線由来の組織損傷から防護される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物中のイソフラボノイドの少なくとも一つが抗酸化剤である請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記イソフラボノイドがエストロゲン活性を有する請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記の少なくとも一つのイソフラボノイドがチロシン・キナーゼ阻害剤を含む請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記の少なくとも一つのイソフラボノイドが脈管形成阻害薬を含む請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記の少なくとも一つのイソフラボノイドが前記対象の血液中の低密度リポタンパク質濃度を低下させる請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記イソフラボノイドの少なくとも一つが血管拡張剤を含む請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物中のイソフラボノイドが大豆、大豆製品およびクローバーからなる群から選択される供給源から得られる請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記イソフラボノイドが賦形剤中に溶解されている請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記賦形剤がポリエチレン・グリコールである請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物がさらに1以上の医薬的に許容可能な担体、賦形剤、補助剤、および希釈剤を含む請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が全身的に投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が医薬的に許容可能な形態を取って投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が単一投与において前記対象に投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が多数回投与において前記対象に投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が、皮下注入、経口投与、静脈内投与、直腸投与、膣投与、局所投与、筋内投与、鼻腔内投与、経皮的投与、結膜下投与、眼内投与、眼周囲投与、球後投与、網膜下、脈絡膜上投与、およびクモ膜下投与からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が機械式貯蔵所、装置、移植片、および傷当てからなる群から選択される供給源からの投与である請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が錠剤、カプセル、液体、ゲル、粉末、座薬、懸濁液、クリーム、ゼリーおよびエアゾールスプレーからなる群から選択される形態を取る、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が未処理大豆食品を含む請求項19に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が単離された大豆タンパク質を含む請求項19に記載の医薬組成物。
- イソフラボノイドが食品成分の天然要素である請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が0.1mg〜2000mgの前記イソフラボノイドを含む請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象に投与される前記医薬組成物の投薬量が5mg/日〜2000mg/日の前記イソフラボノイドである請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象に投与される前記医薬組成物の前記投薬量が25mg/日〜1200mg/日の前記イソフラボノイドを含む請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象に投与される前記医薬組成物の前記投薬量が40mg/日〜1200mg/日の前記イソフラボノイドを含む請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象に投与される前記医薬組成物の前記投薬量が30mg/日〜200mg/日の前記イソフラボノイドを含む請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が前記対象体重の400mg/kg/日未満の有効量の投薬量において前記対象に投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が前記対象体重の1mg/kg/日〜20mg/kg/日の有効量の投薬量において前記対象に投与される請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が放射線曝露の10分〜96時間前に投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が多数回投与において投与される請求項29に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が放射線曝露後1分〜48時間に投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が多数回投与において投与される請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記放射線が電離放射線、アルファ線、ベータ線、ガンマ線、中性子、マイクロ波、および電磁放射線からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- a)ポリエチレン・グリコール(PEG)およびゴマ油賦形剤からなる群から選択される賦形剤中に、ゲニスチン、ダイゼイン、6’’−O−Malダイゼイン、6’’−O−Acダイゼイン、グリシテイン、グリシチン、6’’−O−Malグリシチン、バイオチャニンA、フォルムオノネチン、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるイソフラボノイドを溶解して懸濁液を生成し、および
b)前記懸濁液中の前記イソフラボノイドを分離してイソフラボノイド溶液を生成する、
段階を含む少なくとも一つのイソフラボノイドを含む非毒性の放射線防護組成物を調合するための方法であって、前記組成物が、致死線量の放射線から対象を防護するための医薬組成物である前記方法。 - 前記溶液が、さらに、医薬的に許容可能な担体、付形剤、補助剤、および希釈剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの追加成分を含む請求項35に記載の方法。
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US20080089960A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Miri Seiberg | Use of Legume Products for the Treatment and Prevention of Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Damage |
KR101017650B1 (ko) * | 2008-03-04 | 2011-02-25 | 한국원자력연구원 | 헤스페리딘 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염을유효성분으로 함유하는 세포 보호용 조성물 |
US8900635B2 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2014-12-02 | Humanetics Corporation | Nanoparticle isoflavone compositions and methods of making and using the same |
US20140274966A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Hygia Pharmaceuticals, Llc | Drink Product Containing Genistein and Use Thereof |
US9623003B1 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2017-04-18 | Humanetics Corporation | Method of mitigating long and short term detrimental effects of exposure to medical imaging ionizing radiation by administration of genistein |
US9084726B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2015-07-21 | Humanetics Corporation | Suspension compositions of physiologically active phenolic compounds and methods of making and using the same |
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US5824702A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-10-20 | Mount Sinai School Of Medicine Of The City University Of New York | Genistein as a preventive against ultraviolet induced skin photodamage and cancer |
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US6132795A (en) | 1998-03-15 | 2000-10-17 | Protein Technologies International, Inc. | Vegetable protein composition containing an isoflavone depleted vegetable protein material with an isoflavone containing material |
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US8349888B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
CA2412501C (en) | 2011-05-31 |
DE60128801D1 (de) | 2007-07-19 |
JP4995396B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
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