JP5548974B2 - 食材の殺菌又は保存方法 - Google Patents
食材の殺菌又は保存方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5548974B2 JP5548974B2 JP2009114373A JP2009114373A JP5548974B2 JP 5548974 B2 JP5548974 B2 JP 5548974B2 JP 2009114373 A JP2009114373 A JP 2009114373A JP 2009114373 A JP2009114373 A JP 2009114373A JP 5548974 B2 JP5548974 B2 JP 5548974B2
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- catechins
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- bacteria
- chloride
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- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
Description
抗菌性物質は抗菌作用が強いものが望ましいが、特に抗菌性物質を野菜等の食材に使用する場合には、長期的に抗菌性物質を経口摂取する点から、湿疹、アレルギー反応等を急性的又は慢性的に発症し、健康を害するおそれがあるため、安全性の高いものが望まれている。
従って、幅広い分野で使用することができる、安全性の高い新たな食材の殺菌又は保存方法や抗菌組成物などが望まれている。
(1) 塩化カリウム、塩化マグネシウム及びカテキン類から選ばれる1種以上を食材に添加し、塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウムが0.5〜30質量%且つカテキン類が0.001〜0.5質量%になるようにすることを特徴とする食材の殺菌又は保存方法。
(2) 塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム並びにカテキン類を添加する請求項1記載の食材の殺菌又は保存方法。
(3) 塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム並びにカテキン類を質量比で塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム:カテキン類=1:1〜30000:1で含有する抗菌組成物。
(4) 塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム0.5〜30質量%、カテキン類0.001〜0.5質量%、並びに食塩50質量%未満を含有する調味料組成物。
従って、本発明の方法を用いれば、食品を汚染する微生物に対して優れた抗菌力を示すことから、食中毒や食品の腐敗等につながる食品の微生物汚染を有効に防止し、食品を安定的に長期間保存することができる。
具体的には、これら各成分を粉末状、顆粒状等の固形状、水溶液や懸濁液などの液状又はペースト状等の形態で、食材の表面や内部に撒布、塗布また注入したり若しくは付着させたり又は食材を浸漬したりする方法等が挙げられる。
この場合、食材に塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム並びにカテキン類が存在する際には、塩化カリウム、塩化マグネシウム及びカテキン類から選ばれる1種以上を適宜選択して食材に同時又は別々に添加しつつ、塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム並びにカテキン類が上記各特定の濃度となるように調整すればよい。また、これら成分のいずれも含まない食材については塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム並びにカテキン類を又は当該成分を特定の配合割合で含有する組成物に調製したものを食材に添加し、当該成分が上記各特定の濃度となるようにすればよい。
本発明の抗菌組成物における〔塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウム〕:〔カテキン類〕の配合質量比は、風味及び抗菌作用の点から、10:1〜12000:1、より200:1〜12000:1であるのが好ましい。
また塩化カリウム:塩化マグネシウムの配合質量比は、特に限定されないが、風味及び抗菌作用の点から、1:0.1〜0.1:1であるのが好ましい。
また、カテキン類の含有量は、組成物中、0.001〜0.5質量%、より0.002〜0.1質量%、更に0.003〜0.02質量%であるのが好ましい。
上記任意成分としては、その形態及び用途に応じて、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲内での成分、例えば、水の他、砂糖、塩、醤油、酢、みそ、みりん、たれ、つゆ等;コショウ、ショウガ、トウガラシ等の香辛料;昆布だし、鰹だし等のエキス成分;イノシン酸もしくはその塩、グルタミン酸もしくはその塩、グアニン酸若しくはその塩等のアミノ酸系・核酸系調味成分及び調味液等から選ばれる1種以上の一般的に料理の味付けに用いる調味料、酸化防止剤、香料、無機酸類、無機酸塩類、無機塩類、色素類、乳化剤、保存料、甘味料、酸味料、pH調整剤、品質安定剤、多糖増粘剤等が挙げられる。
一方、カテキン類の含有量は、組成物中、0.001〜0.5質量%、より0.002〜0.1質量%、更に0.003〜0.02質量%であるのが好ましい。
なお、塩化ナトリウム(NaCl)の含有量は、食塩過剰摂取抑制の観点から、食品中、50質量%未満、より40質量%以下、更に10質量%以下、より更に4質量%以下であるのが好ましい。
また、例えば、グラム陽性菌としては、枯草菌(B. subtilis)、炭疽菌(B. anthracis)、セレウス菌(B. cereus)等のバシラス属(Bacillus)細菌:リステリア・モノサイトゲネス菌(L. monocytogenes)リステリア・イバノヴィ菌(L. ivanovii)、リステリア・シーリゲリー菌(L. seeligeri)等のリステリア属(Listeria)細菌:Al. acidoterrestris(旧B. acidoterrestris)等のアリシクロバチルス属(Alicyclobacillus)細菌:S. aureus(黄色ブドウ球菌),S. pyogenes等のブドウ球菌属(Staphylococcus)細菌:C. botulinum(ボツリヌス菌),C. perfringens(ウェルシュ菌),C. difficile, C. sporogens等のクロストリジウム属(Clostridium)細菌:Leuconostoc mesenteroides等のリューコノストック属(Leuconostoc)細菌をはじめとする乳酸球菌:Lactobacillus plantarum等のラクトバチルス属(Lactobacillu)細菌をはじめとする乳酸桿菌::Desulfotomaculum nigrificans等のデスルフォマクルム属(Desulfotomaculum)細菌:Enterococcus faecalis等のエンテロコッカス(Enterococcus)細菌;Y. enterocolitica(エルシニア・エンテロコリチカ)等のエルシニア属(Yersinia)細菌等が挙げられる。
当該製茶された茶葉には、(1)煎茶、番茶、玉露、てん茶、釜煎り茶などの緑茶類;(2)総称して烏龍茶と呼ばれる鉄観音、色種、黄金桂、武夷岩茶などの半発酵茶;(3)紅茶と呼ばれるダージリン、ウバ、キーマンなどの発酵茶が含まれる。
抽出助剤としては、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム等の有機酸又はこれら有機酸塩類が挙げられる
(1)試験菌として、Bacillus cereus JCM 2152を用いた。
当該菌株をTSB液体培地(Tryptic Soy Broth,1.7%カゼイン分解物、0.3%大豆酵素分解物、0.25%デキストロース、0.5%塩化ナトリウム、0.25%リン酸水素2カリウム、pH7、Becton Dickinson 社)にて、30℃で24時間振とう培養し、当該培養液を滅菌水で稀釈して、105〜106CFU/mLに調製した菌液を作成した。
基礎培地には、50%Luria Broth(LB)液体培地を用いた。50%LB液体培地の組成は、0.5質量%トリプトン、0.25質量%酵母エキスで、pH6.5に調整後メスアップし、高圧またはオートクレーブ滅菌することにより調製した。最終濃度が表1になるように塩類を添加した50%LB培地も同様に調製した。
また、カテキン類は、市販の緑茶抽出物であるPOLYPHENON 70A(三井農林(株)製)(カテキン類純度79.2質量% カテキン類比率;カテキン 0.4%、ガロカテキン 0.6%、カテキンがレート 1.1%、ガロカテキンガレート 5.0%、エピカテキン 2.3%、エピガロカテキン 2.6%、エピカテキンガレート 18.9%、エピガロカテキンガレート 69.1%)を用いた。
当該緑茶抽出物を1.0質量%となるように純水に溶解し、pHを6.5に調整し、段階希釈にて0,0.0313,0.0625,0.125,0.25,0.5質量%として、希釈後、ろ過滅菌(0.2μm、関東化学社製)し、各濃度の緑茶抽出物溶液を調製した。
最終濃度が表1になるように塩類を添加した9mLの50%LB液体培地に各濃度カテキン類溶液を1mL添加し、最終濃度が表1に示すように調製した。
塩化カリウム(KCl)、塩化マグネシウム(MgCl2)又は塩化ナトリウム(NaCl)の最終濃度:0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0及び6.0質量%
緑茶抽出物の最終濃度:0,0.00313,0.00625,0.0125,0.025及び0.05質量%(カテキン類濃度、それぞれ、0,0.0024789,0.0495,0.0099,0.0198,0.0396質量%)
(4)培養後の生菌数は培養液を10μLのマイクロループでTSA寒天平板培地に画線し48時間、30℃で静置培養し、カテキン類未添加の場合は培養液の10倍稀釈系列を滅菌水で作成し、各稀釈液100μLをTSA寒天平板培地に塗抹して48時間、30℃で静置培養した。培養後のコロニー数から生菌濃度を算出した。
TSA(Tryptic Soy Agar)寒天平板培地:1.7%カゼイン分解物、0.3%大豆酵素分解物、0.25%デキストロース、0.5%塩化ナトリウム、1.5%寒天、pH7、Becton Dickinson 社)。
斯様に、緑茶抽出物単体でBacillus cereus JCM2152に対する抗菌作用が認められる濃度は250ppmであったが、6.0質量%の塩化カリウムと組み合わせにより31.3ppm、2.0質量%の塩化マグネシウムと組み合わせにより31.3ppmで抗菌作用が認められ、その効果はNaClと緑茶抽出物を組み合わせた場合より強いことが明らかとなった。
上記のように塩化カリウム及び/又は塩化マグネシウムとカテキン類を組み合わせることによって食中毒菌を含む各種細菌に対するカテキン類の殺菌又は静菌作用が増大することが認められた。さらに、これらの塩類とカテキン類の組み合わせを利用することで塩化ナトリウムの使用量を低減することが可能である。
Claims (5)
- 塩化カリウムとカテキン類を食材に添加し、塩化カリウムが4.0〜6.0質量%且つカテキン類が0.00495〜0.0099質量%になるようにすることを特徴とする食材の殺菌方法又は微生物増殖を防止して保存する方法。
- 塩化マグネシウムとカテキン類を食材に添加し、塩化マグネシウムが2.0〜6.0質量%且つカテキン類が0.0024789〜0.0099質量%になるようにすることを特徴とする食材の殺菌方法又は微生物増殖を防止して保存する方法。
- バシラス属(Bacillus)細菌を殺菌するか、バシラス属(Bacillus)細菌の増殖を防止して保存する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 塩化カリウムを4.0〜6.0質量%及びカテキン類を0.00495〜0.0099質量%含有する食材用抗菌組成物。
- 塩化マグネシウムを2.0〜6.0質量%及びカテキン類を0.0024789〜0.0099質量%含有する食材用抗菌組成物。
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